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Tytuł:
Teoretyczny rozdział kompetencji pomiędzy dawnymi medykami i chirurgami a codzienna praktyka lecznicza opisana w egodokumentach staropolskich
Theoretical division of competences between physicians and surgeons, and the daily medical practice described in old-Polish egodocuments
Autorzy:
Węglorz, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2089493.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
history of medicine
Old-Polish memoirs
egodocuments
16th-17th centuries
historia medycyny
pamiętniki staropolskie
egodokumenty
XVI-XVII wiek
Opis:
It is predominantly accepted in the historiography of European medicine that, apart from the differences in education, there was a division of competences between physicians educated at universities and barber-surgeons trained in the guild system in terms of their theoretical background. Regardless of the former stereotypes - dating back to the 19th century - relating to the Church-imposed restrictions in teaching surgery at universities, it is believed that the actual differences in terms of competences must have infl uenced the scope of the undertaken therapeutic activities. A different education model and the predominance of either theoretical or practical knowledge among representatives of these groups resulted in different treatment methods and a different perception of the causes of the disease. Physicians with mainly theoretical knowledge are often put in opposition to practising barber-surgeons. While it seems that the reluctance to bloody operations (sometimes articulated by the surgeons themselves) was a reason for the limited involvement of physicians in the barber-surgeon practice, it is diffi cult to clearly indicate the factors that would prevent surgeons from dealing with “non-operational” treatment. The article attempts to answer the question to what extent the then-existing differences in education and legal restrictions infl uenced the actual division of therapeutic tasks and the functioning of various medical professions as viewed from the patient’s perspective.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki; 2021, 66, 2; 87--102
0023-589X
2657-4020
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Due biblioteche cracoviesi del tardo Seicento: piani di lettura incrociati fra presente e passato
Two Cracow Libraries from the Late Seventeenth Century: Cross-Reading Planes between Present and Past
Dwie biblioteki krakowskie z drugiej połowy XVII w. – przeszłość i współczesność w świetle analizy porównawczej
Autorzy:
Mazzei, Rita
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31022402.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
historia kultury
XVI–XVII w.
Kraków
kupcy włoscy
biblioteki
cultural history
16th–17th centuries
Cracow
Italian merchants
libraries
Opis:
Il saggio prende in esame due biblioteche tardo-seicentesche, di cittadini cracoviesi di origine italiana. Quella di Andrzej Kortyn, ossia Andrea Cortini, italiano di seconda generazione, con poco più di una settantina di titoli; e quella del mercante lucchese Girolamo Pinocci, con poco meno di duemila titoli. La formazione di entrambe risaliva al secolo precedente, e i dati incrociati dell’una e dell’altra ci parlano della Cracovia seicentesca, ma anche di quella che era stata l’antica capitale del Regno, e dei suoi molteplici legami con l’Italia.  
The essay examines two late seventeenth-century libraries owned by Cracovian citizens of Italian origin. The library of Andrzej Kortyn, i.e. Andrea Cortini, a second-generation Italian, included over seventy titles; and the library of the Lucchese merchant Girolamo Pinocci – just under two thousand titles. The formation of both dates back to the previous century, and the cross-referenced data of each speak of seventeenth-century Cracow, but also of what had been the Kingdom’s ancient capital and its multiple links with Italy.
Artykuł omawia dwie biblioteki z drugiej połowy XVII w., będące własnością mieszczan krakowskich pochodzenia włoskiego. Pierwsza z nich, należąca do Andrzeja Kortyna vel Andrei Cortiniego, włoskiego migranta drugiego pokolenia, liczyła nieco ponad 70 tytułów, a druga, której właścicielem był kupiec z Lukki Girolamo Pinocci – nieco mniej niż 2 tys. tytułów. Obydwie powstały w poprzednim stuleciu, a zbiorcza analiza wypływających z nich informacji pozwala na poznanie nie tylko siedemnastowiecznego Krakowa, ale również dawniejszego miasta, niegdyś stolicy Królestwa, oraz jego wielorakich związków z Italią.
Źródło:
Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce; 2023, 67; 231-255
0029-8514
Pojawia się w:
Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
L’argomentazione politica in Antirrēsis di Hipacy Pociej
The Political Argumentation in Hipacy Pociej’s Antirrēsis
Autorzy:
Nosilia, Viviana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/635419.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Hipacy Pociej
Orthodox-Uniate polemics
Uniate Church in the 16th–17th centuries
art of argumentation
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
interconfessional relationships
Opis:
The article investigates the interconfessional polemical literature as a valuable source offering an insight into the major values of the society of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 16th–17th centuries. These texts also help understanding phenomena other than the merely religious ones. In the debate, juridical and political arguments were used too. We focus on the case study of Hipacy Pociej’s Antirrēsis (Ruthenian: 1599; Polish: 1600), written in response to Marcin Broniewski’s Apokrisis (1597). Pociej, who had an outstanding political career before becoming a Uniate bishop, mastered these arguments perfectly. His work is imbued with the mentality of the communitas nobilium, which also played a part in his lexical choices.
Źródło:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne; 2016, 10
2084-3011
Pojawia się w:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Status muzyków dworskich Rzeczypospolitej w końcu XVI i w XVII wieku
Status of the court musicians living in the Polish Common Wealth (Poland and Lithuania) in the late 16th and 17th centuries
Autorzy:
Ryczkowska, Alicja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/513870.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Koło Naukowe Studentów Muzykologii UJ
Tematy:
status of musicians
court musicians
Polish Common Wealth
late 16th and 17th centuries
comparison of musicians salaries
Opis:
Most musicians working at the royal and aristocratic courts enjoyed good status despite the difficult political and economic situation of the Polish Common Wealth in the late 16th and 17th centuries. The height of the status of court musicians depended among others on their place of employment, origin, sex, professional roles and musical specialty. This article focuses on the relationship between the status of the musicians and their origin, sex, workplace and salaries. We compared court musicians’ salaries to demonstrate differences in their material status. The few preserved information about the salaries of the Polish court musicians was analyzed in this study. These were wages of the royal musicians and wages of the musicians employed at the courts of Leon Lew Sapieha, Zamoyscy, prince Dominik Ostrogski-Zasławski and hetman Adam Mikołaj Sieniawski. The results are presented descriptively and in the table and graph.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Młodych Muzykologów UJ; 2015, 1(24); 24-45
2956-4107
2353-7094
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Młodych Muzykologów UJ
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Significance of Antitrinitarian Translations of the Bible into Polish in the Dialogue between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Eastern and Western Europe
Autorzy:
Pietkiewicz, Rajmund
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/50107555.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Antitrinitarians
Polish Brethren
Socinians
translations of the Bible into Polish (16th and 17th centuries)
biblical philology
Opis:
The author of this essay poses the question about the significance of antitrinitarian translations of the Bible into Polish for the exchange of ideas and achievements of science between Eastern and Western Europe in the second half of the sixteenth and first half of the seventeenth centuries. In an attempt to systematize various facets of this significance, the author will deal with the bibliographical and bibliological aspects of the editions of the Bible in the Polish language, the dynamics of the development of Polish antitrinitarian biblical translations and biblical editing against the background of the history of the Polish Brethren in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the sources of the translations and the influence they exercised in the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and abroad. The author’s research made it possible to identify two directions of the exchange of ideas. The first direction is the reception in Central and Eastern Europe of the achievements of Western biblical philology and exegesis. The second is related to the Polish Brethren’s contribution to Western Europe’s science and culture. Particularly noteworthy here is the voice of Polish Antitrinitarians in the field of research into the criticism of the biblical text, although this impact was limited due to the language barrier. Of much greater importance were the translations of the Polish Brethren in the East (the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Muscovite lands), where the language barrier was less significant. They also popularized the philological and exegetical achievements of the West among the Karaites and Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Źródło:
Verbum Vitae; 2023, 41, 2; 373-393
1644-8561
2451-280X
Pojawia się w:
Verbum Vitae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cañones del Elector de Sajonia en la plaza fuerte de Rosas (siglos XVI-XVII): El Barzoque y los 36 libras
The Cannons of the Elector of Saxony in the Fortress of Rosas (16th-17th Century): Barzoque and the 36-Pounders
Artyleria elektora saskiego w twierdzy Rosas (XVI-XVII wiek): Barzoque i armaty 36-funtowe
Autorzy:
de la Fuente de Pablo, Pablo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2056541.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-05-16
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
artyleria
Rosas (Hiszpania)
Barzoque
kapitan Diego de Prado y Tovar
XVI-XVII wiek
artillery
Rosas (Spain)
captain Diego de Prado y Tovar
16th-17th centuries
Opis:
Este artículo versa sobre la identificación material de tres voluminosas piezas de artillería, especialmente la llamada Barzoque, que sirvieron en la plaza fuerte de Rosas (España) a caballo de los siglos XVI y XVII. Dichas piezas son parte del botín de guerra que las tropas imperiales tomaron a los príncipes protestantes tras la derrota de la Liga de Esmalcalda en la batalla de Mühlberg en 1547. Este es un trabajo realizado básicament
Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy identyfikacji trzech dział artyleryjskich, które broniły twierdzy Rosas (Hiszpania) w XVI i XVII wieku, w tym armaty o nazwie Barzoque. Armaty te stanowiły część łupów wojennych, które wojska imperium hiszpańskiego zdobyły na książętach protestanckich po klęsce Związku Szmalkaldzkiego w bitwie pod Mühlbergiem w 1547 r. Niniejsza publikacja opiera się przede wszystkim na źródłach pierwotnych, w szczególności dwu dokumentach, znajdujących się w Archiwum Generalnym w Simancas, oraz niepublikowanym traktacie kapitana Diego de Prado y Tovar, który miał okazję przyjrzeć się dokładnie omawianym armatom podczas swojego pobytu w Rosas. Wykonane przezeń rysunki pozwalają precyzyjnie odtworzyć m.in. zdobienia na słynnej armacie o nazwie Barzoque.
This article identifies three pieces of artillery, especially the Barzoque that served in  defence of the fortress of Rosas (Spain) during the 16th and 17th centuries. The cannons are part of the spoils of war that Spanish imperial troops took from the protestant princes following the defeat of the Schmalkaldic League at the battle of Mühlberg in 1547. This article is based mainly on primary sources, especially two documents found in the General Archive of Simancas and the unpublished treatise of Captain Diego de Prado y Tovar, who saw the cannons on his visit to Rosas and whose drawings give a clear idea of the Barzoque’s mouldings.
Źródło:
Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2022, 70, 4; 123-136
0035-7707
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Litwa i Litwini jako integralna część Rzeczypospolitej w polskiej świadomości epoki nowożytnej (XVI–XVII w.)
Lithuania and the Lithuanians as an Integral Part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Awareness of the Poles of the Modern Era (XVI–XVII Centuries)
Autorzy:
Świderska-Włodarczyk, Urszula
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/901742.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Akademia Finansów i Biznesu Vistula
Tematy:
Litwa
Korona Polska
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
świadomość XVI–XVII w.
Lithuania
the Crown of Poland
the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
the awareness of the 16th–17th centuries
Opis:
W XVI i XVII w. Litwa i Litwini zajmowali istotne miejsce w staropolskiej świadomości. Świadczą o tym opinie ówczesnych intelektualistów. To oni w głównej mierze zabierali głos na poziomie teoretycznym. Te opinie pozostawały w zgodzie z opiniami szlacheckimi, choć cechowały się większym praktycyzmem i lakonicznością. Każda z nich potwierdzała tezę o podmiotowym wizerunku Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego i jego mieszkańców. Na kształt tego wizerunku składały się oceny o charakterze etnogenicznym, dynastycznym, politycznym, ustrojowym, patriotycznym, religijnym i kulturowym. Wszystkie one, mimo nieznacznych różnic, w zasadniczym kształcie pozostawały spójne i pozytywnie wartościowały obecność Litwy i jej mieszkańców w strukturze państwa. Pamiętano bowiem, że symbioza Korony i Litwy stanowiła warunek wartości nadrzędnej – potęgi Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów.
In the 16th and 17th centuries Lithuania and the Lithuanians played an important role in the Old Polish awareness. This is evidenced by the opinions of the intellectuals of that time. They mainly expressed their opnion at the theoretical level. These opinions were in line with the opinions of the nobility, although they were more practical and laconic. Each of them confi rmed the thesis about the subjective image of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and its inhabitants. The shape of this image was of ethnogenic, dynastic, political, patriotic, religious and cultural character. All of them, in spite of slight differences, basicly remained coherent, and positively evaluated the presence of Lithuania and its inhabitants in the structure of the state. It was remembered thow, that the symbiosis of the Crown and Lithuania was a condition of the supreme nature – namely the power of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Źródło:
Społeczeństwo i Polityka; 2019, 3(60); 63-74
1733-8050
Pojawia się w:
Społeczeństwo i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jedzenie jako symbol czterech żywiołów, czyli reminiscencje starożytnej teorii związku makro- i mikrokosmosu – na wybranych przykładach grafiki i malarstwa końca XVI i XVII wieku
Food as a symbol of the four elements – or reminiscences of the ancient theory of the relationship between the macrocosm and the microcosm – based on selected examples of prints and paintings dating from the late 16th and 17th centuries
Autorzy:
Moisan-Jablonski, Christine
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52802548.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy
Tematy:
cztery elementy
pożywienie
ikonografia
sztuka
XVI iXVII wiek
four elements
food
iconography
art
16th and 17th centuries
Opis:
In early-modern times, the structure of the world – which dates back to the roots of ancient philosophy – was basically defined using three concepts: matter, time and space. The world was made up of four elements: water, earth, fire and air. In his treatise entitled Iconology (or a collection of emblematical figures), first published in Rome in 1593, Cesare Ripa created an artistic canon of early-modern allegories. Even before Ripa’s publication, there was a tendency in the Netherlands to combine symbols of all the elements with the concept of food. In a series of four paintings by Joachim Beuckelaer, stalls with merchants have deliberately been placed in the foreground, and scenes from the gospels – depicting spiritual values – only appear in the background. The symbolism of In addition to the individual personifications of the elements, often identified with figures of ancient deities, the topic of the elements, in the art of the late 16th and 17th centuries, appears in the guise of a genre scene, a landscape with staffage, or a still life. Most frequently, food products, or activities related to obtaining food or preparing dishes, become symbols of the elements. However, the first impression that the high-flown theme of the four elements, which – as was still believed in the early days of the early-modern era – resided in the sublunar sphere, was reduced to trivial images of food, turns out to be deceptive. It should be remembered that, in accordance with the principle in force since ancient times, which emphasizes the inherent relationship of the macrocosm and microcosm, man is also made of the same elements as the matter from which the world is built. This is the principle that lay at the heart of Aristotle’s four-element theory (Latin qualitates), as well as the medical theories of Hippocrates, and later those of Galen, based on the relationship between the elements and the temperaments and their impact on the treatment process, in which the right choice of food played an important role. Ancient medical theories remained in force well into the 16th and 17th centuries. As can be seen, in the same period, depictions showing the elements in the form of food products, on which man feeds, were also popular. In reality, the above-mentioned paintings and prints also visualized, in a disguised manner, the idea of the ancient relationship between the macrocosm and the microcosm. the elements, combined with food, also appears in two paintings by Sebastian Stosskopff, and in a series of engravings by Jacques de Gheyn II. On individual plates (depicting air, earth, water), we see representatives of the three ages of man showing animals that have been hunted or caught. The woman, personifying fire, was portrayed as a cook holding a spit skewered with a bird and a hare, while a fish lies on the table next to her. In the case of the last plate, its meaning is more complex, and it is not devoid of erotic content since it refers to the metaphor of fire as a symbol of physical desire. Also of interest is a series of copperplate engravings depicting the Four Elements by Jeremias Falck made for the Parisian publisher Jean I Leblond. As we can see, the comments added to the series of engravings depicting the elements were often subordinated to the overriding idea – that of food. Falck’s Parisian series was used as a model by Johann Hoffmann. In the background of each plate, made for the publisher in Nuremberg, are scenes illustrating the acquisition of food. Whereas the series of landscapes engraved by Jan van de Velde II in 1622 shows a different way of presenting the elements with the use of various products.
Źródło:
Tabularium Historiae; 2019, 5; 57-78
2543-8433
Pojawia się w:
Tabularium Historiae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polish primers (textbooks for learning to read) of the 16th and 17th centuries.
Autorzy:
Siess-Krzyszkowski, Stanisław
Kisilowska-Szurmińska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52020754.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-09-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Dziennikarstwa, Informacji i Bibliologii
Tematy:
history of Polish printing in the 16th century
Polish primers of the 16th and 17th centuries
learning to read
catechism teachings
Opis:
From the 16th to the 18th, and in parish and village schools until the 19th century, reading was taught by the syllabication method known since antiquity, also known as the alphabetic method. Many of all textbooks were catechism teachings – hence their unambiguous confessional character. The two oldest known Polish reading textbooks were intended for followers of the Augsburg Confession. However, it is very likely that the first Polish primers, containing catechism teachings following Catholic doctrine, began to be printed in the 1520s. The article discusses all currently known editions of Polish script reading textbooks published in the 16th and 17th centuries.
Źródło:
Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi; 2024, 18, 2; 235-255
1897-0788
2544-8730
Pojawia się w:
Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Głos Syreniusza w sprawie wykorzystywania roślin w magii
The voice of Syrenius on the use of plants in magic
Autorzy:
Kowalczyk, Sabina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1597378.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Literackich PAN
Tematy:
zielnik
Szymon Syreniusz
XVI i XVII wiek
magia
ziołolecznictwo
herbarium
Simon Syrenius
16th and 17th centuries
magic
herbal medicine
Opis:
The subject of the article is “Zielnik herbarzem z języka łacińskiego zowią…” (In English: “Herbarium”) by Szymon Syreński, also known as Syrenius, published in 1613 by the printing house of Bazyli Skalski. The thoughts of the eminent Polish botanist and physician presented in this work concern two issues: the expression of the author's attitude towards plant witchcraft (love and protective magic) and the assessment of people (alchemists, witch doctors, traders) dealing with secret practices in which particular species were used. The theses of the author were discussed having taken into account the position of Renaissance medicine and the role of natural and demonic magic in the life of society at that time. The important context for the analyses conducted herein is also the presentation of the work of Syrenius juxtaposed with other literary texts and treatises from the 16th and 17th centuries, the authors of which dealt with similar issues (incl. “Czarownica powołana or Postępek prawa czartowskiego przeciw narodowi ludzkiemu”). The article is based on the researches of literary scholars, general and medicine historians as well as anthropologists.
Źródło:
Meluzyna. Dawna Literatura i Kultura; 2020, 1, 12; 17-31
2449-7339
Pojawia się w:
Meluzyna. Dawna Literatura i Kultura
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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