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    Wyświetlanie 1-26 z 26
    Tytuł:
    Self-Organization of Extreme Inequalities in a Competitive Society
    Autorzy:
    Odagaki, T.
    Ishifuku, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1029602.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-06
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    05.65.+b
    89.65.Gh
    Opis:
    On the basis of a random walk model, we investigate the self-organization of inequality in a model competitive society which consists of two kinds of individuals; one is warlike-challenging individuals who always try to fight and fight with the wealthiest or strongest neighbor, and the other is pacific-timid individuals who always try not to fight and when necessary fight with the poorest or weakest neighbor. When two individuals meet on a lattice site, they fight and the winner deprives a unit wealth from the loser keeping its position, where the winning odd is determined by a sigmoid function of the difference in their wealths. At the same time, the wealth or debt of individuals relaxes to zero at a constant rate when the wealth or debt is large. Using Monte Carlo simulation we determine states of social inequality in the entire parameter space spanned by the population density and the fraction of pacific-timid individuals in the population on the basis of the profile of the wealth distribution plotted against the ranking. We find an egalitarian state, and one normal inequal and three different extreme inequal states, the plutonomy, the gap inequality and the terrace inequality. In order to elucidate the origin of the self-organization, we investigate a model society consisting of individuals who have different moving strategies and no specific fighting strategy. It is concluded that the extreme inequalities are the consequence of the coexistence of different fighting strategies.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2018, 133, 6; 1459-1464
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Self-Organization of Plutonomy in a Fair Competitive Society
    Autorzy:
    Todate, Y.
    Fujie, R.
    Odagaki, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1398841.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-05
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    89.65.-s
    89.90.+n
    05.65.+b
    Opis:
    We investigate the origin of the emergence of the plutonomy, an extreme form of hierarchy, where the top 1% of households account for more wealth than the bottom 99%. For a model fair society where individuals participate in a competition with equal right, we show that the plutonomy can be self-organized when individuals divided into several groups compete with those in the same group for a certain period (season) and they are regrouped at the end of every season. In the fair society, the wealth flows steadily from lower groups to the highest group, which is the origin of the plutonomy. Using mean-field analysis, we show that the fraction of winners decreases in proportion to the inverse of the number of groups.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2016, 129, 5; 937-940
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Schiff Base
    Autorzy:
    Mihai, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1399716.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013-02
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    05.65.+b
    36.40.-c
    68.65.Ac
    Opis:
    The Schiff base is used for the first time in the preparation of gold nanoparticles by the interaction of tris (triphenylphosphinegold)oxonium tetrafloroborate in acetonitrile medium. The gold nanostructures were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The scanning electron microscopy allowed the examination of the morphology of the gold nanostructured film obtained by chemical deposition retains properties of individual particles and remain separated without undergoing aggregation.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2013, 123, 2; 254-255
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Identification of Insider Trading Using Network Numerical Models
    Autorzy:
    Jakimowicz, A.
    Baklarz, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1398883.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-05
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    89.65.Gh
    89.65.-s
    05.65.+b
    89.75.-k
    Opis:
    This article presents a network algorithm for identifying transactions which may constitute a violation of restricted periods, namely, making transactions in company shares by persons possessing inside information. The empirical research was performed on the basis of publicly available information on exchange trading, originating from the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The analysis is based on a numerical model which describes information spreading in a network with an information bottleneck. The applied method can confirm with high probability the use of inside information for carrying out unauthorized stock market transactions.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2016, 129, 5; 980-985
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Acoustic-Emission Study of Intermittency of Plastic Flow during Twinning and Dislocation Glide
    Autorzy:
    Shashkov, I.
    Lebedkina, T.
    Lebyodkin, M.
    Dobron, P.
    Chmelik, F.
    Kral, R.
    Parfenenko, K.
    Mathis, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1418404.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012-09
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    62.20.F-
    62.65.+k
    05.65.+b
    64.60.av
    Opis:
    Recent studies of plastic deformation with the aid of acoustic emission techniques proved an intermittent, scale-invariant character of plastic processes, as reflected in power-law statistical distributions. In some cases, the power-law exponents display close values leading to hypothesis of universality of scaling laws for various mechanisms of plasticity. Nevertheless, the accurate determination of the power law may be impeded by some sources of errors inevitable in real conditions, in particular, by superposition of individual acoustic emission events. In the present work, the sensitivity of the apparent statistics to the variation of the parameters of individualization of acoustic emission events is examined using Mg and Al based alloys. Both these alloys exhibit a highly cooperative character of plastic deformation, leading to strong acoustic activity which is governed by distinct microscopic mechanisms - mechanical twinning and the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect, respectively.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2012, 122, 3; 430-434
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Intermittency and Deformation Band Propagation in an Austenitic FeMnC TWIP Steel
    Autorzy:
    Lebyodkin, M.
    Lebedkina, T.
    Roth, A.
    Allain, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1418489.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012-09
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    62.20.F-
    81.70.-q
    05.65.+b
    62.65.+k
    Opis:
    Plastic deformation of austenitic FeMnC TWIP steels exhibits complex spatiotemporal patterns associated with the occurrence of deformation bands and the concomitant fluctuations of the deforming stress. Although the plastic instability is a generic property of these steels and is usually attributed to interaction of dislocations with solutes (the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect), both the kinematics of the deformation bands and the characteristic shape of stress serrations observed in the carbon-containing TWIP steel at room temperature manifest unusual features. The nature of these peculiarities and the mechanism of jerky flow in such steels are unclear. In the present work, an attempt is made to get an insight into the jerky flow in the Fe22Mn0.6C steel by studying the time series characterizing the evolution of plastic deformation at various scales: stress-time curves, local strain field, and acoustic emission accompanying the deformation processes. Stress and strain fluctuations related to two distinct scale ranges are detected and characterized.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2012, 122, 3; 478-481
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Classical Paths and Semiclassical Ghosts
    Autorzy:
    Haake, F.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1931270.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1994-04
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    03.65.Sq
    05.45.+b
    Opis:
    The semiclassical approximation for the quantum propagator of the kicked top is shown to involve not only classical periodic orbits but also complex generalizations thereof. Such ghost trajectories have complex actions S and thus contribute exponentially small terms as ħ → O. However, close to bifurcations ImS can be very small whereupon ghosts become quite visible.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 1994, 85, 4; 693-698
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Non Saturation of Energy in a Quantum Kicked Oscillator
    Autorzy:
    Daly, M. V.
    Hefernan, D. M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1945399.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1996-05
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    03.65.-w
    05.45.+b
    Opis:
    We present a quantum mapping for the kicked harmonic oscillator which relates the probability amplitudes of the undriven oscillator's eigenfunctions over successive kicks. We show how for various kick strengths the wave functions have a linear energy increase up to the limit imposed by the finite matrix size of the evolution matrix. We use this linear energy increase to define a quantum diffusion-like coefficient. We also show how this increase in energy causes the wave functions to spread out and become diffuse with little or no discernible structure. This model may serve as a paradigm for the study of quantum chaos.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 1996, 89, 5-6; 571-580
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Lattice Parameters of Aluminium Nitride in the Range 10-291 K
    Autorzy:
    Paszkowicz, W.
    Knapp, M.
    Podsiadło, S.
    Kamler, G.
    Pełka, J. B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2030706.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002-05
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    81.05.Je
    65.40.De
    65.60.+a
    65.40.-b
    Opis:
    Lattice parameters for aluminium nitride were determined using X-ray powder diffraction at a synchrotron radiation source (beamline B2, Hasylab/DESY, Hamburg) in the temperature range from 10 K to 291 K. The measurements were carried out using the Debye-Scherrer geometry. The relative change of both, a and c, on rising the temperature in the studied range (10-291 K) is about 0.03%. The results are compared with earlier laboratory data and theoretical predictions.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2002, 101, 5; 781-785
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Multispectral Laser Head for Terrain Identification and Analysis
    Autorzy:
    Mierczyk, Z.
    Zygmunt, M.
    Kaszczuk, M.
    Muzal, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1399385.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013-09
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    05.70.Ce
    65.40.G-
    42.62.-b
    Opis:
    The reflectance profilometer, constructed in Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, is an optoelectronic device based on the laser remote sensing technique, designed for use on unmanned aerial vehicles. The main task of the profilometer is to analyze the reflectance signals for laser radiation from the multispectral range: 850, 905, and 1550 nm. On the basis of the analysis the profilometer enables two fundamental functions: to define the shape of the ground and identify elements of terrain coverage, along with analysis of its physicochemical properties. The reflectance profilometer is a system based on a modern concept of measurement, allowing to obtain unique information about tested objects, whose measurements or detection are not possible by means of thermal imaging systems and systems operating in the visible range. The received information is visualized in 3D format, which allows for more accurate, precise and comprehensive way of analyzed area model presentation.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2013, 124, 3; 502-504
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Effect of Ammoxidation Process on $NO_2$ Sorption Abilities of Active Carbons
    Autorzy:
    Nowicki, P.
    Pietrzak, R.
    Dobkiewicz, M.
    Wachowska, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1536483.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010-09
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    81.05.-t
    81.05.Rm
    81.65.-b
    89.60.-k
    Opis:
    The paper presents results of a study on obtaining N-enriched active carbons from Polish brown coal and on their use as adsorbents for removal of pollution from gas phase. The crushed precursor was subjected to carbonisation at 500, 600 and 700°C in argon atmosphere. The chars obtained were activated by KOH at 800°C. The active carbons were further subjected to the ammoxidation at 350°C for 3 h, by a mixture of ammonia and air at the ratio of 1:3. The final products were microporous active carbons of well-developed surface area reaching to 2849 $m^2$/g and pore volume to 1.49 $cm^3$/g, showing mixed acid-base character of the surface. The results have shown that a suitable choice of the carbonisation, activation and ammoxidation procedures for brown coal can lead to obtaining activated carbons with high nitrogen dioxide adsorption ability, reaching from 16.9 to 36.4 mg $NO_2$/g.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2010, 118, 3; 493-499
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Asymmetry Induced Localization
    Autorzy:
    Kohler, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1399044.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013-12
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    05.30.-d
    03.65.Yz
    05.45.Mt
    73.23.-b
    Opis:
    We consider a two-level system, which couples via non-commuting operators to two independent oscillator baths. When the coupling is symmetric, the renormalized hopping matrix element is finite even for infinitely strong coupling strength. The two-level system is in a delocalized phase. For finite coupling strength a localization transition occurs for a critical asymmetry angle, which separates the localized from the delocalized phase. Using the method of flow equations we are able to monitor real time dynamics.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2013, 124, 6; 1053-1059
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Fidelity Decay in Chaotical and Random Systems
    Autorzy:
    Kohler, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1492437.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-12
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    05.30.-d
    03.65.Yz
    05.45.Mt
    73.23.-b
    Opis:
    Fidelity is the overlap of wave functions with the same initial state propagated in time by slightly different Hamiltonians. Its behavior depends crucially on the choice of the initial wave function state. We review two cases: first, the initial state is random. In this case a simple analytic relation with parametric spectral correlations can be established. The latter quantity is completely determined by the spectral data and can therefore be measured, without knowledge about the wave function. Second, the initial state is an eigenstate of the unperturbed system. In this case fidelity is identical to the survival probability. We find unexpected features like revival and non-ergodicity. In this case fluctuations around the mean are large and the full fidelity distribution becomes a non-trivial function. The full fidelity distribution can be calculated in the long time limit and for small perturbations.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2011, 120, 6A; A-119-A-126
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of Heating Rate on the Formation of Intermetallics during SHS Process
    Autorzy:
    Novák, P.
    Michalcová, A.
    Školáková, A.
    Průša, F.
    Kříž, J.
    Marek, I.
    Kubatík, T.
    Karlík, M.
    Haušild, P.
    Kopeček, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1402079.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-10
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    61.66.Dk
    65.40.-b
    61.05.cp
    Opis:
    Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis is a simple and efficient method for the synthesis of various compounds including ceramics and intermetallics. In this process, the compressed mixture of elemental or master alloy powders is ignited or heated to initiate the exothermic reactions leading to the formation of desired compounds. In order to control the process efficiently, the effect of several important parameters has to be determined in each applied alloy system. Previous results showed that those parameters are: initiation temperature, process duration, pressure used for compression and heating rate. This paper is devoted to the description and explanation of the effect of the heating rate on the formation of intermetallics during self-propagating high-temperature synthesis in Fe-Al and Ni-Ti systems. Differential thermal analysis of compressed powder mixtures under various heating conditions and microstructure observation of samples prepared by various heating rates using electric resistance heating and spark plasma sintering were carried out. The effect of heating rates on the formations of intermetallics in studied systems is discussed in this paper.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2015, 128, 4; 561-563
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Polycarbonate Polymer Surface Modification by Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Radiation
    Autorzy:
    Ahad, I.
    Budner, B.
    Korczyc, B.
    Fiedorowicz, H.
    Bartnik, A.
    Kostecki, J.
    Burdyńska, S.
    Brabazon, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1197673.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-04
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    81.05.Lg
    81.40.Wx
    81.16.Rf
    81.65.-b
    Opis:
    The degree of the biocompatibility of polycarbonate (PC) polymer used as biomaterial can be controlled by surface modification for various biomedical engineering applications. In the past, PC samples were treated by excimer laser for surface reorganization however associated process alteration of bulk properties is reported. Extreme ultraviolet radiation can be employed in order to avoid bulk material alteration due to its limited penetration. In this study, a 10 Hz laser-plasma EUV source based on a double-stream gas-puff target irradiated with a 3 ns and 0.8 J Nd:YAG laser pulse was used to irradiate PC samples. The PC samples were irradiated with different number of EUV shots. Pristine and EUV treated samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy for detailed morphological characterization of micropatterns introduced by the EUV irradiation. Associated chemical modifications were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Pronounced wall-type micro- and nanostructures appeared on the EUV modified surface resulting in a change of surface roughness and wettability.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2014, 125, 4; 924-928
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Hydrogen Release and Microstructure of $MgH_{2}$ Based Composite Powders Containing a Relevant Amount of $LaNi_{5}$
    Autorzy:
    Abazović, N.
    Aurora, A.
    Contini, V.
    Mancini, M.
    Montone, A.
    Vittori Antisari, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1538131.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010-05
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    61.05.cp
    61.82.Bg
    65.40.-b
    68.37.Hk
    Opis:
    Micro-composite materials based on $MgH_{2}$ with the addition of a relevant amount of $LaNi_{5}$ have been synthesized by reactive ball milling. The powder microstructure has been studied by a combination of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, while the decomposition behaviour and the hydrogen release properties have been obtained by differential thermal analysis and thermo-gravimetric measurements. Both temperature scans and constant temperature isotherms have been used to this purpose. Experimental results allow identifying optimum processing condition for synthesis of material that shows the onset of hydrogen release at temperatures as low as 450 K. The decomposition kinetics has been studied by isothermal measurements which show that the whole process cannot be described by just one mechanism limiting the reaction velocity. In fact in the first decomposition step the reaction is kinetically limited by the second phase nucleation, while, for partially decomposed samples the bulk diffusion appears to limit the process. On the basis of the experimental results we propose a mechanism of phase transformation where a percolating network of the two phases is formed.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2010, 117, 5; 841-848
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wear Behavior of Surface Treated X45MoCrV5-3-1 Tool Steel at Room and Elevated Temperatures
    Autorzy:
    Aktaş, G.
    Polat, Ş.
    Atapek, Ş.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1401330.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-04
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    81.05.Bx
    81.65.-b
    81.40.Pq
    81.70.-q
    Opis:
    The aim of this study is to compare the wear behavior of X45MoCrV5-3-1 tool steel, used as die material in aluminum extrusion, after single treatment (CrN coating) and duplex treatment (nitriding and CrN coating). Gas nitriding and physical vapor deposition were used as processing techniques and wear tests were carried out at both room and elevated temperatures. A "ball-on-disc" type tribometer was used for room temperature tests, utilizing Al₂O₃ ball as counterpart. In order to simulate the wear conditions during extrusion, hot wear tests were carried out at 450°C using "block-on-cylinder" type tribometer against AA 6080 material. Worn surfaces were studied by microscopy to reveal the wear characteristics of treated steels. It was found that (i) duplex treated steel, having higher friction coefficient at room and elevated temperature, had higher wear resistance, (ii) at room temperature single treated steel exhibited higher volume loss than the duplex treated one, (iii) at elevated temperature duplex treated steel revealed a stable coating layer, whereas micro cracks were observed on the surface of the single treated steel.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2015, 127, 4; 1221-1224
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Path Dependence in Neoclassical Economic Growth Theory
    Autorzy:
    Jakimowicz, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1388527.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-03
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    89.65.Gh
    89.75.-k
    05.45.-a
    07.89.+b
    Opis:
    Path dependence is a key feature of complex economic systems. It implies that history matters in the long-term evolution of markets and economies. Path dependence can be viewed as the dynamic version of positive feedback effects. This paper focuses on the nonlinear neoclassical economic growth model with the Cobb-Douglas production function, which accounts for problems related to pollutant emissions. It was found that only selected initial forms have a chance to develop. Present states depend on past states, even though the historical circumstances that had affected the past states may no longer be relevant. The choice among different histories may be a stochastic process. The understanding of economic growth suggested in this study stands in opposition to the neoclassical tradition based on equilibrium states or paths independent of the system's history. In contemporary economics, the idea of path dependence is most often used in studies on the high-tech industry, where the researchers are focused on such phenomena as innovation processes, monopolization, or the causes of ineffective technical solutions. The analysis of historical conditions is almost entirely carried out with the use of qualitative methods, since the subject of the research is non-formalized. In addition, the theoretical basis for conducting relevant empirical research is still missing. As a result of the development of complexity economics in recent years, numerous dynamic features of complex economic systems can be examined with the application of quantitative methods which, in effect, strengthens the bonds between theory and practice. Rare exceptions include path dependence relations. The aim of this article is to fill this gap and to create a theoretical basis for quantitative research on historical conditions in economics. This is a necessary condition for undertaking empirical research. The theoretical search started with the Keynesian model of the Samuelson-Hicks trade cycle, to demonstrate that conventional economics completely omits the most interesting path-dependence cases. It turns out that only the neoclassical model of economic growth, taking into account two power laws, provides appropriate dynamic characteristics for a full description of path dependence relations. Therefore, appropriate theoretical bases can be provided only by complexity economics. It may seem that, in this work, the dependence on history is restricted to two successive time steps in the case of the Samuelson-Hicks model and a single step in the neoclassical model of economic growth by Day. However, it examines an ordered path dependence, where events are chronologically ordered and the impact of earlier events on the later ones occurs through intermediary events. It should be remembered that events are constantly affected by environmental stimuli that are reflected not only in initial conditions, but also in the values of the parameters for all periods. Thus, it is not a case of short-term memory.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2015, 127, 3A; A-86-A-94
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modification of Polymer Substrates with Extreme Ultraviolet - Potential Application in Cancer Cell Identification
    Autorzy:
    Ahad, I.
    Pabijan, J.
    Pogoda, K.
    Hughes, C.
    Bartnik, A.
    Fiedorowicz, H.
    Lekka, M.
    Brabazon, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1030640.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-02
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    81.05.Lg
    81.40.Wx
    81.16.Rf
    81.65.-b
    Opis:
    During the last two decades, the development of laboratory scale extreme ultraviolet sources has been intensified due to growing interest in use of extreme ultraviolet photons for various applications in science and technology. In this study, we present a potential application of extreme ultraviolet sources for surface modification of polymers to be used as substrates for cancer cell identification. The surface modification of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymer samples was performed by a lab scale compact laser-plasma extreme ultraviolet source based on a double-stream gas-puff target. The gas target was irradiated with a 3 ns/0.8 J Nd:YAG laser pulse at 10 Hz. Reference HCV29 non-malignant transitional epithelium and T24 bladder cancer cells adhesion and proliferation studies on pure and extreme ultraviolet sources modified PTFE surfaces were performed. The extreme ultraviolet modified surfaces demonstrated regular increase in cancer cell proliferation comparing to pristine sample. Initial results indicate that extreme ultraviolet treated substrates can facilitate the identification of cancer cells.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2018, 133, 2; 283-285
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Optimization of Surface Properties of Shot Peened TI6AL4V Alloy
    Autorzy:
    Yıldıran, Y.
    Avcu, E.
    Sınmazçelik, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1401227.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-04
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    62.20.Qp
    81.65.-b
    81.05.Bx
    68.35.bd
    Opis:
    As an important surface treatment method, shot peening (SP) is widely used in automotive and aerospace industries in order to improve surface properties. In the present study SP was performed on the α-β titanium alloy Ti6Al4V under various parameters (particle impingement angle, particle acceleration pressure and particle size) by using a specially designed shot peening test rig. It is aimed to optimize surface roughness and hardness of the shot peened Ti6Al4V alloy under various parameters. In order to achieve this goal shot peened samples were investigated in detail by using a non-contact laser optical profilometer and surface hardness of the samples was measured by using a micro-hardness instrument. The surface roughness values, 3D surface morphologies and micro-hardness of the samples were obtained and examined. The results show that particle impingement angle, particle acceleration pressure and particle size dramatically affect the surface properties of the Ti6Al4V alloy.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2015, 127, 4; 984-986
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Extreme Ultraviolet Surface Modification of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) for Surface Structuring and Wettability Control
    Autorzy:
    Ahad, I.
    Fiedorowicz, H.
    Budner, B.
    Kaldonski, T.
    Vázquez, M.
    Bartnik, A.
    Brabazon, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1398827.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-02
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    81.05.Lg
    81.40.Wx
    81.16.Rf
    81.65.-b
    Opis:
    The surface modification of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer films has been performed by irradiation of extreme ultraviolet photons to investigate the effect of surface structuring on wettability control. For biomedical engineering applications, surface structuring and wettability control of PET films could enhance the polymer biocompatibility by promoting cell adhesion and consequently proliferation. The PET films are irradiated with laser plasma extreme ultraviolet source based on double stream gas puff target under different environments. The extreme ultraviolet modified PET film surfaces are characterized by atomic force microscopy and WCA goniometer. The extreme ultraviolet surface modification resulted in the formation of nano- and microstructuring on the polymer surfaces. The surface structuring consequently increased WCA making the PET surfaces more hydrophobic. The results demonstrate the direct relationship between surface roughness and hydrophobicity for extreme ultraviolet modified PET samples.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2016, 129, 2; 241-243
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of Thermal Oxidation Temperatures on the Structural and Morphological Properties of $MoO_3$ Thin Films
    Autorzy:
    Hojabri, A.
    Hajakbari, F.
    Emami Meibodi, A.
    Moghri Moazzen, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1399806.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013-02
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    61.05.cp
    68.37.Ps
    68.55.J-
    65.40.-b
    Opis:
    In this study, molybdenum (Mo) thin films have been deposited on Si substrate by dc magnetron sputtering. Then for preparation of $MoO_3$ thin films the thermal oxidation of Mo thin films under the oxygen flow was employed in the electrical furnace. The influence of the different thermal oxidation temperatures at 400, 600, 800 and 1000C on the structural and morphological properties of $MoO_3$ thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy, respectively. The results show that the crystallinity and surface morphology of the films are strongly dependent on the thermal oxidation temperatures.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2013, 123, 2; 307-308
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Carbon Monolith Surface Chemistry Influence on the Silver Deposit Amount and Crystallite Size
    Autorzy:
    Vukčević, M.
    Kalijadis, A.
    Jovanović, Z.
    Laušević, Z.
    Laušević, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1503488.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-08
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    81.05.U-
    81.65.-b
    68.35.Dv
    81.15.-z
    Opis:
    The surface of carbon monolith (CM) was chemically treated in order to obtain antibacterial filters with silver deposit for water treatment. The chemical treatment involved submerging the as-received CM in $HNO_{3},$ $KOH$ and $H_{2}O_{2}$ solution. The specific surface area was examined by $N_{2}$ adsorption. Silver deposition at the surface of CM samples was performed using cheap and simple procedure of immersing CM samples in aqueous solution of $AgNO_{3}$. Temperature programmed desorption method has been used in order to investigate the nature and thermal stability of surface oxygen groups before and after silver deposition. The composition and crystalinity of silver deposits have been examined by X-ray diffraction. Chemical treatment does not cause any drastic changes of CM specific surface area, but increases a total amount of surface oxides. Amount of deposited silver is several times higher for all chemically treated samples. The results show that increasing the amount of CO yielding groups on CM surface leads to increased amount of Ag deposit and decreases its crystallite sizes
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2011, 120, 2; 284-288
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Adiabatic Processes in Quantum Optics
    Autorzy:
    Stenholm, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2030475.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002-03
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    03.75.-b
    42.60.Da
    05.60.Gg
    03.65.Ge
    Opis:
    This paper reviews the use of adiabatic approximations in quantum optics.The general principle is explained in terms of the Landau-Zener model and the recently developed stimulated Raman adiabatic passage scheme. The features characteristic of adiabatic evolution are extracted from these examples. Our recent work on adiabatic level preparation and cavity mode transfer of excitation is presented and discussed.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2002, 101, 3; 425-435
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Study of Candidate Insulating Materials for Use in Shock Wave Switches
    Autorzy:
    Kolosenok, S.
    Altgilbers, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1807885.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009-06
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    77.22.Jp
    77.80.Fm
    77.84.Lf
    81.05.Qk
    81.05.Rm
    81.65.-b
    Opis:
    One challenge in high power switching is to have a compact switch, which can hold off high voltages and close rapidly at the proper time. Most high power switches are large or complicated, such as triggered spark gaps. Typical opening switches are also not compact and often have too long switching time. It has been shown previously that certain insulating materials undergo a drastic change in conductivity under shock loading. Using such a material could greatly reduce the size of a switch. We will report on our continuing studies of different candidate materials for shock wave switches.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2009, 115, 6; 1010-1012
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Aluminium Morphological Modification by Nitrogen-Argon Mixture PIII
    Autorzy:
    Muñoz-Castro, A.
    López-Callejas, R.
    Valencia Alvarado, R.
    Peña-Eguiluz, R.
    Mercado-Cabrera, A.
    Barocio, S.
    Rodríguez-Méndez, B.
    de la Piedad-Beneitez, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1504099.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-07
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    52.40.Hf
    52.77.Dq
    81.65.-b
    61.05.cp
    62.20.Qp
    68.37.Hk
    Opis:
    With incident fluences of ≈ $10^{12}$ atoms/$cm^2$ aluminium samples have been plasma immersion ion implanted with either pure nitrogen or argon/nitrogen mixtures at temperatures around 450°C. X-ray diffraction studies have validated the formation of the cubic phase of AlN, in samples treated with both the gas mixtures and pure nitrogen. Likewise, the presence of the hexagonal phase of AlN has been detected when either pure nitrogen or a 70%N/30%Ar mixture have been used. The signature peak of AlN has also been confirmed by the Raman spectroscopy. The maximal microhardness values were found in samples treated with the mixture. The maximal roughness was achieved with the equal part mixture in all cases, although increasing with the implantation pulse width up to a 300 nm peak at 150 μs. The latter critical value remains invariant under the pure nitrogen plasma treatment, provided that implantation periods in the order of 4.5 h are carried out.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2011, 120, 1; 167-170
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-26 z 26

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