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Tytuł:
Improving Unjust Laws Without Inviting Unjust Plans: The Case of Abortion for Fetal Anomaly
Autorzy:
Watt, Helen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2195325.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Tematy:
imperfect laws
unjust laws
complicity
harm reduction
abortion
Opis:
Some laws cannot yet be entirely abrogated in a current political situation, though permitting grave injustices against some individuals; for example, unborn and/or disabled individuals. In supporting the passing of new ‘imperfect’ laws that protect only some of those who now lack protection, do we ourselves discriminate unjustly against those remaining unprotected? Or does that depend on factors such as our intentions – including what we intend that others intend? How may we collaborate with colleagues who intend, and perhaps explicitly defend, the continuation of remaining, closely-related injustices, although they are willing to join us in trying to improve some aspects of the status quo? This paper explores the moral constraints on our attempts to extend the law’s protection to some, but not to all, of those individuals currently deprived of such protection and at risk of serious harm.
Źródło:
Logos i Ethos; 2020, 53, 1; 179-193
0867-8308
Pojawia się w:
Logos i Ethos
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Some applications of probability generating function based methods to statistical estimation
Autorzy:
Esquível, Manuel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/729678.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
probability generating function
empirical laws
estimation of parameters of continuous laws
Opis:
After recalling previous work on probability generating functions for real valued random variables we extend to these random variables uniform laws of large numbers and functional limit theorem for the empirical probability generating function. We present an application to the study of continuous laws, namely, estimation of parameters of Gaussian, gamma and uniform laws by means of a minimum contrast estimator that uses the empirical probability generating function of the sample. We test the procedure by simulation and we prove the consistency of the estimator.
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics; 2009, 29, 2; 131-153
1509-9423
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prawa rodziców w systemie oświaty
Parents’ Rights in Educational System
Autorzy:
Bielecki, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38908946.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
prawa dziecka
prawa rodziców
system edukacji
children laws
parental laws
educational system
Opis:
In the present paper attention is focused on several matters. First of all, the standpoint of some churches and confessional associations concerning the model of upbringing has been presented. All standpoints presented concentrate on assurance for parents and committees of the right to decide on the kind of upbringing which their child should receive. A similar standpoint has been presented by an employer in international law as well as in Polish legal system. Moreover, it has been noticed that there is some convergence in ecclesiastic and secular approaches in the matter concerning the ability of establishing private schools and sending children there.
Źródło:
Roczniki Wydziału Nauk Prawnych i Ekonomicznych KUL; 2007, 3, 1; 281-303
1896-6365
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Wydziału Nauk Prawnych i Ekonomicznych KUL
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Embedded Solitons and Conservation Law with $χ^{(2)}$ and $χ^{(3)}$ Nonlinear Susceptibilities
Autorzy:
Savescu, M.
Kara, A.
Kumar, S.
Krishnan, E.
Zaka Ullah, M.
Moshokoa, S.
Zhou, Qin
Biswas, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1398312.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-02
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
solitons
χ^{(2)}
conservation laws
Opis:
This paper studies embedded solitons that are confined to continuous spectrum, with $χ^{(2)}$ and $χ^{(3)}$ nonlinear susceptibilities. Bright and singular soliton solutions are obtained by the method of undetermined coefficients. Subsequently, the Lie symmetry analysis and mapping method retrieves additional solutions to the model such as shock waves, singular solitons, cnoidal waves, and several others. Finally, a conservation law for this model is secured through the Lie symmetry analysis.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2017, 131, 2; 297-303
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O możliwości zastosowania teorii prawa Zygmunta Ziembińskiego w rozstrzyganiu problemów bioetycznych
On the possibility of applying the theory of Zygmunt Ziembiński’s law in resolving the problems of bioethics
Autorzy:
Moniuszko, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/470730.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
Ziembiński
bioethics
laws
morality
pregnency
Opis:
The article looks at attempts to use the legal and moral concepts of Zygmunt Ziembiński in bioethical considerations. Assuming that law is determined by morality, the an example of an unborn child is used to examine how these combined factors can be applied in bioethics. According to the author, the most interesting aspects are the proposals formulated by Ziembiński. In his opinion, the liberal theory of Ziembiński’s law, which expands on the views of Maria Ossowska and Czeslaw Znamierowski, deserves special attention. In summing up, the author comes to the conclusion that the concept of Ziembiński’s law can find universal application in bioethics, thanks to its more than subjective practical applicability.
Źródło:
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae; 2013, 11, 2; 29-45
1733-1218
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Law-Secured Narratives of the Past in Poland in Light of International Human Rights Law Standards
Autorzy:
Gliszczyńska-Grabias, Aleksandra
Baranowska, Grażyna
Wójcik, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706672.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
laws affecting historical memory
memory laws
human rights law
European Court of Human Rights
Opis:
Given the whole spectrum of doubts and controversies that arise in discussions about laws affecting historical memory (and their subcategory of memory laws), the question of assessing them in the context of international standards of human rights protection – and in particular the European system of human rights protection – is often overlooked. Thus this article focuses on the implications and conditions for introducing memory laws in light of international human rights standards using selected examples of various types of recently-adopted Polish memory laws as case studies. The authors begin with a brief description of the phenomenon of memory laws and the most signifcant threats that they pose to the protection of international human rights standards. The following sections analyse selected Polish laws affecting historical memory vis-à-vis these standards. The analysis covers non-binding declaratory laws affecting historical memory, and acts that include criminal law sanctions. The article attempts to sketch the circumstances linking laws affecting historical memory with the human rights protection standards, including those entailed both in binding treaties and other instruments of international law.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2018, 38; 59-72
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Law of Military Occupation and the Role of de jure and de facto Sovereignty
Autorzy:
Nicolosi, Salvatore Fabio
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706875.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
military occupation
sovereignty
laws of war
Opis:
This article aims at defining the specific tenets of the doctrine of “military occupation” and assessing how it deals with the issue of “sovereignty,” looking at the problem from a historical perspective. Accordingly, after tracing the evolution of belligerent occupation as a legal institution of international law, attention is turned to the concepts of “effectiveness” and “temporariness” and the interplay between de jure and de facto sovereignty in the light of the “occupation zone model”, as it has been applied in the course of international practice. Against this background the article discusses the hypothesis that the codification of the “laws of war” and evolution of the doctrine of military occupation as a temporary and limited regime, whose final aim is to restore legitimate sovereignty over the occupied territory, constitutes a paradigm which could and should apply to various unlawful territorial situations today which have arisen as a result of a misapplication of the law of military occupation.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2011, 31; 165-187
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE CONCEPT OF MIRACLE AS AN “EXTRAORDINARY EVENT”
KONCEPCJA CUDU JAKO „ZDARZENIA NIEZWYKŁEGO”
Autorzy:
Świeżyński, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/488271.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
miracle
laws of nature
extraordinary event
laws of science
cud
prawa przyrody
zdarzenie niezwykłe
prawa przyrodnicze
Opis:
Zazwyczaj, najkrócej rzecz ujmując, określa się cud jako „niezwykłe zdarzenie spowodowane przez Boga”. Bliższa analiza pojęcia niezwykłości prowadzi do wyróżnienia dwóch innych cech cudu – ponadnaturalności i naukowej niewyjaśnialności. Wyodrębnienie i przedstawienie dwóch podstawowych charakterystyk zdarzenia cudownego (ponadnaturalność i naukowa niewyjaśnialność), które występują (choć nie zawsze w jednakowy sposób wyrażone) w definicjach i określeniach cudu proponowanych w literaturze przedmiotu, może posłużyć do wskazania zasadniczych kierunków, w których powinny być prowadzone dalsze analizy tytułowego zagadnienia. Warto także zasygnalizować główne problemy, jakie pojawiają się w związku z przyjęciem wspomnianych określeń. Problemy te dotyczą różnorodnej treści podkładanej pod poszczególne rozumienia cudu i dlatego wymagają ponownego przemyślenia istotnego znaczenia tego pojęcia. W trakcie analizy określenia cudu jako „zdarzenia niezwykłego” zamierzam więc uzasadnić twierdzenie, że cud jako zdarzenie niezwykłe” jest rozumiany na dwa sposoby: (1) jako zdarzenie ponadnaturalne i (2) jako zdarzenie naukowo niewyjaśnialne. Następnie będę starał się pokazać, że w przypadku (1) można mówić o zdarzeniu ponadnaturalnym jako o zdarzeniu cudownym tylko wtedy, gdy ma się na myśli to, że jest ono spowodowane ponadnaturalną przyczyną (za którą uznaje się Boga), a nie wtedy, gdy za ponadnaturalny uznaje się jego przebieg. Z kolei odnośnie do przypadku (2) proponuję przyjąć pogląd, że mówienie o naukowej niewyjaśnialności zdarzenia cudownego nie ma sensu, gdyż twierdzenie to jest konsekwencją rozumienia cudu jako pogwałcenia prawidłowości przyrody, a tego nie można wykazać (i nie ma takiej potrzeby). Można natomiast utrzymywać, że zdarzenie cudowne to takie zdarzenie, które musi być niewyjaśnione naukowo w momencie, gdy zachodzi.
It has been common for some time to think of a miracle as a special, an extraordinary event possessing a supernatural cause. Such a supernaturalistic account of miracles might be constructed with an eye to apologetic concerns, with the hope that the occurrence of a miracle might provide a defense for theism. The general strategy of such an apologetic appeal is to suggest that a miracle is an event that nature could not produce on its own. It is thought of as an event that is incapable of receiving a natural explanation. Thus the supernaturalist hopes that the occurrence of a miracle will point to the operation of a causal force from outside of nature, i.e. one that is supernatural. I am going to justify the proposition that the miracle as an “extraordinary event” is understood in two ways: (1) as a supernatural event and (2) as an event inexplicable by science. Then I will seek to show that in the case (1) we can talk about a supernatural event as a miraculous one, only when we mean the fact that it is caused by a supernatural cause (God) and not when we mean that the very event (the way it proceeds) is supernatural. And with respect to the case (2) I suggest the attitude that talking about the scientific inexplicability of a miraculous event doesn’t make sense, because it results from understanding the miracle as a violation of the laws of nature and that cannot be proven (and there is no need to do so). My concern is to show the liabilities of such an account of miracles, and to show how our concept of the miraculous may do without it.
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2012, 60, 2; 89-108
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Organization of budget accounting on the example of a public finance sector entity
Autorzy:
Klimaszewska, Emilia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194057.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
accounts
budget
finance
laws on accounting
Opis:
It is a legal obligation of legal persons and entities without legal personality to keep the accounts because of their functions: recording, controlling, settlement and providing information. Efficient accounting depends on good organization of work. The aim of this paper is to describe in a synthetic but comprehensive manner the basis of organization, the scope and procedures of budgetary accounting in the public finance sector units. The paper consists of three chapters. The first chapter presents some theoretical issues of accounting organization. It presents objectives, features, functions and scope of accounting. The specifics of accounting of public sector entities and the budget classification are presented there, too. The second chapter presents fundamental organizational components of accounting. Accounting policies, requirements and rules for documenting economic events are discussed. Organization of inventory and division of work in an accounting department are characterized. The third chapter presents an assessment of the way accounting is organized in a budget entity. A method of improvement of work was pointed out, involving computerization. Proper management was assessed in accounting policy. The author used reference literature from the field of accounting. The Internet was used as a source of knowledge. The text is based on the laws on accounting.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2015, 13; 95-130
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Upublicznienie dzienników urzędowych wydanych przez władze Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na uchodźstwie w latach 1939–1990 w kontekście obowiązującego porządku prawnego, z uwzględnieniem m.in. Konstytucji kwietniowej
Publication of Official Journals issued by Polish authorities in exile in 1939–1990 in the context of the current legal order (regarding the Polish Constitution of 1935)
Autorzy:
Górski, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2215734.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
authorities on exile
Journal of Laws
Opis:
The author presents historical a background and events which led to the existence of the Polish authorities on exile as well as publications of Polish legal acts during the World War II, in the post-war period and nowadays. The author claims that omitting the Polish legislation from the period of 1939–1945 in official journal proves an unjustifiable refuse to regard the legality of the Polish authorities in exile during those years. A solution to that issue has been given in the article. The Authors suggests that the Government Legislation Centre’s should publish legal acts from that period as well as subsequent acts issued by the Polish authorities in exile. In the author’s opinion these acts form a part of the Polish legal system.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2017, 2(54); 252-260
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Some remarks about the conception of executive power in the 1997 Polish Constitution
Autorzy:
Kruk, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43353688.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002-12-31
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
Polish Constitution
Enacting Laws
President
Goverment
Opis:
This text is about Polish Constitution from 1997 and the division of powers (legislature, executive, judiciary). Also, Executive system have got division on President and Prime Minister. Sometimes these divisions can involve conflicts, but they are necessary. In article author also make comparisons between polish and french political system. This article i san updated verion of a text published in: Instytucje współczesnego prawa administracyjnego. Księga jubileuszowa prof. Józefa Filipka, Kraków 2001.
Źródło:
Droit Polonais Contemporain; 2002, 125-132; 53-61
0070-7325
Pojawia się w:
Droit Polonais Contemporain
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Karaite Catechism in Brief by Moses Firkowicz: Selected Issues in Light of the Karaite Norms and Reality
Autorzy:
Klimova, Veronika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/44736604.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-10-24
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Religioznawcze
Tematy:
Karaite literature
Moses Firkowicz
religious laws
Opis:
Moses Firkowicz (1846–1918) descended from the famous Karaite family of Abraham Firkowicz. His ineage granted him access to many Karaite manuscripts and a natural disposition towards araite literature eventually leading to his appointment as the first director of the first Karaite National Library (Karai Bitikligi). In 1915 he published The Karaite Catechism in Brief (Rus. Караимский катихизис вкратце), a text written in the form of questions and answers which presumably had been used as a resource guide for Karaite life in the Melitopol community. It presents differences found between Karaites and Rabbanite Jews, discusses issues related to the concepts of prayer, worship, calendar of holidays and provides unique insight on Karaite rites of death. This paper will analyze The Karaite Catechism in Brief by Moses Firkowicz in the light of the theoretical laws of ’Adderet ’Eliyyahu by Elijah Bashyatchi and Royal Attire by Mordecai ben Nisan, as well as through cases in the journal The Karaite Life (Rus. Караимская жизнь) and in the archives of the Karaite Spiritual Consistory.
Źródło:
Przegląd Religioznawczy; 2022, 3/285; 187-199
1230-4379
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Religioznawczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modelling contact problems with friction in fault mechanics
Autorzy:
Bielski, W. R.
Telega, J. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/279581.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
fault mechanics
friction
contact laws
state variables
Opis:
The aim of this contribution is two-fold. First, we review the friction models applied in geophysics. These models cover: state- and rate-dependent friction, rate-dependent friction and slip-dependent friction. Second, we propose a new description in the spirit of modern contact mechanics, introducing sliding rules which interrelate the contact stresses with the slip velocity. Sliding rules are formulated in a subdifferential form. Initial-boudary value problems are formulated in the strong and variational forms. By applying Green's function, the variational formulation for finding normal and tangential contact stresses is proposed.
Modelowanie zagadnień kontaktowych z tarciem w mechanice uskoków geologicznych. Cel pracy jest dwojaki. Po pierwsze, omówiono modeletarcia stosowane w geofizyce. Modele te obejmują tarcie zależne od strun, prędkości i poślizgu. Po drugie, zaproponowano nowy opis tarcia w języku nowoczesnej mechaniki kontaktu, wprowadzając prawa poślizgu wiążące naprężenie poślizgu z prędkością poślizgu. Prawa poślizgu sformułowano w postaci subróżniczkowej. Zagadnienia początkowo-brzegowe sformułowano w postaci silnej i wariacyjnej. Stosując funkcję Greena zaproponowano sformułowanie wariacyjne pozwalające wyznaczyć normalne i styczne naprężenia kontaktowe.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2001, 39, 3; 475-505
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ciągłość państwa polskiego – publikacja dzienników urzędowych wydanych przez władze Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na uchodźstwie w latach 1939–1990
The light of the problem of continuity of the Polish State – publication of Official Journals issued by Polish authorities in exile in the years 1939–1990
Autorzy:
Jastrzębski, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2215755.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
Polish authorities in exile
Journal of Laws
Opis:
Polish authorities in exile issued legal acts which had been published in the “Journal of Laws of the Republic of Poland” and the “Monitor Polski”. The Official Gazette of the Republic of Poland”. However, contemporary legal acts are issued by those authorities in the form of annexes or selections of documents. According to the Author, publication of legislative achievements of state authorities in exile connects the system of a Polish State, which functioned in exile on the legal basis of Constitution of 23rd April 1935, with the contemporary legal system, thus it constitutes preservation of continuity of a Polish State.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2017, 2(54); 11-28
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
According to Special Relativity Einstein`s Evolution: from physics to philosophy
Autorzy:
Meneses, Ramiro Délio Borges de
Czarnecki, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050198.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
Special relativity
nature laws
Einstein
Lorentz
philosophical foundations
Opis:
The Theory of Relativity from Einstein starts from some everyday system of Cartesian space- coordinates plus a linear time-parameter, read from a good old grand-father’s clock. The theory then contemplates a group of certain homogeneous, linear transformations with constant coefficients, transformations which involve all four coordinates and which there is reason to interpret as going over the another inertial systems, that moves with constant translational velocity with respect to the first. In fact the very backbone of the theory is that all laws of nature shall be the same for every frame reached in this way, including the original one from which we started, there should be no difference or distinction in principle between all these inertial frames, any one of which can be reached from any other one by a transformation of that group a so called Lorentz-transformation. In short, all laws of nature are assumed to be invariant to Lorentz-transformation.
Źródło:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2020, 4(39); 59-78
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Plethon wobec tradycji teologicznej Greków
Pletho and tradition of ancient Greek theology
Autorzy:
Kujawa, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1806884.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-10-12
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Plethon
Laws
Byzantine philosophy
ancient tradition
Greek theology
Opis:
Byzantine philosopher Georgios Gemistos Pletho (1355–1452) is regarded as the first Philhellene who rejected Christianity and attempted to restore the pogan religion of Hellenic gods. In his last work Books of Laws (Νόμων συγγραφή) he presents his own system of theology based on ancient philosophy and Greek mythology. The aim of the paper is to outline some main features of Plethon’s theology and to show the influence of Greek tradition on it.
Źródło:
Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae; 2021, 31, 1; 107-127
0302-7384
Pojawia się w:
Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Argument and Performance: Alcibiades’ Behavior in the Symposium and Plato’s Analysis in the Laws
Argument and Performance: Alcibiades’ Behavior in the Symposium and Plato’s Analysis in the Laws
Autorzy:
Erler, Michael
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/633616.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Plato
Alcibiades
Symposium
Laws
knowledge
performance
argument
weakness
Opis:
Argument and literary form, and how they both relate to each other, are crucial aspects of any interpretation of the Platonic dialogues. Plato the author and Plato the philosopher always work hand in hand in that Plato the author tries to serve Plato the philosopher. It is, therefore, an appropriate principle for approaching the study of Plato’s philosophy to take into account the literary aspects of the dialogues and to ask how Plato’s literary art of writing could possibly support his philosophical message and, for instance, to consider what this relation means in the context of the debate about developementalism versus unitarianism in Plato’s philosophy. In the present paper , I argue that the performance of the characters plays an important role in this context. I discuss various passages in the Laws which analyse the weakness of the will and I compare what Plato says there with the performance of Alcibiades in the Symposium. I conclude that the passages in the Laws can be read as a kind of commentary on Alcibiades’ behavior and I consider what this relation means in the context of the debate about developementalism versus unitarianism in Plato’s philosophy.
Argument and literary form, and how they both relate to each other, are crucial aspects of any interpretation of the Platonic dialogues. Plato the author and Plato the philosopher always work hand in hand in that Plato the author tries to serve Plato the philosopher. It is, therefore, an appropriate principle for approaching the study of Plato’s philosophy to take into account the literary aspects of the dialogues and to ask how Plato’s literary art of writing could possibly support his philosophical message and, for instance, to consider what this relation means in the context of the debate about developementalism versus unitarianism in Plato’s philosophy. In the present paper , I argue that the performance of the characters plays an important role in this context. I discuss various passages in the Laws which analyse the weakness of the will and I compare what Plato says there with the performance of Alcibiades in the Symposium. I conclude that the passages in the Laws can be read as a kind of commentary on Alcibiades’ behavior and I consider what this relation means in the context of the debate about developementalism versus unitarianism in Plato’s philosophy
Źródło:
Peitho. Examina Antiqua; 2017, 8, 1; 213-224
2082-7539
Pojawia się w:
Peitho. Examina Antiqua
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Akzentuierungsmarker ukrainischer Adjektonyme aus typologischer Perspektive
The Accent Signs Ukrainian Adjectonyms from the Typological Point of View
Autorzy:
Gutsul, Larysa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/458723.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT – Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Oświatowe
Tematy:
adjectonyms
accentological laws
morphonological functions of the accents
Opis:
In the article, suggested peculiarities of the stress of Ukrainian adjectonyms are investigated, also from the multilateral point of view. The proposed article explores the morphonological functions of stress in adjectival word-formation. It is emphasized that with all its specificity the system of the accent of Ukrainian adjectonyms is subject to the main accentuation laws of Ukrainian language. It has been established that stress is the most important means by which a word is formed. Morphological accent origins consists in morphological derivativeness which is displayed in that derivative either preserves the base of producing word and him accentuation, or transforms them for some standard rules.
Źródło:
Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław; 2019, 16; 249-261
2084-3062
2657-5647
Pojawia się w:
Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
“Right to Truth” and Memory Laws: General Rules and Practical Implications
Autorzy:
Baranowska, Grażyna
Gliszczyńska-Grabias, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594538.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
right to truth
memory laws
Ukraine
Polska
Russia
Opis:
The “right to truth” relates to the obligation of the state to provide information about the circumstances surrounding serious violations of human rights. Despite its increasing recognition, the concept raises questions as to its scope and implementation as well as its existence as a free-standing right. Similarly, “memory laws” relate to the way states deal with their past. However, there are certain „memory laws” that, while officially serving as a guarantee for accessing historical truth, lead to its deformation. As a result, an “alternative” truth, based on the will of the legislators, is being imposed. In this article, the authors elaborate on the general nature of the new legal phenomenon of the „right to truth”, as a tool of transitional justice, in particular in the context of both providing and abusing historical truth by the legislators, through the instrument of “memory laws”.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2018, 1 (47); 97-109
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Plethona Zapis praw
Plethon’s Nómōn syngraphḗ
Autorzy:
Wesoły, Marian Andrzej
Jaworska-Wołoszyn, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/938337.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Byzantine Philosophy
Georgius Gemistus Plethon
Nómōn syngraphḗ
Laws
Opis:
After a very brief presentation of the most important facts concerning the life and writings of Georgius Gemistus Plethon, we shortly summarize the challenging content of his greatest and posthumously published opus entitled Nómōn syngraphḗ (commonly referred to as the Laws). While this paper offers the first Polish translation of this amazing work, the purpose of present article is to familiarize and promote Plethon’s fascinating treatise.
Źródło:
Peitho. Examina Antiqua; 2014, 5, 1; 301-320
2082-7539
Pojawia się w:
Peitho. Examina Antiqua
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Entre o Determinismo e o Indeterminismo: um caminho da física à filosofia
Between Determinism and Indeterminism: A Path from Physics to Philosophy
Autorzy:
Meneses, Ramiro Délio Borges De
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/485685.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
Determinism, Nature’s Laws and W. Heisenberg principle
Opis:
In this article, I explain the macroscopic aspect of the functions of Nature’s Laws that they are based on actual causality from n-physic structures. However, in the microscopic situation, the Nature’s Laws are statisticals and subjects sentences, that in metric and objective indeterminism of wave-particle duality in fieri are ground. Meanwhile, we propose the philosophical foundations of properties of Nature’s Laws and your epistemological discussion, according to the W. Heisenberg’s principles condition. The uncertainty principle describes limits imposed by nature on the precision of simultaneous measurements of the position and momentum of an object. Mathematically stated, if an object is said to be at a position x within an uncertainty of Δ ; then any simultaneous measurement of the x component of momentum must have an uncertainty Δ x consistent with: Δ x . Δ p x ~ h.
Źródło:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2017, 1(24); 13-32
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Contemporary Expressions of Personal Law: Co-Existence or Conflict with the Territorial Law?
Współczesne przejawy zasady osobowości prawa: współistnienie czy konflikt z zasadą terytorialności prawa?
Autorzy:
Izdebski, Hubert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1033338.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
osobowość prawa
terytorialność prawa
szariat
multicentryczność prawa
kolizja praw
personal laws
territorial law
shari’a
legal multivalence
conflict of laws
Opis:
The paper concerns the present role played in law-in-the-books and law in action as well by a very traditional law type, namely that of personal law. In spite of the dominating role that the other type, i.e. territorial law, has played in Western law for more than a thousand years, there are numerous contemporary expressions of the existence and application of personal laws. In particular, this is the case of the vivacity of traditional personal laws characteristic of non-Western legal traditions (above all shari’a), including attempts at their application in the Western environment. There are also various other examples of the recognition, at least in the practice, of personal laws in the Western law jurisdictions, which is indicated with the example of Polish law.
Opracowanie dotyczy obecnej roli, jaką w przepisach prawa i w praktyce jego stosowania odgrywa tradycyjna zasada osobowości prawa. Mimo dominacji, występującej od ponad tysiąclecia, zasady przeciwnej, tj. terytorialności prawa, napotkać można wiele współczesnych przejawów występowania i stosowania zasady osobowości prawa. Dotyczy to, w szczególności, żywotnych tradycyjnych praw osobowych charakterystycznych dla niezachodnich tradycji prawnych (w pierwszym rzędzie szariatu), w tym prób ich stosowania w otoczeniu zachodnich społeczeństw. Są także inne różne przykłady uznania, co najmniej w praktyce, przejawów osobowości prawa w państwach zachodnich, co jest wykazywane na przykładzie Polski.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica; 2021, 94; 141-152
0208-6069
2450-2782
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The dynamic model of a combat target homing system of an unmanned aerial vehicle
Dynamiczny model naprowadzania bojowego bezpilotowego aparatu latającego
Autorzy:
Koruba, Z.
Ładyżyńska-Kozdraś, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/279983.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
automatically steered aerial vehicle
control laws
controlled gyroscope
Opis:
The work presents the concept of the application of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) used in the process of direct reaching of ground targets (radio location stations, combat vehicles or even tanks). The kinematic model of UAV motion takes into consideration particular phases of the mission realised by the vessel, i.e. programmed flight during target search, follow flight after the encounter of the target as well as during the process of self directioning onto the target. Control laws for the automatic UAV combat pilot are presented and the dynamic model of automatically steered UAV is developed. In the examinations solutions of analytical mechanics for holonomic settings within the relative system tightly connected with the moving object are incorporated.
W pracy przedstawiona została koncepcja zastosowania bezpilotowego aparatu latającego (BAL) do bezpośredniego rażenia celów naziemnych (stacje radiolokacyjne, wozy bojowe czy też czołgi). Model kinematyczny ruchu BAL uwzględnia poszczególne etapy realizowanej przez aparat misji, tj. lot programowy podczas wyszukiwania celu, lot śledzący po wykryciu celu oraz lot podczas samonaprowadzania na cel. Przytoczono prawa sterowania dla pilota automatycznego bojowego BAL. Opracowany został dynamiczny model ruchu automatycznie sterowanego BAL przy zastosowaniu równań mechaniki analitycznej dla układów holonomicznych w układzie odniesienia sztywno związanym z poruszającym się obiektem.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2010, 48, 3; 551-566
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Global existence for strong solutions of viscous Burgers equation. (1) The bounded case
Autorzy:
Unterberger, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/206077.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
viscous Burgers equation
conservation laws
maximum principle
Schauder estimates
Opis:
We prove that the viscous Burgers equation (∂t−∆)u(t, x)+( u •∇)u(t, x) = g(t, x), (t, x) ∈ R+ × Rd (d ≥ 1) has a globally defined smooth solution in all dimensions provided the initial condition and the forcing term g are smooth and bounded together with their derivatives. Such solutions may have infinite energy. The proofdoes not rely on energy estimates, but on a combinationof the maximumprinciple and quantitative Schauder estimates. We obtain precise bounds on the sup norm of the solution and its derivatives, making it plain that there is no exponential increase in time. In particular, these bounds are time-independent if g is zero. To get a classical solution, it suffices to assume that the initial condition and the forcing term have bounded derivatives up to order two.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2017, 46, 2; 109-136
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of variational and fem methods to the modelling and numerical analysis of the slitting process for geometrical and physical nonlinearity
Autorzy:
Bohdal, Ł.
Kukiełka, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/279477.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
slitting
constitutive laws
modelling
numerical simulation
variational formulation
FEM
Opis:
Finite element modelling provides a great deal of support in the understanding of technological processes. However, there are few studies of the slitting process, and those that exist are simplified for use only in the calculation of steady states of such processes. This paper proposes the application of variational and finite element methods for the analysis of slitting and the nonlinearities of this process. Physical and mathematical models of the process and a new thermo-elastic/thermo-visco-plastic material model are elaborated. The procedure is implemented in the finite element code ANSYS/LS-DYNA and the model is validated comparing the numerical and experimental results. The influence of various process conditions on the strain and stress states and the quality of the final product are analysed. The results lay the groundwork for further study regarding the numerical analysis of spring-back behaviour and the effect of tool elasticity on the quality of the final workpiece.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2015, 53, 2; 487-500
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rescue archaeology in Russia at the turn of the 20th and 21st century
Autorzy:
Krenke, Nikolay
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/896971.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
rescue archaeology
Old Russian cities
archaeological monuments protection laws
Opis:
Rescue archaeology in Russia is full of contradictions. The apologetic approach to archaeology focuses solely on vast areas covered by excavations, discoveries and investments of millions. But the reality is more complex than that. This article addresses the transformations that took place in rescue archaeology in the 1980s, during “Perestroika”, and in particular in Moscow. Not everyone can withstand the temptation of money. Commercial interests have supplanted the Science in many cases, including that of Moscow. In the meantime, in many Old Russian cities (Pskov, Tver, Vladimir, etc.), the works were conducted in an exemplary manner, thanks to pre-existing traditions of research. Authorities’ demands to free land from the burden of archaeological heritage have led to shifting the focus of archaeological exploration now, identifying the boundaries of archaeological monuments became the key objective, a task that remains basically impossible, as said boundaries are of a purely formal nature. Excavations of empty spaces within archaeological sites have become typical for rescue archaeology and form modern “informational noise”. At the same time, archaeological research carried out on an unprecedented scale, even including the “empty” trenches, provide unique data on spatial and temporal structure of human activity, as exemplified by exploration of the Angara river banks during the construction of the Boguchany Dam.
Źródło:
Raport; 2017, 12; 213-220
2300-0511
Pojawia się w:
Raport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Judicial control of administrative activity and advantages of reorganization of the juridical system in the Republic of Kosovo
Autorzy:
Muçaj, Florent
Gruda, Përparim
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036632.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
control
administrative judicial
judicial reform
judicial reorganization
administrative laws
Opis:
Scientific research paper entitled “Judicial control of administrative activity and advantages of reorganization of the judicial system in the Republic of Kosovo” is treated with standard writing, including the introductory part and corresponding chapters. In the introductory part of the paper is emphasized the importance of the topic which is treated, with particular emphasis on the importance of judicial control in the Republic of Kosovo. This paper aims to achieve three main goals: Firstly, highlighting the importance and ways of functioning of judicial control in general, secondly, explication the method of treatment and the importance of the application of judicial control in the Republic of Kosovo and thirdly, highlighting the challenges of judicial control in the Republic of Kosovo, especially after the reorganization of the judicial system. The paper is structured as follows: introduction, general views on judicial control, including the importance of judicial control. Within the structure, important theses constitute those theses dedicated to administrative justice in the Republic of Kosovo, the legislative framework and judicial system reform in the Republic of Kosovo, including its impact on the functioning of the administrative judiciary. In the last part of the paper there are clear and consistent conclusions and significant recommendations relating to general views about judicial control, with particular emphasis on their practical implementation in the Republic of Kosovo and the way of adjustment with the reforms in the field of administrative justice which are at the beginnings of the implementation.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2016, 13; 66-88
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Key elements of the criminal law conflict system, with special reference to Spanish criminal law
Autorzy:
Obregón García, Antonio
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2206907.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-06-26
Wydawca:
Uczelnia Łazarskiego. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
Spanish Criminal Code
conflict of laws
conflict of rules
Opis:
Criminally relevant conduct often falls under several criminal precepts, regulating as many criminal notions as possible, and it is necessary to decide whether all, some or only one of them could be applicable. This phenomenon, termed ‘conflict’, occurs when a subject’s actions with criminal relevance are, wholly or partially, subsumed under different criminal precepts. To definitively classify the punishable act, it is then necessary to take a further step, which can be considered conclusive, and determine the precept or precepts applicable to the act. Hence, this paper analyses the meaning, content, and application of the conflict of laws and conflict of rules.
Źródło:
Ius Novum; 2023, 17, 3 ENG; 1-18
1897-5577
Pojawia się w:
Ius Novum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Research on the Flow of Material in Production Logistics
Autorzy:
Michlowicz, E.
Smolińska, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/409502.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Poznańska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Poznańskiej
Tematy:
flow of materials
laws of production logistics
lean methods
Opis:
The primary objective of production logistics, in accordance with the laws of 7R, is the supply of the right product, in the right quantity and condition, in the right place, at the right time, to the right customer, at the right price. Specific objectives may, however, be different: they may include improvement of flow continuity (e.g. Womack, Rother) or increased reliability and volume of deliveries (Nyhuis & Wiendhal). In his work, nyhuis, in order to analyse and formalise ongoing flow dependencies, suggests the application of nine laws of production logistics. The article includes a description of these nine critical laws of production logistics and the proposal of the author’s own algorithms for use in the quest to improve the continuity of flow.
Źródło:
Research in Logistics & Production; 2015, 5, 1; 21-31
2083-4942
2083-4950
Pojawia się w:
Research in Logistics & Production
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Attempts to Introduce Eugenic Legislation in the Second Polish Republic as Viewed from the Perspective of the Solutions Adopted in the United States of America
Autorzy:
Michalik, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/926104.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
eugenic legislation
Francis Galton
sterilization laws
Polish Eugenic Society
Opis:
In the first decades of the 20th century, broad recognition of Francis Galton’s eugenics resulted in the implementation of its demands in the form of eugenic legislation. Particularly drastic form of the latter were sterilization laws, first introduced in the US State of Indiana in 1907, and later in most of the other states, and during the interwar period, several European countries. Between 1934 and 1936 under the influence of the Western “achievements”, especially the German law of 1933, the failed attempts to introduce compulsory sterilization were also undertaken in the Second Polish Republic. When analyzing the regulations proposed by Leo Wernic, the president of the Polish Eugenic Society, it would be advisable to bring in the sterilization laws adopted and applied on a large scale in the United States of America. In the “homeland” of eugenics legislation, the model sterilization law had been already prepared in 1914, and the Supreme Court of the United States upheld its constitutionality in the notorious Buck v. Bell case in 1927.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa; 2011, 4; 109-116
2084-4115
2084-4131
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Civil Legal Regulation Features in the States Who Inhabited the Ancient Territory of Kazakhstan
Autorzy:
Amanbaevna Zhumabaeva, Aliya
Amanbaevich Smagulov, Ablay
Smagulovna Smagulova, Assyl
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2032372.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
ancient Kazakhstan
ancient legal systems
customary laws
nomads
Islam
Opis:
This article discusses the features of the regulation of civil legal in the states, who inhabited the ancient territory of Kazakhstan. The authors also noted the development of a legal framework for regulation of civil relations in these countries. The nomads who inhabited the territory of present-day Kazakhstan, anciently engage in economic, cultural and political relations with other nations, and in accordance with the provisions of the laws protecting the rights of individuals, and sometimes even the whole country, when there was a threat to its interests, thereby protecting the political system, the legal system of nomadic state. Ancient legal system, to regulate relations in the tribal society, giving rise to the modern civil law.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2013, 4; 198-207
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ludwik Silberstein o przyczynowości w przyrodzie
Ludwik Silberstein on the Causality in Nature
Autorzy:
Flin, Piotr
Stępień, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/691014.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
causality
determinism
indeterminism
laws of nature
philosophy of science
Opis:
In this paper we present the opinions of Ludwik Silberstein (1872-1948) on the question of causality in the scientific investigations. The discussion is based on the examples taken from physics and astronomy. Silberstein is convinced that the principle of causality is an important heuristic law, a different kind of law of nature (as, for example, Kepler’s laws or Ohm’s law).
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2011, 49; 138-148
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sztuczna inteligencja w prawie prywatnym międzynarodowym - wstępne rozważania
Artificial intelligence in private international law - initial considerations
Autorzy:
Świerczyński, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/782434.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
artificial intelligence
conflict of laws
smart contracts
ordre public
Opis:
The legal effects of the use of artificial intelligence algorithms need to be assessed not only at the level of national law, but also at the level of private international law. The initial point of assessment is to determine the law applicable to legal events related to artificial intelligence. The conflict of laws analysis of artificial intelligence also allows to expand the knowledge about traditional private international law institutions, such as ordre public clause. The paper does not pretend to fully explain the issue of conflict of laws of artificial intelligence. Its aim is to make a preliminary verification of the conflict-of-laws methods based of existing instruments. The study aims to start an academic discussion on artificial intelligence in the context of the conflicts of law. It is important as legal events related to artificial intelligence algorithms are characterized by considerable complexity.
Źródło:
Problemy Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego; 2019, 25; 27-41
1896-7604
2353-9852
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Eclipse of Religion and Freud’s “future of an illusion”
Autorzy:
Ferrarotti, Franco
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23587321.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-01-02
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
religion
sacred
Meta-human factor
market laws
church religion.
Opis:
The main contention of this paper is that, no matter whether one is a true believer or a professed atheist, religion remains a relevant social phenomenon. Serious scholars have written about an eclipse of the sacred in industrial societies through a sad confusion between «sacred» and «religious». The «religious» as a commodity administered by an organized church might well be in a state of crisis. But the «sacred» is actually the meta-human element that makes mankind exist and develop beyond the so-called «laws» of the market
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2024, 15, 29; 10-20
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Applicable Law Concerning Obligations Arising from the Infringements of Personal Data Laws Due to the Use of Artificial Intelligence Systems
Autorzy:
Świerczyński, Marek
Więckowski, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40263799.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
AI
personal data
data protection law
conflict-of-laws
Opis:
An issue that is characteristic of AI is data processing on a massive scale (giga data, Big Data). This issue is also important because of the proposition to require manufacturers to equip AI systems with a means to record information about the operation of the technology, in particular the type and magnitude of the risk posed by the technology and any negative effects that logging may have on the rights of others. Data gathering must be carried out in accordance with the applicable laws, particularly data protection laws and trade secret protection laws. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the applicable law in line with existing conflict-of-law regulations.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2023, 52, 1; 169-181
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Interpretation of the Law as the Basis for the Uniformity of the Supreme Court in Relation to a Cassation Appeal
Wykładnia prawa jako podstawa jednolitości orzecznictwa Sądu Najwyższego w odniesieniu do skargi kasacyjnej
Autorzy:
Siemińska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22744339.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-12
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Absolwentów i Przyjaciół Wydziału Prawa Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego
Tematy:
legal security
interpretation of laws
bezpieczeństwo prawne
wykładnia przepisów prawa
Opis:
Analyzing the achievements of Polish doctrine, the role of interpretation of the law seems to be underestimated, which is particularly evident in the laconic explanation by its representatives of the so-called “misinterpretation” as a basis for a cassation complaint. Meanwhile, the adoption by the legislator of the “incorrect interpretation” as the basis for lodging a cassation appeal proves the importance of the role of interpretation in the eyes of the legislator. The aim of the appeal in cassation is to ensure a uniform interpretation of the law, in which legal certainty is sought. However, according to a method and interpretation of the law which is commonly used abroad in Germany, for example, legal security is ensured not so much by the 201 uniformity of jurisprudence, but by the constitutionality of the judiciary’s decisions based on constitutional values which ensure the fairness of decisions.
Analizując dorobek polskiej doktryny, rola wykładni prawa wydaje się niedoceniana, co szczególnie widać przy lakonicznym wyjaśnianiu przez jej przedstawicieli tzw. „błędnej wykładni” jako podstawy skargi kasacyjnej. Tymczasem przyjęcie przez ustawodawcę „błędnej wykładni” za podstawę wniesienia skargi kasacyjnej świadczy o doniosłości roli wykładni w ujęciu ustawodawcy. Celem skargi kasacyjnej jest przy tym zapewnienie jednolitej wykładni prawa, w której upatruje się bezpieczeństwa prawnego. Tymczasem zgodnie z metodą i wykładnią prawa powszechnie stosowaną obecnie m.in. w Niemczech, bezpieczeństwo prawne jest zapewniane nie tyle przez jednolitość orzecznictwa, co przez oparcie rozstrzygnięć sędziowskich na wartościach konstytucyjnych, zapewniających sprawiedliwość orzeczeń.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Stowarzyszenia Absolwentów i Przyjaciół Wydziału Prawa Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego; 2020, 15, 17 (2); 185-201
2719-3128
2719-7336
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Stowarzyszenia Absolwentów i Przyjaciół Wydziału Prawa Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of changes introduced to the Polish election law in 2018 on the process of preparing and conducting elections
Autorzy:
Czapiewski, Tomasz
Miszczuk, Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1595982.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
local elections
election law
code of election laws
election official
Opis:
The aim of the paper was to explain the essence of the reform of the Polish election law, which took place in 2018. The changes were studied from the perspective of their impact on the process of organisation and preparation of elections. Therefore, four key elements of the reform were selected for analysis: institutional changes concerning commissioners and election officials, change in the position of local government units in the preparation and conduct of elections, live streaming of the work of district electoral Commissions (Obwodowa Komisja Wyborcza) and their appointing their members. The basic research method was the analysis of legal acts and expert interviews. The text highlights a number of problems and shortcomings related to the implementation of the reform. It was found that there are currently no institutions in Poland that have the resources to take over from local government units the tasks related to the preparation and organisation of elections. It was shown that many of the intended objectives of the reform were not achieved, either as a result of the amendments in the pre-election period or as a result of the interpretation aimed at maintaining the actual status quo despite legal changes. The latter phenomenon is the most visible in the institution of the electoral officer.
Źródło:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis; 2019, 27, 3; 53-78
2083-4373
2545-3181
Pojawia się w:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tiling by squares, Kirchhoff’s laws and a flow problem in the economy
Autorzy:
Maciuk, Arkadiusz
Smoluk, Antoni
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/421315.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
squarings
digraph
Kirchhoff’s laws
flow problem in the economy
Opis:
The problem of tiling by squares was formulated more than one hundred years ago and has been mostly regarded as an interesting mathematical issue in geometry, yet without any special practical associations. In addition to a historical outline of the problem, this paper demonstrates how Smith’s 1940 method using digraphs helps associate an issue linked to two-dimensional dissection or packaging with such economic problems as transportation network planning, researching linkages between suppliers and the like. We also discuss simple perfect squared rectangles whose relevant laws of nature are as yet unknown, according to the principle that elegant scientific structures sooner or later find their equivalents in the real world.
Źródło:
Didactics of Mathematics; 2017, 14(18); 33-44
1733-7941
Pojawia się w:
Didactics of Mathematics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Conservation Laws in Physics. Emmy Noether’s Theorem
Autorzy:
Manolea, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/412434.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
practical character of physics
conservation laws
Emmy Noerther’s Theorem
Opis:
The study is explanatory-interpretative and argues the practical character of Physics. It starts from premise that formation of a correct conception of the world begins with the understanding of physics. It is one of the earliest chapters of human knowledge, studying the material world from the microscopic level of the particles to the macroscopic level of the celestial body. As an example for the practical importance of applying the laws of physics take the set of physical laws of conservation, in particular, it explains the practical impact of Emmy Noether's Theorem.
Źródło:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy; 2014, 10; 55-61
2299-3843
Pojawia się w:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Liability for damages caused by artificial intelligence systems – main challenges to be addressed by the European Union conflict-of-laws regulations
Odpowiedzialność za szkody wyrządzone przez systemy sztucznej inteligencji – główne wyzwania, którym muszą sprostać przepisy kolizyjne Unii Europejskiej
Autorzy:
Świerczyński, Marek
Więckowski, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2234016.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Instytut Wymiaru Sprawiedliwości
Tematy:
liability
AI
torts
conflict of laws
odpowiedzialność
delikty
przepisy kolizyjne
Opis:
This article discusses the main challenges related to the liability for damages caused by artificial intelligence (AI) systems that need to be properly addressed by the European Union (EU) conflict-of-laws regime. In the first part of the paper authors point out three main challenges, namely: 1) determination of responsible persons, 2) optimal liability regime for AI torts, and 3) determination of high – risk AI systems. In the second part of the paper the authors assess the application of the conflict-of-law provisions of the Rome II Regulation from this perspective. This article argues that a harmonised legal framework at EU level is necessary to avoid the risk of legal fragmentation in filling the gaps created by unprecedented technological advances caused by AI. This objective should also be pursued by the conflict-of-laws rules of private international law.
W niniejszym artykule omówiono główne wyzwania związane z odpowiedzialnością za szkody wyrządzone przez systemy sztucznej inteligencji (AI), które należy odpowiednio uwzględnić w systemie kolizyjnym Unii Europejskiej. W pierwszej części artykułu autorzy wskazują na trzy główne wyzwania, a mianowicie: 1) określenie osób odpowiedzialnych, 2) optymalny reżim odpowiedzialności za delikty AI oraz 3) określenie systemów AI wysokiego ryzyka. W drugiej części artykułu autorzy dokonują oceny stosowania przepisów kolizyjnych rozporządzenia Rzym II z tej perspektywy. Argumentują, że zharmonizowane ramy prawne na szczeblu UE są niezbędne, aby uniknąć ryzyka rozdrobnienia prawnego w wypełnianiu luk powstałych w wyniku bezprecedensowego postępu technologicznego spowodowanego przez sztuczną inteligencję. Temu celowi powinny służyć również normy kolizyjne prawa prywatnego międzynarodowego.
Źródło:
Prawo w Działaniu; 2023, 54; 200-216
2084-1906
2657-4691
Pojawia się w:
Prawo w Działaniu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diagnostics and scaling of fusion-produced neutrons in PF experiments
Autorzy:
Schmidt, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146622.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
neutron emission
plasma focus
scaling laws
neutron diagnostics
nuclear fusion
Opis:
Neutrons from a plasma focus (PF) device operated in a deuterium gas, measured as a function of time, location and direction of emission, reveal quite a number of important parameters on fusion reactions occurring in the dense high-current phase of the experiment. In addition the determination of the energy spectra of the emitted neutrons is important for understanding the mechanisms taking place for the neutron production. Results of neutron measurements in large experiments such as the former POSEIDON experiment in Stuttgart and the PF-1000 experiment in Warsaw are presented. The neutron diagnostic methods that had been utilized include nuclear track detectors, plastic scintillators coupled to photomultipliers, activation measurements, time-of-flight methods as well as pinholes for spatial resolution of the neutron source. The well known scaling law according to which the neutron yield scales roughly as the square of the energy input or the fourth power of the current is discussed. Reasons for strong deviation from this law for high energies - known as the saturation effect - are still a subject of debate.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2011, 56, 2; 107-112
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Recent progress in 1 MJ Plasma-Focus research
Autorzy:
Scholz, M.
Karpiński, L.
Paduch, M.
Tomaszewski, K.
Miklaszewski, R.
Szydlowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147553.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
neutron emission
plasma focus
scaling laws
soft X-ray radiation
Opis:
The paper reports on actual operational characteristics of the PF-1000 facility and it presents results of the first neutron experiments performed with a new set of large Mather-type electrodes, which were designed for shots up to 1000 kJ. Dynamics of a current-sheath was studied by means of two high-speed streak cameras and a two-frame camera. The last one was used for the side-on observation of the pinch column. The high-speed streak pictures were taken side-on behind slits oriented in the radial or axial direction. On the basis of the pictures taken behind the radial slit, average values of the radial compression and expansion velocities were estimated. Time-resolved X-ray signals were measured with PIN diodes covered by different filters, and they were compared with other traces (voltage waveforms, dI/dt signals, and neutron-induced pulses) in order to determine their correlation. The total neutron yield (Ytot), i.e. the number of neutrons produced during a single discharge and emitted in various directions, was measured by means of several silver-activation detectors placed at different angles around the PF-1000 experimental chamber.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2001, 46, 1; 35-39
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Role of the Old Interlocutors in Platos Dialogue. A New Philosophical Meaning of Old Age
Autorzy:
Candiotto, Laura
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1046796.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Plato
old age
Parmenides
Laws
Plato’s political philosophy
paideia
Opis:
This paper highlights the platonic conception of old age as very different from the traditional one. In order to demostrate it, the Parmenides and the Laws will be analyzed as key texts to understand the new philosophical meaning of old age that finds his main characterization in connection with young age. The topic of old age will be discussed along with youth training and the birth of the philosopher as a “result” of a proper philosophical education. At length, well-educated youths will be able to become philosophers who, in turn, will evolve into masters of others.
Źródło:
Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae; 2014, 24, 2; 15-24
0302-7384
Pojawia się w:
Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Meeting Potential Parents-In-Law and Introducing a Partner to Own Parents: Prospective and Retrospective Studies
Autorzy:
Ciesielski, Paweł
Janowicz, Kamil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1707538.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-07-12
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
in-laws
family psychology
stress
in-depth interviews
qualitive studies
Opis:
Parents-in-law are an important part of adult relationships. Contact with them may affect satisfaction and marital success of a married couple. Previous research shows that amount of contact with in-laws, support given by them and conflicts with them have a significant impact on the life of a couple. Little research has explored relationships of parents and parents-in-law with a couple before marriage. Even less is known about the beginnings of these relationships. This research consists of two studies which explored the vision and memories of the first meetings of potential in-laws and parents as a couple. Study 1 (N1 = 34, age M = 23.40, SD = 2.32, Woman = 64.70% N1) asked the participants how they imagined those events, while evaluating stress accompanying them. The participants reported predictions of feeling stressed by both events, but also of excitement, having no expectations, being ashamed by their own parents or being trustful in parents’ behavior. Stress assessments of both events are inconclusive in establishing whether one of them is more stressful than the other. In Study 2 (N2 = 8, age M = 23.50, SD = 2.67, Woman = 62.50% N2) a sample of young adults was interviewed about their memories concerning situations of meeting their in-laws and introducing their partner to their own parents. The respondents recalled 37 features, of which experiencing stress and fear in both situations was common. All reflected on the way that the meeting happened and all but one described how they had prepared for it.
Źródło:
Roczniki Psychologiczne; 2021, 24, 1; 65-83
1507-7888
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Psychologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Negotiating the European Union Emission Trading Scheme: Re-constructing a Calculative Space for Carbon
Autorzy:
Lis, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929892.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-07-13
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
laws of the markets
construction
boundary-making
justification
European integration
Opis:
Re-organization of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme-the European carbon market-is a strategic moment when actors come onto the European arena to voice their claims, represent their interests, propose alternative policy solutions and open up controversies for a public debate. By problematizing rules of the carbon market, actors engage in re-drawing boundaries between economics and politics. This paper adopts a constructivist perspective on the studies of markets and examines strategies adopted by the European Commission and the European industrial federation to inscribe their interests into the ETS rules in 2008. Actors provided justifications for their alternative proposals of the European carbon market by constructing an objective market quality-the market efficiency.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2011, 174, 2; 217-234
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Światy indeterministyczne Franza-Serafina Exnera i Mariana Smoluchowskiego
Indeterministic worlds of Franz-Serafin Exner and Marian Smoluchowski
Autorzy:
Rodzeń, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/691138.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
laws of nature
chance
indeterminism
Franz-Serafin Exner
Marian Smoluchowski
Opis:
The paper presents philosophical views which have been propagated in the first decade of the 20th-century by Austrian experimental physicist Franz-Serafin Exner (1846-1926). According to Exner all apparently deterministic laws are only a kind of the macroscopic limit of the indeterministic random events and processes in nature. The paper attempts to show whether Exner’s ideas have influenced the views on randomness and probability developed by renowned Polish physicist Marian Smoluchowski (1872-1917) who belonged to informal circle of Exner’s students and assistants (so-called Exner-Kreis).
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2017, 62; 73-98
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Special Relativity: from metric to philosophy
Autorzy:
Borges Meneses, Ramiro Délio
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2158857.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
Special relativity
nature laws
Einstein
and Lorentz
and philosophical foundations.
Opis:
The Theory of Relativity from Einstein starts from some everyday system of Cartesian space- coordinates plus a linear time-parameter, read from a good old grand-father’s clock. The theory then contemplates a group of certain homogeneous, linear transformations with constant coefficients, transformations which involve all four coordinates and which there is reason to interpret as going over the another inertial systems, that moves with constant translational velocity with respect to the first. In fact the very backbone of the theory is that all laws of nature shall be the same for every frame reached in this way, including the original one from which we started, there should be no difference or distinction in principle between all these inertial frames, any one of which can be reached from any other one by a transformation of that group a so called Lorentz-transformation. In short, all laws of nature are assumed to be invariant to Lorentz- transformation.
Źródło:
Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2016, 2(15); 5-24
1730-0266
Pojawia się w:
Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Religijnie motywowana odmowa świadczenia usług w świetle koncepcji doux commerce
Autorzy:
Sójka, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2134430.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-05-11
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Religioznawcze
Tematy:
discrimination
anti-discrimination laws
doux commerce
religious objectors
market morality
Opis:
The well-known cases of religiously motivated refusal to serve customers deserve a thorough analysis as they pose a serious challenge to liberal-democratic values, the rule of law, and freedom in economic affairs. Are they examples of legitimate expression of religious conscience or just acts of discrimination which are forbidden by law? If the latter, how swift should be a reaction of the state by applying sanctions provided by anti-discrimination laws? How the state through its laws should shape the relationship between religion and commerce? To answer these questions the Enlightenment concept of doux commerce will be debated since this idea entails an assumption that markets promote interactions among strangers and thus can facilitate peaceful cooperation in a pluralistic society. In particular, large part of this article will be dedicated to the recent analyses of this concept advanced by Nathan B. Oman. He underlined the moral significance of markets which train people to interact on the basis of personal detachment and art of putting unsolvable issues aside.
Źródło:
Przegląd Religioznawczy; 2019, 4/274
1230-4379
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Religioznawczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optimization of consumer preferences – an example
Autorzy:
Fura, Barbara
Fura, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/421268.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
consumer preferences
theory of consumer choice
Gossen’s laws
Lagrange multipliers
Opis:
In the article we discuss a standard example of an optimization problem. In our problem we are optimizing the objective function, i.e. a consumer utility function with two variables representing quantities of two commodities denoted by x1 and x2. We consider the standard optimization problem in which we maximize the defined utility function subject to a budget constraint. More precisely, the problem is to choose quantities of two commodities 1st and 2nd, in order to maximize u(x1, x2) function subject to the budget constraint. The aim of the article is to present how we can exemplify and solve this kind of problems in a classroom. In the paper we suggest four methods of finding the solution. The first one is based on the graphical interpretation of the problem. Based on this we can get the approximate solution of the defined optimization problem. Then, we present an algebraic approach to find the optimum solution of the given problem. In the first method we use the budget constraint to transform the utility function of two variables into the function of one variable. The second algebraic method of achieving the solution is based on the second Goosen’s law, which is known as the law of marginal utility theory. In the third algebraic method applied to find the maximum of the utility function, we use the Lagrange multipliers. The text emphasizes the educational aspect of the theory of consumer choice.
Źródło:
Didactics of Mathematics; 2015, 12(16); 61-68
1733-7941
Pojawia się w:
Didactics of Mathematics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Udział obywateli w tworzeniu prawa w wybranych gminach województwa śląskiego
Participation of citizens in the creation of law in some municipalities Silesia
Autorzy:
Fleszer, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/443889.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Humanitas
Tematy:
legislacja
tworzenie prawa lokalnego
samorząd terytorialny
legislation
create local laws
municipalities
Opis:
Od władz samorządu terytorialnego oczekuje się działań mających zintegrować społeczność lokalną, podnieść jej świadomość istoty spraw wspólnych i pobudzić odpowiedzialność za sposób ich realizacji. Ale bez inicjatywy i chęci działania samych mieszkańców nawet najlepiej zorganizowane przedsięwzięcia nie zakończą się sukcesem. Mieszkańcy swoją własną aktywnością, zaangażowaniem, zainteresowaniem sprawami ich dotyczącymi gwarantują powstanie i rozwój społeczeństwa obywatelskiego. Jedną z jej form jest możliwość inicjatywy uchwałodawczej mieszkańców. Stanowi ona odpowiednik inicjatywy ustawodawczej, ale realizowanej na szczeblu jednostki samorządu terytorialnego. Zapewnia ona wpływ, wprawdzie pośredni, na kształt prawa miejscowego.
Since local government authorities are expected to undertake activities aimed at integrating the local community, raising its awareness of the essence of common issues, and stimulating responsibility for the way they are implemented. But without citizens’ initiative and willingness to act, even the best-organized undertakings will be unsuccessful. With citizens’ own activity, commitment, and interest in issues concerning them they guarantee establishment and development of civil society. One of its forms is the possibility to adopt resolutions by citizens. It is the equivalent of the legislative initiative, but implemented at the level of local government units. It has influence, although indirect, on the shape the local law.
Źródło:
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa; 2016, 16/2; 133-147
1644-9126
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-50 z 258

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