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    Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14
    Tytuł:
    Investigations on water circulation in animal sea-water basins – on the example of seals’ breeding pools
    Autorzy:
    Zima, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259209.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    circulation of water in animal breeding pool
    water flow through the pools
    computer simulation
    Opis:
    This paper presents general comments concerning investigations on water circulation in animal breeding pools containing sea water. As an example are given results of computer simulation of water circulation in seals’ breeding pools situated in Marine Station at Hel, belonging to Oceanographic Institute , Gdansk University. A mathematical model of three main pools was prepared with taking into account their inflow and outflow water supply points. Next, the object indication ( tracer) tests were done with the use of mathematical modelling as well as in-situ measurements. For description of flow field in steady conditions a simplified model of 2D flow in the form of Helmholtz biharmonic equation of stream function , recalculated then into velocity vector components, was used. The equation , supplemented with appropriate boundary conditions , was solved numerically by using the finite differences method. The spreading of a substance dissolved in water (tracer) was analyzed by solving 2D equation of transient advecting - dispersing transport. To solve it the finite volumes method was applied. The applied model was verified by conducting the indication tests with the use of the rhodamine WT as a tracer. The obtained results made it possible to reconstruct water circulation within the seals’ pools and identify stagnation zones in which water circulation may be made difficult.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2017, S 1; 224-229
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Simulation of residence time distribution and mixing in reactors with recirculation using 2D approach
    Autorzy:
    Zima, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1934023.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska
    Tematy:
    mathematical modeling
    residence time distribution
    reactors with recirculation
    2D approach
    Opis:
    In this paper, we propose a 2D approach in order to create a mathematical model for the determination of the residence time distribution for a flow reactor with recirculation. Apart from characterizing the functional residence time distribution, this model can help improve the operation of the reactor at the design stage. The mathematical model was validated by comparison with experiments carried out in a hydraulic laboratory.
    Źródło:
    TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk; 2011, 15, 3-4; 297-315
    1428-6394
    Pojawia się w:
    TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Approximated boundary conditions of the equation of diffusion
    Autorzy:
    Zima, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241388.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Budownictwa Wodnego PAN
    Opis:
    The paper focuses on boundary conditions in mathematical physics equations. These equations describe the processes of pollutants' migration. The emphasis is put on the influence of boundary conditions' approximation on the solution of one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation. Analytical and numerical solutions were used as a basis for the theoretical consideration. The research included the following methods: `distant boundary' method, rejection of diffusion flux in the boundary profile, rejection of `the near field' and solution of mass or energy balance equation. The research afforded possibilities for quantitative and qualitative identification of the influence of boundary conditions' approximation methods on the equation solution inside domain. The derived formulas made it possible to estimate the margin of error introduced by the simplified method. The formulas were presented in the form of nomograms.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics; 2002, 49, 2; 71-95
    1231-3726
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Two-dimensional vertical analysis of dam-break flow
    Autorzy:
    Zima, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933149.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska
    Tematy:
    mathematical modeling
    Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations
    rapidly varied free surface flow
    dam-break flow
    Opis:
    The paper concerns mathematical modeling of free surface open-channel water flow. Two-dimensional vertical Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations were used to simulate the flow. They were solved with the SIMPLE algorithm of the finite difference method using the Marker and Cell technique to trace free surface movement. The dam-break flow (water column collapse) problem on a horizontal and frictionless bottom was investigated as a test case. The mechanics of dam-break flow for wet and dry bed conditions was analyzed on the basis of numerical simulations. The obtained results are shown for varying head of water in the downstream channel. The possibility of using the shallow-water equations and the RANS model to simulate rapidly varied flows is discussed.
    Źródło:
    TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk; 2007, 11, 4; 315-328
    1428-6394
    Pojawia się w:
    TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The CFD modeling in bioreactor tracer studies
    Autorzy:
    Zima, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933153.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska
    Tematy:
    mathematical modeling
    pollutant migration
    reactor hydraulics
    advection-dispersion equation
    tracer studies
    Opis:
    This paper presents the effects of dispersion on predicting longitudinal tracer concentration profiles in an activated sludge bioreactor located at the Wschód Waste-Water Treatment Plant in Gdansk. The aim of this study has been to use the one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation to simulate a non-active substance flow (based on the measured tracer concentration). The simulation results were compared with those obtained in the traditional tanks-in-series approach, commonly used in designing biological reactors. The dispersion coefficient was calculated from a statistical formula based on differences in the tracer concentration distributions at two sampling points. The study has shown that the numerical simulation using the one-dimensional tracer migration equation yields better results than the tanks-in-series model in predicting longitudinal tracer concentration profiles. This paper is an in-troduction to the study of reactive substances in activated sludge bioreactors.
    Źródło:
    TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk; 2007, 11, 4; 439-447
    1428-6394
    Pojawia się w:
    TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modeling of the two-dimensional flow caused by sea conditions and wind stresses on the example of Dead Vistula
    Autorzy:
    Zima, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258456.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    two-dimensional model of flow
    bi-harmonic Helmholtz equation
    hydrodynamics of water flow
    Opis:
    The article presents the results of two-dimensional modeling of flows caused by the sea conditions and wind stresses on the example of Dead Vistula. Based on the available bathymetric data, a numerical model of the river section was created, which was supplemented with data on the position of the water table depending on hydrometeorological conditions. To describe the flow field in steady conditions, a simplified model of two-dimensional flow in the form of the bi-harmonic Helmholtz equation for the current function has been adopted, taking into account additional impacts caused by wind stresses on the water surface. Then the current function was converted into the velocity vector components. This equation, supplemented with appropriate boundary conditions, has been solved numerically using the finite difference method. On the basis of the available literature, 4 variants of hydrometeorological conditions were adopted, depending on the direction and strength of wind and sea conditions. The obtained results were compared with the results of published measurements taken on the studied section of the river. These calculations were the basis for the implementation of a two-dimensional model of the spread of pollutants in the studied section of the Dead Vistula.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2018, S 1; 166-171
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Numerical Simulations and Tracer Studies as a Tool to Support Water Circulation Modeling in Breeding Reservoirs
    Autorzy:
    Zima, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241289.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Budownictwa Wodnego PAN
    Tematy:
    breeding reservoir hydraulics
    water circulation
    tracer study
    mathematical modeling
    kinematics models
    Opis:
    The article presents a proposal of a method for computer-aided design and analysis of breeding reservoirs in zoos and aquariums. The method applied involves the use of computer simulations of water circulation in breeding pools. A mathematical model of a pool was developed, and a tracer study was carried out. A simplified model of two-dimensional flow in the form of a biharmonic equation for the stream function (converted into components of the velocity vector) was adopted to describe the flow field. This equation, supplemented by appropriate boundary conditions, was solved numerically by the finite difference method. Next, a tracer migration equation was solved, which was a two-dimensional advection-dispersion equation describing the unsteady transport of a non-active, permanent solute. In order to obtain a proper solution, a tracer study (with rhodamine WT as a tracer) was conducted in situ. The results of these measurements were compared with numerical solutions obtained. The results of numerical simulations made it possible to reconstruct water circulation in the breading pool and to identify still water zones, where water circulation was impeded.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics; 2014, 61, 3-4; 217--229
    1231-3726
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A Comparison of Simplified Two-dimensional Flow Models Exemplified by Water Flow in a Cavern
    Autorzy:
    Prybytak, D.
    Zima, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241287.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Budownictwa Wodnego PAN
    Tematy:
    potential flow
    Stokes flow
    Navier-Stokes flow
    BEM
    OpenFOAM
    Opis:
    The paper shows the results of a comparison of simplified models describing a two-dimensional water flow in the example of a water flow through a straight channel sector with a cavern. The following models were tested: the two-dimensional potential flow model, the Stokes model and the Navier-Stokes model. In order to solve the first two, the boundary element method was employed, whereas to solve the Navier-Stokes equations, the open-source code library OpenFOAM was applied. The results of numerical solutions were compared with the results of measurements carried out on a test stand in a hydraulic laboratory. The measurements were taken with an ADV probe (Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter). Finally, differences between the results obtained from the mathematical models and the results of laboratory measurements were analysed.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics; 2017, 64, 3-4; 141-154
    1231-3726
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Two-dimensional vertical Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations versus one-dimensional Saint-Venant model for rapidly varied open channel water flow modelling
    Autorzy:
    Szydłowski, M.
    Zima, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241158.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Budownictwa Wodnego PAN
    Tematy:
    mathematical modelling
    Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations
    Saint-Venant equations
    free surface flow
    rapidly varied flow
    dam-break problem
    Opis:
    The paper concerns mathematical modelling of free surface open channel water flow. In order to simulate the flow two models are used -- two-dimensional vertical Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations and one-dimensional Saint-Venant equations. The former is solved with SIPMLE algorithm of finite difference method using Marker and Cell technique to trace a free surface movement. The latter is solved using the finite volume method. The dam-break (water column collapse) problem on horizontal bottom is investigated as a test case. The calculated results are compared with each other. The numerical simulations are examined against laboratory experiment presented by Koshizuka et al (1995). The possibility of using the described models to simulate rapidly varied flow is discussed.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics; 2006, 53, 4; 295-309
    1231-3726
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Hydropower potential of the lower Vistula
    Potencjał hydroenergetyczny dolnej Wisły
    Autorzy:
    Szydłowski, M.
    Gąsiorowski, D.
    Szymkiewicz, R.
    Zima, P.
    Hakiel, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/397485.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    ENERGA
    Tematy:
    hydropower potential
    cascade of dams
    lower Vistula
    energy production
    potencjał hydroenergetyczny
    kaskada stopni wodnych
    dolna Wisła
    produkcja energii
    Opis:
    This paper presents an estimate analysis of the hydropower potential of the lower Vistula River from Warsaw to Gdańsk Bay. The calculations were made for a hydraulic model of the lower Vistula which takes into account potential development of barrages in a cascade system. Results obtained from the model simulations and from hydrological calculations were used to estimate the power of hydropower plants and the average annual energy output from the entire cascade system. The results of calculations indicate significant energy benefits resulting from the development of a cascade of hydropower plants in the lower Vistula. This study does not discuss the cascade project’s economic viability or other aspects of its development (inland waterways, flood control, etc.).
    W artykule przedstawiono szacunkową analizę potencjału hydroenergetycznego dolnej Wisły na odcinku od Warszawy do Zatoki Gdańskiej. Obliczenia wykonano, przyjmując model hydrauliczny dolnej Wisły, w którym uwzględniono potencjalną zabudowę stopniami wodnymi pracującymi w układzie kaskady zwartej. Uzyskane wyniki symulacji z modelu wraz z przeprowadzonymi obliczeniami hydrologicznymi posłużyły do oszacowania mocy elektrowni wodnych oraz średniej rocznej produkcji energii całego układu kaskady. Otrzymane wyniki obliczeń wskazują na znaczące korzyści energetyczne wynikające z budowy kaskady elektrowni wodnych na dolnej Wiśle. W pracy nie podjęto ekonomicznej kwestii opłacalności wykonania analizowanej kaskady, jak również innych aspektów istnienia kaskady (żegluga śródlądowa, ochrona przeciwpowodziowa i inne).
    Źródło:
    Acta Energetica; 2015, 1; 18-32
    2300-3022
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Energetica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Whirling System of Water Exchange in Breeding Pools
    Autorzy:
    Matej, K.
    Pawliczka, I.
    Sawicki, J. M.
    Wielgat, P.
    Zima, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241520.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Budownictwa Wodnego PAN
    Tematy:
    sea mammal breeding
    sealarium
    water circulation
    breeding pools
    Opis:
    To create proper living conditions for sea mammals kept in closed systems, one has to make sure that the characteristics of breeding pools, such as their shape, dimensions, the facing of the walls and bottom, as well as the quality and motion of water, resemble as closely as possible the natural environment of the animals. An appropriate system of water exchange plays a very important role here. A complete exchange of water is time-consuming, expensive and troublesome, so it can be performed only periodically and should be supported by a supplementary continuous exchange. This operation improves water quality and can create a proper velocity field in breeding pools. The breeding pools investigated in the present study are located in a sealarium in Hel (Poland), which belongs to the Institute of Oceanography of the Gdansk University. Tracer measurements, carried out in these reservoirs made it possible to evaluate the intensity of continuous water exchange. It was found that this intensity was insufficient (as evidenced by large dead zones in the pools and short detention time), and therefore alterations to the existing system were proposed (i.e. a tangential position of the inlet and a centrally situated outlet). On the basis of a simplified model of circulative water flow, it was shown that the altered hydraulic system can considerably improve the situation.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics; 2016, 63, 4; 253-263
    1231-3726
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Numeryczne modelowanie dynamiki płaskich cieczowych kolektorów słonecznych
    Numerical modelling of liquid flat-plate solar collectors dynamics
    Autorzy:
    Zima, W.
    Dziewa, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172961.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    kolektor słoneczny
    ogniwo słoneczne
    model matematyczny
    proces cieplny
    solar collector
    solar cell
    mathematical model
    thermal process
    Opis:
    W pracy przedstawiono jednowymiarowy modei matematyczny pozwalający na symulowanie nieustalonych procesów cieplnych zachodzących w rurkach płaskich cieczowych kolektorów słonecznych. Jest to model o parametrach rozłożonych, w którym analizie przepływowo-cieplnej poddawana jest tylko jedna rurka kolektora, a warunki brzegowe mogą być zależne od czasu. Proponowany model oparty jest na rozwiązaniu równania bilansu energii po stronie czynnika roboczego. Przebieg temperatury ścianki rurki wyznaczany jest natomiast z rozwiązania równania nieustalonego przewodzenia ciepła. Wyprowadzone równania różniczkowe rozwiązano iteracyjnie z wykorzystaniem niejawnego schematu różnicowego. Wszystkie własności termofizyczne czynnika oraz materiału ścianki rurki (absorbera) mogą być obliczane na bieżąco. W celu przedstawienia dokładności i efektywności prezentowanej metody, przeprowadzono weryfikację obliczeniową oraz eksperymentalną. Weryfikacja obliczeniowa polegała na porównaniu wyników uzyskanych za pomocą proponowanej metody z wynikami dostępnych rozwiązań ścisłych dla stanów nieustalonych. Uzyskano w pełni zadowalającą zgodność tych wyników. W celu przeprowadzenia weryfikacji eksperymentalnej zbudowano stanowisko badawcze oraz uzupełniono model matematyczny kolektora o dodatkowe równania bilansowe. Równania te zapisano i rozwiązano dla szyby solarnej, izolacji oraz dla warstwy powietrza pomiędzy szybą i absorberem. Porównując wyniki pomiarów nieustalonej temperatury czynnika na wylocie z kolektora z wynikami obliczeń numerycznych, stwierdzono zadowalającą ich zgodność.
    The paper presents a one-dimensional mathematical model for simulating the transient processes which occur in the liquid flat-plate solar collector tubes. The proposed method considers the collector model as the one with distributed parameters. In the suggested method one tube of the collector is taken into consideration. In this model the boundary conditions can be timedependent. The proposed model is based on solving equation describing the energy conservation at the operating fluid side. Temperature of the tube wall is determined from the equation of transient heat conduction. The derived differential equations were solved using the implicit finite difference method of iterative character. All thermophysical properties of the fluid and the material of the tube wall can be computed in real time. As an illustration of accuracy and effectiveness of the suggested method the computational and experimental verifications were performed. The computational verification consists in comparing the results found using the presented method with results of available analytic solutions for transient operating conditions. A satisfactory convergence of these results was achieved. In order to experimentally verify the proposed method a research stand was built and the suggested mathematical model was extended by the additional equations. These equations were derived for glass cover, insulation, and for air gap between cover and absorber satisfactory convergence is found comparing the measurement results of the transient fluid temperature at the collector outlet with computational results.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Energetyki; 2011, 41, 2; 59-73
    0066-684X
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Energetyki
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mathematical modelling of heat transfer in liquid flat-plate solar collector tubes
    Autorzy:
    Zima, W.
    Dziewa, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240431.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    kolektor słoneczny
    model matematyczny
    rozwiązanie dokładne
    stan przejściowy
    exact solution
    mathematical model
    solar collector
    transient state
    Opis:
    The paper presents a one-dimensional mathematical model for simulating the transient processes which occur in the liquid flat-plate solar collector tubes. The proposed method considers the model of collector tube as one with distributed parameters. In the suggested method one tube of the collector is taken into consideration. In this model the boundary conditions can be time-dependent. The proposed model is based on solving the equation describing the energy conservation on the fluid side. The temperature of the collector tube wall is determined from the equation of transient heat conduction. The derived differential equations are solved using the implicit finite difference method of iterative character. All thermo-physical properties of the operating fluid and the material of the tube wall can be computed in real time. The time-spatial heat transfer coefficient at the working fluid side can be also computed on-line. The proposed model is suitable for collectors working in a parallel or serpentine tube arrangement. As an illustration of accuracy and effectiveness of the suggested method the computational verification was carried out. It consists in comparing the results found using the presented method with results of available analytic solutions for transient operating conditions. Two numerical analyses were performed: for the tube with temperature step function of the fluid at the inlet and for the tube with heat flux step function on the outer surface. In both cases the conformity of results was very good. It should be noted, that in real conditions such rapid changes of the fluid temperature and the heat flux of solar radiation, as it was assumed in the presented computational verification, do not occur. The paper presents the first part of the study, which aim is to develop a mathematical model for simulating the transient processes which occur in liquid flat-plate solar collectors. The experimental verification of the method is a second part of the study is not presented in this paper. In order to perform this verification, the mathematical model would be completed with additional energy conservation equations. The experimental verification will be carry out in the close future.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Thermodynamics; 2010, 31, 2; 45-62
    1231-0956
    2083-6023
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Thermodynamics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kontrola wytrzymałościowych warunków pracy wybranych ciśnieniowych elementów kotła
    Control of operating strength conditions of selected pressure elements of a boiler
    Autorzy:
    Duda, P.
    Zima, W.
    Węglowski, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172902.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    kocioł OP-210
    metoda elementów skończonych
    MES (metoda elementów skończonych)
    wytrzymałość
    OP-210 boiler
    finite elements method
    FEM
    strength
    Opis:
    W pracy przedstawiono analizę naprężeń występujących w połączeniu walczak-rura opadowa podczas rozruchu i wyłączania z ruchu kotła OP-210. Biorąc pod uwagę zalecane przez producenta szybkości nagrzewania i ochładzania walczaka kotła stwierdzono, że jeżeli nie będą one przekraczane, to nie występuje niebezpieczeństwo przekraczania naprężeń dopuszczalnych. Przedstawiono także konstrukcję i analizę naprężeń, występujących we wstawce termometryczjiej, wykorzystywanej do wyznaczania obciążenia cieplnego ścian komór paleniskowych kotłów, podczas monitorowania sprawności kotła, strumieni masowych paliwa, pary świeżej, spalin i woicły cyrkulującej w kotle. Pokazano, że nie ma niebezpieczeństwa przekroczenia maksymalnych dopuszczalnych naprężeń podczas pracy tego urządzenia.
    The paper presents an analysis of stresses occurred in the boiler drum and down-comer junction during start up and shut down of the steam boiler OP-210. Taking into consideration recommended boilers drum heating and cooling velocity, it was identified that there is no risk of exceeding the maximum allowable stresses, if the boiler drum heating and cooling velocity are not exceeded. An analysis of the stresses in the thermometric inserts for determining heat flux absorbed by membrane water-walls is also presented. This device allows for monitoring boilers efficiency, mass flow rates of fuel, live steam, combustion gas and water circulating in boiler evaporators. It was presented that there is no risk of exceeding the maximum allowable stresses during operation of this device.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Energetyki; 2011, 41, 1; 13-24
    0066-684X
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Energetyki
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14

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