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Tytuł:
150-lecie metra światowego i 18-lecie metra w Warszawie
150th anniversary of tube in the world and 18th anniversary of tube in Warsaw
Autorzy:
Karbowiak, H.
Zajączkowski, A.J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/193300.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Komunikacji Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej
Tematy:
transport pasażerski
metro
zdolność przewozowa
czas następstwa
bezpieczeństwo
passenger transport
tube
carriage capacity
succession
time
safety
Opis:
W styczniu 2013 roku minęła 150. rocznica otwarcia pierwszego odcinka linii metra na świecie – w Londynie, a w kwietniu 2013 roku – minie 18 lat od oddania do eksploatacji pierwszego odcinka I linii metra w Warszawie. Autorzy określają metro jako system kolei głównie podziemnej, o stosunkowo dużej prędkości, przeznaczony do bezpiecznej obsługi bardzo dużego ruchu pasażerskiego w wielkich ośrodkach miejskich. W artykule przedstawiono rozwój linii i systemów metra w świecie i opisano budowę metra w Warszawie. Obecnie ocenia się, że w około 145 miastach świata istnieją linie metra (nie liczono tzw. premetra, chociaż w niektórych przypadkach trudno rozróżnić premetro od właściwego metra). Systemy metra współpracują z innymi systemami transportu miejskiego, np. w Paryżu z systemem RATP, w Berlinie z S-Bahnem. Najdłuższa sieć metra przekracza 400 kilometrów w Londynie, a liczba linii metra w wielkich metropoliach osiąga liczbę kilkunastu. Najmniejsze średnie odległości między stacjami występują w Paryżu – około 560 metrów. Współczesne systemy metra charakteryzują się wysokim stopniem bezpieczeństwa ruchu,osiąganego przez separację linii metra od innych dróg transportu oraz zastosowanie automatyki w prowadzeniu pociągu metra. Najważniejszą zaletą systemu metra jest zdolność przewozowa, która dla typowych parametrów ruchu wynosi około 500 tysięcy pasażerów dziennie dla jednego kierunku ruchu i prędkości podróżowania około 36 km/h. W Warszawie pierwszy odcinek I linii metra uruchomiono w 1995 roku, a całą pierwszą linię o długości 22 kilometrów z 21 stacjami oddano do eksploatacji w 2008 roku. Podano również informacje o planach budowy drugiej linii oraz o realizacji jej centralnego odcinka. Ocenia się, że całkowita długość linii metra w Warszawie będzie wynosiła około 70 kilometrów.
In January 2013 there was the 150th anniversary of the opening of the 1st tube line in the world – in London and in April 2013 there will be 18 years of operation of the first part of the 1st tube line in Warsaw. Authors define tube/metro as underground rail system designed to run big passenger traffic in big cities in a safe and fast manner. The article presents development of lines and tube systems worldwide and presents data about metro construction in Warsaw. Currently it is being estimated that in nearly 145 cities all over the world a tube system exists. These systems in cooperation with other means of public transport create a unified system of urban public transport. The most important value of the tube is its carriage capacity, that takes approximately 500 thousands passengers a day for one direction.In Warsaw the first tube line was opened in 1995 and 1st line (22 kilometers) was put in operation in 2008. Actually there is a 6 kilometers central sector of the 2nd tube line under construction. It has been estimated that the final line length of the tube in Warsaw will come to 70 kilometers.
Źródło:
Transport Miejski i Regionalny; 2013, 2; 15-20
1732-5153
Pojawia się w:
Transport Miejski i Regionalny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Approach to the design of robust networked control systems
Autorzy:
Morawski, M.
Zajączkowski, A. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/908144.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
system sieciowy
system sterowania
inżynieria ruchu
komunikacja przemysłowa
networked control systems
traffic engineering
industrial communication
Opis:
The paper describes the application of the traffic engineering framework together with application layer procedures as mechanisms for the reduction of network latency lags. These mechanisms allow using standard and inexpensive hardware and software technologies typically applied for office networking as a means of realising networked control systems (NCSs) with high dynamic control plants, where a high dynamic control plant is the one that requires the sampling period several times shorter than communication lags induced by a network. The general discussion is illustrated by experimental results obtained in a laboratory NCS with the magnetic levitation system (MLS), which is an example of a structurally unstable plant of high dynamics.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science; 2010, 20, 4; 689-698
1641-876X
2083-8492
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Activity of zinc in the liquid Bi-In-Sn-Zn alloys determined by Knudsen method
Pomiary aktywności cynku w ciekłych stopach Bi-In-Sn-Zn metoda efuzyjna Knudsena
Autorzy:
Zajączkowski, A.
Gąsior, W.
Onderka, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356445.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
metoda Knudsena
aktywność cynku
cynk
quaternary system
activity of zinc
indium
tin
bismuth
zinc
vapour pressure
effusion method
Opis:
The Knudsen effusion method was used for measurements of mass loss rate of liquid Bi-In-Sn-Zn alloys, in the temperature range from 572 to 768 K. The studies were carried out for the alloys with the ratio of Bi:In:Sn equal 2:6:2, 2:2:6 and 8:1:1. The obtained results were used for the calculation of zinc vapour pressure over liquid Bi-In-Sn-Zn alloys and next the activity of zinc in the Bi-In-Sn-Zn liquid phase. It was found that for the investigated alloys the activity of zinc shows the considerable positive deviation from the Raoult's law.
Stosując efuzyjna metodę Knudsena pomierzono szybkość ubytku masy cynku z ciekłych stopów Bi-In-Sn-Zn, w zakresie temperatur od 572 do 768 K. Badania zostały przeprowadzone dla stopów o stosunku zawartości molowych Bi:In:Sn równym 2:6:2, 2:2:6 oraz 8:1:1. Wyniki badań zostały wykorzystane do obliczenia równowagowej prężności par cynku nad ciekłymi stopami Bi-In-Sn-Zn, a następnie aktywności cynku. Stwierdzono, że dla zbadanych stopów aktywność cynku wykazuje znaczne dodatnie odstępstwa od prawa Raulta.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2012, 57, 3; 838-843
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Correction of frequency distortion of the DDS signals
Autorzy:
Elminowicz, A.
Zajączkowski, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/331959.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Akustyczne
Opis:
The Diver Detection Sonar (DDS) as a surveillance system has been designed to monitor the threat of underwater attacks against harbours, ships, naval bases, coastal industrial installations, oil platforms etc. This paper describes technical complexity of designing wideband DDS, with increased coverage effectiveness and following additional advantages: improved range resolution, high signal to noise and reverberation ratio and possibility operation of several sonars in the same frequency band using different type of modulation. The article presents technological principles and problems related to the wideband sig-nals transmitting and receiving by cylindrical piezocomposite transducer as well as implementation of the broadband compression technique for correction of frequency distortion.
Źródło:
Hydroacoustics; 2010, 13; 83-88
1642-1817
Pojawia się w:
Hydroacoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Doppler effect in wideband sonars
Autorzy:
Elminowicz, A.
Zajączkowski, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/332069.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Akustyczne
Opis:
To increase sonar range and to improve the range resolution and SNR, modern sonars use a matched filtration what corresponds to correlation between replica of transmitted sig-nal and received echoes. Motion of sound source or/and object causes frequency Doppler shift of received signals, thereby generating the distortion of the correlation processing of echo with signal replica. In the paper, the results of studies of sonar signals (CW, LFM and HFM) immunity to correlation distortions due to Doppler effect are presented. It has been demonstrated that only HFM signals are immune to adverse Doppler effect in correlation processing.
Źródło:
Hydroacoustics; 2004, 7; 31-36
1642-1817
Pojawia się w:
Hydroacoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
High resolution multi-beam side looking sonar
Autorzy:
Elminowicz, A,
Zajączkowski, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/332745.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Akustyczne
Opis:
The conventional side–scan sonars does not ensure sufficient angular and range resolution to detect very small objects with small target strength. Decrease of beam width leads to the increase of angular resolution but requires the decrease of towing speed what means reduction of searched area. Other method of the angular resolution increased is designing multi–beam sonar or sonar with synthetic aperture. The paper presents a design of effective multi–beam side looking sonars with a large angular and range resolution operates with 100 kHz, 200 kHz, 400 kHz and 600 kHz. The sonar, described in the paper, operates with 200 kHz frequency; LFM modulation – 20 kHz and 40 kHz band; array provides 32 elements with d/ë spacing what ensure a shaping of 5 or 9 beams with 0,40° width. The range of sonar is from 250 m to 300 m, the level of side lobes are smaller than -20 dB and level of grating lobes for 5 beams are smaller than -30 dB. The principle of sonar performance and wideband effective processing are presented. Effectiveness of processing depends on beams number and decrease of beams number, together with the range increased, leads to increase of processing effectiveness.
Źródło:
Hydroacoustics; 2005, 8; 37-46
1642-1817
Pojawia się w:
Hydroacoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of DDS and magnetic barrier cooperating with acoustic barriers and tethered sonobuoys for harbour and anchorage underwater protection
Autorzy:
Elminowicz, A.
Zajączkowski, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/331708.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Akustyczne
Opis:
The underwater protection system that consists of wideband Acoustic Barriers (WAB) and wideband DDS (WDDS) is a very suitable acoustic device to operate in Littoral Water (LW) and Extremely Littoral Water (ELW). A new approach to underwater protection harbour and task group on the anchorage against AUV, DDV and torpedos is focused on designed stationary tethered sonobuoys with passive sonar, active multistatic sonar, intercept sonar and also possibility of jamming intercepted underwater objects. Passive omnidirectional sonar may be used for initial detection of intruder on the long distance (up to 5 km) and active multistatic sonar will be applied for detection and precise location of detected object. Intercept sonar is waiting for homing sonar signals generated by AUV, DDS, torpedos or submarines and received signals are basis generating jamming signals. The paper describes the WAB, WDDS and magnetic barrier integrated to short range (up to 1000 m) protection systems. The long range (up to 5000 m) sonobuoy – for various technical parameters and environmental conditions – has been studied.
Źródło:
Hydroacoustics; 2011, 14; 39-46
1642-1817
Pojawia się w:
Hydroacoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Multistatic systems
Autorzy:
Elminowicz, A.
Zajączkowski, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/332386.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Akustyczne
Opis:
This paper describes key features of a multistatic operation in the littoral beginning from multistatic system (MS) configuration, his performance model and constraints imposed by environment of shallow water. The architecture of MS, features and requirements of MS basic subsystem has been presented. Essential role as during MS operation is fulfilled by data fusion and tracking methods as well a communication between MS units, has been protruded. The application of MS, especially for underwater protection systems, in the form of barriers protecting anchorage, harbour, straits or entries to the harbour has been presented. Other applications are connected with military operation, especially Anti–Submarine Warfare (ASW) in littoral areas. Attention was paid on possibility of cooperation among the different acoustics devices in MS.
Źródło:
Hydroacoustics; 2006, 9; 57-64
1642-1817
Pojawia się w:
Hydroacoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mutual interferences reduction between sonars or barrier modules operating in the same area
Autorzy:
Elminowicz, A.
Zajączkowski, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/332459.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Akustyczne
Opis:
This paper describes key features of a Mutual Interference Reduction (MIR) in sea area, especially in shallow water, where some acoustic devices may operate simultaneously. MIR is an essential problem in mono– and multistatic systems. Receivers of sonars or barrier modules, operating in these systems, can receive signals from other acoustic devices by direct track, as echoes from the targets or as reverberations. The mutual sonars interference level depends on many parameters, like: the transmitting signal parameters (modulation, SL, B, T) and bands aliasing, mutual sectors coverage, the distance and mutual localization of trans-mitting transducers and receiving arrays, as well as type of matched filtration. The degrada-tion of mutual interferences by matched filtration has been determined. Influence of modula-tion type, B and T parameters on MIR at the matched filtration output have been presented also.
Źródło:
Hydroacoustics; 2007, 10; 39-44
1642-1817
Pojawia się w:
Hydroacoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Niektore rozwiazania praktyczne stosowane i proponowane w BULiGL na potrzeby ochrony przyrody w lasach
Some practical solutions practised and proposed by BULiGL for protection of nature in forests
Autorzy:
Zajaczkowski, S
Talarczyk, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/880411.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Leśny Zakład Doświadczalny. Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej w Rogowie
Tematy:
lesnictwo
lasy
inwentaryzacja lasu
inwentaryzacja wielkopowierzchniowa
monitoring
wykorzystanie
ochrona przyrody
gospodarka lesna
urzadzanie lasu
prognozy oddzialywania na srodowisko
Opis:
Przedmiotem niniejszej pracy są zagadnienia dotyczące w szczególności sporządzania prognozy oddziaływania na środowisko, w tym także stopień szczegółowości informacji tam zawartych, a także niektórych kryteriów weryfikacji proponowanych rozwiązań.
This work presents the issues, in particular the preparation of environmental impact forecasts, including the degree of detail contained therein, as well as some criteria for the verification of the proposed solutions.
Źródło:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej; 2009, 11, 2[21]; 217-225
1509-1414
Pojawia się w:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sedimentation from suspension and sediment accumulation rate in the River Vistula prodelta, Gulf of Gdansk (Baltic Sea)
Autorzy:
Damrat, M.
Zaborska, A.
Zajaczkowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48809.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:
sedimentation
suspension
sediment accumulation
redeposition
Vistula River
river discharge
Gdansk Gulf
Baltic Sea
water salinity
turbidity
temperature
Źródło:
Oceanologia; 2013, 55, 4
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:
Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza dokładności obrębowej metody inwentaryzacji lasu opartej na losowaniu warstwowym
The accuracy of a novel forest inventory method based on stratified sampling
Autorzy:
Bruchwald, A.
Wójcik, R.
Zajączkowski, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1026758.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
losowanie warstwowe
lesnictwo
inwentaryzacja lasu
urzadzanie lasu
dokladnosc
metoda obrebowa
alder
form factor
empirical equation
Opis:
The paper provides an analysis of the accuracy of a novel forest inventory method for calculating stand volume based on stratified sampling. The analysis included stand age as an efficient element used in the construction of the strata, as well as assessment results of various methods of sample allocation. This novel inventory method was compared with the methods based on simple random sampling or systematic sampling. The theory of all analysed methods for calculating stand volume is based on the mathematical statistics called a „representative sampling method”.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2003, 147, 05; 13-20
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Multifrequency wideband sonar array
Autorzy:
Elminowicz, A.
Lis, W.
Zajączkowski, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/332415.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Akustyczne
Opis:
This paper describes of new approach to Multifrequency Wideband Arrays (MWA), applied piezocomposite technologies of the array elements. MWA operating in transmitting (Tx) and receiving (Rx) mode on two or three bands, requires state-of-the-art technology and efficient array designing than conventional array in which separate arrays for every band or even separate Tx and Rx transducers/arrays are used. The new piezocomposite elements are designed at OBR Centrum Techniki Morskiej S.A., manufactured by Materials Systems Inc. (Littleton, USA) and tested at the cooperation with Gdansk University of Technology. The article presents research and development work at the multifrequency wideband piezocomposite arrays elements. An example of dual frequency wideband Tx/Rx array with design parameters and its implementation for the dual frequency wideband sonar will be presented. The results of array elements measurements: TVR, RVS, Impedance and Phase versus frequency from 50 kHz to 500 kHz as well as beam patterns, will be also presented.
Źródło:
Hydroacoustics; 2012, 15; 33-38
1642-1817
Pojawia się w:
Hydroacoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zróżnicowanie genetyczne czereśni ptasiej (Prunus avium L.) w Polsce
Genetic diversity of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) in Poland
Autorzy:
Szyp-Borowska, I.
Zawadzka, A.
Zajaczkowski, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/972788.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewa lesne
czeresnia ptasia
Prunus avium
zroznicowanie genetyczne
metody badan
metoda RFLP
markery mikrosatelitarne
wild populations
cpDNA and SSR diversity
Prunus avium L.
Opis:
The purpose of our study was to estimate genetic diversity of Prunus avium in natural populations. Genetic studies were carried out in 27 wild cherry populations sampled from several Polish tree stands. Chloroplast DNA variation was assessed and two haplotypes were identified. Theirs distribution divided populations into two groups. Haplotype H1 was present in 11 of 27 populations and H2 in 16 populations. The PCR− −SSR technique was used to detect nuclear DNA diversity. Three highly polymorphic SSR (microsatellite) primer pairs were used to describe the genetic variation. Heterozygosity values ranged from 0.500 to 0.633, while gene diversity (PIC) from 0.75 to 0.79. This study demonstrated that SSR fingerprinting with cpDNA diversity, can be used for preliminary characterization of Prunus avium populations.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2012, 156, 07; 502-510
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Harmonizacja prawa lesnego. Czesc I. Porownanie prawa Unii Europejskiej i prawa polskiego w zakresie okreslonych aspektow lesnictwa
Autorzy:
Paschalis, P.
Dzieciolowski, R.
Szujecki, A.
Zajaczkowski, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/820626.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
Unia Europejska
przepisy prawne
Polska
ochrona lasu
lesnictwo
prawo
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2001, 145, 06; 5-20
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Harmonizacja prawa lesnego. Czesc II. Identyfikacja niezbednych zmian legislacyjnych i organizacyjnych prawa polskiego w aspektach lesnictwa
Autorzy:
Paschalis, P.
Dzieciolowski, R.
Szujecki, A.
Zajaczkowski, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/815197.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
Unia Europejska
przepisy prawne
Polska
ochrona lasu
lesnictwo
prawo
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2001, 145, 07; 5-17
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmiany składu gatunkowego i struktury drzewostanów w Roztoczańskim Parku Narodowym w okresie 2007-2017
Changes in the species composition and structure of forest stands in the Roztocze National Park in the years 2007-2017
Autorzy:
Łukaszewicz, J.
Zajączkowski, G.
Gil, W.
Tittenbrun, A.
Radliński, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979113.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
forest dynamics
species composition
dbh distribution
permanent plot
strict protection
Opis:
The aim of the study is to analyze changes in the species composition and in the diameter structure of the main forest−building species in the Roztocze National Park (central−eastern Poland). The research was carried out on 315 permanent monitoring plots. The range of collected data included: type of protection (strict and active protection), forest site type, tree species and their dbh (>7 cm over bark). Measurements and observations were made in 2007 and repeated in 2017. There was a significant reduction in the number of all tree species, except of beech Fagus sylvatica, regardless the protection status. Despite this, the basal area for the strict and active protection zone was similar both in 2007 (37.77 and 36.39 m2/ha, respectively) and 2017 (37.17 and 37.85 m2/ha, respectively). In the whole park, the number of large trees (mainly beeches) with high individual basal area increased, while the number of young generations of all species decreased. In the strict protection zone, the admixture species (decrease by 27.3%), as well as hornbeam Carpinus betulus (decrease by 22.8%), are not particularly competitive with beech. A similar tendency, although mitigated by active silvicultural treatments, was also observed in the active protection zone, in which admixture species have lost 24.8% while hornbeam 16.2%. In the strict protection area, there was a significant reduction in the number of fir Abies alba (by 14%). In the active protection zone fir increased its range and basal area, and maintains its population practically unchanged. There was also a decrease in the number of young generations, as evidenced by changes in the frequency in the 7−16 cm dbh class. The highest level of reduction in this class was found for pine Pinus sylvestris (by 64.8%), rare species (40.4%), hornbeam (31.2%), oak Quercus robur (26.6%), and spruce Picea abies (20.5%). Only beech increased the abundance in this class (by 1.4%) as well as in the next 17−26 cm class (even by 14.2%). The presented significant changes in the species composition and structure of basal area of the stands in the Roztocze National Park that occurred in the 10−year period, indicate a significant role of tending cuts in maintaining proper species composition, appropriate diameter structure of stands, their stability of natural richness and high level of diversity of forest ecosystems.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2020, 164, 08; 683-694
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pochodzenie drzewostanów świerkowych (Picea abies L. Karst.) z Puszczy Białowieskiej na tle regionu RDLP Białystok na podstawie analiz mitochondrialnego DNA
Origin of the Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) stands from Bialowieza Forest at the level of Bialystok Regional Directorate of the State Forests based on mitochondrial DNA analysis
Autorzy:
Nowakowska, J.A.
Łukaszewicz, J.
Borys, M.
Tereba, A.
Konecka, A.
Zawadzka, A.
Sułkowska, M.
Zajączkowski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/987121.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
Puszcza Bialowieska
drzewostany swierkowe
drzewa lesne
swierk pospolity
Picea abies
markery genetyczne
DNA mitochondrialny
pochodzenie roslin
zmiennosc genetyczna
RDLP Bialystok
genetic diversity
mitochondrial dna marker
postglacial migration routes
białowieża forest
Opis:
Considered to be the most natural of all other Polish stands Picea abies in Białowieża Forest has suffered severely of bark beetle damages for decades. In order to find out some historical events in native Norway spruce stands diversity at regional level, we carried out the study on poly− morphism with DNA markers and performed Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) on the basis of genetic distance matrix. Two ranges (i.e. Baltico−Nordic and Hercyno−Carpathian) of Norway spruce cover north−eastern and southern Poland, respectively. The spruceless zone separates the these two ranges in lowland Poland. From genetic point of view, the Baltico−Nordic P. abies populations mainly harbor mitochondrial haplotype ‘c', whereas the spruces from the Hercyno− −Carpathian range – haplotype ‘a'. Until recently, the Białowieża Forest has been considered to belong to the northern range of spruce occurrence in Europe. Seven populations from Biało− wieża Forest were studied (two of them from the Strict Reserve in Białowieski National Park) according to mitochondrial DNA diversity, and compared with genetic diversity found in 24 other populations located in Białystok Regional Directorate of the State Forests (north−eastern Poland). All studied spruce populations were more than 100 years old and were of natural origin. As result, the spruces from the Białowieża Forest harbored three mitochondrial haplotypes of the nad1 gene (‘c', ‘a' and ‘a1'), with the haplotype ‘a' being more frequently present (>51%) than the hap− lotype ‘c'. The spruce stands from Białowieża Forest have the highest gene diversity (h Nei=0.527) comparing to the other stands from the Białystok RDSF. The PCoA proved the particularity of the spruces from Białowieża Forest grouping them into one cluster of genetic similarity. Our data demonstrated that most of Norway spruces populations from Białystok RDSF harbor haplotype ‘c', which confirms their historical relationship with the Baltico−Nordic range of P. abies in Europe, while most spruces from Białowieża Forest have different historic origin, because they share high frequency of the southern haplotype ‘a'. It also turned out that Norway spruce pop− ulations from two different European ranges met in lowland Poland after the last glacial period, as proved by the presence of two mitochondrial haplotypes ‘a' and ‘c'. It can be assumed, that the spruceless zone was created by human activity in the past millennia. The results of all molecular analyses confirmed the unique character of spruces of Białowieża Forest, which is distinguished by the greater richness of the gene pool in comparison to the region of Białystok RDSF as well as good adaptation to local environmental conditions.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2017, 161, 01; 40-51
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of shelf-transformed waters (STW) on foraminiferal assemblages in the outwash and glacial fjords of Adventfjorden and Hornsund, Svalbard
Autorzy:
Szymanska, N.
Pawlowska, J.
Kucharska, M.
Kujawa, A.
Lacka, M.
Zajaczkowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48678.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:
Atlantic water
foraminiferal assemblage
glacial fjord
outwash fjord
Adventfjorden
Hornsund
Svalbard
inflow water
salinity
water temperature
environment change
Opis:
A new dataset of benthic foraminiferal assemblages from Adventfjorden (tributary fjord of Isfjorden, West Spitsbergen) was compared with the results of a study conducted by Zajączkowski et al. (2010) in Hornsund (West Spitsbergen). According to Nilsen et al. (2016), Atlantic water inflow to the Isfjorden Trough occurs more readily than to anywhere else along the shelf of Spitsbergen; thus, we compared the foraminiferal assemblages of the outwash Adventfjorden fjord, located in the Isfjorden system, with glacial Hornsund, located in southwest Spitsbergen. Despite the juxtaposition of Adventfjorden and Hornsund the data revealed varying impacts of shelf-transformed water (STW) on the benthic foraminiferal assemblages. Outer and central Adventfjorden was dominated by Adercotryma glomerata, Recurvoides turbinata and Spiroplectammina sp., reflecting the presence of STW, while abundant Melonis barleeanus in the central area of the fjord indicated a large flux of unaltered organic matter. Only the head of the fjord was dominated by the glaciomarine taxa Cassidulina reniforme and Elphidium clavatum. Foraminiferal fauna characteristic of STW-influenced environments (i.e., Nonionellina labradorica and R. turbinata) were also observed in outer Hornsund. However, the glacier-proximal taxa E. clavatum and C. reniforme were dominant throughout the fjord, demonstrating the impacts of meltwater and high sedimentation. Therefore, it is likely that in Hornsund, glacial impact is a major environmental factor, which is stronger than the influence of STW.
Źródło:
Oceanologia; 2017, 59, 4
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:
Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zagrożone gatunki drzew Białowieskiego Parku Narodowego (Rezerwat Ścisły)
Threatened tree species of the Bialowieza National Park (the Strict Reserve)
Autorzy:
Brzeziecki, B.
Keczyński, A.
Zajączkowski, J.
Drozdowski, S.
Gawron, L.
Buraczyk, W.
Bielak, K.
Szeligowski, H.
Dzwonkowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1007075.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
hodowla lasu
Bialowieski Park Narodowy
rezerwaty scisle
Obreb Ochronny Orlowka
stale powierzchnie obserwacyjne
sklad gatunkowy
drzewa lesne
grab
lipa
swierk
olsza
brzoza
dab
sosna
jesion
klon
wiaz
topola osika
zageszczenie populacji
liczebnosc
struktura grubosci
gatunki dominujace
gatunki zagrozone
diameter distribution
dynamic status
large−scale inventory
long−term trend
natural forest
permanent plot
population density
population dynamics
strict protection
Opis:
An assessment of the current dynamic status of tree species occurring in the Strict Reserve of the Białowieża National Park is presented. On the basis of long−term trends and analysis of large−scale inventory data, the three major groups of trees are distinguished: 1) ‘safe’ group, containing hornbeam and lime, 2) ‘presently safe, but declining in a long−term run’ group, involving spruce, birch and alder, and 3) ‘threatened and highly threatened’ group, consisting of oak, pine, ash, maple, elm and aspen.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2012, 156, 04; 252-261
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Struktura i dynamika wielogeneracyjnych starodrzewów sosnowych występujących w obszarach ochrony ścisłej Kaliszki i Sieraków w Kampinoskim Parku Narodowym. Część 2. Procesy zamierania i dorastania oraz ich wpływ na rozkład grubości drzew
Structure and dynamics of uneven−aged, Scots pine−dominated, old−growth stands in Kaliszki and Sieraków strict reserves in Kampinos National Park. Part 2. Tree mortality and recruitment processes and their effects on tree diameter distributions
Autorzy:
Brzeziecki, B.
Zajączkowski, J.
Olszewski, A.
Bolibok, L.
Andrzejczyk, T.
Bielak, K.
Buraczyk, W.
Drozdowski, S.
Gawron, L.
Jastrzębowski, S.
Szeligowski, H.
Żybura, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979128.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
demographic non−equilibrium
diameter structure
long−term study
old−growth forest
permanent study
plot
scots pine
strict protection
Opis:
Two fundamental demographic processes (tree recruitment and mortality) are analyzed for forest stands growing on permanent study plots located in strictly protected Scots pine−dominated, old−growth stands of Kampinos National Park (central Poland). The major implications of the observed demographic trends for the general shape of tree size distributions are determined, as well. During the past ca 30 years, in the stands sampled, there was a pronounced lack of balance between mortality and recruitment processes. Mortality rate was eight times higher than recruitment rate. Eventually, there was a net significant decline in population density, observed for all major tree species, including Scots pine, pedunculate oak, silver and downy birch, and black alder. As mortality processes affected mainly smaller trees, there was also a significant deterioration of the general demographic status of most important tree species. This effect was shown by the change of the overall shape of diameter distributions over the study period: from reverse J−shaped to flat curves running nearly parallel to X−axis. The values of recruitment rates were markedly lower, and the values of mortality rates – significantly higher, than analogous values characterizing comparable forests (e.g., those obtained for the natural stands of Białowieża National Park). Low recruitment rates, as obtained for Kampinos stands, suggest that presently, in the local, Scots pine−dominated, old−growth stands, the general conditions for forest regeneration and for maintaining a long−term demographic stability are unfavorable. Most probably, the regeneration of this type of forest has an episodic, ‘wave−like’ character and corresponds to the ‘catastrophic’ model, according to which the successful regeneration of current dominants (especially Scots pine, silver and downy birch, black alder) must be preceded by a stand−initiating (stand−replacing) disturbance, leading to total or partial, but heavy, destruction of the currently existing stand. At the moment, it would be difficult to predict, however, if and when such a disturbance will affect the stands under investigation. Thus, we predict that in the nearest future at least, the state of overall demographic unbalance will continue or even increase.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2020, 164, 06; 443-453
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Struktura i dynamika wielogeneracyjnych starodrzewów sosnowych występujących w obszarach ochrony ścisłej Kaliszki i Sieraków w Kampinoskim Parku Narodowym. Część 1. Zróżnicowanie gatunkowe, zagęszczenie i pierśnicowe pole przekroju
Structure and dynamics of uneven−aged Scots pine−dominated old−growth stands in Kaliszki and Sieraków strict protection areas in the Kampinos National Park. Part 1. Species composition, tree density and basal area
Autorzy:
Brzeziecki, B.
Zajączkowski, J.
Olszewski, A.
Bolibok, L.
Andrzejczyk, T.
Bielak, K.
Buraczyk, W.
Drozdowski, S.
Gawron, L.
Jastrzębowski, S.
Szeligowski, H.
Żybura, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/978936.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
forest dynamics
long−term research
old−growth forest
permanent study plot
strict protection
tree
species composition
Opis:
The paper describes changes, which took place over the last 30 years in old−growth forest stands occupying two permanent research plots, established in the Kaliszki and Sieraków strict protection areas in the Kampinos National Park (central Poland). Both plots have a form of ecological transects. The Kaliszki plot is 20 m wide and 700 m long (1.40 ha), while the Sieraków plot (total area of 2.56 ha) consists of two parts: main (40×460 m) and side (40×180 m) transect. In the Kaliszki plot, the stand measurements were conducted in 1993, 2007, and 2017, while in the Sieraków plot – in 1989, 1994, 2006, and 2017. For every tree with breast height diameter (DBH) 5 cm, species identity, DBH and spatial coordinates were determined. Starting from the second census, all trees which had died (‘losses’), as well as trees which exceeded the DBH threshold (‘gains’) since the previous record were noted, as well. The major tree species occurring on sample plots are Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), pedunculate oak (Quercus robur), silver and downy birch (Betula sp.), and black alder (Alnus glutinosa). During the study period, the overall tree density declined by ca. 50%. The diminishing trends occurred for all dominant tree species. In contrast to major, dominant tree species, the demographic status of a group of minor tree species (lime, hornbeam and maple) was much more stable. One may even speak about some expansion in this case. Particularly, hornbeam density increased rapidly in the period 2006−2017 in some areas of the main transect located in the Sieraków plot. The future studies will show if this tendency will be maintained and will include other regions of sample plots. Assuming a lack of significant disturbances, one may expect that the stands growing on research plots will rather slowly change in the nearest future. Most dynamics will have a quantitative and not qualitative character. One may anticipate, for example, a growing role of pedunculate oak at the expense of Scots pine, however, considering that the two species are rather long−living, they will probably for a long time keep their dominant roles in the stand canopies.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2020, 164, 05; 392-403
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Can seabirds modify carbon burial in fjords?
Autorzy:
Weslawski, J.M.
Urbanski, J.
Gluchowska, M.
Grzelak, K.
Kotwicki, L.
Kwasniewski, S.
Legezynska, J.
Wiktor, J.
Wlodarska-Kowalczuk, M.
Zaborska, A.
Zajaczkowski, M.
Stempniewicz, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47719.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:
sea bird
sediment
organic matter
Kongsfjorden
microplankton
carbon source
Svalbard Fjord
Opis:
Two high latitude fjords of Spitsbergen (Hornsund 77°N and Kongsfjorden 79°N) are regarded as being highly productive (70 g and 50 gC m−2 year−1) and having organic-rich sediments. Hornsund has more organic matter in its sediments (8%), nearly half of it of terrestrial origin, while most of that in Kongsfjorden (5%) comes from fresh, marine sources (microplankton). Analysis of the carbon sources in both fjords shows that a major difference is the much larger seabird population in Hornsund-dominated with over 100 thousands pairs of plankton feeding little auks in Hornsund versus 2 thousand pairs in Kongsfjorden, and marine food consumption estimated as 5573 tonnes of carbon in Hornsund, versus 3047 tonnes in Kongsfjorden during one month of chick feeding period. Seabird colonies supply rich ornithogenic tundra (595 tonnes of C, as against only 266 tonnes of C in the Kongsfjorden tundra). No much of the terrestrial carbon, flushed out or wind-blown to the fjord, is consumed on the seabed – a state of affairs that is reflected by the low metabolic activity of bacteria and benthos and the lower benthic biomass in Hornsund than in Kongsfjorden.
Źródło:
Oceanologia; 2017, 59, 4
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:
Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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