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    Wyświetlanie 1-21 z 21
    Tytuł:
    Lubricating oil properties – effect of using high acidity fuel
    Autorzy:
    Piaszyk, J.
    Wyszynski, M. L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133759.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    animal fat
    tallow
    lubricating oil
    total acid number
    TAN
    total base number
    TBN
    thermogravimetric analysis
    TGA
    engine deposits
    tłuszcz zwierzęcy
    łój
    olej smarowy
    liczba kwasowa
    liczba zasadowa
    analiza termograwimetryczna
    Opis:
    This paper presents results of an investigation focusing on the effect of high acidity fuel (high TAN) on the properties of lubricating oil. The capability of the upgraded lubricating oil (increased TBN) to withstand an operation of the engine when fuelled with animal fat was checked. Two lubricating oils were compared. A thermogravimetric method is proposed for characterisation of deposits formed in the lubricating oil centrifuge.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2013, 52, 3; 762-768
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Thermodynamic simulation comparison of opposed two-stroke and conventional four-stroke engines
    Autorzy:
    Shokrollahihassanbarough, F.
    Alqahtani, A.
    Wyszynski, M. L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133447.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    opposed piston two-stroke engine
    AVL Boost software
    thermodynamic benefits
    conventional crankshaft engines
    silnik dwusuwowy
    korzyści termodynamiczne
    Opis:
    Today’s technology leveraging allows OP2S (Opposed Piston 2-Stroke) engine to be considered as an alternative for the conventional four-stroke (4S) engines as mechanical drive in various applications, mainly in transportation. In general, OP2S engines are suited to compete with conventional 4-stroke engines where power-to-weight ratio, power-to-bulk volume ratio and fuel efficiency are requirements. This paper does present a brief advent, as well as the renaissance of OP2S engines and the novel technologies which have been used in the new approach. Also precise thermodynamic benefits have been considered, to demonstrate the fundamental efficiency advantage of OP2S engines. Hence, simulations of two different engine configurations have been taken into consideration: a one-cylinder opposed piston engine and two-cylinder conventional piston four-stroke engine. In pursuance of fulfilling this goal, the engines have been simulated in AVL Boost™ platform which is one of the most accurate Virtual Engine Tools, to predict engine performance such as combustion optimization, emission and fuel consumption. To minimize the potential differences of friction losses, the bore and stroke per cylinder are taken as constant. The closed-cycle performance of the engine configurations is compared using a custom analysis tool that allows the sources of thermal efficiency differences to be identified and quantified. As a result, brake thermal efficiency, power and torque of OP2S engine have been improved compared to conventional engines while emission concern has been alleviated.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2015, 54, 3; 78-84
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Thermodynamic simulation comparison of AVL BOOST and Ricardo WAVE for HCCI and SI engines optimization
    Autorzy:
    Alqahtani, A.
    Shokrollahihassanbarough, F.
    Wyszynski, M. L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133607.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    HCCI
    homogeneous charge compression ignition
    SI
    numerical simulation
    software platform
    AVL BOOST
    Ricardo WAVE
    silnik wysokoprężny o spalaniu homogenicznym
    silnik ZI
    symulacja numeryczna
    Opis:
    The aim of this paper is to compare two simulation software platforms, AVL BOOSTTM and Ricardo WAVETM as used to simulate HCCI and SI GDI engines with the intention of maximising the engine’s efficiency and minimising the emissions. This paper compares these platforms in an experimentally validated model to analyse a spark ignition and a Homogeneous Compression Ignition Charge (HCCI) single cylinder 4 valve gasoline engines with multiple configurations and running parameters in order to find the most optimal set-up for the engine, with the prospect of allowing an optimum engine to be built and tested in real world conditions without the need for multiple expensive prototypes and long delays.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2015, 54, 2; 68-72
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Study of the influences of blending different proportions of propane into methane on combustion characteristics at the knock threshold by using RCM
    Autorzy:
    Shokrollahi, F.
    Wyszynski, M.
    Sundell, J.-P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244926.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    Rapid Compression Machine
    knock threshold operating condition
    peak driving pressure
    knock intensity
    Opis:
    A spark-ignited Rapid Compression Machine (RCM) has been used to investigate the influences of the different proportions of methane-propane mixtures on the combustion characteristics at knock threshold operating condition. First, the threshold operating points of the mixtures have been obtained and the results indicated that the piston driving pressure reduces from 142 bars to 90 bars as the propane content in the mixture increases. As a spark plug was fitted in this RCM, the optimum spark timing was also investigated. It was established that spark timing should be set synchronize with the piston at TDC, due to the free movement of the piston. In most RCMs, piston can move toward TDC following the equilibria of forces due to the absence of con-rod. Finally, knock intensity of the different mixtures has been studied. Pre-heating system in RCM with and without trace heating system; effects of flow-rate and lambda variations on peak pressure, ignition delay time and ARR; threshold operating conditions of pure methane, 90% methane and 10% propane, 80% methane and 20% propane, 70% methane and 30% propane; effect of driving pressure on the knocking intensity for mixture of methane and propane for heavy and light knockings are presented in the article.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 1; 339-346
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Investigation into the effect of bore/stroke ratio on a single cylinder two stroke opposed piston engin
    Autorzy:
    Alqahtani, A. M.
    Wyszynski, M. L.
    Mazuro, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245226.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    opposed-piston
    two-stroke
    AVL Boost
    thermodynamic modelling
    Opis:
    Opposed-piston (OP) engine’s promising fuel efficiency has attracted the interest of automotive industry in the recent years. The opposed-piston two-stroke (OP2S) engine technology heightens this fuel efficiency benefit and offers advances in structure, power density and thermal efficiency whilst sustaining its lower cost and weight. Today thermodynamic modelling remains an indispensable and cost effective route in the development and optimisation of internal combustion engines (ICEs). To achieve this goal, the OP2S engine is simulated and validated against experimental results in AVL Boost™, which is hailed as one of the most reliable and advanced engine simulation tools. Detailed analyses of the piston dynamics, heat release, scavenging and heat transfers are highlighted in discrete sections of this paper. Having compared distinct heat release models, the Wiebe 2-Zone model emerged efficacious in replicating the heat release characteristics of the PAMAR™ engine. In comparing the numerical and experimental results, the simulation revealed minimal differences in peak pressure, peak temperature and maximum pressure raise rate, under ±2.5% differences for indicated power, IMEP, indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) and ISFC. Subsequently, confidence taken from the validated numerical model is then deployed to investigate the effect of stroke-to-bore (S/B) ratio on OP2S performance. Three combinations of S/B ratios (0.5, 1.25, and 1.69) with identical swept volume are analysed in this study. Utilisation of the validated model ensured the standardisation of intake, exhaust and the combustion systems in order to isolate the effects of S/B ratio. Results indicate that heat losses decrease with increasing S/B ratio because of the reduced surface area-to-volume in the cylinder. Consequently, an improvement in ITE and mechanical efficiency is observed with reduced ISFC for higher S/B ratios. A tendency of upsurge in combustion efficiency is also evident for higher S/B ratio due to reduced heat transfer near minimum volume of the combustion chamber.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 2; 9-16
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) to determine the shoreline of natural watercourses
    Wykorzystanie bezzałogowych statków latających (dronów) do ustalania linii brzegowej cieków naturalnych
    Autorzy:
    Wilkowski, W.
    Lisowski, M.
    Wyszyński, M.
    Wierzbicki, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/292459.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
    Tematy:
    image classification
    orthophotomap
    Shoreline
    unmanned aerial vehicle
    bezzałogowy statek latający (dron)
    klasyfikacja obrazu
    linia brzegowa
    ortofotomapa
    Opis:
    The aim of the paper was to study the possibility of using unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) to determine the shoreline of natural watercourses. According to the Water Law, the shoreline is defined by: the edge of the shore if it is visible, and in other cases it is the boundary of persistent grass growth, or the line, which is determined on the basis of the average water level of a period of at least 10 years. The study included an analysis of the possibility of determining the shore line in all of these cases, using aerial photos obtained from an unmanned aerial vehicle (drone) on a particular stretch of the river Narew. In order to determine the shoreline defined by the edge of the shore, a point cloud together with the necessary GIS tools were used to generate planes which then made it possible to determine that edge. Defining the shoreline using this method was done with an accuracy of ±0.21 m. The study shows that the best results for determining the shoreline were obtained using either the edge of the shore or the line, which is determined according to the average water level of a period of at least 10 years. Due to the very ambiguous course of the shoreline defined by the boundary of persistent grass growth, it would be advisable to eliminate this remove from the Water Law.
    Celem pracy było określenie możliwości wykorzystania bezzałogowych statków latających (dronów) do ustalania linii brzegowej cieków naturalnych. Z ustawy „Prawo wodne” wynika, że granicę linii brzegu stanowią: krawędź brzegu, jeżeli jest wyraźna, a w pozostałych przypadkach granica stałego porastania traw, albo linia, którą ustala się według średniego stanu wody z okresu co najmniej 10 lat. Badaniami objęto możliwości określenia linii brzegu we wszystkich przypadkach, wykorzystując zdjęcia lotnicze wykonane z bezzałogowego statku latającego (drona) na określonym odcinku Narwi. W celu określenia linii brzegowej wyznaczonej przez krawędź brzegu wykorzystano chmurę punktów oraz narzędzia do wygenerowania płaszczyzn, z których wyznaczono tę krawędź. Uzyskano dokładność wyznaczenia tą metodą linii brzegowej, wynoszącą ±0,21 m. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że najlepsze rezultaty uzyskano, wyznaczając linię brzegu, gdy linię tę stanowi krawędź brzegu, lub linię średniego stanu wody z okresu co najmniej 10 lat. Ze względu na bardzo niejednoznaczny przebieg granicy linii brzegu wyznaczonej jako linia stałego porastania traw, celowe byłoby wyeliminowanie tego kryterium z zapisu ustawy „Prawo wodne”.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Water and Land Development; 2017, 35; 259-264
    1429-7426
    2083-4535
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Water and Land Development
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Computational modelling of the fuel injection and combustion in a Diesel K6 rotary engine
    Autorzy:
    Mason, M.
    Wyszyński, M. L.
    Jordan, O.
    Gibson, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243793.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    combustion engine
    combustion process
    combustion factors
    fuel injection
    ANSYS Fluent code
    Opis:
    This paper outlines the methods and results of computations completed using the ANSYS Fluent code modelling the fuel injection and combustion within the K6 engine, a new form of rotary engine in which the fuel is injected in an arc across the top of the cylinder. The model uses the DPM Model in conjunction with a dynamic mesh and non-premixed combustion models to treat the injection as liquid diesel evaporating to C12H23. The outcomes of this model are presented in images displaying the distribution of temperature, and fuel and CO2 concentrations. The limitations pertaining to the maximum injection angles are also studied. The simulation is found to be effective and the results suggestive of successful, clean and complete combustion while presenting some matters, which require further investigation. The article presents temperature within the combustion chamber at various crank angle degrees, ) velocity of fluid within the combustion chamber, effects of impingement with injector offset on temperature and fuel concentration, fuel concentration demonstrating impingement, in cylinder temperature curve.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 4; 263-276
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Bio-ketones from lignocellulosic biomass: experimental investigation on fuel properties, combustion and emissions characteristics of cyclopentanone blend with diesel in compression ignition engine
    Autorzy:
    Doustdar, O.
    Wyszynski, M. L.
    Tsolakis, A.
    Mahmoudi, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133067.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    lubricity
    viscosity
    calorific value
    diesel engine
    cyclopentanone
    emission
    smarność
    lepkość
    wartość opałowa
    silnik spalinowy
    cyklopentanon
    emisja
    Opis:
    Use of alternative fuels in compression ignition engines is the topic for many studies. This paper presents the results of lubricity, calorific value, viscosity, surface tension and density of a ketone blend with diesel to use as a fuel in compression ignition engine. Analyses of fuel properties are vital due to their effect on fuel system. In addition, this study is related to the development of future biofuels and it indicates the effect of oxygen double bond in molecular structure of ketones on important fuel properties. Cyclopentanone which has cyclic molecular structure was used; it can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass through various processing ways. This ketone was blended with diesel fuel at 10% vol. Results from fuel properties tests were compared to the conventional diesel fuel. In the next step this blend was tested in a research diesel engine to analyse its combustion behaviour and emission characteristics of exhaust gases; these results were compared with ultra-low sulphur diesel fuel. Results showed that cyclopentanone, as an additive to diesel, improved surface tension and density of the fuel but in contrast had negative effect on viscosity, lubricity and calorific value of the fuel, but still in the standard range. Combustion behaviour of this fuel in the diesel engine also showed longer ignition delay of ketone blend and also that gaseous emission such as CO and THC are higher than from diesel fuel and NOx emission is less than from conventional diesel fuel combustion.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2017, 56, 4; 81-86
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evaluation of the effect of variable compression ratios performance on opposed piston 2-stroke engine
    Autorzy:
    Alqahtani, A.
    Wyszynski, M. L.
    Mazuro, P.
    Xu, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133658.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    opposed-piston
    AVL BOOST
    VCR
    compression ratio
    numerical simulation
    tłok przeciwbieżny
    stopień sprężania
    symulacja numeryczna
    Opis:
    Numerous skills involving the introduction of (OP) opposed piston engine have been developed in the recent past. Indeed, novel techniques can help to improve the performance of the engine. The aim of this paper is to model and simulate a simple single-cylinder two-stroke opposed-piston engine and minimise fuel consumption and heat loss, using the software programme AVL BOOST™. AVL BOOST is an engine modelling software, which analyses the performance of a modelled single cylinder two-stroke opposed-piston engine by changing desired parameters. In order to meet this aim, experimental results from a unique engine are used to make a comparison with the results obtained from AVL BOOST model. Six combinations of compression ratios (12, 13.5, 15, 16.5, 18 and 19.5) are analysed in this study with the engine speed running at 420 rpm and 1500 rpm. In addition to the compression ratios, the effect of stroke-to-bore (S/B) ratios on OP2S performance is investigated. Various values of S/B ratios, whilst maintaining a constant swept volume, port geometry and combustion timing, and their effect on fuel consumption and heat loss are analysed in this study. A comparison between the two engine speeds with increasing combinations of compression ratios, and the S/B ratios revealed minimal differences in peak pressure, peak temperature, IMEP, ISFC, indicated efficiency and total heat loss. Detailed analyses of these parameters are highlighted in discrete sections of this paper.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2017, 56, 4; 97-106
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Cycle-to-cycle variations of a diesel engine operating with palm biodiesel
    Autorzy:
    Yasin, M. H.
    Mamat, R.
    Abdullah, A. A.
    Abdullah, N. R.
    Wyszynski, M. L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950092.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    cycle-to-cycle variations
    biodiesel
    combustion
    diesel engine
    Opis:
    Biodiesel is one of biodegradable and renewable fuel, which is originated from vegetable oil or animal fats. Different fuel properties of biodiesel produce different combustion characteristics which slightly differ to mineral diesel. Combustion studies on palm-biodiesel and mineral diesel were conducted using a multi-cylinder diesel engine operating at medium engine load at 2500 rpm. The engine was water cooled inline four cylinder diesel engines without exhaust gas recirculation system. Cycle-to-cycle variations of peak cylinder pressure and mean indicated pressure of the test fuels were determined for the combustion characteristics of diesel engine. In-cylinder pressure data for the 200 consecutive cycles were determined using a Kistler pressure transducer and recorded into a combustion analyser. Three different engine loads: 20%, 40% and 60% were selected in this study with a constant engine speed of 2500 rpm. The results show that at lower load, in-cylinder pressure variations for palm biodiesel were lower compared to mineral diesel. However, at medium and high loads, palm biodiesel has dominated the peak cylinder variations. Different combustion cyclic variations for mineral diesel and B100 are observed and generally influenced by psychochemical properties differences including viscosity and density of fuel.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 3; 443-450
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The effect of injection pressure and strategy in a Jaguar V6 diesel engine
    Autorzy:
    Abdullah, N. R.
    Mamat, R.
    Rounce, P.
    Wyszynski, M. L.
    Tsolakis, A.
    Xu, H. M.
    Tian, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242414.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    combustion
    emissions
    injection strategies
    premixed combustion
    ignition delay
    Opis:
    In recent years, the improvement of engine performance and emissions has become an extremely important concern. This study focuses on the injection strategy based on the injection pressure (IP) and duration between pilot injection and the main injection (dMI) using a multi cylinder common rail multiple injections diesel engine. The study was designed to produce improvements in fuel mixing via the injection strategy, to reduce the main ignition delay. This would contribute to a minimum amount of fuel burnt in the premixed combustion phase, leading to a reduction in emissions. Recent evidence shows that premixed combustion is significant in the controlling of emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and soot. Six different IPs combined with a short and long dMI were compared in the attempt to improve engine performance and emissions. The engine performance was measured in terms of brake specific fuel consumption, ignition delay, heat release and peak in-cylinder pressure and emissions, specifically nitrogen oxides (NOx), total unburned hydrocarbons (THC), carbon monoxide (CO) and smoke emissions for each engine test condition. The evidence from this study shows that the effect of IP is more dominant than dMI in terms of peak cylinder pressure, heat release, brake specific fuel consumption and emissions. However, the dMI shows a strong effect at a higher engine speed.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 2; 9-22
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Investigation into particulate size distributions in the exhaust gas of diesel engines fuelled with biodiesel blends
    Autorzy:
    Chuepeng, S.
    Theinnoi, K.
    Xu, H. M.
    Wyszynski, M. L.
    York, A. P. E.
    Hartland, J. C.
    Qiao, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/248072.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    biodiesel
    PM
    combustion
    diesel
    PM size distribution
    Opis:
    Particulate matter (PM) size distributions in the exhaust gas of biodiesel blend fuelled diesel engines have been studied by experimenting firstly on a single cylinder equipped with a pump-line-injector injection system and secondly for comparison on a V6 DI engine equipped with a common rail fuel injection system. Both engines were operated with a biodiesel (RME) blend of B30 and ultra low sulphur diesel fuel (ULSD). Several engine load conditions with and without exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) were selected. Particulate number concentrations vs. the electrical mobility equivalent diameter were examined using a fast differential mobility spectrometer. The effect of engine operating conditions including EGR rates on particulate emissions has been investigated. It is found that PM sizes from combustion of B30 without EGR operation are generally smaller than those from ULSD while number concentrations are higher. This can result in lower PM mass estimates for the B30 case if due care is not taken. When EGR is applied to control nitrogen oxides emissions, both the total PM number and mass are increased and shifted toward the larger sizes for both fuels used in the test. The calculated total PM mass from B30 combustion is lower than in the ULSD case for all the tested engine operating conditions.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 3; 75-82
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Performance of a drop-in biofuel emulsion on a single-cylinder research diesel engine
    Autorzy:
    Bogarra-Macias, M.
    Doustdar, O.
    Fayad, M. A.
    Wyszyński, M. L.
    Tsolakis, A.
    Ding, P.
    Pacek, A.
    Martin, P.
    Overend, R.
    O'Leary, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133126.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    pyrolysis oil
    emulsion
    wood pyrolysis
    engine testing
    olej popirolityczny
    emulsja
    piroliza drewna
    badania silnika
    Opis:
    Current targets in reducing CO2 and other greenhouse gases as well as fossil fuel depletion have promoted the research for alternatives to petroleum-based fuels. Pyrolysis oil (PO) from biomass and waste oil is seen as a method to reduce life-cycle CO2, broaden the energy mix and increase the use of renewable fuels. The abundancy and low prices of feedstock have attracted the attention of biomass pyrolysis in order to obtain energy-dense products. Research has been carried out in optimising the pyrolysis process, finding efficient ways to convert the waste to energy. However, the pyrolysis products have a high content in water, high viscosity and high corrosiveness which makes them unsuitable for engine combustion. Upgrading processes such as gasification, trans-esterification or hydro-deoxynegation are then needed. These processes are normally costly and require high energy input. Thus, emulsification in fossil fuels or alcohols is being used as an alternative. In this research work, the feasibility of using PO-diesel emulsion in a single-cylinder diesel engine has been investigated. In-cylinder pressure, regulated gaseous emissions, particulate matter, fuel consumption and lubricity analysis reported. The tests were carried out of a stable non-corrosive wood pyrolysis product produced by Future Blends Ltd of Milton Park, Oxfordshire, UK. The product is trademarked by FBL, and is a stabilized fraction of raw pyrolysis oil produced in a process for which the patent is pending. The results show an increase in gaseous emissions, fuel consumption and a reduction in soot. The combustion was delayed with the emulsified fuel and a high variability was observed during engine operation.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2016, 55, 3; 9-16
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Plonowanie i jakość ziarna jęczmienia nieoplewionego w zależności od terminu siewu i poziomu nawożenia azotem
    Yielding and quality of naked barley grain depending on sowing date and nitrogen level
    Autorzy:
    Gozdowski, D.
    Wyszyński, Z.
    Kalinowska-Zdun, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/10570597.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie
    Tematy:
    jeczmien nagoziarnisty
    masa 1000 ziaren
    dawki nawozowe
    plonowanie
    ziarno
    liczba klosow
    jakosc
    jeczmien Rastik
    terminy siewu
    uprawa roslin
    jeczmien jary
    zawartosc bialka
    nawozenie azotem
    Źródło:
    Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio E. Agricultura; 2004, 59, 2; 931-940
    0365-1118
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio E. Agricultura
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Visualizing bivariate relationships with hexagonally binned data
    Wizualizacja dwuwymiarowych zależności przy pomocy danych pogrupowanych sześciokątnie
    Autorzy:
    Kozak, M.
    Wnuk, A.
    Gozdowski, D.
    Wyszyński, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/9701.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie. Katedra Zastosowań Matematyki i Informatyki
    Źródło:
    Colloquium Biometricum; 2010, 40
    1896-7701
    Pojawia się w:
    Colloquium Biometricum
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Badania nad zmiennością masy korzenia buraka cukrowego w łanie i jej uwarunkowaniem w polowym doświadczeniu czynnikowym 2(5)
    Studies on variation of root weight of sugar beet plant in a population and its determination in 2(5) factorial field experiment
    Autorzy:
    Wyszynski, Z.
    Madry, W.
    Kalinowska-Zdun, M.
    Rozbicki, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/801609.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1997
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    buraki cukrowe
    masa korzeniowa
    zmiennosc
    czynniki agrotechniczne
    terminy siewu
    terminy zbiorow
    nawozenie azotem
    dawki nawozowe
    metody nawozenia
    czynniki srodowiska
    doswiadczenia czynnikowe
    analiza wariancji
    wspolczynnik regresji
    Opis:
    The aim of the paper is to evaluate the effects of five agrotechnical factors on: a) mean root weight of sugar beet plants per plot and within-plot standard deviation of root weight, b) coefficient of determination for root weight of sugar beet plants by three independent variables x₁, x₂ and х₃ and standardised partial regression coefficients for those independent variables. The factors investigated in a 2⁵ factorial field experiment were: sowing date (A), harvest date (B), N rate (C), N application date (D) and division of N rate (E). Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out using plants from one row of 10 m length for each of 32 experimental plots. The independent variables were: xi - the state of plant development 30 days after sowing (measured by the number of leaves), x₂ - growing space per plant in a population, х₃ - coefficient of location, defined as the ratio of half the distance to its the nearest neighbour within the row to half the distance to its further neighbour within the row. A factorial analysis was carried out using the above parameters concerning a sugar beet population. It was proved that: 1) variation of root weight of sugar beet plants in a population was significantly larger for early sowing compared to late sowing and was larger for late harvest and higher N rate compared to the other levels of these factors, 2) the influence of development stage (x₁) on root weight was significantly larger for early sowing compared to late. A higher N rate increased the influence of the x₁ variable, 3) the effect of growing space (x₂) on root weight was larger for early sowing date and late harvest date, 4) the interactions between factors in a sugar beet population as presented in this paper are complicated and modified by agrotechnical factors and weather conditions, and should be further studied in other experiments.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych; 1997, 439
    0084-5477
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Electrochemical microprocessing assisted by Diode Pumped Solid State Nd:YAG pulse laser
    Autorzy:
    Wyszyński, D.
    Skoczypiec, S.
    Grabowski, M.
    Ruszaj, A.
    Lipiec, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/99549.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Wrocławska Rada Federacji Stowarzyszeń Naukowo-Technicznych
    Tematy:
    electrochemical machining
    laser beam machining
    micromachining
    Opis:
    The use of hybrid machining methods for parts and devices production become more and more attractive nowadays. The paper presents results of modelling use of DPSS (Diode Pumped Solid State) pulse laser for intensification of electrochemical processes in machine part production. Application of DPSS pulse laser enables possibility to reach high level of localization in both machining and growth processes. Laser beam energy accelerates electrochemical processing, improves process localization and prevents other than the machined surface passivation. These conditions should improve electrochemical micro part precision of manufacturing by means of shape and dimensional accuracy in both machining and growth ECM processing.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Machine Engineering; 2012, 12, 1; 131-142
    1895-7595
    2391-8071
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Machine Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zróżnicowanie opadów atmosferycznych w rejonie Kaffioyry (NW Spitsbergen) w sezonie letnim w latach 1980-2008
    Atmospheric precipitation differentiation in the Kaffioyra region (NW Spitsbergen) in summer season, 1980-2008
    Autorzy:
    Przybylak, R.
    Araźny, A.
    Kejna, M.
    Maszewski, R.
    Wyszyński, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260663.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    Spitsbergen
    Kaffioyra
    sezon letni
    opady atmosferyczne
    cyrkulacja atmosferyczna
    summer season
    precipitation
    atmospheric circulation
    Opis:
    W opracowaniu przedstawiono zróżnicowanie warunków opadowych w rejonie Kaffioyry (NW Spitsbergen) w sezonie letnim na podstawie danych z lat 1980-2008. Zbadano wpływ cyrkulacji atmosferycznej i warunków lokalnych na opady atmosferyczne. Uzyskane wyniki porównano ze stacją Ny-Alesund.
    Precipitation in the Arctic, including Spitsbergen, is very important for both the biosphere and for the mass balance of glaciers. Our knowledge about its values inside Arctic islands is limited because almost all meteorological stations are located on tundra below 200 m a.s.l. Therefore any information about precipitation conditions occurring on glaciated and non-glaciated areas lying in the inner parts of Spitsbergen is very valuable. In this paper we present results of precipitation measurements carried out in north-western Spitsbergen (the Kaffioyra region and the Ny Alesund station) in selected summer seasons during the period 1980-2008. Precipitation measurements in the Kaffioyra region have been done during Toruń Polar Expeditions in three stations (base station – Kaffioyra-Heggodden (KH) and two glacier stations located in the lower part (LW1) and upper part (LW2) (see Figure 1 and Table 1). Data for the Ny Alesund (NA) station were obtained from the Norwegian Meteorological Institute. In the KH and NA stations measurements were recorded every day, while in LW1 and LW2 they were generally taken every 1-2 days. Results of precipitation conditions are presented for a common period of observations, i. e. for 21st July-31st August. The influence of atmospheric circulation on precipitation was investigated using the catalogue of circulation types constructed by Niedźwiedź (2009). In the summer season precipitation is greater at the end of the study period, than at the beginning. Year-to-year variability of summer precipitation totals is very large. For example, in KH, the highest precipitation (122.5 mm) occurred in 1997, while the lowest (12.3 mm) was in 2007 (Table 2). Also, the frequency of daily precipitation (.0.1 mm) is significantly greater in most wet summer (61.9%) than in most dry summer (28.6%) (see Table 3). Daily precipitation of .10 mm is rare in the KH station and occurred in only 4 out of the 12 summer seasons. It is well known that precipitation is greater in the inner parts of Spitsbergen than in tundra areas. Less is known, however, about the magnitudes of these differences. For the Kaffioyra region precipi-tation observations are available for 9 summer seasons (Tables 5 and 6). From these Tables and Figure 2 it is clear that precipitation on glaciers is almost always greater than in tundra. On average, summer precipitation totals are greater in LW1 and LW2 than in KH by 21.5 and 35.1 mm, respectively. The greatest differences occurred in 1980, while the lowest were in 2007, when even in LW1 precipitation was lower than in KH (Table 5, Figure 3). Lapse rates of precipitation in the Kaffioyra region are greatest between tundra and glaciated areas (oscillating between 13.2mm/100m and 18.5mm/100m between KH and LW2 and KH and LW1, respectively (Table 7)). On the other hand, this lapse rate between stations LW1 and LW2 is the lowest (only 10.7 mm/100 m). Correlation coefficients of 10-day precipitation totals between the meteorological stations in the Kaffioyra region are very high and exceed 0.9. The greatest precipitation in the Kaffioyra region occurred during the inflow of air masses from the southern sector (Table 8, Fig. 7).
    Źródło:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2009, 19; 189-202
    1234-0715
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Fluorescencja chlorofilu - nowe narzędzie do oceny fotosyntezy roślin jęczmienia, rosnących przy różnych dawkach azotu
    Chlorophyll fluorescence - new tool for photosynthetic performance evaluation of barley plants grown under different nitrogen rates
    Autorzy:
    Kalaji, H.M.
    Wolejko, E.
    Loboda, T.
    Pietkiewicz, S.
    Wyszynski, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/794130.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
    Opis:
    Analizowano wpływ zastosowania różnych dawek azotu do środowiska glebowego na intensywność fotosyntezy i fluorescencję chlorofilu a liści jęczmienia jarego browarnego. Badane odmiany (Maresi, Poldek i Rasbet) wykazały różną reakcję na dodanie azotu. Stosowane dawki azotu (0, 30, 60 i 90 kg·ha⁻¹) miały wyraźny wpływ na proces fotosyntezy, wyrażony za pomocą głównych wielkości fluorescencji chlorofilu a. Dawki 30 i 60 kg N·ha⁻¹ wywierały największy wpływ na mierzone parametry u odmian Poldek i Rasbet. Wyraziło się to poprzez zwiększenie maksymalnej wydajności fotochemicznej fotosystemu II (Fv/Fm), efektywną wydajność fotochemiczną fotosystemu II (Y) oraz wygaszanie fotochemiczne (qP). Natomiast dawka 90 kg N·ha⁻¹ nie spowodowała jakichkolwiek zmian. Najwyższe wartości wygaszania niefotochemicznego stwierdzono w przypadku dawki 30 kg N·ha⁻¹, co wskazuje na wysoki stopień utraty energii promienistej w postaci ciepła. Sugeruje to, że dawka 60 kg·ha⁻¹ może być - potwierdzoną biologicznie - optymalną w przypadku nawożenia azotem badanych odmian jęczmienia, gdy wystąpią warunki okresowej suszy, uniemożliwiające wykorzystanie dawki uzupełniającej azotu. Zmierzone wartości parametrów fluorescencji u odm. Maresi wskazują na najkorzystniejsze reakcje i stabilność reakcji fluorescencji chlorofilu a (aparatu asymilacyjnego) wobec zastosowanych kombinacji nawozowych. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań wskazują na potrzebę stosowania pomiarów fluorescencji chlorofilu a jako użytecznego narzędzia, które będzie pomocne przy określaniu potrzeb nawozowych roślin w warunkach polowych, ale wraz z komplementarnym pomiarem intensywności fotosyntezy.
    Plants grown under field environmental conditions are often subjected to various stresses throughout their life cycle. Nitrogen availability in soil environments has a vital role as one of the most important factors limiting plant growth. In our experiment, using chlorophyll a fluorescence technique, the effect of different nitrogen doses application to soil environment on brewer’s barley leaf photosynthetic performance was studied. Examined barley cultivars (Maresi, Poldek and Rasbet) showed different responses to nitrogen addition. Different nitrogen doses (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg·ha⁻¹) had obvious effect on plant photosynthetic performance expressed by principal chlorophyll a fluorescence magnitudes. Doses 30 and 60 kg·ha⁻¹ showed a superior effect on the measured parameters in cvs Poldek and Rasbet. This was expressed through the enhancement of maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), effective photochemical yield of photosystem II (Y), and photochemical quenching (qP). On the other hand, 90 kg·ha⁻¹ dose, did not cause any significant outcome. The highest values of non-photochemical quenching were found in the case of 30 kg·ha⁻¹ nitrogen dose use thus indicating a high loss of light energy as heat. This suggests that 60 kg·ha⁻¹ dose seems to be - biologically confirmed - optimum level of nitrogen fertilization for tested barley cultivars, when conditions of temporal drought make impossible to exploit an additional rate of nitrogen, occur. The measured chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters of cv. Maresi did not respond to any nitrogen doses. This points out its most advantageous reactions and stability of chlorophyll a fluorescence (assimilatory apparatus) to applied nitrogen treatments. This research indicates that chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements can be used as a useful tool to achieve direct judgment for fertilization needs of plants growing under field conditions but necessarily together with complementary measurements of photosynthetic intensity.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych; 2004, 496, 2
    0084-5477
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Warunki topoklimatyczne w sezonach letnich w rejonie Kaffioyry (NW Spitsbergen) w latach 2005-2009
    Topoclimatic conditions in summer seasons in the Kaffioyra region (NW Spitsbergen) in the years 2005-2009
    Autorzy:
    Kejna, M.
    Przybylak, R.
    Araźny, A.
    Jankowska, J.
    Maszewski, R.
    Wyszyński, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/261009.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    Spitsbergen
    Kaffioyra
    topoklimat
    temperatura powietrza
    wilgotność względna
    kierunek i prędkość wiatru
    topoclimat
    air temperature
    relative humidity
    wind direction and speed
    Opis:
    W artykule przedstawiono zróżnicowanie temperatury i wilgotności względnej powietrza oraz kierunku i prędkości wiatru w rejonie Kaffioyry (NW Spitsbergen) w sezonach letnich 2005-2009. Na podstawie pomiarów w 8 punktach stwierdzono znaczne różnice topoklimatyczne uwarunkowane rodzajem podłoża, wyso-kością nad poziom morza, odległością od morza, ekspozycją oraz lokalną cyrkulacją atmosferyczną. W rejonie Kaffioyry często występują sytuacje inwersyjne, związane nie tylko ze stratyfikacją termiczno-wilgotnościową napływających mas powietrza, ale również oddziaływaniem czynników lokalnych. Zróżnicowanie topoklima-tyczne zmienia się w zależności od stopnia zachmurzenia i pory doby oraz w czasie formowania się wiatrów lokalnych (wiatry lodowcowe i fenowe).
    The paper presents the spatial differentiation of the meteorological conditions in the summer seasons in the Kaffiřyra in the period 2005-2009. The meteorological measurement points (4 automatic weather stations and 4 electronic devices measuring temperature and humidity, 2 m a.g.l.) were located on the Kaffiřyra Plain (KH) on the Waldemar Glacier area (ATA, LW1, LW2) and on the mountains: Kuven (KU), Grĺfjellet (GF) and Prins Heinrichfjella (PH1, PH2). The analysed five seasons had changeable weather conditions dependent on types of synoptic situations. The highest air temperatures were recorded on the coast (KH 5.8°C) and on the marginal zone of the Waldemar Glacier (ATA 5.1°C). On the glaciated area air temperature is decreasing with the altitude (LW2 2.9°C). The largest temperature lapse-rate is recorded at the transitional area between the glacier and its marginal zone. Growing altitude lowers air temperature on the mountain ridges (GF 4.0°C, PH2 3.6°C), but temperature inversions are recorded quite frequently in the region. Relative air humidity is high due to low temperature and large frequency of occurrence of maritime air masses. The highest mean relative air humidity was recorded on the coast (KH 88%) and on the firn field of the Waldemar Glacier (LW2 84%) as well as on the mountain ridges (PH2 92%). The course of the relative humidity is significantly influenced by foehn winds. Wind directions and velocity in the study area are strongly dependent on the synoptic situation and influence of local factors, mainly orography (foehn winds). Wind regime in the Waldemar Glacier significantly differs from that observed in the Kaffiřyra (here the tunnel effect is observed as a consequence of the narrow Forlandsundet, presences to the abovementioned plain), mainly due to katabatic winds occurrence.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2010, 20; 63-81
    1234-0715
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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