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Tytuł:
Bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne państwa, pod red. E. Ury, S. Pieprznego, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, Rzeszów 2015, ss. 549, ISBN 978-83-7996-116-0.
State’s internal security, ed. by E. Ura, S. Pieprzny, Publishing House of the University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów 2015
Autorzy:
Wojtczak, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/924315.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-04
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2016, 4 (16); 201-205
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
W kwestii wyższego stopnia naukowego doktora w Polsce Ludowej
Higher doctoral degrees in the Polish People’s Republic
Autorzy:
Wojtczak, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/927031.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-04
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Polska Ludowa
stopień doktora odpowiednich nauk
Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa
stopień doktora nauk
warunki nadawania wyższego stopnia naukowego
Opis:
A higher academic degree that could be earned in the Polish People’s Republic was that of a doctor of a given branch of science (until 1951) or a doctor of science (1951–1958). These degrees were conferred pursuant to diff erent legislative acts of varying importance including an act of parliament, a decree, an order, a regulation or a statute, all of them governing the regime and the functioning of schools of higher education and other establishments of tertiary education. While the legal provisions applicable to the conferral of academic degrees were relatively stable in the intitial postwar years (and were subject to the same law binding in 1924–1952 with only minor amendments), the law adopted in 1951 introduced more revolutionary changes. Based on the Soviet model, they virtually broke with the Polish tradition of higher academic degrees.During the analysed period, alongside the reforms in the conferral of degrees, also the requirements and conditions for candidates for a higher academic degree were changing. Likewise, organs participating in the process, operating within the organisational structures of the establishments as well as those outside their structures, were a subject to change. Hence an attempt in this article to answer the following questions: (1) for whom was the right to register candidates for a doctor’s degree reserved, (2) what was the level of participation of the central organs in the process, and what was the level of involvement of the establishments of higher education and other scientifi c institutions (as of 1951), (3) who could apply for registration and what were the regulations governing the whole process, and whether (4) the communist regulations governing the process of the conferral of academic degrees actually added to their importance and the academic advancement or rather acted to the contrary.An important element in the analysis was identifi cation of the legally formulated and applied requirements which doctoral dissertations had to meet, as well as examination of the grades or evaluations given by reviewers of doctoral dissertations in years 1945–1951 and 1952- 1958.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2016, 4 (16); 33-58
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Habilitacje w Polsce Ludowej. Część 2. Warunki i przebieg habilitacji w prawie o stopniach i tytułach naukowych
Habilitation degrees in the Polish People’s Republic. Part 2. Requirements and conditions of habilitation proceedings under the law on academic degrees and titles
Autorzy:
Wojtczak, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/927233.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-04
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
academic degree of docent
academic degree of doktor habilitowany
requirements before candidates in habilitation proceedings
requirements before institutions applying for the right to confer docent and doktor habilitowany degrees
relevant bodies
Opis:
Habilitation proceedings ending with a conferral of an academic degree were first introduced in the Polish People’s Republic by virtue of the Act on higher education of 1958. The academic title of docent, which the Act also provided for, was later endorsed by the Act of 1965 on academic titles and academic degrees. Another academic degree of ‘habilitated doctor’ (doktor habilitowany) functioned from 1968 and continued through subsequent legislative acts in force until 1990 as well as through the years after later reforms. The changes in higher education implemented in 1965–1990 were not fi nal and continued to be modifi ed in the following areas: (1) the branches and science and disciplines in which the academic degrees of docent or doktor habilitowany could be conferred; (2) the requirements which institutions (establishments of higher education, research units of the Polish Academy of Sciences and other research entities) had to fulfi l before earning the rights to confer the academic degrees referred to above; (3) establishment of the lists of institutions entitled to confer these academic degrees. The solutions then adopted were by no means triggered by the intention to replace the academic degree of docent with a degree of doktor habilitowany. On the contrary, the majority of changes, of which those happening after 1985 were even more politically biased, did not refl ect any legal need but aimed at restricting the autonomy of schools of higher  education in the scope of conferring academic degrees. This tendency extended to the conditions of commencing habilitation proceedings and the very course of the proceedings. As of 1985 one of the requirements of the key factors qualifying successful candidates was an ‘impeccable civic attitude.’ After 1985, most of the activities which had been till then conducted by committees appointed Faculty councils, were to be taken up by the relevant councils, although the latter were allowed to appoint from time to time committees to perform some of the activities related to habilitation proceedings. The Act of 1965 abandoned the requirement of the candidate’s habilitation lecture, re-established in 1985.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2017, 2 (18); 43-81
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
W sprawie habilitacji w projektach założeń Prawa szkolnictwa wyższego (Ustawa 2.0)
On ‘habilitation’ in the draft Act on higher education (Act 2.0)
Autorzy:
Wojtczak, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/927253.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-04
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2017, 2 (18); 189-203
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
W sprawie kierunków studiów w projektach założeń Prawa szkolnictwa wyższego (Ustawa 2.0)
On degree courses in the draft Act on Higher Education (Act 2.0)
Autorzy:
Wojtczak, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/927530.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-03-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2018, 1 (21); 153-173
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kompetencje i zadania jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w zakresie bezpieczeństwa zdrowia ludności
Competences And Tasks Of Local Self-Government Units With Regard To The Safety Of The Health Of The Population
Autorzy:
Wojtczak, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/927583.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-09-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
local self-government
health protection and promotion
medical entities
Opis:
The creation of conditions aimed at ensuring the health of the population is a supreme value. Polish legal solutions make it a constitutional obligation of the State and local self-government. The current Constitution of the Republic of Poland of2 April 1997 does not define the limits of this obligation; it only states that the conditions for ensuring everyone’s right to health protection and the scope of health services that are financed from public funds are to be specified by statute. In fact, the system leaves almost complete freedom in this area to the legislator. In the article the solutions adopted by local self-government units in 1991–2018 are evaluated. In order to fulfil certain competences and tasks imposed by law on the commune, poviat and self-governing regional bodies, the legislator has determined two spheres of their activity: (i) implementation of their own tasks in the field of health protection and health promotion, and (ii) establishment and running of entities which before 2011 were termed public health care facilities and after 2011 changed their name into medical entities which are not entrepreneurs. In neither of these spheres of activity is the participation of local government units identical. In the first sphere, the differences result from both the constitutional acts shaping their own tasks in the field of health protection, as well as health programmes which they adopt for their implementation. In the second sphere, however, the differences are a result of statutory solutions that base the model of health care on values that are not uniformly understood. Before 2011, they were conducted and maintained fully, or to a limited extent, from public funds, whereas after 2011 they were maintained from public funds only, when a budgetary unit was selected as an organisational formula of a self-government medical entity. The solutions of the Act of 2011 in its original wording pointed tended to favour commercialisation of the public health sector. The negative side of the solutions adopted is the extraordinary lack of diligence in exercising legislative diligence, especially in the scope of defining the competences and tasks of local self-government units in relation to the medical entities created/ run by these units.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2018, 3 (23); 9-49
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tytuł profesora w pierwszych latach przemian ustrojowych Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
The Title of Professor in the First Years Following the Political Transformation in Republic of Poland
Autorzy:
Wojtczak, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/910730.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
titles of professor until 1990
title of professor from 1990
conditions and procedure for conferring academic titles in the years 1990–2011
Opis:
The political changes initiated in 1989 affected many sectors of the state’s activity, including higher education and science. In 1990, the Sejm passed two new Laws – on Higher Education, and on Academic Degrees and Title. The former placed greater emphasis than before on the freedom to conduct scientific research. With the second act, it finally abandoned the possibility provided for by the 1965 solutions of granting two different titles of professor, i.e., associate professor and full professor, by introducing one academic title – “professor”. For the purposes of evaluating and establishing the significance of the solutions adopted by the 1990 Law, this article presents the procedure and conditions for awarding the titles of professor provided for in the 1965 Law in the wording in force prior to its repeal in 1990, as well as those introduced set out in the 2003 Law and in force until its amendment in 2011. The replacement of the two titles of professor with a single academic title did not limit the range of proposals for changes introduced at that time. In the article, particular attention is devoted to these. The main trend in research comes down to: (1) how the degree and scope of regulations adopted in 1990 differed from earlier solutions, and (2) whether, in the context of the 2003 Law they were sufficient and served the quality of academic advancements well. It is only by basing research on previous findings in this respect that conclusions could be drawn as to the legal meaning and significance of conferring the title of professor in the years 1990–2011. This approach in achieving the purpose of the discussions was also important foranother reason. It made it possible to emphasize the changes in terms of awarding the title of professor from the solutions in force during the Polish People’s Republic to the norms adopted in the initial years of the political transformation, as well as to the new regulations introduced in the more strongly established Republic of Poland. These were not the same solutions, and the Act of 1990 placed them in thegroup of liberal solutions.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2020, 2, 30; 9-47
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Habilitacja jako warunek awansu naukowego w Polsce w latach 1990–2018
Habilitacja as a condition of scientific advancement i Poland in the years 1990-2018
Autorzy:
Wojtczak, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/911259.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
right to confer the academic degree of doktor habilitowany in the years 1990–2018
right to conduct ‘habilitation’ proceedings
conditions for instituting and conducting ‘habilitation’ proceedings
resolutions on the conferral or refusal to confer the academic degree of doktor habilitowany
Opis:
The right to conduct habilitacja (“habilitation”) proceedings under Polish law is not a new solution. These proceedings were conducted both in the interwar period, in the first years of the People’ s Poland, and during the Polish People’s Republic. The solutions adopted in those periods differed. Until the end of People’s Poland, the proceedings ended with the right to lecture (veniam legendi) but with no possibility of obtaining a scientific degree, in the years 1951–1958, following the example of Soviet solutions, the proceedings allowed to obtain a scientific degree of doctor of sciences, from 1958 to obtain a degree of a docent (assistant professor), and from 1968 – the degree of doktor habilitowany. The differences in legal solutions adopted at that time were also clearly visible in the conditions which higher education institutions had to meet in order to obtain the right to conduct the proceedings and confer titles, and candidates to be promoted to a higher degree of doktor habilitowany. Although the possibility of acquiring the degree of doktor habilitowany was retained from 1990 onwards, the legal conditions for the conduct of habilitacja proceedings did not resemble the solutions of previous years. And so, as in the Act of 1965, as well as after 1990 the conferral of academic degrees was excluded from the law on higher education, but this law itself was subject to much more modest regulation. It was not until the Act of 2003 that solutions were introduced to gradually tighten the conditions imposed on organisational units applying for the right to confer the academic degree of doktor habilitowany and on persons applying for the initiation of habilitacja proceedings, as well as on the course of such proceedings. The year 2011 brought revolutionary changes in this respect. The amending law introduced a new order in the process leading to the conferral of the academic degree of doktor habilitowany. It covered not only the requirements which organisational units applying for the right to ‘habilitate’ in the fields of science and scientific disciplines had to satisfy, but also a re-definition of these conditions. The course of the ‘habilitation’ proceedings and the participation in it of the Central Commission and the board of the relevant organisational unit, as well as the person applying for the degree of doktor habilitowany were significantly changed.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2019, 3, 27; 29-72
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lekarze podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej w prawie III Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
Primary Health Care Physicians Under The Law Of The Third Republic Of Poland
Autorzy:
Wojtczak, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/911287.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
family doctors and primary health care physicians
the process of restructuring of the Polish health care system
conditions for providing health care services in the scope of primary health care
Opis:
In 2019, twenty-five years have passed since the implementation of the first legisla-tive act introducing for the first time family doctors (primary health care physicians) into the Polish model of basic health care. The beginning of changes in this area, falling in the nineties of the last century, was not easy and has not yet been complete but will continue until the end of 2024. Over the years, not only the conditions for the education and professional development of primary health care physicians, in-cluding family doctors, have undergone changes. Also the organisational and legal forms of providing basic health services by this group of doctors were changing, as well as the conditions allowing patients, the recipients of medical services, to choose their doctor from among those with whom health insurance institutions (health insurance funds, or the National Health Fund) concluded agreements on the provision of basic health care services, or those employed by a medical entity with whom the National Health Fund signed relevant agreements.The scope of changes introduced at that time was wide, and when it started at the beginning of the 1990s it was almost impossible to achieve the goals without the support of the World Bank and the PHARE programme, alongside the efforts of the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare and three regional health care consortia (unions). Their work and contribution of each of them and their activities were sig-nificant and together constituted a solid basis for further work on the improvement of the model of a universal primary health care after 1998.The Act on primary health care of 2017 has completed the process of changes in this respect. For the first time, the objectives of the basic, or primary health care have been clearly defined. Although the implementation of each of these objectives is to serve the patient who is the recipient of the services, the value of the services pro-vided by primary care physicians varies. Family doctors (general practitioners) are to provide the patient and the patient’s family with health care services, coordinating at the same time all the stages of the process of their provision. However, the social mission of their profession is to ensure the implementation of broader tasks, such as health promotion adapted to the needs of various groups of society, education of the medical services recipients in the field of responsibility for their own health, as well as shaping pro-health awareness, setting health priorities of the population covered by care and implementation of preventive actions.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2019, 2, 26; 9-52
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tytuł profesora w postępowaniu przed Radą Doskonałości Naukowej
The title of professor in proceedings before the Council for Scientific Excellence
Autorzy:
Wojtczak, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1832660.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
requirements for candidates for the title of professor
Council for Scientific Excellence
President of the Republic of Poland
Opis:
The Act of 20 July 2018 on Higher Education and Science is the eighth Polish normative act of statutory rank since 1920 to deal with matters concerning the title of professor, not counting separate acts and their amendments. It is also the first act based on the regulations in force before 1965 to regulate in a single act matters of higher education and science. Despite their new formulation, not all of the solutions implemented by this Act imply a full withdrawal from the regulations adopted in previous years. What is absolutely new in it, however, is the simplification of the procedure and conditions of the proceedings for conferring the title of professor through: (1) a new definition of fields of science (arts) and scientific disciplines (artistic disciplines) based, following the OECD classification, on the two-tier qualification of sciences (with some exceptions); (2) the constitution of the Council for Scientific Excellence, as a new institution, as of 1 January 2021 exclusively endowed with the right to initiate proceedings for the conferment of the title of professor (including refusal) and the subsequent process, ending with a positive or negative decision of that Council. Other solutions of this law have been subject to broader or narrower changes or have been retained in their current wording. Those of such a nature constitute answers to the following questions: (1) On whom may the title of professor be conferred, and in relation to whom, despite meeting the requirements for it, is this unacceptable, for other statutory reasons?; (2) What requirements does the legislator expect from a candidate for this academic title, and to what extent do the expectations placed on them – outstanding scientific (artistic) achievements – go beyond the framework of the previously binding standards in this regard?; (3) What determines the selection of candidates for reviewers in this procedure, and what is the procedure for selecting them?; (4) What are the conditions for a candidate’s legal protection against negative decisions by the Council for Scientific Excellence, taking into account (5) the conditions for the President of the Republic of Poland’s participation in this procedure, which have remained unchanged since 1990?
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2021, 2, 34; 9-63
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pozycja prawna wojewody w procesie przemian II Rzeczypospolitej
The legal position of the voivode in the process of transforming the Second Republic of Poland
Autorzy:
Wojtczak, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2037550.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
political and systemic changes of the highest state authorities
reconstruction of administration at the local level
legal position and role of the voivode in the Second Republic of Poland
Opis:
The article considers the legal status of the voivode during the interwar period, the time of the difficult restoration of the Polish identity and the creation of the Polish state in the post-Partition lands with three separate systems of territorial division and local administration. The legal situation of the office of the voivode is closely related to the establishment of the systemic foundations of the highest Polish authorities (legislative and executive) and local administration (initially, on the territory of the former Kingdom of Poland and then on the gradually annexed former Polish territories). The author refers to both spheres of legal activity of the Polish state at that time. She discusses the primary political acts, i.e. the March Constitution (1921), the April Constitution (1935) and the Constitutional Act (1926), as well as regulations concerning county administrative authorities of the first instance, situated in the then two-tier (ministries – county offices) administrative apparatus. Attention is primarily focused on the acts directly concerning the position of the voivode, i.e. the Act of 2 August 1919, the Regulation of the President of the Republic of 19 January 1928, and executive acts issued on the basis of these, and against whose background the importance of the legal institution of the voivode is presented: during the time of attempts to unify the administrative system (1918–1928), and in the period of changes leading to a uniform organisational structure of voivodship administrative authorities (1928–1939). The analysis makes it possible to state that successive legal conditions strengthened the political position of the voivode. In both periods covered by the analysis, the voivode was a representative of the government (with broader competences in 1928–1939), the executor of orders from individual ministers, the head of state and local government authorities and offices (1918–1928), the head of general administrative bodies subordinate to him, and the supervisory body over local government (1928–1939). The position of the voivode in the interwar period was unquestionably very strong.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2021, 3, 35; 9-53
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wojewoda w procesie politycznych i administracyjnych przemian Polski Ludowej w latach 1944–1950
The voivode in the process of the political and administrative transformation of ‘People’s Poland’ in the years 1944–1950
Autorzy:
Wojtczak, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28409260.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
political and systemic transformations of the highest state authorities
construction of administration at the local level
legal position and role of the voivode in ‘People’s Poland’
Opis:
The article considers the legal status of the voivode in post-war Poland ruined by the Nazi occupation, deprived of its own administrative apparatus (from 1939) and the construction of this position from scratch under new rules dictated by Moscow (from 1944).This periodisation was not matched by the ability to preserve Poland’s administrative apparatus. In occupied Poland, this function was not fulfilled by the highest Polish authorities in exile and their expatriate branches in the country. This opened the way for Moscow (strengthened by an amenable attitude from the Allies) to build the ‘People’s Poland’ (1) with an apparatus of supreme power (in the period before and after the enactment of the February Constitution) and (2) local, decentralised power (from 1944 based on national councils, and until 1950, also based in general administrative bodies – voivodes, starosts and local government administration).The author refers to both spheres of legal activity in the process of constructing this administrative apparatus. In chronological order, she discusses the basic legal acts enacted by the supreme authorities of the time. She focuses her attention primarily on acts directly concerning local administration, with particular emphasis on the institution of the voivode, which from 1944 was incorporated into the system of national councils, following the example of ‘people’s’ states.This analysis enables the conclusion to be drawn that the legal conditions at the time changed the legal status of the voivode, who was nominated by the government (and thus not the head of state). Appointing the voivode required an opinion from the competent national council. The council was empowered with the right of social control over the activities of the voivode. In practice, the influence of the voivodeship national council on the activities of the voivode was weak. The voivode was still the main element in the organisational system of the state’s local administrative apparatus as the representative of the government at the local level, the head of the general (composite) administration and the chairman of the executive body of the local government. The voivode’s competences excluded that of supervising local government bodies. In the years 1945–1949, a different status applied to the governors of the Recovered Territories.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2023, 2 (42); 9-40
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O stopniach naukowych w Polsce Ludowej. Część 1. Niższe stopnie naukowe
Academic degrees in the Polish People’s Republic. Part 1. Lower academic degrees
Autorzy:
Wojtczak, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909499.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-04
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
magister lub stopień naukowy równorzędny
kandydat nauk
doktor
warunki nadawania niższych stopni naukowych w Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej
Opis:
W okresie objętym analizą (1947–1990) nadawania niższych stopni naukowych bez wątpienia nie cechowała stabilność rozwiązań. Różnice nimi wprowadzane były ponadto wielowarstwowe. Po pierwsze, w początkach Polski Ludowej za niższe stopnie naukowe uznawano tytuły ukończenia szkoły wyższej, od 1951 r. nadane stopnie naukowe kandydata nauk, a od 1958 r. stopnie naukowe doktora. Po drugie, warunki nabycia poszczególnych stopni naukowych i drogi prowadzące do tego celu były różne i niestałe. Po trzecie, wielokrotne odstępstwa od zasad ogólnych odnoszących się do warunków stawianych przed kandydatami do niższego stopnia naukowego, w tym szczególnie kandydata nauk i doktora, uzasadniano przypadkami szczególnymi. Po czwarte, zmianom podlegały gałęzie nauk i dyscypliny naukowe, w obrębie których możliwe było nadawanie niższych stopni naukowych. Po piąte, prawo do nadawania tych stopni naukowych przez rady wydziałów szkół wyższych, później także przez rady naukowe placówek PAN i instytutów istniejących poza szkołami wyższymi, ewoluowało stosownie do warunków im stawianych. Po szóste, stosownie do pozycji i pełnionej roli zmieniał się udział w tym postępowaniu innych organów (właściwego ministra sprawującego nadzór nad szkołą wyższą, Rady Głównej Szkolnictwa Wyższego i Centralnej Komisji Kwalifikacyjnej). Rozwiązania w zakresie nadawania niższych stopni naukowych, przyjęte reformami z 1947 i 1951 r., były, w pewnym uproszczeniu, ze sobą porównywalne. Od nich zdecydowanie natomiast odbiegały rozwiązania wdrożone ustawami lat kolejnych, szczególnie ustawami z 1958, 1982 i 1985 r. o szkolnictwie wyższym oraz ustawą z 1965 r. o stopniach naukowych i tytułach naukowych – wraz z ich zmianami. Ocena prawnych warunków nabywania niższych stopni naukowych w okresie objętym analizą jest niepełna bez objęcia nią także organizacji i zasad realizacji studiów aspiranckich i studiów doktoranckich, zakończonych przygotowaniem dysertacji naukowej (kandydackiej, doktorskiej). Temu zagadnieniu poświęcona jest część druga artykułu
In the period researched in this article (1947–1990) the principles of awarding academic degrees were far from stable (or uniform). What is more, difference between individual degrees were of multiple character. In the initial years shortly after the Polish People’s Republic was formed, a lower academic degree was award ed to every higher school graduate. From 1951on this term referred to degrees awarded to science candidates, and as of 1958 to a degree of a doctor. Secondly, the requirements needed to be satisfied in order to qualify for individual degrees differed and were changing. Thirdly, on and off there were instances where ex emptions were made from the generally binding principles governing awarding of academic degrees, especially in the case of a science candidate and a doctor. Those exemptions, or exceptional treatment, was justified by a reference to an exceptional case. Fourthly, lower academic degrees could not always be obtained in every discipline, and the list of the discipline that qualified candidates for a degree was neither closed nor stable. Fifthly, the rights granted to scientific councils of institutions of higher education, and later to scientific councils of units operating within the Polish Academy of Sciences as well, were also changing, mostly to meet the conditions and requirements which those unites were obliged to fulfil. Sixthly, depending on the role and position of other bodies or organs involved in the process (the minister competent for schools of higher education, the Main Council of Higher Education, or the Central Qualifications Committee) their say and role was also changing. For the sake of a certain simplification, it may be stated that solutions adopted as a result of the reforms of 1947 and 1951were comparable, while those implemented in subsequent years, particularly by acts on higher education of 1958, 1982 and 1985 and the act of 1965 on academic degrees and scientific titles as later amended, differed considerably from earlier solutions. The assessment, from a legal point of view, of the conditions of awarding lower academic degrees in the period researched would, however, have been incom- plete if the organisation of doctoral studies as well as the manner of their delivery leading to the preparation and submission of a doctoral dissertation by a degree candidate, had been examined as well. This issue will be the subject of the second part of this article.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2016, 1 (13); 27-65
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O stopniach naukowych w Polsce Ludowej. Część 2. Organizacja aspirantury naukowej i studiów doktoranckich
On academic degrees in the Polish People’s Republic. Part 2. Organisation of post-graduate studies (aspirantura) and doctoral studies
Autorzy:
Wojtczak, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/923398.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-04
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
scientific aspirantura
doctoral studies
recruitment and organisation of doctoral studies between 1951–1990
warunki przyjęcia i organizacja tych studiów na przestrzeni lat 1951–1990
aspirantura naukowa
studia doktoranckie
Opis:
Between 1952–1990 a lower academic degree could be earned in a number of ways, two of which were post graduate studies (aspirantura) and doctoral studies. The organisation of post graduate studies followed the Soviet solution available from 1951. Participants obtained a title of a science candidate. Doctoral studies, implemented in 1958, allowed participants to earn a title of a doctor. The two ways discussed in the paper differed significantly but shared a common feature: the solu tions which they implemented served firstly, to recruit candidates ready to engage in research and academic teaching; secondly, to ensure the social and economic society availability of professionals with qualifications exceeding the knowledge gained at an institution of higher education; thirdly, to provide institutional scientific guardianship to doctoral students working on their dissertations; fourthly, to realise the educational programme prepared for doctoral students who were adequately prepared for post graduate studies; and fifthly, to precisely define the status of scientific researchers working on scientific dissertations and to establish the principles upon which they received financial and social assistance. In both cases, education leading to a scientific degree differed in stability. While those regarding aspirantura were largely constant and durable, doctoral studies lacked this durability. The elements which were taken into consideration when examining the latter form of PhD studies included in particular: determination of the purpose of offering doctoral studies, forms in which doctoral studies were conducted (both for employed and non-employed candidates), recruitment and admission requirements, and the conditions in which the course was conducted. The whole process was also found to be subject to the changing scope of rights and duties of doctoral students, their tutors as well as supervisory bodies responsible for doctoral studies.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2016, 2 (14); 49-91
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Habilitacje w Polsce Ludowej. Część 1. Warunki i przebieg habilitacji w prawie szkół wyższych
Habilitation degrees in the Polish People’s Republic. Part 1. The requirements and conditions of habilitation proceedings under the law on schools of higher education
Autorzy:
Wojtczak, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/927074.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-04
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
the People’s Poland
habilitation procedure
the Polish People’s Republic
habilitation proceedings
conditions entitling to open habilitation proceedings
Opis:
Until 1965 the requirements and conditions of habilitation proceedings in Poland were governed by the law on schools of higher education. The solutions adopted under that law showed a relatively high degree of stability. In the fi rst years after WWII the habilitation qualifi cation was based on the solutions governing in Poland in the 1930s, with only slight changes introduced in the fi rst month after the end of the war. The fi rst reform of higher education of 1947 left the right to confer habilitation degrees with schools of higher education then in existence and retained the existing order of the habilitation proceedings. However, it implemented a number of rather signifi cant amendments in the area of the requirements needed to be fulfi lled at each stage of these proceedings. The right to lecture remained inherent to the habilitation qualifi cation and degree. What changed was the scope of infl uence of the minister of education supervising schools of higher education regarding habilitation proceedings and the appointment of the Main Council of Higher Education with the right of fi nal say and consent to the opening of the habilitation qualifi cation and to run the habilitation proceedings. Habilitation was abandoned by the reform of 1951 and replaced, following the Soviet model, with a higher degree of a doctor of science. Further changes followed in 1958 when it was restored by relevant provisions of the Act on higher education. It was then that more than forty years after Poland regained independence, the habilitation degree was for the fi rst time tied to a successful completion of the habilitation proceedings and earning the degree of a ‘docent’. The Main Council of Higher Education continued to function but its role in habilitation proceedings was reduced to issuing opinions before the minister of higher education decided on habilitation matters. Apart from schools of higher education, the right to confer habilitation degrees was granted to the Polish Academy of Sciences and academic institutions operating outside schools of higher education.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2017, 1 (17); 25-61
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 20

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