Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

English (EN)·Polski (PL)·Yкраїнський (UK)
Przejdź do strony domowej biblioteki Centralna Biblioteka Wojskowa Link otwiera się w nowym oknie Logo biblioteki Prolib Integro - strona głównaCentralna Biblioteka Wojskowa

Wyszukujesz frazę "Wasik, Bogusz" wg kryterium: Autor

  Lista filtrów
Wyrównaj
    Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14
    Tytuł:
    Zamki w typie kasztelu jako siedziby dostojników kościelnych w Prusach
    Castellum-type Castles as Residences of Church Dignitaries in Prussia
    Autorzy:
    Wasik, Bogusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16004222.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Sztuki PAN
    Tematy:
    zamki biskupie
    zamki kapitulne
    kasztel
    zamek konwentualny
    zakon krzyżacki
    episcopal castle
    capitular castle
    castellum-type castle
    conventual castle
    Teutonic Order
    Opis:
    W artykule omówione zostały kasztelowe zamki hierarchii kościelnej (biskupie i kapitulne) w Prusach. Jako adaptacja wzoru zamku konwentualnego cieszyły się długo mniejszym zainteresowaniem badaczy. Analiza obiektów w świetle nowych badań, pod kątem ich techniki budowy, układu przestrzennego i formy wykazuje wiele podobieństw jak i różnice w stosunku do zamków krzyżackich. Widać tu jednocześnie twórcze przetworzenie wzorca na własne cele funkcjonalne i propagandowe.
    Castellum-type castles of the Church hierarchy (bishops and chapters) in Prussia are discussed. As an adaptation of the conventual castle model, for long they remained of lesser interest to scholars. The analysis of the facilities in the light of a new research, in view of their construction technology, spatial layout, and form, reveals many similarities as well as differences versus Teutonic castles. Additionally, a creative transformation of the model to serve the users’ own functional and propaganda purposes can be observed.
    Źródło:
    Biuletyn Historii Sztuki; 2020, 82, 4; 527-558
    0006-3967
    2719-4612
    Pojawia się w:
    Biuletyn Historii Sztuki
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zamek w Świeciu. Topografia i technika budowy zamku krzyżackiego.
    Autorzy:
    Wasik, Bogusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1364550.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Północny im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego w Olsztynie
    Tematy:
    Świecie
    zamek w Świeciu
    zamek krzyżacki
    kasztel
    zakon krzyżacki
    Opis:
    The construction of the castle in Świecie began around 1335. It was located on the fork of the Vistula and Wda rivers. The Vistula initially passed directly under the southern walls of the castle, while the Wda was separated from it. The outer ward protected the wide moat from the west. The next moat surrounded the upper castle on three sides. The outer ward had a plan similar to that of a rectangle. To the west there was a gate with a tower and a cowshed, from the south – the house of the commander and stables, and from the north perhaps also the armoury and infirmary. Surrounded by the parcham, the convent house was built on a square plan with a cylindrical “bergfried” (tower) in the north-west corner and three lower cylindrical towers in the other. It had two fully raised wings – in the north it housed, amongst others, a chapel and refectory, and in the eastern wing a brewery, bakery and dormitory. From the south and west there were single storey buildings present in the Middle Ages, housing a kitchen (in the south) associated rooms and a basement (in the western wing). Based on the analysis of architecture and the results of archaeological research it is possible to reconstruct the stages and techniques of construction. After setting the proportions of the building by the “ad quadratum” method, a perimeter curtain wall was first built. Subsequently, the internal buildings were successively constructed from the main (northern) wing. The area of the courtyard and the parcham were raised by 2–3 metres. Subsequently, the upper floors of the “Bergfried”, the parcham wall, and, finally, the outer ward were erected.
    Źródło:
    Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie; 2018, 300, 2; 211-237
    0023-3196
    2719-8979
    Pojawia się w:
    Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zamek w Radzyniu Chełmińskim. Technika i etapy budowy siedziby krzyżackich komturów i konwentu
    The castle in Radzyń Chełmiński. Technique and stages of building a seat of komturs and the convent of the Teutonic Knights
    Autorzy:
    Wasik, Bogusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/537352.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    Radzyń Chełmiński
    zamek
    Krzyżacy
    architektura
    budownictwo
    castle
    Teutonic Knights
    architecture
    construction
    Opis:
    Radzyń Chełmiński is situated in the northern part of the Chełmno Land. In the Middle Ages, an important route from Pomesania led through that area. In that strategic place, most probably on the basis of an early medieval settlement, the Teutonic Knights led by Herman Balk erected the first fortress in 1234. In 1243, it was one of a few which was not conquered by Prussian rebels. In mid-13th century, it became a komtur’s seat. As the archaeological research has shown, the masonry castle was erected in a new place. On the basis of the research, as well as the architectural analysis of the preserved walls and size of bricks, it is possible to reconstruct the building process of the fortress. In the first phase, in the following stages, which had basically been pre-planned, the convent building was erected. In the first stage, a curtain wall of the convent building was built in narrow-space foundation trenches and, at the same time, window openings, vault prop and toothing for future partition walls of the flanks were prepared. After erecting a curtain wall, the level of the area around the convent house was raised by about 2.5 meters, creating an artificial hill. In the following stage, the main (southern) flank was erected. On the level of the cellars, short rudiments of walls of the neighbouring flanks were built, leading out from its northern wall. Other flanks of the castle were built later. On the basis of the consistency of architecture and the measurement analysis of the bricks, it should be stated that the application in various parts of the building of the Wendish (cellars) and Gothic (ground parts, some partition walls in the cellars) brickwork does not mean that the phases of construction of those elements were distant in time. The sizes of the bricks used in the entire building are consistent irrespective of the brickwork. The use of the Wendish brickwork in the cellars can be explained by the fact that it was used for facing the stone wall, unlike the Gothic brickwork, which was in full brick walls. The buildings erected in the second stage of construction of the castle were made of brick of a visibly larger size. At that time, the bergfried was probably erected, as well as the outer ward with a dansker and an outer bailey. The use of various types of brickwork in the curtain wall of the latter should be explained by work of various teams of bricklayers. In connection with the construction of the elements of the castle listed above, further earth works were performed, that is, the level of the outer ward was elevated and made even, the plateau of the outer bailey was widened from the south and an embankment was constructed in front of its western curtain. The last medieval building works comprised the erection of buildings on the outer ward of the convent house. The chronology of construction of the castle was examined by researches in different ways. On the basis of forms of gables of the main flank, it can be determined that the construction of the convent house was completed in the 40s of the 14th century. Thus, it was probably undertaken before the congress of the dignitaries of the order, which was held in Radzyń in 1329. Perhaps, during the congress, the works on the rooms in the main flank of the castle (the chapel and the refectory) were about to be finished. On the other hand, it should be estimated that the outer ward and the bailey were erected in mid- and second half of the 14th century.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2015, 1; 167-181
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zamek prokuratorski w Unisławiu. Układ przestrzenny i technika budowy w świetle badań archeologiczno-architektonicznych
    The Prosecutor’s Castle in Unisław. Spatial layout and construction technique in the light of archaeological and architectural research
    Autorzy:
    Wasik, Bogusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1927175.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    zamek
    dom wieżowy
    historia technik budowlanych
    zakon krzyżacki
    castle
    tower house
    history of building techniques
    the Teutonic Order
    Opis:
    Zamek w Unisławiu na ziemi chełmińskiej był do niedawna jedną z najsłabiej rozpoznanych warowni krzyżackich. Nie była znana jego forma, a źródła historyczne dostarczały jedynie przesłanek do jego chronologii. Przeprowadzone w 2017 r. badania archeologiczno-architektoniczne skupione były na terenie zamku wysokiego, ale towarzyszące im obserwacje pozwoliły także na określenie układu budowli: na trójczłonową warownię składały się zamek wysoki i dwa przedzamcza. Badania wykazały, że zamek murowany wzniesiono na miejscu komturskiej warowni drewniano-ziemnej, a inwestycję tę łączyć należy z rezydującymi od 2. ćw. XIV w. w Unisławiu prokuratorami. Głównym elementem zamku wysokiego był masywny dom wieżowy, osłonięty od strony przedzamcza murem obronnym. Na przełomie XIV i XV w. zamek został rozbudowany – dodano nowe budynki, w tym bramny. Badania dostarczyły także podstaw do rekonstrukcji szczegółów techniki budowy zamku. Kres funkcjonowania warowni przyniosła wojna trzynastoletnia (1454-1466).
    The castle in Unisław on Chełmno Land has until recently been one of the least-known Teutonic strongholds. Its form was unascertained, and historical sources provided only some premises for its chronology. The archaeological and architectural research carried out in 2017 focused on the area of the high castle, but the accompanying observations also enabled to determine the layout of the structure: the three-part stronghold consisted of a high castle and two wards. The research has shown that the brick castle was erected on the site of the wooden and earthen commandery stronghold, and this investment should be connected with the prosecutors residing in Unisław from the 2nd quarter of the 14th century. The main part of the high castle was a massive tower house, shielded from the side of the ward with a defensive wall. At the turn of the 15th century, the castle was extended – new buildings were added, including gates. The research also provided the basis for the reconstruction of the details of castle construction techniques. The stronghold was captured and destroyed during the Thirteen Years’ War (1454-1466).
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2018, 1; 49-64
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zamek golubski w średniowieczu. Architektura i technika budowy
    Golub Castle in the Middle Ages. Architecture and Construction Technique
    Autorzy:
    Wasik, Bogusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1366370.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Północny im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego w Olsztynie
    Tematy:
    zamek w Golubiu
    Golub-Dobrzyń
    zamki krzyżackie
    krzyżacy
    architektura średniowieczna
    castle in Golub
    Teutonic castles
    Teutonic Orden
    medieval architecture
    Opis:
    Golub Castle has aroused the interest of researchers since the 19th century. In the 1960s, in connection with its planned reconstruction, architectural and archaeological research was carried out, the results of which, however, were not fully realised. In 1989, further archaeological surveys were carried out to verify the question of the earlier settlement. From the current research it can be concluded that there was no early medieval stronghold in the place of the later castle. However, there was settlement until the 11th century. The next traces derive only from the time when Golub was taken over by the Teutonic Knights in 1293. It can be concluded from the sources that they erected a temporary wooden watchtower, which was the seat of the procurator in 1304. It is uncertain whether it was situated in the same location as the castle, although perhaps it is associated with a layer of burning, documented under the high castle. It is also unclear whether the original moat and embankment, protecting the outer ward from the west, should be associated with this structure. Around 1305 a commandery was established in Golub and the construction of a brick castle began. This saw the employment of the old Culm measure and the geometric ad quadratum method. The four-wing convent house was built according to a homogeneous plan, but it was implemented in stages typical for this type of building in Prussia. First, a peripheral curtain wall was built, then the main and subsequent wings. Modifications were made during the process of construction, abandoning, among others, the building of the Bergfrid. From the west, the castle was protected by a walled moat and parcham. Initially the outer bailey was constructed of timber and earth, on a trapezoidal plan and protected by the aforementioned moat and embankment. It was not until around the mid-14th century that the brick perimeter of the outer ward with towers was built, expanding them to the west and southeast. Inside, there were farm buildings, known from modern sources and archaeological excavations. At the end of the 14th century, two cylindrical fire towers were built in front of the west facade of the convent house, and at the beginning of the 15th century, two houses were inserted between them. The last works carried out by the Teutonic Knights in the castle were related to its reconstruction after the war of 1422.
    Źródło:
    Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie; 2019, 304, 2; 191-217
    0023-3196
    2719-8979
    Pojawia się w:
    Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zachodnie międzymurze zamku w Malborku w świetle badań archeologicznych z 2020 roku. Przekształcenia topografii i zabudowy
    The West Zwinger of the Malbork Castle in the Light of Archaeological Research of 2020. Transformations of the Topography and Structure
    Autorzy:
    Wasik, Bogusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20874524.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    zamek w Malborku
    zamek krzyżacki
    archeologia architektury
    archeologia średniowiecza
    archeologia nowożytności
    Malbork Castle
    Teutonic castle
    archaeology of architecture
    mediaeval archaeology
    archaeology of the early modern period
    Opis:
    Artykuł stanowi podsumowanie wyników badań przeprowadzonych w 2020 roku na międzymurzu po zachodniej stronie Zamku Średniego w Malborku. Wniosły one nową wiedzę odnośnie do przekształceń układu terenu i zabudowy na tym obszarze – od średniowiecza do współczesności. Zadokumentowano poziomy pochodzące z początków budowy zamku. Odkryto średniowieczny mur obronny zamku, który – jak się okazało – w badanym miejscu przebiegał inaczej niż jego rekonstrukcja z 2. połowy XX wieku. Analiza tego obiektu i związanego z nim układu nawarstwień nasypowych umożliwiła rekonstrukcję przebiegu budowy. Po osadzeniu odkrycia w kontekście reliktów średniowiecznych murów, odsłoniętych we wcześniejszych latach, ukazuje się złożony układ systemu obronnego tej części zamku. Podczas badań odsłonięto też relikty zabudowy nowożytnej i współczesnej, co wniosło nową wiedzę do rekonstrukcji układu i techniki budowy znajdujących się tu domów.
    The article outlines the results of research conducted in 2020 within the zwinger on the west side of the Middle Castle in Malbork. The research provides new facts about transformations of the site layout and structures in this area from the Middle Ages to contemporary times. The layers from the beginning of construction of the castle were studied and documented. Furthermore, the mediaeval defensive wall of the castle was discovered. It turned out that the wall ran differently in the examined place than after reconstruction in the second half of the 20th century. The analysis of this structure and the associated stratification fill enabled the reconstruction of the construction phases. After the discovery was set in the context of the relics of the mediaeval walls exposed in previous years, a complex layout of the defensive system of that part of the castle becomes known. During the research, some relics of the modern and early modern development were also unearthed, which cast new light on the reconstruction of the layout and technique of construction of the local houses.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2021, 1; 71-104
    0029-8247
    2956-6606
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    W kwestii lokalizacji "zaginionego" kościoła św. Wawrzyńca w Toruniu
    In reference to the localization of the ‘lost’ Church of St. Lawrence in Torun
    Zur Frage der Lokalisierung der „verschwundenen” Kirche St. Laurentius in Thorn
    Autorzy:
    Wasik, Bogusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/529581.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Miłośników Torunia
    Tematy:
    Toruń
    kościół św. Wawrzyńca
    Church of St. Lawrence
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Toruński; 2015, 42; 269-280
    0557-2177
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Toruński
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Techniki budowy zamków w ziemi chełmińskiej. Nowe dane w świetle badań archeologiczno‑architektonicznych z lat 2016–2018
    Autorzy:
    Wasik, Bogusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28713085.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
    Tematy:
    castles
    construction
    construction technique
    Teutonic Order
    Chełmno Land
    Opis:
    In the years 2016–2018, as part of the research project “Castra terrae culmensis – na rubieży chrześcijańskiego świata”, five castles at the Chełmno land were studied. They supplemented the existing knowledge concerning construction techniques. Castles in Starogród and Bierzgłowo represent the oldest period of brick construction in Prussia. They constituted a continuation of wood and earth fortifications. When building the walls, the older embankments were completely removed (Starogród) or lowered (Bierzgłowo). The curtains were set in narrow ditches, at different levels. The castle in Lipienek represents a type of castle, which was built around 1280. However, it was located in the place of a gord, which deviates from the rule when it comes to this type of castles. However, here the builders took advantage of designing methods, construction staging, and large embankment works typical for such type of castles. However, the presence of a rampart forced a modification of the standard technique. It was necessary to partially level it in order to be able to build the basement walls individually. The presence of earthworks – embankments, was also found in the fore court II in Papowo Biskupie. They were also characteristic for irregular castle zwingers erected during this period (Starogród, Bierzgłowo). Whereas, in Unisław it is possible to trace the technique of building an arcade foundation.
    Źródło:
    Studia z Dziejów Średniowiecza; 2023, 26; 276-299
    2544-2562
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia z Dziejów Średniowiecza
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Techniki budowy zamków w typie kasztelu w państwie krzyżackim w Prusach
    Techniques of construction of castellumtype castles in the state of the Teutonic Order in Prussia
    Autorzy:
    Wasik, Bogusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1927169.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    zamki krzyżackie
    kasztele
    zamki konwentualne
    średniowieczne techniki budowlane
    zakon krzyżacki
    Teutonic Order castle
    Castelle
    conventual castles
    medieval building techniques
    Teutonic Order
    Opis:
    W artykule scharakteryzowane zostały techniki budowy zamków regularnych (kasztelowych) w Prusach. Wznoszono je od ok. 1280 r., kiedy to stabilizacja i rozwój państwa stworzyły podstawy do rozwoju monumentalnej architektury. Okres ten charakteryzuje ilościowy i jakościowy rozwój budownictwa. Wysoka klasa architektury szła w parze z rozwojem technik budowlanych i realizacją przemyślanych inwestycji. Nowsze badania wskazują, że zamki kasztelowe budowano według podobnych schematów, począwszy od wyboru miejsca budowy, przez projektowanie, porządek prac murarskich, po wielki nakład prac ziemnych. Cechy te, powtarzalne do pocz. XV w., wskazują na obecność ugruntowanej tradycji budowlanej w Prusach.
    The article describes the techniques of building regularly-shaped castles (Castelle) in Prussia. They started to appear around 1280, when the stabilization and development of the state provided a basis for the development of monumental architecture. This period is characterized by rapid advances in architecture, both in quantitative and in qualitative terms. The development of high-class architecture was accompanied by progress in building techniques and the completion of well thoughtout investments. More recent studies indicate that castellum-type castles were built according to similar patterns, ranging from the choice of a construction site, through design, order of masonry work, to extensive earthworks. These features, repetitive until the beginning of the 15th century, evidence the presence of a well-established building tradition in Prussia.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2018, 2; 33-60
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Parchamy z zamków Krzyżackich - technika budowy i zabudowa
    Autorzy:
    Wasik, Bogusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1365122.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Północny im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego w Olsztynie
    Tematy:
    architektura
    zamki
    Zakon Krzyżacki
    Źródło:
    Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie; 2015, 288, 2; 269-280
    0023-3196
    2719-8979
    Pojawia się w:
    Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Murowany zamek prokuratorów krzyżackich w Bytowie w średniowieczu. Chronologia wznoszenia, rozplanowanie i układ przestrzenny
    The Medieval Brick Castle of the Teutonic Pflegers in Bytów: Construction Chronology, Layout and Spatial Arrangement
    Autorzy:
    Jóźwiak, Sławomir
    Wasik, Bogusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32388140.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    Teutonic Order
    Teutonic castles
    Teutonic Pflegers
    Bytów
    medieval fortifications
    late medieval warfare
    Opis:
    Teutonic castles in Prussia have long captivated the interest of scholars, with greater emphasis placed on the fortresses of Teutonic commanders and, notably, Malbork Castle. Lesser attention, however, has been given to the castles of lower-ranking Teutonic officials. One such castle is the Teutonic Pflegers’ fortress in Bytów, which stands to this day. Research on this site has been ongoing since the early 20th century, primarily conducted by art historians who have predominantly relied on architectural elements to delve into the castle’s construction chronology and spatial arrangement. Remarkably, numerous written accounts, both medieval and modern (16th–17th centuries), have been preserved concerning this castle. By incorporating these historical documents alongside archaeological findings made over the past three decades, the authors have reassessed prior conclusions about the castle’s early history and reconstituted its medieval spatial layout. Regrettably, little information is available regarding the initial residence of the Teutonic Pflegers in Bytów during the latter half of the 14th century. The brick castle was erected around the turn of the 15th century, displaying a rectangular design with four corner towers. The primary building was located on the northwestern side. Within the courtyard, a distinctive feature was a transverse wall that divided the castle into two sections, viewing from the side of the kitchen. This architectural choice was distinct from other fortifications of Teutonic officials constructed in the first half of the 15th century in Prussia. The design of the castle in Bytów was innovative, while its architecture and spatial layout were to align with the evolving demands of warfare, such as the development of firearms.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2023, 88, 4; 5-37
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kształtka z rysunkiem sklepienia z zamku w Kowalewie Pomorskim
    Mould with a drawing of a ceiling found in the Castle in Kowalewo Pomorskie1
    Autorzy:
    Wasik, Bogusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538327.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    historia technik budowlanych
    ceramika budowlana
    rysunek architektoniczny
    architektura
    sklepienie gwiaździste
    history of building techniques
    construction ceramics
    architectural drawing
    architecture
    stellar vault
    Opis:
    Wydobywane podczas badań archeologiczno-architektonicznych średniowiecznej architektury ceglanej znaczne ilości tego budulca często noszą różnego rodzaju ślady: powstałe nieintencjonalnie, np. odciski ludzkich stóp czy łap i racic zwierząt, oraz wykonane intencjonalnie, np. rysunki pomocnicze i znaki murarskie. Cegła z zamku w Kowalewie Pomorskim jest fragmentem kształtki żebrowej. Widniejący na niej rysunek nie pasuje do żadnej z powyższych funkcji. Jest to rysunek rzutu czteroramiennego sklepienia gwiaździstego w obramieniu zbliżonym obrysem do kwadratu sferycznego. Prawdopodobnie jest to szkic, przy pomocy którego mistrz tłumaczył pewne zagadnienia innemu rzemieślnikowi. Z informacji źródłowych wynika, że w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie placu budowy zamków krzyżackich znajdowały się siedziby i warsztaty rzemieślników oraz cegielnie. Trzymano tam także zwierzęta hodowlane, na co wskazują widoczne na cegłach odciski racic kóz, świń itp.
    Bricks excavated during archaeological-architectural research of medieval brick architecture often carry various marks and signs: made unintentionally, e.g. prints of human feet or animal paws or hooves, as well as made intentionally, e.g. auxiliary drawings and mason signs. The brick found at the Castle in Kowalewo Pomorskie is a fragment of rib mould. The drawing on it does not fit any of the functions listed above. It is a drawing representing a projection of a four-arm stellar vault in a framing close in its contour to a spherical square. It is probably a sketch, used by a master to explain some issues to another craftsman. Source information shows that brickyards, masons’ abodes and workshops were in direct vicinity of ordensburg construction sites. Livestock was kept there as well, which is suggested by goat and pig hoofprints, visible on the bricks.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2016, 2; 21-30
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Castles in the Teutonic Order State in Prussia as Medium of Ideology and Manifestation of Power
    Autorzy:
    Wasik, Bogusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28408479.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-12-07
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    castles
    Teutonic Knights
    Prussia
    architecture
    Middle Ages
    ideology
    power
    Opis:
    The article concentrates on an analysis of the forms of castles erected by the Teutonic Order in their conquered domain in Prussia, which were a medium of ideas and manifestation of symbols. The most significant forms were structures of the castell type. That type of fortresses, which had been built since the Antiquity, usually associated with strong centralized state authority and used as a sign of the power propaganda, was later adopted in Western Europe. The Teutonic Knights adjusted that castle type to their needs in the 1270s and 1280s as a sign of the state and the centralized idea of the knight-monks’ authority. Repetitiveness and perfect geometric archi- tectonic forms depicted the character of their rulership, modelled after the Divine Order, and their role as milites Christi, defenders of Christianity. Towers were another construction element with a strong semantic charge as a sign and symbol of feudal power. The beginnings of tower-type residences date back to the 10th century Normandy, from where they spread around Europe in the following centuries. Habitable towers were also used by the Teutonic Order, who built them in 14th century as residences of some lower rank officials. Erecting a palace for the grand masters in Malbork at the end of the 14th century, they also referred to the form of donjon as a symbol of a sovereign and a ruler seat. The castle in Sztum was a result of yet another tradition – a residence situated nearby the capital as a leisure and hunting place for the overlord. That was an expression of court culture and a sign of prestige of a ruler – in this case, the grand master.
    Źródło:
    Światowit; 2021, 60; 133-155
    0082-044X
    Pojawia się w:
    Światowit
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Architectural Studies of the Fortresses in the Third Cataract and Southern Dongola Reach Region
    Autorzy:
    Łopaciuk, Roman
    Wasik, Bogusz
    Wiewióra, Marcin
    Cedro, Aneta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/484035.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Kultur Śródziemnomorskich i Orientalnych PAN
    Tematy:
    fortifications
    architecture
    Bahit
    Deiga
    Shofein
    Marakul
    Third Cataract region
    Southern Dongola Reach
    Sudan
    Opis:
    Architectural research within the area of the Third Cataract was conducted as a part of the rescue survey project the erection of a new dam on the Nile. The research concentrated on two fortresses situated on the left bank, in the vicinity of two modern settlements – Shofein and Marakul. The research was extended to embrace also two fortresses located in the Southern Dongola Reach, namely Bahit and Deiga. The works had a limited extent and their main purpose was to document and to describe architectural characteristics of the preserved walls of these complexes. The article is an overview of this research, enriched with some recently obtained data.
    Źródło:
    Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences); 2014, 27; 233-256
    2084-6762
    2449-9579
    Pojawia się w:
    Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14

      Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies