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Tytuł:
Effect of Extrusion on the Functional Properties and Bioactive Compounds of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) Shell
Autorzy:
Aguilar-Avila, Dalia S.
Martinez-Flores, Hector E.
Morales-Sanchez, Eduardo
Reynoso-Camacho, Rosalía
Garnica-Romo, Ma. Guadalupe
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16538555.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-08-31
Wydawca:
Instytut Rozrodu Zwierząt i Badań Żywności Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Olsztynie
Tematy:
thermomechanical treatment
tamarind shell
dietary fiber
phenolic compounds
antioxidant capacity
Opis:
The food-use of the tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) fruit produces shell and seeds as by-products. In this work, the effects of the tamarind shell moisture content and the temperature of their extrusion on the dietary fiber content and physiochemical properties, such as water absorption capacity (WAC), oil absorption capacity (OAC), and glucose dialysis retardation index (GDRI) of the extrudates, were estimated. Moreover, the effects of the extrusion variables on the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents and on the antioxidant capacity of the tamarind shell were evaluated. The dry powdered tamarind shell was conditioned to have 32 or 39 g of water per 100 g of shell, prior to being subjected to extrusion. Subsequently, the conditioned samples were processed at 90°C, 100°C and 110°C in a single screw extruder. A non-extruded tamarind shell was taken as a control. The extrusion resulted in a 138.3% increase in the soluble dietary fiber content, along with 40.3% and 18.4% reductions of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of the tamarind shell with moisture content of 32 g/100 g extruded at 100°C and 110°C was similar to that of non-extruded material. Moreover, the extruded products had the higher OAC compared to that of the control and they displayed an excellent response with regard to controlling the GDRI. The extrusion advantageously modified properties of the tamarind shell particularly when material with a moisture content of 32 g/100 g at 100°C was processed.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences; 2023, 73, 3; 278-288
1230-0322
2083-6007
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effective properties of periodic media in elastodynamic problems
Autorzy:
Yera, Rolando
Méndez, Carlos G.
Sánchez, Pablo J.
Huespe, Alfredo E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29520225.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
effective properties
acoustic metamaterials
wave propagation
periodic media
Bloch waves
phononic crystal
metamateriały akustyczne
propagacja fali
media okresowe
fale Blocha
kryształ fononiczny
Opis:
This paper describes a homogenization model for evaluating the effective elastodynamic properties of acoustic metamaterials in problems involving wave propagation. The methodology is based on determining the constitutive equations in terms of averaged quantities observed at the macroscale. In this sense, the approach very closely follows the pioneering ideas introduced by Willis, and afterwards, followed by several authors in the last ten years. The distinctive characteristic of our approach is that we write the microscale equation in the spatial domain. The model is validated with previous results published in the literature, and our results replicate them almost exactly. The resulting homogenization model could be used as an additional tool for the topology design of acoustic metamaterials.
Źródło:
Computer Methods in Materials Science; 2021, 21, 3; 139-148
2720-4081
2720-3948
Pojawia się w:
Computer Methods in Materials Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Genetic profile for the detection of susceptibility to poisoning by exposure to pesticides
Autorzy:
Galvez, H.R.C.
Flores, J.S.
Sanchez, E.D.T.
Bravo, D.R.
Villela, M.Z.R.
Uribe, E.R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28762819.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2021, 28, 2; 208-213
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dynamic rheology and microstructure of starch gels affected by triticale genomic composition and developing stage
Autorzy:
Cornejo-Ramirez, Y.I.
Cinco-Moroyoqui, F.J.
Carvajal-Millan, E.
Brown-Bojorquez, F.
Rosas-Burgos, E.C.
Burgos-Hernandez, A.
Martinez-Cruz, O.
Del Toro-Sanchez, C.L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24257.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Źródło:
International Agrophysics; 2019, 33, 1
0236-8722
Pojawia się w:
International Agrophysics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
EDAS (Egnos Data Access Service) differential GNSS corrections: a reliable free-of-charge alternative for precision farming in Europe
Autorzy:
Vázquez, J.
Lacarra, E.
Morán, J.
Sánchez, M. A.
González, A.
Bruzual, J.
Rioja, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/320569.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Forum Nawigacyjne
Tematy:
GNSS
Galileo
EDAS
tracking
firefighting
multisensor
fusion
communication optimization
Opis:
EDAS (EGNOS Data Access Service) is the EGNOS internet broadcast service, which provides free of charge access to the data collected and generated by the EGNOS infrastructure. EDAS disseminates over the Internet, both in real time and via an FTP archive, the raw data of the GPS, GLONASS (no commitment on GLONASS data is provided (1)) and EGNOS GEO satellites collected by the receivers located at the EGNOS reference stations, which are mainly distributed over Europe and North Africa. The EDAS services offer several types of GNSS data in various protocols and formats, such as DGNSS corrections. This paper reports on the results of some in-field tests conducted by ESSP and Topcon Agriculture to confirm the suitability of EDAS DGNSS corrections for precision farming in Europe. The European Commission (EC) is the owner of EGNOS system (including EDAS) and has delegated the exploitation of EGNOS to the European GNSS Agency (GSA). EDAS service provision is performed by ESSP, as EGNOS Services Provider, under contract with the GSA, the EGNOS program manager. In the ENC 2018 article “EDAS (EGNOS Data Access Service): Differential GPS corrections performance test with state-of-the-art precision agriculture system”, ESSP and Topcon Agriculture presented the results of the first in-field test conducted in a dynamic and real-life environment in the summer of 2017. The test results indicated that the EDAS DGNSS corrections could enable a reliable pass-to-pass accuracy performance for a wide range of precision agriculture applications and become an attractive solution for cereal farms, when the farm is located in the vicinity of an EGNOS reference station. In particular, Topcon Agriculture acknowledged that the observed performance was sufficient to support the following precision agriculture applications: spraying and spreading of any crop type, tilling and harvesting of cereal. Then, ESSP and Topcon Agriculture engaged in additional testing activities to further characterise the EDAS DGPS performance in different scenarios (i.e. at various European locations and with a variety of distances between the designated farm and the target EGNOS reference station). In each test, multiple runs with the rover tractors have been performed over the reference patterns predefined in the Topcon guidance systems. Data recorded during the tests has been analysed in detail, looking at the key performance indicators (e.g. cross track error and pass-to-pass performance) that characterize the EDAS DGPS performance for precision agriculture applications. Different techniques for the computation of the pass-to-pass accuracy performance have been used, including a procedure to measure live in the field and a post-processing alternative. The diversity of scenarios available allows drawing conclusions on the applicability of EDAS DGPS corrections (in terms of maximum distance from the target EGNOS station) for precision agriculture and also understanding the impact of operationally relevant aspects such as the quality of the mobile internet coverage (highly variable across Europe). The EDAS system and its architecture, the main types of data disseminated through EDAS services and the online information available to the EDAS users are introduced in this paper. In particular, the EDAS Ntrip service is described in detail, since it provides the differential corrections to the GPS and GLONASS satellites at the EGNOS reference stations in RTCM format, which are the basis for the present study. The article also reports on the results of the latest tests, which have been performed using Topcon receivers, vehicles and auto-steering systems. In all cases, two different Topcon guidance systems on board tractors were running simultaneously to assess the EDAS DGPS positioning performance with respect to a the reference provided by a top-performing RTK-based Topcon solution. The objective of this paper is to draw conclusions on the use of EDAS DGPS corrections as a reliable free-of-charge alternative for precision farming in Europe (especially for cereal farms), based on the available performance results from the testing campaign and the feedback from the involved precision agriculture experts.
Źródło:
Annual of Navigation; 2019, 26; 46-58
1640-8632
Pojawia się w:
Annual of Navigation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pyrite depression by dextrin in flotation with xanthates. Adsorption and floatability studies
Autorzy:
López-Valdivieso, A.
Sanchez-Lopez, A. A.
Padilla-Ortega, E.
Robledo-Cabrera, A.
Galvez, E.
Cisternas, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/110263.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
flotation
adsorption
polysaccharides
dextrin
xanthates
Opis:
Depression of pyrite by dextrin in flotation with xanthates has been studied. The adsorption of dextrin and xanthates at the pyrite/aqueous solution interface has been investigated through electrokinetics, Raman spectroscopy and batch adsorption studies using oxidized pyrite. Microflotation studies were undertaken to evaluate the pyrite depression with dextrin using ethyl and propyl xanthates as the collector. The surface density of ferric hydroxide on pyrite depended on pH and was highest about the iep (pH 7.5) of the oxidized pyrite. Dextrin adsorption was directly related to the surface density of ferric hydroxide and took place through two steps suggesting two adsorption mechanisms on ferric hydroxide. Xanthate adsorption as dixanthogen occurred along with ferric hydroxide dissolution causing partial dextrin desorption from the pyrite surface; consequently, co-adsorption of xanthate and dextrin occurred on the surface. Depression of pyrite flotation with xanthate was determined by the oxidation level of the pyrite surface. Floatability of pyrite with xanthate was highly impaired by dextrin at pH 8 only when the surface density of ferric hydroxide on the pyrite surface was very high.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2018, 54, 4; 1159-1171
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stabilization of an epidemic model via an N-periodic approach
Autorzy:
Cantó, B.
Coll, C.
Sánchez, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/330825.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
nonnegative matrix
reducible matrix
seasonality
epidemic process
macierz nieujemna
macierz redukowalna
proces epidemiczny
Opis:
We analyze the evolution of an infectious disease by combining different groups of a population when the route of transmission is via encounters with free-living virulent organisms that can survive for a long time outside the individual. This study involves matrix analysis of lower triangular block matrices and some of their spectral properties. We propose an N-periodic control strategy in order to stabilize the disease around the disease-free equilibrium point.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science; 2018, 28, 1; 185-195
1641-876X
2083-8492
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Structure, Morphology and Electrical Properties of CaTiO3 Ceramics Synthesized by the Solid-State Reaction Method
Autorzy:
Rocha-Rangel, E.
López-Hernández, J.
Castillo-Martínez, J. A.
Osorio-Ramos, J. J.
Calles-Arriaga, C. A.
Estrada-Guel, I.
Martínez-Sánchez, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352238.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
CaTiO3
solid state synthesis
electrical properties
insulating ceramics
Opis:
In this paper, explain the preparation of CaTiO3 ceramics synthesized by the solid-state reaction method. Calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide were high energy mixed in stoichiometric amounts, and the obtained mixture was calcined at different temperatures (800, 900, 1000 and 1300ºC) for 2h. The obtained samples were characterized by measurement of particle size, Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) Analysis; differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and SEM images. XRD patterns indicated that CaTiO3 ceramics with the structure of perovskite is obtained from calcined powders at 1,300°C for 2h. SEM images show the formation of a very fine and homogeneous morphology. The measured values of electrical resistivity were within the typical range of insulating materials and approach values corresponding to insulating ceramics.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 4; 1749-1753
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
New reticulosan sponges from the middle Cambrian of Sonora, Mexico
Autorzy:
BERESI, MATILDE SYLVIA
BOTTING, JOSEPH P.
PALAFOX, JUAN J.
BUITRÓN SÁNCHEZ, BLANCA E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/945978.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
porifera
hexactinellida
reticulosa
burgess shale-type fauna
biogeography
cambrian
mexico
Opis:
A small assemblage of extremely well-preserved fragments of new sponges has been discovered in calcipelites of the middle Cambrian El Mogallón Formation in the Cerro El Mogallón section, near Arivechi in eastern Sonora, Mexico. The assemblage includes two new reticulosan species referred to Ratcliffespongia arivechensis sp. nov. and Valospongia sonorensis sp. nov., combined with disarticulated remains assigned to Kiwetinokia and additional, currently unidentifiable taxa. The new species represent the first records of these Cambrian genera from Mexico, although they are widely distributed at low latitudes, being previously best known from Utah but extending through Laurentia and South China. This middle Cambrian fauna indicates that there was considerable continuity of the deeper-water hexactinellid sponges between the warm peri-platform of Laurentia and the peri-continental Cambrian platform of Sonora. The new material supports the impression of extremely wide distribution of Cambrian sponge genera, with local diversification at species level within regions, in contrast to much greater generic-level endemism during the Ordovician Period.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2017, 62, 4; 691-703
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Software Startups – A Research Agenda
Autorzy:
Unterkalmsteiner, M.
Abrahamsson, P.
Wang, X. F.
Nguyen-Duc, A.
Shah, S.
Bajwa, S. S.
Baltes, G. H.
Conboy, K.
Cullina, E.
Dennehy, D.
Edison, H.
Fernandez-Sanchez, C
Garbajosa, J.
Gorschek, T.
Klotins, E.
Hokkanen, L.
Kon, F.
Lunesu, I.
Marchesi, M.
Morgan, L.
Oivo, M.
Selig, C.
Seppänen, P.
Sweetman, R.
Tyrväinen, P.
Ungerer, C.
Yagüe, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/953060.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
software startup
research agenda
software-intensive systems
Opis:
Software startup companies develop innovative, software-intensive products within limited time frames and with few resources, searching for sustainable and scalable business models. Software startups are quite distinct from traditional mature software companies, but also from micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises, introducing new challenges relevant for software engineering research. This paper’s research agenda focuses on software engineering in startups, identifying, in particular, 70+ research questions in the areas of supporting startup engineering activities, startup evolution models and patterns, ecosystems and innovation hubs, human aspects in software startups, applying startup concepts in non-startup environments, and methodologies and theories for startup research. We connect and motivate this research agenda with past studies in software startup research, while pointing out possible future directions. While all authors of this research agenda have their main background in Software Engineering or Computer Science, their interestin software startups broadens the perspective to the challenges, but also to the opportunities that emerge from multi-disciplinary research. Our audience is therefore primarily software engineering researchers, even though we aim at stimulating collaborations and research that crosses disciplinary boundaries. We believe that with this research agenda we cover a wide spectrum of the software startup industry current needs.
Źródło:
e-Informatica Software Engineering Journal; 2016, 10, 1; 89-123
1897-7979
Pojawia się w:
e-Informatica Software Engineering Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Statistical Approach To Prediction Of The CMM Drift Behaviour Using A Calibrated Mechanical Artefact
Autorzy:
Cuesta, E.
Alvarez, B.
Sanchez-Lasheras, F.
Gonzalez-Madruga, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221090.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
multivariate regression models
coordinate measuring machine
drift behaviour
calibration
Opis:
This paper presents a multivariate regression predictive model of drift on the Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) behaviour. Evaluation tests on a CMM with a multi-step gauge were carried out following an extended version of an ISO evaluation procedure with a periodicity of at least once a week and during more than five months. This test procedure consists in measuring the gauge for several range volumes, spatial locations, distances and repetitions. The procedure, environment conditions and even the gauge have been kept invariables, so a massive measurement dataset was collected over time under high repeatability conditions. A multivariate regression analysis has revealed the main parameters that could affect the CMM behaviour, and then detected a trend on the CMM performance drift. A performance model that considers both the size of the measured dimension and the elapsed time since the last CMM calibration has been developed. This model can predict the CMM performance and measurement reliability over time and also can estimate an optimized period between calibrations for a specific measurement length or accuracy level.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2015, 22, 3; 417-428
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biofortification - promising approach to increasing the content of iron and zinc in staple food crops
Biofortyfikacja - obiecujący sposób zwiększania zawartości żelaza i cynku w podstawowych roślinach uprawnych
Autorzy:
Garcia-Banuelos, M.L.
Sida-Arreola, J.P.
Sanchez, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15687.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
Tematy:
biofortification
iron content
zinc content
food crop
metal
homeostasis
micronutrient
malnutrition
anaemia
bioavailability
Opis:
Micronutrient deficiencies have increased over recent decades due to the general depreciation of the quality of poor people’s diet, both in developed and developing countries. The deficiencies of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) are a critical public health problem worldwide, with the negative impact on health, lifespan and productivity. Biofortification is an agricultural approach that can improve human nutrition on a global scale. Agronomic biofortification is considered a short-term and complementary strategy, but economic analyses suggest that genetic biofortification is the most effective strategy for increasing dietary Fe and Zn intakes of vulnerable populations. Enrichment of cereal grains by breeding is a high-priority area of research, and an effective strategy among other approaches, e.g, fortification, supplementation and food diversification. This review discusses the role of Fe and Zn in plant nutrition, the potential strategies for developing Fe and Zn biofortified crops and their importance in human nutrition.
Obecnie niedobory Fe i Zn stanowią istotny problem dotyczący zdrowia publicznego, są bowiem przyczyną negatywnego wpływu na zdrowie, średnią długość życia i przyrost naturalny. Biofortyfikacja agronomiczna jest to metoda, która może poprawić żywienie człowieka na całym świecie. Analizy ekonomiczne wskazują, że genetyczna biofortyfikacja jest najbardziej skuteczną strategią zwiększenia spożycia Fe i Zn, natomiast agronomiczna biofortifikacja może być podejściem komplementarnym, i to w krótkim czasie. Strategia genetyczna jest obszarem priorytetowym w badaniach zboża, i okazuje się być bardziej skuteczna niż metody fortyfikacji, suplementacji lub zróżnicowania środków spożywczych. W pracy omówiono rolę Fe i Zn w odżywianiu roślin, potencjalne strategie rozwoju upraw z wykorzystaniem biofortyfikacji Fe i Zn oraz znaczenie tych upraw w żywieniu człowieka.
Źródło:
Journal of Elementology; 2014, 19, 3
1644-2296
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Elementology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Using Microphone Arrays to Detect Moving Vehicle Velocity
Autorzy:
Peral-Orts, R.
Velasco-Sánchez, E.
Campillo-Davó, N.
Campello-Vicente, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177948.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
microphone array
sound location
moving sources
vehicle velocity
Opis:
The noise of motor vehicles is one of the most important problems as regards to pollution on main roads. However, this unpleasant characteristic could be used to determine vehicle speed by external observers. Building on this idea, the present study investigates the capabilities of a microphone array system to identify the position and velocity of a vehicle travelling on a previously established route. Such linear microphone array has been formed by a reduced number of microphones working at medium frequencies as compared to industrial microphone arrays built for location purposes, and operates with a processing algorithm that ultimately identifies the noise source location and reduces the error in velocity estimation
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2013, 38, 3; 407-415
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
CFD analysis of the effect of the exhaust manifold design on the close-coupled catalytic converter performance
Autorzy:
Martinez-Martinez, S.
Leal-Garza, R. D.
Sanchez-Cruz, F. A.
Villarreal, E. B.
Amado-Covarrubias, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247790.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
Close-Coupled Catalytic Converter
Exhaust Manifold
flow uniformity
pressure drop
Opis:
It is a common practice to mount a catalytic converter directly at the outlet of the exhaust manifold in order to reduce the cold start emissions from the automotive engines by improving the light-off time. The so called Close-Coupled Converter, because of its nearness to the engine, is more exposed to non-uniform fluid flows comingfrom the individual manifold runners, what frequently yields a stream of gases flowing mainly through a section of the monolith causing the aging of the catalyst and low conversion efficiency, among other negative effects. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has became a very useful and widely used tool to analyze and optimize this kind of exhaust after-treatment systems in a relatively fast and accurate way for design purposes. There are several designs of exhaust manifolds whose shape and dimensions are mainly restricted not only by the engine characteristics but by the space constraints of the particular vehicles they are designedfor. In this work the commercial CFD code ANSYS FLUENT was used to evaluate and compare the effect of three shapes of exhaust manifolds on the fluid flow uniformity at the entrance of the Close-Coupled Converter. Pressure drop in the entire Manifold-Converter device is also an important parameter considered for the design evaluation. The manifolds investigated are of type cast, 4-2-1 and L-shaped, which are commonly used in the automotive industry.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 4; 303-311
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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