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    Wyświetlanie 1-58 z 58
    Tytuł:
    Oddziaływanie aktywnego tlenku wapnia na szybkość procesu pirolizy paliw alternatywnych
    Influence of active calcium oxide on rate of alternative fuels pyrolysis process
    Autorzy:
    Moroń, W.
    Kalinowski, W.
    Rybak, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/392520.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Ceramiki i Materiałów Budowlanych
    Tematy:
    wypał klinkieru
    piroliza odpadów
    odzysk energii
    odgazowanie odpadów
    mączka wapienna
    clinker burning
    waste pyrolysis
    energy recovery
    waste degasification
    limestone powder
    Opis:
    Proces odgazowania odpadów zawierających części palne jest uzależniony od własności fizykochemicznych odpadów oraz warunków prowadzenia procesu odgazowania. tj. czasu, temperatury i atmosfery gazowej. Obecność innych składników procesowych w mieszaninie odpadów z kalcynatem może także oddziaływać na intensywność procesu oraz skład produktów rozkładu. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad oddziaływaniem aktywnego tlenku wapnia na szybkość procesu odgazowania oraz skład produktów rozkładu termicznego.
    Devolatilisation of waste containing combustible matter depends on physical and chemical properties of waste material and conditions under which the process is carried out i.e. time, temperature and gas atmosphere composition. Presence of other components in waste-limestone powder blend may also influence the process intensity and composition of devolatilisation products. The paper presents the research results of influence of calcium oxide on devolatilisation rate and its composition.
    Źródło:
    Prace Instytutu Szkła, Ceramiki, Materiałów Ogniotrwałych i Budowlanych; 2008, R. 1, nr 1, 1; 119-129
    1899-3230
    Pojawia się w:
    Prace Instytutu Szkła, Ceramiki, Materiałów Ogniotrwałych i Budowlanych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mineral matter transformation in oxy-fuel coal combustion
    Autorzy:
    Nowak-Woźny, D.
    Moroń, W.
    Urbanek, B.
    Rybak, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185717.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    coal combustion
    ash
    slagging
    sintering
    spalanie węgla
    popiół
    żużlowanie
    spiekanie
    Opis:
    The paper presents the results of the mechanical, electrical, CCSEM and XRD measurements of hard coal, conducted in simulated conditions of sintering in atmospheres of O2/CO2,. The changes of the coal ash resistivity are correlated with the content of the oxides and with the sintering temperature determined by the mechanical test and Leitz method. The SEM-EDS analysis was conducted for deposits on the probe. The changes of the measured ash samples, observed during sintering process in O2/CO2 atmosphere, were discussed in the ash microstructure point of view.
    Źródło:
    Chemical and Process Engineering; 2013, 34, 3; 393-401
    0208-6425
    2300-1925
    Pojawia się w:
    Chemical and Process Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    NOx and SO2 emission during oxy-coal combustion
    Autorzy:
    Moroń, W.
    Czajka, K.
    Ferens, W.
    Babul, K.
    Szydełko, A.
    Rybak, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/184966.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    coal combustion
    pollutant emissions
    oxy atmosphere
    spalanie węgla
    emisji zanieczyszczeń
    Opis:
    The paper presents results of coal behaviour during combustion in oxy-fuel atmosphere. The experiment was performed using 3 meter long Entrained Flow Reactor and 1 meter long Drop Tube Reactor. Three hard coals and two lignites were analysed in order to investigate NOx, SO2 emission and fly ash burnout. The measurements were performed along and at the outlet of a combustion chamber for one– and two – stage combustion. In the second stage of the experiment, kinetic parameters for nitrogen evolution during combustion in oxy – fuel and air were calculated and the division of nitrogen into the volatile matter and the char was measured. The conducted experiment showed that emissions in oxy – fuel are lower than those in air.
    Źródło:
    Chemical and Process Engineering; 2013, 34, 3; 337-346
    0208-6425
    2300-1925
    Pojawia się w:
    Chemical and Process Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dynamic load in operation of high-speed tracked vehicles
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Rybak, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245770.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    transport
    combat vehicles
    dynamic loads
    terrain driving
    HTV vibration
    Opis:
    The paper describes dynamic load-generating sources and their effects on high-speed tracked vehicles, placed people and equipment within it. The variety of the operation conditions causes a complex dynamic load, both in terms of level, direction and distribution. The effects of the impacts are shown in photographs. It is important to know the level of loads in terms of the development of resistant and safe high-speed tracked vehicles. The selected results of its own researches of high-speed tracked vehicles were presented. research were carried out under conditions similar to those typical for this class of vehicles, both during the rides on the road, the ground and obstacles on the specially constructed for this purpose. The results of research and analysis compare in the form of graphs and the estimated value. The presented scope and methodology allows the multi-variants investigation and estimate the loads of the hall, interior fittings and people in special vehicles and other objects that may be exposed to this type of loads. The presented results of the study confirm the possibility but also the need to load test and analysis of dynamic loads on the vehicle, its crew and equipment within it. Knowing the value of these loads allows for the rational formation of the vehicle structure for obtaining the highest possible technical and combat duration.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 4; 17-22
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Improvised explosive devices in confrontation with the protection armour
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Rybak, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245917.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    combat vehicle
    improved explosive devices
    modelling
    Opis:
    The paper describes the risk for carrying structures of special vehicles used in the stabilization and peacekeeping missions. Presented map regions of the world threatened by conflicts, which may be areas for future International peacekeeping forces. Among the hazards occurring in the missions improvised explosives devices (IED) deserve special attention. Difficult to detect and identify, acting unpredictably, high-power is destruction. Based on the available material and the results of their experimental studies are presented effects ofexplosives on special vehicles. It takes into account the cases of impact load during the flghting in the urban area, desert and mountainous. The currently used improvised explosives devices and methods of their initiation are described. Presented used in vehicles ways to protect people and internal equipment against destruction factors of explosives. The effects of the influence of loads on vehicles are shown. The results of its own, both experimental and model tests are presented. The results ofthe analysis presented in the drawings and diagrams. Carried out experimental researches have allowed to obtain Information necessary to verify: research object models in terms of assessing the level of deformation on the structure and size of dynamic load acting on crews of combat vehicles, and numerical model of the propagation of after explosion shock waves.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 1; 67-72
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modelling of impact strength on combat vehicles
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Rybak, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241713.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    tank
    infantry fighting vehicle
    carrying structure
    anti-bottom mine
    model testing
    Opis:
    In the field of threads to tracked combat vehicle on these days battle field growing importance of wide range of mines. It concern both anti- tank mines - anti-bottom, anti-track, anti-side- as well as specially prepared explosives. In the paper were presented chosen fragment of carried out experimental tests of tank exposed to impact, caused by anti-bottom mine explosion, as well as results of that effect. Methodology how to build models of tested objects was presented. Models of objects that characteristics are similar to typical combat vehicles were tested and test results were linked to publish date and authors test results, then models were loaded. As a load was applied worked out and experimentally verified model of after blast wave propagation, generated by anti-bottom mine explosion, as result of after blast wave propagated in limited space. Conclusions contain information about abilities of presented test methodology. Obtained results of model testing confirm necessity and the possibility of shaping impact strength of armoured vehicles structures. Proper selection of shapes, geometric dimensions and general parameters of structural system may be one of the means to provide proper protection.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 1; 121-130
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Passive protection of special vehicles
    Ochrona pasywna pojazdów specjalnych
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Rybak, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244381.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    pojazd bojowy
    pojazd transportowy
    ładunek wybuchowy
    modelowanie
    struktura ochronna
    combat vehicle
    transportation vehicle
    explosive charge
    modelling
    protective structure
    Opis:
    W pracy przedstawiono zagrożenia dla pojazdów specjalnych i transportowych spotykane podczas wykonywania zadań w ramach misji wymuszania i utrwalania pokoju w regionach świata zagrożonych konfliktami, a mogącymi być obszarami przyszłego działa wojska. Na podstawie dostępnych materiałów i własnych wyników badań numerycznych i eksperymentalnych przedstawiono efekty oddziaływania różnych ładunków materiału wybuchowego na pojazdy specjalne. Ładunki takie mogą występować podczas walk w terenie zurbanizowanym i górzystym oraz innym o ograniczonej powierzchni. Przedstawiono kierunki prac badawczych i rozwojowych prowadzące w efekcie do podwyższenia poziomu ludzi w pojazdach specjalnych i transportowych przed środkami bojowymi, charakterystycznymi dla działań pokojowych i misji stabilizacyjnych, ale mogące występować również w działaniach bojowych. Przedstawiono wybrane rezultaty badań eksperymentalnych i modelowych oddziaływania powybuchowych fal uderzeniowych na nadwozie i opracowane struktury ochronne dla pojazdów specjalnych i transportowych. Strukturę ochronną obciążano ciśnieniem fali uderzeniowej generowanej hipotetycznym niekonwencjonalnym ładunkiem wybuchowym (improwizowanym ładunkiem wybuchowym - IED lub miną niekontaktową). W pracy podjęto również próbę wskazania możliwości oraz konieczność doboru najefektywniejszych parametrów struktury dla ochranianych części pojazdu bojowego przed potencjalnym zagrożeniem
    In the paper were presented threats happen to special and transportation vehicles while task performing within the confines of peace forcing and keeping missions on world areas threatened by conflicts and that could be areas of unit future actions. Based on available materials and authors results of numerical and experimental tests, effects of various explosive charges action on special vehicles were presented. Such explosive charges could be used during fighting in urban and mountainous areas as well as other with limited area. Were presented directions of research and development leading to increase protection level for people, inside special and transportation vehicle, against combat agents characteristic for peace keeping and stabilization missions that could be used also while warfare. Were presented some results of experimental and modelling tests of after blast shock wave action on armoured shell and prepared protection structures for special and transportation vehicles. Protecting structure was loaded by shock wave pressure generated by hypothetical unconventional explosive charge (improvise explosive device - IED or non-contact mine). In the paper were also made effort to point at possibility and necessity to chose the most effective parameters of structure for protected part of combat vehicle against potential threats.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 4; 59-66
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Characterization of Selected Parameters of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Membranes Based on Various Polymers and Nd-Fe-B Fillers
    Autorzy:
    Rybak, A.
    Kaszuwara, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352783.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    organic-inorganic hybrid membranes
    magnetic measurements
    rheological parameters
    mechanical properties
    gas separation
    Opis:
    In this paper magnetic organic-inorganic hybrid membranes based on EC, PPO polymer matrices and various magnetic powder microparticles were synthesized and studied. Constant pressure permeation technique and the Time Lag method were used to obtain the gas transport coefficients. The mechanical, rheological and magnetic parameters of magnetic hybrid membranes were examined. It was found that their separation and gas transport properties (D, P, S and α) were improved with the decrease in powder particle size and the increase of membrane’s remanence, saturation magnetization and magnetic particle filling. The increase of the magnetic powder addition and a decrease of its granulation improved also mechanical and rheological parameters of the tested membranes. This improvement also had a positive effect on their gas separation properties and their potential usage in the future.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 4; 1825-1832
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Test of impact resistance of tracked combat vehicle
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Rybak, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246173.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    main battle tank
    combat vehicles
    explosive charge
    modelling
    Opis:
    Among combat vehicles high values have tracked combat vehicles. They are the most universal means of combat, both in offensive and in defense actions. About the usefulness of tanks decide the main battle features, which will include fire power, protection and mobility. The fire power is a feature that describes the quantity, quality and efficiency in terms of the main weapons system. Mobility of tanks reflects the dynamics of motion and manoeuvr ability. On the mobility a large impact has: engine, transmission and tracked drive system. Protections (armour, together with additional systems) decide on the resistance to the enemy fire and the survival ability of the vehicle, crew and internal equipment. This paper presents the impact loads on a load -bearing structures of combat vehicle. Load is generated by the anti-tank mine shock wave. Models ofobjects were worked out using a method of the finite element, assuming the linear characteristics of elements. Studies of loads of the structure of the special vehicle body were carried outfor the selected, the most common effects of explosives. Worked out research allows: determining the pressure distribution, evaluating the impact resistance of the hulls of vehicles, predicting the results of impact action, identifying the types of damage, designing or modernization of the hulls of vehicles.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 1; 51-58
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ rodzaju uzbrojenia na stan wytężenia elementów kadłuba czołgu
    Influence of weapon system into the mechanical resistance of tank hull components
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Rybak, P.
    Michałowski, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/236021.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Wojskowy Instytut Techniczny Uzbrojenia
    Tematy:
    wozy bojowe
    uzbrojenie wojsk
    combat vechicles
    armament
    Opis:
    W pracy przedstawiono metodykę badania modeli wozów bojowych, w oparciu o metodę elementów skończonych, w aspekcie dostosowania do nowych obciążeń wynikających ze zmiany uzbrojenia. Pokazano rezultaty analizy numerycznej stanu wytężenia wybranych elementów kadłuba dla przyjętych wariantów obciążenia.
    Mathematical method of final elements is presented in the paper as a tool for examination of combat vehicle models at adaptation to new loads caused by changing of the weapon system integrated onboard. The results of studies carried out for different components of the hull and assumed options of loads are given.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia; 2005, R. 34, z. 95; 143-151
    1230-3801
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Impact of gunshot and shell hit on the tank hull
    Oddziaływanie uzbrojenia oraz uderzenia pocisku na kadłub czołgu
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Rybak, P.
    Michałowski, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241717.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    main battle tank (MBT)
    gun
    load
    model research
    Opis:
    W pracy przedstawiono rezultaty obliczeń modelu czołgu poddanego oddziaływaniu obciążeń o charakterze udarowym generowanych podczas strzelania z uzbrojenia podstawowego oraz po trafieniu kadłuba lub wieży pociskiem przeciwpancernym. Podwyższenie skuteczności pocisków może być realizowane między innymi następującymi drogami, poprzez zwiększenie prędkości początkowej lub poprzez zwiększenie jego kalibru. Jedno i drugie powoduje wzrost obciążenia konstrukcji czołgu. Dane o rozkładzie prawdopodobieństwa trafienia czołgów z okresu II Wojny Światowej oraz informacje z minionych konfliktów zbrojnych wskazują, że współcześnie najbardziej zagrożona jest wieża czołgu, w której rozmieszczone jest uzbrojenie podstawowe i system kierowania ogniem. Jednakże niezależnie od miejsca trafienia czołgu obciążenie przenosi się na załogę i wyposażenie wewnętrzne, również w przypadku uderzenia pocisku niepowodującego przebicia. W pracy pokazano rezultaty analizy numerycznej stanu wytężenia wybranych elementów kadłuba dla przyjętych wariantów obciążenia oraz przebiegi czasowe przyspieszeń działających na elementy konstrukcji i członków załogi.
    In paper there were presented results of calculations of tank model exposed to impact of loads generated while gunshot and after hull or turret hit by armour-piercing shell. Increase of the fire efficiency may be achieved, among others, by increase of shell initial velocity or by increase of its caliber. Both methods cause increase of construction loads. Statistical data about probability distribution of direct hit of Second World War tanks and information about recent military conflicts show, that today the most threatened tank part is the turret, with arranged armament and fire control system. However regardless of the hit-point, load spreads on the crew and inner equipment, as well in case of shell hit on the rebound. In paper there were shown the results of numerical analysis of the strain state of selected hull elements for assumed load variants as well as time courses of accelerations acting on construction elements and crew members.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 1; 111-120
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A new locality of endangered bog bulrush Schoenoplectiella mucronata (Cyperaceae) in the Eastern Poland
    Autorzy:
    Rybak, M.
    Gabka, M.
    Peczula, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/790702.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu
    Opis:
    A new locality of Schoenoplectiella mucronata – an endangered and warm-temperature wetland species was found in Western Polesie (Eastern Poland). The new station is situated far away to the north-east from all known Polish sites and belongs to the easternmost one within European range of the species. The mesotrophic Lake Kleszczów in which we have found a new population of S. mucronata was characterised by a good ecological state as well as high diversity of aquatic plants dominated by a charophyte meadow. The studied species occurred in a phytocoenosis which is similar to a not known in Poland plant community Typho angustifoliae-Schoenoplectetum mucronati described from Hungary.
    Źródło:
    Steciana; 2016, 20, 1
    1689-653X
    Pojawia się w:
    Steciana
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modele częściowe w analizie obciążeń struktur nośnych wozów bojowych
    Partial models in stress analysis of supporting structure of combat vehicles
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Rybak, P.
    Hryciów, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/208431.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
    Tematy:
    bojowy wóz piechoty
    struktura
    obciążenie
    modele częściowe
    wytężenie
    infantry fighting vehicle
    supporting structure
    loading
    partial model
    effort
    Opis:
    W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań modelowych bojowego wozu piechoty. Model pojazdu oraz modele częściowe opracowano w oparciu o metodę elementów skończonych. Analizę wytężenia struktury pojazdu realizowano wykorzystując modele częściowe. Wykazano, że do analizy zagadnień dynamiki konstrukcji można dobrać taki model częściowy, który wystarczająco dokładnie odwzorowuje zachowanie modelu pełnego.
    The paper presents some results of model investigation of a combat vehicle model. The vehicle model of and its partial model were developed on the basis of finite elements method. Stress analysis of a supporting structure of vehicle was performed using partial models. It was proved, that partial models are useful for dynamic analysis. Comparisons of the results for a complete combat vehicle and a partial model of its construction are executed as well.
    Źródło:
    Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej; 2006, 55, 4; 221-232
    1234-5865
    Pojawia się w:
    Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Researches of protective structures of combat vehicles loaded by explosion
    Badania struktur ochronnych pojazdów bojowych przed eksplozją
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Rybak, P.
    Hryciów, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241719.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    wóz bojowy
    modelowanie
    struktura ochronna
    ładunek wybuchowy
    combat vehicle
    modelling
    protective structures
    blowing charge
    Opis:
    In the paper were described the threats of combat vehicles during realizing tasks in frames of stabilization and peacekeeping missions. The map of menaced by conflicts regions of the world was presented. These regions can be a field of combat operations in the feature. It the basis of available materials and results of experimental researches the effects of acting of blowing charge on combat vehicles during fights in urbanized and mountain terrain were presented. The general directions of research and development were described particularly from the point of view of possibility of increasing a protection level of combat vehicles crews against combat means. These means are characteristic in stabilization and peacekeeping missions as well as in combat operations. The chosen results of model researches of worked out protective structures were presented. The protective structures were loaded by shock wave generated by hypothetic, unconventional blowing charge or mine. In the paper was evidenced the possibility and urgency of selection of the most profitable structure parameters of protected part of combat vehicles against expected threats as well.
    W pracy opisano zagrożenia wozów bojowych podczas realizacji zadań w ramach misji stabilizacyjnych i pokojowych. Przedstawiono mapę regionów świata zagrożonych konfliktami. Regiony te mogą być obszarami przyszłych działań wojsk. W oparciu o dostępne materiały i wyniki własnych badań eksperymentalnych przedstawiono efekty oddziaływania ładunków wybuchowych na pojazdy wojskowe podczas walk w terenie zurbanizowanym i górzystym. Opisano ogólne kierunki prac badawczych i rozwojowych prowadzące w efekcie do podwyższenia poziomu ochrony załóg wozów bojowych przed środkami bojowymi, charakterystycznymi dla działań pokojowych i misji stabilizacyjnych, ale mogące występować również w działaniach bojowych. Przedstawiono wybrane rezultaty badań modelowych opracowanych struktur ochronnych dla wozów bojowych. Strukturę ochronną poddawano oddziaływaniu fali uderzeniowej generowanej hipotetycznym, niekonwencjonalnym ładunkiem wybuchowym lub miną. W pracy wskazano również możliwość i potrzebę doboru najkorzystniejszych parametrów struktury dla ochranianych części wozu bojowego przed spodziewanym zagrożeniem.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 1; 101-110
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Experimental investigations of laboratory cylinder loaded by explosion
    Badania eksperymentalne cylindra laboratoryjnego obciążonego wybuchem
    Autorzy:
    Rybak, P.
    Borkowski, W.
    Michałowski, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241973.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    badania eksperymentalne
    ładunek wybuchowy
    cylinder laboratoryjny
    experimental investigations
    explosive
    laboratory cylinder
    Opis:
    In the paper were described results of experimental investigations of original steel construction elements of laboratory stand exposed to impact of explosion. As experimental stand were used laboratory cylinder which has circular symmetrical bottom spread on no deformable rim. Cylinder was installed on supports fixed to strengthen foundation and exposed to impact, caused by explosion of explosives with given mass and shape lying on foundation in the centre of bottom plate. As effect of investigations were registered and presented graphically as pressure versus time charts in various points on bottom plate, deformation as well as accelerations charts for various distances between foundation and bottom. Obtained results are the base for verification and modification of worked out mathematical models both laboratory cylinder and propagation of after blast wave propagated in limited space. Presented methodology of explorations can be used for analysis of impact resistance of mechanical vehicles or stationary objects with defensive destination.
    W pracy opisano rezultaty badań eksperymentalnych oddziaływania wybuchu ładunku na stalowe elementy oryginalnej konstrukcji stanowiska badawczego. Stanowisko badawcze to cylinder laboratoryjny, którego dno jest płytą kołowosymetryczną rozpiętą na nieodkształcalnej obręczy. Cylinder osadzono na podporach utwierdzonych w fundamencie o wzmocnionej strukturze i poddano obciążeniu wybuchem ładunku materiału wybuchowego o zadanej masie i kształcie, leżącego na fundamencie na wysokości środka płyty dennej. W efekcie badań zarejestrowano i przedstawiono na rysunkach przebiegi czasowe ciśnienia w określonych punktach dna cylindra, przebiegi odkształceń oraz jego przyspieszeń dla różnych wartości odległości podłoża od dna. Uzyskane rezultaty stanowią podstawę do weryfikacji i modyfikacji opracowanych modeli matematycznych zarówno cylindra laboratoryjnego jak też modelu matematycznego propagacji powybuchowych fal uderzeniowych w ograniczonej przestrzeni. Przedstawiona metodyka badań eksperymentalnych może być wykorzystana do analizy odporności udarowej pojazdów mechanicznych lub obiektów stacjonarnych o przeznaczeniu obronnym.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 1; 321-330
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Numerical and experimental research on the dynamic loads in military vehicles
    Autorzy:
    Rybak, P.
    Borkowski, W.
    Wysocki, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/949498.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    military vehicle
    armoured vehicle
    load
    research
    modelling
    experiment
    Opis:
    The work presents the fragments of research on the dynamic loads acting on selected military vehicles. Designing new armoured vehicles or introducing modifications is preceded by model tests carried out under various conditions, analysing the effect of dynamic loads which may result during the use of the vehicle, e.g. due to the roughness of the road, firing, IED explosions or the vehicle being hit by a shell. The main purpose of conducting model research and verifying their findings in experimental research is to improve the effectiveness and safety of operation of systems and installations of military vehicles, increase the dynamics of the movement, improve the protection and ensure that the crew is not killed. Among the used models of military vehicles, discrete models are applied, formulated in the adjusted Lagrange description, as well as the models based on the fine element method for highly nonlinear problems and forces acting for a very short time. Due to the unique selection of military equipment, the methods of calculation and analysis of model research (simulations) and experimental research presented in the work are considered qualitative rather than quantitative.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 4; 435-441
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Prussian geological maps of Northern Poland in the archives of the Polish Geological Institute and their current application in geology
    Autorzy:
    Małka, A.
    Jegliński, W.
    Relisko-Rybak, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/92538.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Oddział Kartograficzny Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
    Tematy:
    geological maps
    Prussian partition
    19th century
    Northern Poland
    young glacial area
    Opis:
    The article characterizes first general geological (lithological-stratigraphical) maps presenting Quaternary deposits in Northern Poland. These were the maps of territory of the Prussian partition, elaborated by German geologists from Prussian Geological Survey “Königlich Preussische Geologische Landesanstalt”. After Poland regained its independence they became a basis for many Polish geological publications. The article discusses the chronology and objectives of the main cartographic works of German geologists operating in the area of present-day Northern Poland (general and detailed geological maps) and briefly presents the methodology of geological mapping of lowlands at the scale of 1:25,000. The authors present initial results of the sheet inventory of the Prussian geological map at the scale of 1:25,000 owned by the Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute (PGI–NRI). Quick search of Prussian map sheets is enabled with the created GIS data base which contains basic information about sheets, i.e. map title, year, author/authors, sheet title and topographic map designation. The applied relations between data and their spatial reference make it possible to dynamically generate section map and perform spatial analyses of any type. The multiuser geodatabase was created using ESRI and Oracle technologies. Until now the inventory covered the sheets available in the archives of the Marine Geology Branch of PGI–NRI in Gdańsk and the Pomeranian Branch of PGI–NRI in Szczecin. The article also presents examples of Prussian topographic and geological maps used to realize the objectives of the surface geology of Poland. Sheets of Prussian maps are a very valuable basis for elaboration of general and detailed Polish geological maps. Prussian maps make it possible to recreate the earlier geological, geomorphological and hydrographic picture of terrains which are now highly developed and antropogenically transformed. They are often used for the purpose of various time-spatial analyses, mostly to evaluate the dynamics and pace of erosional and accumulative coastal processes of the Southern Baltic coast. The maps of this type help to reconstruct and forecast the development of river mouths and to recreate the location of excavations and inactive open-cut mines of sand, gravel, clay, brown coal and amber. Old maps documenting the exact location of exploited deposits have practical application in geo-tourism.
    Źródło:
    Polish Cartographical Review; 2016, 48, 4; 185-196
    2450-6974
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Cartographical Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Testing the results of a passenger vehicle collision with a rigid barrier
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Hryciów, Z.
    Rybak, P.
    Wysocki, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245925.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    road safety barrier
    crash tests
    computer simulation
    LS-DYNA
    Opis:
    High accident index in Poland, including one of the highest death rates in EU, forces undertaking the intense works in order to improve traffic safety. Published road accident statistics indicate that the most dangerous accidents include a vehicle collision with a tree, post or other road object. The road safety barriers make the road infrastructure elements that can signiflcantly protect against that type of accidents. The work presents basie tasks and requirements imposed on the barriers. Problems related to a proper selection of the barriers have been also highlighted. The tools facilitating the barrier design include numerical modelling. The modelling has been done by means of the LS-DYNA software, using the finite element method. A general structure and a developed barrier model as well as vehicle model have been presented. The conditions of the numerical tests have been also specifled. The work presents the results of influence of car impact angle with a rigid safety barrier. Presented results refer to a car o f mas s of 900 kg, making a bas is for the tests of the limiting systems for several limiting levels: including normal limit N2 (according to EN 1317-2). Compared to standard requirements, the scope of numerical tests has been extended by other car impact angle values. The work presents vehicle trajectories and deformations of their bodies. It also includes examples of velocities and acceleration courses and acceleration severity indexes (ASI) calculated on their basis. Obtained results indicate that the barrier location angle has a high influence on the safety level ofthe car passengers as well as on the car motion trajectory after collision
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 1; 51-57
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Simulation tests on shaping the working width of the concrete protective systems
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Hryciów, Z.
    Rybak, P.
    Wysocki, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247035.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Opis:
    The work addresses the road traffic safety issue related to the use of road safety barriers. It describes the tasks that have to be fulfilled by the protective system. It presents the barrier assessment conditions according to the requirements ofthe existing standards as far as the working barrier width is concerned. The objective of the work is to evaluate the possibilities of shaping the working width of the concrete protective systems. They have been executed on the basis of a concrete barrier equipped with a prototype joint linking individual barrier segments. It allowed defining the maximum angle of relative angle displacement of the adjacent segments. The model tests have been performed with a 900kg passenger car which allows performing TB11 test according to EN1317-2 standard The modelling has been performed with LS-DYNA software, which uses the finite element method. The work presents the numerical test results, vehicle motion trajectory and barrier displacement. It also includes examples of speed and acceleration courses of selected vehicle elements and the ASI index calculated on that basis which is used to assess the danger level for the vehicle passengers. Obtained results indicate that there is a possibility of shaping the dynamic bending and the working barrier width depending on assumed joint (boundary angle) parameters. Further areas of the analysis have been also defined.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 2; 43-50
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Experimental crash tests involving passenger cars and the prototype concrete protective barrier
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Hryciów, Z.
    Rybak, P.
    Wysocki, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247037.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    experimental tests
    test track
    concrete protective barrier
    crash test
    experimental verification
    Opis:
    The work describes the experimental test methodology and results obtained during the experimental crash tests involving passenger cars and the prototype concrete protective barrier, which was built according to the original design prepared by the authors of this article. The crash tests involving a vehicle and the protective barrier cover the experiment results in three basic areas: severity ofthe collision impact on vehicle passengers, the impact on a vehicle and deformation of the road protective system. Applied testing procedures meet the requirements of the national standards, that make the equivalents of the European standards EN-1317-1:1998, EN-1317-2:1998, EN-J 317-3:2000. The tests have been performed for selected crash criteria (TB11 and TB32), for a normal restrain level (N2), using three passenger's cars (Dodge Neon and 2 units of Suzuki Swift). Applied testing procedures meet the requirements of the national standards [1-5]. The work presents examples of experimental test results in three basie areas: intensity of the crash impact on the vehicle passengers, the impact on a vehicle and deformation of the road protective system. The test results have been presented in a form of courses of speeds and accelerations along the vehicle body axes x, y, z. Acceleration severity index (ASI), theoretical head impact velocity (THIV), post-impact head delay (PHD), vehicle cabin deformation index (VCDI) and deformation levels of the road protective system (W) have been also defined.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 2; 35-42
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The effect of suspension technical condition on multi-axis vehicle dynamic loads
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Rybak, P.
    Hryciów, Z.
    Michałowski, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247096.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    transport
    multi-axial special vehicles
    combat vehicles
    reliability
    dynamic loads
    Opis:
    The paper describes the operating conditions of multi-axial special vehicles presents the tasks and risks during the so-called peacekeeping and stabilization mission. Given are described risks of travel on the roads and unpaved roads, in towns and hilly terrain. To be able to carry out driving in difficult conditions, the main components of fighting vehicles must have a high reliability. This also applies to the burden of combat. The paper presents a method to assess the condition of the suspension, consequently, its influence on dynamic loads on the crew and the internal equipment of the vehicle, presents a mathematical model of the vehicle similar to the multi-axis wheeled armoured personnel carrier. Describes the numerical model developed on the basis of it. It concerns on performed research for the most common cases. Are examples of the results of numerical estimates of the impact on the failure of the suspension, including damage to the wheels and suspension components, on the level of dynamic loads acting on the vehicle, its equipment and people stay in it. The model vehicle is a versatile tool for analyzing the dynamics of different types of vehicles, including tracked combat vehicles and multiaxial vehicles.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 4; 421-426
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Numerical simulation of the standard TB11 and TB32 tests for a concrete safety barrier
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Hryciów, Z.
    Rybak, P.
    Wysocki, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247654.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    road safety barrier
    crash tests
    computer simulation
    LS-DYNA
    Opis:
    The work presents the traffic safety issue related to a use of the road protective barriers. It describes a purpose and tasks that should be fulfilled by the safety system. Conditions of crash tests and their evaluation according to the requirements of the existing standard documents are also presented. The purpose of the work was to evaluate the influence of applied barrier type on the car collision process. A barrier composed of the segments that can move on the ground due to the impact force and a barrier fixed to the road surface were assumed for the model tests. The modelling was carried out by means of the LS-DYNA sofrware, using the finite element method. The tests were performed for two types of cars, mass of 900 kg and 1500 kg. The work includes the numerical test results, deformations of car bodies and barrier displacement. Examples of velocities and acceleration courses of selected vehicle elements and the ASI index, calculated on their basis, used for evaluation of the passenger danger level were also presented. Obtained results indicate a significant influence of the barrier installation method (joint with the road) on the collision process course and dynamic loads affecting the car passengers. They also indicate directions of safety improvement.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 4; 63-71
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Studies on possibilities of increasing the impact resistance of KTO Rosomak
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Rybak, P.
    Hryciów, Z.
    Wysocki, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241711.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    wheeled armoured carrier
    loads
    mine explosion
    Opis:
    Military vehicles are mostly designed in order to provide effective execution of tasks in regions of expected actions and operation conditions. During execution of projects, resulting from participation in peace making and stabilization missions, military vehicles are subject to the impact of various mines and improvised explosives. In many cases, the explosive material mass included in the explosive charges affecting the vehicles significantly exceeds the values specified in standards defining the required protection levels assumed at the design stage. The above determines the search for additional shields or energy-absorbing elements reducing the effects of such influence. Information concerning design solutions is usually classified or very limited. Majority of companies dealing with that issue provides information concerning the scope of their business, highlighting the military area thus high efficiency of their protective solutions, possibly presenting a general outline of a particular solution. This paper presents selected results of analyses and studies being carried out and obtained results of solutions to problems included in the study tasks covering a considered subject. Proposed solutions of protective shields against mines and IED for the KTO Rosomak are presented.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 4; 101-110
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Model investigations of traction proprieties of the high-speed tracklaying vehicle
    Autorzy:
    Rybak, P.
    Borkowski, W.
    Pańczuk, E.
    Michałowski, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243905.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    tracked fighting vehicle
    tank
    drive unit
    hydrokinetic drive
    Opis:
    Among grandnesses characterizing fighting vehicles is the so called mobility whose propriety have the essential influence on the dynamic of the vehicle in the field and the active protection against paralyzing chemicals. One of factors having the influence on the motility is the kind and the type of the driving system. Nowadays, the overwhelming majority of tracked fighting vehicles (tanks and infantry fighting vehicles)are equipped with drive unit of the hydro-mechanical type. This type of systems significantly increase motion and mobility proprieties of the vehicle. In the basic tank is implemented a drive unit of the mechanical type. One made an attempt modernizations and the replacement of him with the hydro-mechanical system. As supplementary was accepted hydro-mechanical drive unit whose the construction is modeled on the system HSWL for the heavy vehicle. One skipped the range of adaptive works of the system inside the vehicle. The main attention was concentrated on the influence of the modernization on his traction proprieties. One worked out the original numeric program to determine the traction characteristic of tracked fighting vehicles and special vehicles named DYNH. Data for the analysis one prepared and one worked out using the accessible technical documentation and the expert knowledge of the investigative team. On the work one included some results of numerical calculations of traction proprieties of the tracked fighting vehicle equipped with hydro mechanical drive unit of the type arranged in rows, first class. Results were presented in the form of charts of dynamic and turn characteristics.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 2; 409-414
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of the shape of the explosive charge on blast profile
    Autorzy:
    Hryciów, Z.
    Borkowski, W.
    Rybak, P.
    Wysocki, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247727.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    cylindrical and rectangular charge
    blast overpressure
    blast impulse
    LS-DYNA
    ALE
    Opis:
    When an explosive charge is fired, the nature and mass of the explosive are the only parameters of importance usually considered. The shape however, also plays a major role in the effect of an explosive charge. Knowledge of shape effect can be important before the use of the explosive (in order to create a maximum effect with a given mass of explosive), or in post-explosion damage assessment. The shape effect however is only significant within a certain range from the charge. At longer distance, the produced blast wave tends to be spherical. The shock wave parameters studied in this work are the peak overpressure and the first positive impulse. A series of numerical test has been performed in order to determine the range of influence of the charge shape. Different locations of initiation were compared. A hemispherical charge was point detonated at its centre whereas a cylindrical shape was detonated at the centre of an upper or lower plane. Numerical simulations of near field burst were conducted using LS-DYNA software. During numerical tests a pressure fields were determined for different shapes of explosive charges as well as the pressure waveforms at points located 1000 mm from a centre. Additionally, reference pressure history curves from LOAD_BLAST_ENHANCED procedure were calculated.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 4; 169-176
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wieloosiowy pojazd specjalny w warunkach obciążenia wybuchem
    Multi-axle special-purpose vehicle in blast load conditions
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Rybak, P.
    Hryciów, Z.
    Michałowski, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/387001.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Białostocka. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej
    Tematy:
    pojazd wieloosiowy
    obciążenie wybuchem
    pojazd
    badania konstrukcji
    multi-axle vehicle
    vehicle
    blast load conditions
    Opis:
    W pracy opisano zagrożenia wieloosiowych pojazdów specjalnych w działaniach wojennych oraz w ramach misji pokojowych i stabilizacyjnych. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na zagrożenia wynikające z tzw. naziemnej wojny minowej oraz z realizacji zadań patrolowo – interwencyjnych. Przedstawiono założenia przyjęte do budowy modelu matematycznego obiektu badań oraz modelu obciążenia wybuchem. Model obiektu badań zbudowano przy wykorzystaniu metody elementów skończonych. Modele zweryfikowano w oparciu o rezultaty własnych badań eksperymentalnych. Badania konstrukcji pojazdu specjalnego zrealizowano dla wybranych, najczęściej spotykanych przypadków oddziaływań improwizowanych ładunków wybuchowych. Zaprezentowana metodyka badań pozwala na wielowariantowe analizowanie konstrukcji nadwozi i struktur nośnych pojazdów specjalnych obciążonych oddziaływaniem powybuchowych fal uderzeniowych.
    In the paper there were described threats to multi-axle special-purpose vehicles in combat environment as well as within the confines of peace and stabilization missions. Into particular account was taken threats resulting from either so-called ground mine war or realization of patrol and intervention tasks. There were presented assumptions accepted in the process of creating mathematical model of the object and also the model of the blast load. Both models were built using finite elements method. Verification was accomplished based on the results of our own experimental tests. Testing the model of the vehicle structure was realized for most often encountered cases of improvised explosives applications. Presented methodology of research empowers to multivariate analysis of body structure as well as carrier chassis of specialized vehicles under the influence of explosive shock wave loads.
    Źródło:
    Acta Mechanica et Automatica; 2008, 2, 1; 9-12
    1898-4088
    2300-5319
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Mechanica et Automatica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Numerical research on dynamic loads of wheeled armoured personnel carrier during overcoming terrain obstacles
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Michałowski, B.
    Rybak, P.
    Wiśniewski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241735.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    numerical research
    dynamical loads
    wheeled armoured personnel carrier
    simulation
    Opis:
    Paper presents the results of numerical research on the influence of the movement conditions (velocity and various types and parameters of obstacles) on the level of dynamic loads of the body shell and the vehicle crew of the basic version of Wheeled Armoured Personnel Carrier (Wheeled APC) ROSOMAK. The research work was aimed at analysis of the dynamic loads resulting from the overcoming various terrain obstacles. Kinematic constraints acting on suspension used during tests were random and deterministic, e.g. sine, cosine, triangle as well as mixed, imitating fallen tree trunk on smooth surface. Simulations were carried out with the genuine proprietary software for numerical analysis of dynamics of multi-axis vehicles equipped with independent suspension. The paper consists description of the mathematical model of multi-axis vehicle, deterministic and random generated inputs and range of performed tests. Time courses of displacement, velocity, vertical and angular (longitudinal and transverse) accelerations were determined for chosen parts of vehicle. Paper also contains time courses of deflection for every suspension wheel and dynamical reactions of the ground as well as selected time charts and cumulative statistics. Finally paper presents conclusions formulated about dynamic loads of APC ROSOMAK depending on parameters and types of obstacles and vehicle velocity.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 4; 83-92
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Testing of protective covers for special vehicles
    Autorzy:
    Rybak, P.
    Borkowski, W.
    Michałowski, B.
    Hryciów, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243297.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    combat vehicle
    transportation vehicle
    explosive charge
    modelling
    protective structure
    Opis:
    In the paper were presented threats happen to special and transportation vehicles while task performing within the confines of peace forcing and keeping missions on world areas threatened by conflicts and that could be areas of unitfuture actions. Based on available materials and authors results of numerical and experimental tests, effects of various explosive charges action on special vehicles were presented. Such explosive charges could be used during fighting in urban and mountainous areas as well as other with limited area. Were presented directions of research and development leading to increase protection level for people, inside special and transportation vehicle, against combat agents characteristic for peace keeping and stabilization missions that could be used also while warfare. In the paper were presented numerical model of protection structure, which were worked out on the basis of the Finite Element Method. There are presented some results of experimental and modelling tests of after blast shock wave action on armoured shell and prepared protection structures for special and transportation vehicles. The maximum deformations of research objects and stress in construction were put. The comparisons of results for numerical and experimental researches were introduced. Protecting structure was loaded by shock wave pressure generated by hypothetical unconventional explosive charge (improvise explosive device or non-contact mine). In the paper were also made effort to point at possibility and necessity to choose the most effective parameters of structure for protected part of combat vehicle against potential threats.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 1; 219-226
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Prototype articulated joint in connections of the concrete protective barrier
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Hryciów, Z.
    Rybak, P.
    Wysocki, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244656.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    transport
    road safety
    concrete protective barrier
    crash test
    articulated joint
    Opis:
    The work describes methodology of selection of a prototype articulated joint used to connect the segments of the concrete protection barrier. The barrier and the joint have been made according to the original project of the authors of this paper. Dimensions of the component elements of the joint were defined on the basis of numerical calculations in LS-DYNA system, using finite element method. They also allowed to identify places sensible to damage. Based on the project, the experimental tests have been performed for the joint strength to stretching. The tests performed on the resistance machine showed improper technology and poor quality of welds joining individual elements, particularly the bolt with connecting steel. Results of these tests made the basis for introducing the changes to the project. Repeated tests confirmed their rightness. The final evaluation of quality and usefulness of the prototype articulated joint in the connections of movable protection barrier were defined during the crash tests on the test track of the Certified Research Laboratory of the Research Institute for Roads and Bridges. The crash tests were performed for selected collision criteria (TB11 and TB32), normal restrain level (N2), using three passengers cars. Applied concrete barrier test procedures are in accordance with the requirements of national standards, that make the equivalents of the European standards.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 1; 85-92
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Badanie wpływu wzajemnego ustawienia elementów endoprotez stawu biodrowego na wybrane parametry procesu tarcia
    Testing of influence of mutual arrangement of hip endoprosthesis elements upon selected parameters of the friction process
    Autorzy:
    Sulej-Chojnacka, J.
    Rybak, T.
    Markuszewski, J.
    Woźniak, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/212055.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Obróbki Plastycznej
    Tematy:
    badania tarciowo-zużyciowe
    endoproteza stawu biodrowego
    hip simulator
    friction-wear tests
    hip endoprothesis
    Opis:
    Całkowita wymiana stawu biodrowego jest obecnie wysoce skuteczną i efektywną metodą przywracania funkcjonowania tego stawu. Podstawową cechą, która powinna cechować sztuczne stawy jest ich stabilność. W artykule opisano wyniki badań wpływu wzajemnego ustawienia elementów endoprotezy stawu biodrowego na wybrane parametry procesu tarcia. Badaniom poddano dwie pary trące o różnych średnicach, wykonane z różnych materiałów. Eksperyment wykonano na zaprojektowanym i zbudowanym w Instytucie Obróbki Plastycznej w Poznaniu symulatorze do badań elementów endoprotez stawu biodrowego SBT-01. Praca wykonana została we współpracy z Kliniką Ortopedii Ogólnej, Onkologicznej i Traumatologii na Uniwersytecie Medycznym im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu.
    Total hip replacement is very effective method in case of human joint functionality restoring. The most important property of artificial joints is their functional stability. Results of influence of reciprocal endoprosthesis components setting on chosen friction parameters are presented. Two friction couples with different diameter made of different materials has been tested. Experiment has been performed using hip endoprosthesis simulator SBT-01 designed and constructed in Metal Forming Institute hip endoprosthesis simulator SBT-01. Work was carried out in cooperation with General Orthopaedics, Oncology and Traumatology Clinic at Karol Marcinkowski Poznan University of Medical Sciences.
    Źródło:
    Obróbka Plastyczna Metali; 2010, 21, 2; 129-141
    0867-2628
    Pojawia się w:
    Obróbka Plastyczna Metali
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Spiekane tuleje proszkowe samosmarnego łożyska ślizgowego o zmodyfikowanych właściwościach
    Sintered powder sleeves of a self-lubricating slide bearing with modified properties
    Autorzy:
    Wiśniewski, T.
    Rybak, T.
    Wendland, J.
    Majchrzak, W.
    Leshchynsky, V.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/212139.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Obróbki Plastycznej
    Tematy:
    tuleja samosmarna
    modyfikacja warstwy wierzchniej
    badania tribologiczne
    temperatura
    self-lubricated sleeve
    surface layer modification
    tribological tests
    temperature
    Opis:
    W artykule opisano proces technologiczny wytwarzania tulei samosmarnej łożyska ślizgowego z modyfikowaną warstwą wierzchnią, przeznaczonego do pracy w trudnych warunkach eksploatacyjnych. Modyfikację warstwy tulei przeprowadzono opracowaną w Instytucie techniką i metodą otrzymywania grafenopodobnych cząstek proszków metali. Przedstawiono wyniki badania tarcia i zużycia współpracującej pary wałek opracowana tuleja, na testerze TWT-500N nowej własnej konstrukcji, w temperaturze 20, 300 i 500oC.
    The article describes the technological process of production of a self-lubricating sleeve with the nanoparticle solid lubricant modified surface layer and the first results of friction and wear tests in exploitation conditions. The modification of the sleeve surface layer was carried out by pressure impregnation technique with of graphene- like nanoparticles of solid lubricant. Results of friction tests and wear of the shaft-sleeve pair done on the TWT-500N tester of the Institute’s design at 20, 300 and 500oC temperatures are presented.
    Źródło:
    Obróbka Plastyczna Metali; 2010, 21, 1; 53-64
    0867-2628
    Pojawia się w:
    Obróbka Plastyczna Metali
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Selection of elastic suspension elements for the special use vehicle
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Michalowski, B.
    Paplinski, K.
    Rybak, P.
    Wysocki, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242198.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    special vehicle
    suspension
    spring
    elastic element
    lateral tilt stabilizer
    Opis:
    The work analyzes the possibility of using a truck chassis in terms of installing a specific device. As part ofwork was selected the vehicle, identified the necessary geometric parameters and the mass allowing of modernization, with particular emphasis on the required structural changes in the front and rear suspension. To this were used, the developed two phase methodology of calculation of the metal elastic elements (springs) and mechanical lateral tilt stabilizers. Results of numerical calculations are presented in the form of recommendations to redesign of the front and rear suspension. However, in the front suspension should be made a new spring and a mechanical lateral tilt stabilizer, while rear spring suspension meets the requirements in terms of elastic characteristics (adequate the coefficient of rigidity) is requiredonly adjustment of the static deflection of the suspension for example by adjusting the radii of leaf of the spring. Because of the design solution of the driving rear axle (so called driving axle trolley) was not proposed mechanical lateral tilt stabilizer. Paper present diagram of the forces acting on a vehicle with special equipment, results of the calculation loads acting on the suspension components fitted to a lorry with a special device, results of the calculation loads acting on the base vehicle suspension components, the basic parameters of a lorry with special hull and performance graph of the front suspension leaf spring resilience.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 3; 47-54
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Experimental researches of dynamic loads of armoured personnel carrier and its crew during collision with rigid obstacle and all - terrain vehicle
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Hryciów, Z.
    Rybak, P.
    Wysocki, J.
    Wiśniewski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242892.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    armoured personnel carrier
    dynamic load
    dummy
    crash test
    passive safety
    Opis:
    The paper presents problems related to dynamic loads of armoured personnel carriers design as well as soldiers located inside them. During tactical operation, there is often the need for ramming other vehicles or terrain obstacles in order to provide road possibility. The lack in armoured vehicles, commonly used in cars crumple zones, will result in large values of accelerations. This can cause significant risk to the crews of vehicles. In order to assess the exposure of soldiers while overcoming terrain and engineering obstacles experimental studies were performed covering a carrier’s collision with a rigid barrier and ramming of all-terrain vehicle. In the paper the research conditions and used measurement equipment were described. A four-wheel SKOT personnel carrier and Tarpan Honker car, out of service, was used for the tests. The tests were carried out within the area of the Military Institute for Armoured and Automotive Technology in Sulejówek. During crash tests, anthropomorphic measurement equipment – Hybrid III 50th Male Dummy type – was used for recording the values of loads affecting the soldiers. The article presents some results of experimental studies. The values of the carrier’s body accelerations in driver’s and landing troop compartment were compared as well as dynamic loads of test dummies. The results obtained during vehicle ramming prove that these types of actions do not cause serious threats for the members of the carrier crew.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 3; 71-78
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of the influence of concrete safety barrier segment length on road safety
    Analiza wpływu długości segmentu betonowej bariery ochronnej na bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Hryciów, Z.
    Rybak, P.
    Wysocki, J.
    Wiśniewski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1364492.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
    Tematy:
    passive safety
    crash tests
    concrete safety barrier
    computer simulation
    LS-DYNA
    bezpieczeństwo bierne
    testy zderzeniowe
    betonowe bariery ochronne
    symulacja komputerowa
    Opis:
    The paper presents problems related to road safety in terms of the development of the concrete barriers system, dispersing energy of car collision on the roads with high traffic and high accident risk. Particular attention was paid to barriers' basic parameters - weight and length of the segment. The main objective of the numeric researches was to assess the qualitative and quantitative effects of the car collision with a concrete road barrier in accordance with the standard EN 1317. To the model tests a 900 kg passenger car has been used which allowed to perform TB11 test according to EN 1317-2 standard (initial velocity - 100 km/h). Numerical studies were carried out for concrete segments lengths: 2, 4, 6, 8 m for two selected impact points. Detailed comparisons of simulation test results obtained for individual variants were made on the basis of the acceleration courses of selected car bodywork points, calculated indicators, the trajectory of vehicle movement after collision as well as on the basis of the behaviour of the concrete barriers.
    Niniejsza praca stanowi rozwinięcie problematyki bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego w aspekcie opracowania systemu betonowych barier ochronnych, rozpraszających energią zderzenia samochodu na drogach o dużym natężeniu ruchu i wysokim zagrożeniu wypadkowym, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem jej podstawowych parametrów konstrukcyjnych (masy i długości segmentu). Głównym celem przeprowadzonych badań numerycznych było dokonanie oceny jakościowej i ilościowej skutków zderzenia samochodu z betonową barierą drogową zgodnie z obowiązującą normą EN 1317. Obliczenia przeprowa-dzono w systemie LS - DYNA wykorzystującego metodę elementów skończonych. Pojazd badany o masie 900 kg poruszał się z prędkością początkową 100 km/h, a następnie uderzał w system barier. Badania numeryczne zrealizowano dla segmentów betonowych o długościach: 2, 4, 6, 8 m, dla dwóch wybranych punktów zderzenia. Szczegółowych porównań wyników badań symulacyjnych, otrzymanych dla poszczególnych wariantów obliczeniowych, dokonano na podstawie przebiegów czasowych przyspieszeń wybranych punktów nadwozia samochodu, obliczonych na ich podstawie wskaźników, trajektorii ruchu pojazdu po zderzeniu, a także na podstawie zachowania się betonowej bariery ochronnej.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2014, 63, 1; 25-34
    1234-754X
    2084-476X
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Motoryzacji
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of different biofuels on common rail injector flow rate
    Autorzy:
    Rybak, A.
    Hunicz, J.
    Krzaczek, P.
    Golimowski, W.
    Marcinkowski, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133525.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    oils
    lubrication
    engines
    injector
    diesel
    biodiesel
    oleje
    nawilżanie
    silnik
    wtryskiwacz
    Opis:
    In this study dynamic flow rates of a common rail injector using diesel fuel and different biofuels were determined. As biofuels, fatty acid methyl esters originating from canola, poultry, cattle and used cooking oil were tested. The tested fuels exhibited different physical properties e.g. density and viscosity. Measurements of the injector delivery rates were performed on a test stand designed for determination of injectors and injection pumps characteristics. Each fuel was tested at temperatures between 30 and 60°C, under injection pressure in the range of 30–180 MPa and injection time in the range of 200–1600 microseconds. The results showed differences in injector flow rates depending on used fuel, however different fuel properties affected amount of fuel injected especially at short injection durations.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2017, 56, 4; 39-43
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Obciążenia dynamiczne gąsienicowego wozu bojowego
    Dynamic loads of tracked combat vehicle
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Rybak, P.
    Hryciów, Z.
    Wysocki, J.
    Michałowski, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/210283.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
    Tematy:
    budowa i eksploatacja maszyn
    gąsienicowy wóz bojowy
    obciążenia
    structure and operation of machines
    tracked combat vehicle
    dynamic loads
    Opis:
    Wśród gąsienicowych wozów bojowych szczególnie wysokimi walorami wyróżniają się czołgi i wozy bojowe piechoty. Są one uniwersalnymi środkami walki, działającymi skutecznie zarówno w działaniach zaczepnych jak i w obronie, w różnych warunkach, stanowiąc podstawowy środek walki wojsk lądowych. O przydatności gąsienicowych wozów bojowych decydują ich główne cechy bojowe, do których zalicza się siłę ognia, opancerzenie i ruchliwość. Ruchliwość odzwierciedla zdolności dynamiczne i manewrowe. To od niej przede wszystkim zależy tempo działań bojowych, możliwość manewru wojskami oraz zdolności przekraczania różnych przeszkód, zarówno naturalnych jak i sztucznych. Właściwości dynamiczne wozów bojowych to głównie ich prędkości maksymalne i średnie w terenie oraz zdolność przyspieszania. Na ruchliwość duży wpływ ma silnik, układ napędowy i gąsienicowy układ jezdny. Aby zapewnić dużą ruchliwość, układ napędowy powinien charakteryzować się wysokim wskaźnikiem mocy jednostkowej, układ jezdny natomiast powinien stwarzać warunki płynnej jazdy oraz amortyzację wstrząsów i szarpnięć. Ruchliwość wozów bojowych ma istotny wpływ na żywotność czołgu oraz prawdopodobieństwo ich trafienia, jest elementem tzw. obrony czynnej. Wzrost ruchliwości bardzo ściśle wiąże się ze wzrostem obciążeń dynamicznych, które działają na kadłub pojazdu i jego załogę oraz wyposażenie wewnętrzne. W pracy podjęto próbę oceny wpływu niektórych parametrów na obciążenia dynamiczne gąsienicowego wozu bojowego, w oparciu o analizę stanu zagadnienia jak i badania własne.
    Tanks and infantry fighting vehicles stand out with especially high advantages from among other tracked combat vehicles. They are universal combat means, operating effectively in offensive operations as well as in defence, in various weather conditions, providing the most essential combat weapons of the army. Usefulness of those vehicles is determined by their fire power, armour and mobility, which rank among the main combat features. Mobility represents dynamic and manoeuvre capabilities. On mobility first of all depends military action pace, possibility of troops movement and ability of clearing various, natural or artificial obstacles. Dynamic capabilities of combat vehicles include their peak and mean velocities in field as well as acceleration ability. Significant influence on mobility of the vehicles have the proper engine, power drive and suspension system. To provide suitable mobility of the vehicle, the power drive system should be characterized by high power ratio, whereas suspension system should ensure conditions of fluent motion and absorption of shocks and rattles while moving. Mobility of combat vehicles has real influence on their survival at battlefield and probability of avoiding the hit by enemy means. Increase in mobility is strictly connected with the increase in the dynamic loads, which affect the hull, equipment and the crew of the vehicle. In the paper, an attempt to estimate the influence of chosen parameters of the vehicle on its dynamical loads was undertaken. The analysis of professional literature, as well as the results of authors' own research were considered.
    Źródło:
    Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej; 2010, 59, 1; 333-345
    1234-5865
    Pojawia się w:
    Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of operation conditions on the wheeled armoured carrier characteristics
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Rybak, P.
    Hryciów, Z.
    Wysocki, J.
    Michałowski, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245920.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    wheeled armoured carrier
    characteristics
    traction features
    loads
    Opis:
    Participation of Polish military contingent in peach and stabilization missions resulted in the need for new vehicles. Special vehicles - multiaxle ones of good protection abilities and high motion dynamics - have to be adjusted to operation in various climate and terrain conditions. The work presents operation conditions of the wheeled armoured carriers resulting from the execution of required tasks. Threats resulting from driving on unpaved roads and wilderness have been presented as well as their influence on the motion dynamics, technical condition of vehicle chassis, durability and reliability. It is particularly important for the passenger safety. A mathematical vehicle model, imitating special multiaxle vehicle, have been presented. Calculation abilities of original numerical software for the analysis of vehicle traction characteristics have been presented. Mechanical and hydromechanical drive vehicles can be analysed. Examples of calculation results, illustrated on the diagrams, have been also included. Influence of selected technical - structural parameters on a multiaxle vehicle has been shown. Their influence on traction characteristics and dynamic loads affecting the vehicle, its internat equipment and the passengers has been estimated.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 1; 59-65
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Traction properties of the tracked combat vehicle at lowered power of the driving engine
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Rybak, P.
    Michałowski, B.
    Wysocki, J.
    Hryciów, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246171.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    combat vehicle
    tank
    renewable fuel
    drive characteristic
    mobility
    Opis:
    Contemporary and future battlefield may be characterized by a great dynamism of action in both defensive and offensive operations. It is possible, that armoured and mechanized troops, acting at first attack, will suffer from shortages of supplies of materials and other equipment, especially propellants. It concerns particularly a fuel to engines of driving vehicles. Therefore in many cases for engine powering (as multi-propellant engines or adapted to work on substitute fuels) may be used substitute fuel. The fuel parameters sometimes may be much different from parameters of diesel. So it is substantially important to estimate their dynamics during the planning stage of combat missions. Paper includes attempt to estimate dynamic features of the combat vehicles using substitute propellants. Applying substitute propellants leads to reducing the power of the engine up to 10 % comparing to diesel. It has essential impact on lowering the dynamic ratio at similar level. That leads to lower maximum drive speed at given resistance ofmotion and reducing the ability to climb slopes. There also appears deterioration of spurt, extending the time of reaching speeds at about 17%. Paper shows results of traction calculations of combat vehicles and the influence of powering them with renewable fuel on their effectiveness.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 1; 59-68
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Experimental researches of safety of armoured personnel carrier crew during collision with obstacle
    Badania eksperymentalne bezpieczeństwa załogi transportera opancerzonego podczas zderzenia z przeszkodą
    Autorzy:
    Hryciów, Z.
    Borkowski, W.
    Wysocki, J.
    Rybak, P.
    Wiśniewski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/263268.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
    Tematy:
    HYBRID III
    passive safety
    dynamic loads
    cash tests personnel carrier
    bezpieczeństwo bierne
    obciążenia dynamiczne
    testy zderzeniowe
    transporter opancerzony
    Opis:
    The paper presents problems related to dynamic loads of armoured personnel carriers design as well as soldiers located inside them. In order to assess the exposure of soldiers while overcoming terrain and engineering obstacles experimental studies were performed covering a carrier's collision with a concrete obstacle. The scope of the tests included a collision of the armoured personnel carrier with obstacle for two speeds: 6 and 12 km/h. During crash tests, anthropomorphic measurement equipment - Hybrid III 50th Male Dummy type - was used for recording the values of loads affecting the soldiers. During crash tests, two fast video cameras were used for recording motion of the carrier and obstacle's plates. The vehicle body accelerations were recorded as well. ln the paper the research conditions and used measurement equipment were described. Same results of experimental studies were presented. Typical phases of motions of dummies located in driving and landing troop compartment were presented. The values of the carrier's body accelerations in driving and landing troop compartment were compared, displacements of barrier's segments were described. Obtained results indicated that carrier's driver is subjected to higher loads. During crash test at law velocities, the limit values were not exceeded in any analysed case.
    W pracy przedstawiono problematykę związaną z obciążeniami dynamicznymi, jakim podlega konstrukcja transportera opancerzonego, jak również znajdującej się w nim załogi w trakcie realizacji misji. W celu oceny narażenia żołnierzy podczas pokonywania przeszkód i zapór inżynieryjnych wykonano badania eksperymentalne polegające na zderzeniu transportera z barierą złożoną z płyt betonowych. Badania wykonano dla dwóch prędkości zderzenia: 6 i 12 km/h. Do badań użyto dwa manekiny badawcze Hybrid III, które umożliwiły m.in. pomiar przyspieszeń głowy oraz sił i momentów działających w górnym odcinku kręgosłupa. W trakcie badań rejestrowano ponadto przemieszczenia transportera i bariery za pomocą szybkich kamer jak również wartości przyspieszeń kadłuba transportera. W artykule scharakteryzowano użytą aparaturę pomiarową. Przedstawiono wybrane wyniki badań eksperymentalnych. Zamieszczono fazy ruchu manekina w przedziale kierowania i przedziale desantowym dla charakterystycznych momentów. Zestawiono wartości opóźnień kadłuba transportera w przedziale kierowania i przedziale desantowym oraz opisano przemieszczenia barier. Otrzymane wyniki wskazują, że większym obciążeniom podlega kierowca pojazdu. Dla analizowanych zderzeń z małymi prędkościami nie zaobserwowano przekroczenia wartości dopuszczalnych obciążeń.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2013, 3; 3-12, 87-96
    1234-754X
    2084-476X
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Motoryzacji
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Studies on the effectiveness of the innovative road safety system
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Hryciów, Z.
    Rybak, P.
    Wysocki, J.
    Wiśniewski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242956.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    road safety barrier
    crash tests
    computer simulation
    LS-DYNA
    FEM
    Opis:
    The paper evaluates the effectiveness of the innovative road safety system equipped with prototype component segments composed of a body made of a plastic filled with reinforced concrete. Main advantages of the new safety barrier include increased resistance to corrosion as well as easy transport and assembly directly on a road section being secured. Model tests were performed on a car of 900 kg weight allowing for carrying out the TB11 tests according to the EN 1317-2 standard. LS-DYNA software was applied for modelling, using the finite element method. The work presents the numerical test results, trajectory of vehicle movement after collision as well as the concrete barrier displacement. It also includes examples of stress in steel bars and joint coupling. Detailed assessing of simulation test results were made on the basis of ASI, THIV and PHD index. They were calculated on the basis of velocity and acceleration courses of selected car bodywork points. Numerical test results confirm the fact that this system meets the normative requirements. They allow for qualifying that system for B impact severity level and W4 working width. The results presented in the paper make the initial stage of the study and further calculations will be oriented towards a possibility of meeting the requirements for higher restraint levels.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 2; 27-32
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Właściowości trakcyjne gąsienicowego wozu bojowego przy obniżonej mocy silnika napędowego
    Traction features of tracked combat vehicle with decreased engine power
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Rybak, P.
    Michałowski, B.
    Wysocki, J.
    Hryciów, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/210287.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
    Tematy:
    ruchliwość
    gąsienicowy wóz bojowy
    czołg podstawowy
    paliwo odnawialne
    charakterystyka trakcyjna
    mobility
    tracked combat vehicle
    main battle tank
    renewable fuel
    drive characteristic
    Opis:
    Współczesne i przyszłe pole walki charakteryzować się będzie dużą dynamiką działań zarówno w działaniach obronnych, jak i zaczepnych. Może się zdarzyć, że nie zawsze do pododdziałów pancernych i zmechanizowanych działających w pierwszym rzucie dotrze zaopatrzenie materiało-wotechniczne. Dotyczy to szczególnie paliwa do silników napędowych pojazdów. Dlatego też w wielu wypadkach do ich zasilania (jako silników wielopaliwowych lub przystosowanych do pracy na paliwach zastępczych) wykorzystywane może być paliwo zastępcze. Paliwo, którego parametry niekiedy znacznie różnią się od parametrów oleju napędowego. Istotne jest zatem, aby przy planowaniu zadań bojowych móc oszacować ich dynamikę. W pracy podjęto próbę oszacowania właściwości dynamicznych pojazdu przy zasilaniu paliwami zastępczymi. Przedstawiono wyniki obliczeń trakcyjnych gąsienicowego wozu bojowego oraz wpływ zasilania silnika paliwem odnawialnym na jego ruchliwość.
    Modern and future battle field will be characterized by high dynamics of operations, both defensive and off ensive ones. It is possible, that armoured troops of the first attack will suffer from shortages of supplies of materials and other equipment, especially propellants. That is why, in many cases, it is practised to adapt engines to various fuels. Substitute propellants, as a rule, have lower combustion features and they demand special treatment, e.g., aviation petrol in diesel engines. It is substantially important to know the influence of substitutes on the dynamics of vehicles. The paper describes the attempt to estimate dynamic features of combat vehicles using substitute propellants. The results of traction calculations of tracked combat vehicle were shown and impact of powering with renewable fuel on the vehicle mobility was presented.
    Źródło:
    Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej; 2010, 59, 1; 210-223
    1234-5865
    Pojawia się w:
    Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mathematical model of stabilising and tracking control system in main battle tank
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Hryciów, Z.
    Papliński, K. M.
    Rybak, P.
    Wysocki, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244961.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    main battle tank
    stabilising and tracking control system
    tank gun stabiliser
    Opis:
    The aim of this researches was to identify all functional blocks of tank gun stabiliser 2E28M (installed in tanks T-72 and PT-91 Twardy) in order to build mathematical model of the system. The tank gun stabiliser is an electro-hydraulic control system, which makes possible aiming at a target, tracking of a target and stabilise of a given gun and turret angular position. The two-axial stabiliser consists of two separate control systems to stabilise the gun in elevation and the turret (with gun) in azimuth. After detailed analysis of construction and work principles, functional schemes of investigated systems were build. Afterwards, static and dynamic characteristics of functional parts of the system were determined. Because of obtained characteristics and based on the knowledge about the system feedbacks, structural schemes and mathematical models of foregoing stabiliser were derived. The results of numerical computations were compared with the existing results of experimental tests carried-out on a real plant. The results of experimental and model simulation investigations showed that the mathematical model and its numerical implementation were correctly developed.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 4; 43-52
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The research on dynamic loads and traction properties of military vehicles in the aspect of improvement of their structures
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Rybak, P.
    Hryciów, Z.
    Wysocki, J.
    Michałowski, B.
    Wiśniewski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247931.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    military vehicle
    dynamic loads
    traction
    model tests
    experimental tests
    Opis:
    Since the beginning of the 90’s, a scientific team in the Motor Vehicle and Transport Institute of the Mechanical Department in the Military University of Technology, has been involved in the model and experimental tests of the existing structures of the military vehicles (tanks, combat infantry vehicles and wheeled armoured carriers) in the aspect of their modernization. A part of works is related to the military vehicles included in the army’s equipment and the other parts are related to newly designed vehicles. In both cases issues related to the behaviour of selected assemblies and the whole vehicle, structure during threats posed by the reality of contemporary battlefield or armed symmetric or asymmetric conflicts are analysed. Selected effects of the tests and analyses will be presented mostly within the qualitative scope due to the data sensitivity. Contemporary design of military vehicles requires involvement of various research methods and specialized calculation software. The results obtained during performed various experimental tests make a valuable basis for verification of numerical models used in design process and multi-option simulation calculations.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 1; 37-46
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Numerical research on the special container of increased technical and design requirements
    Autorzy:
    Rybak, P.
    Borkowski, W.
    Hryciów, Z.
    Michałowski, B.
    Wiśniewski, A.
    Wysocki, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242624.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    numerical research
    dynamical loads
    simulation
    Opis:
    This paper presents issues related to the process of designing a 30-feet container to be used as a mobile laboratory for collecting the environmental samples and identification of biological threats. Tactical and technical assumptions for the container, taking into account the requirements of the transport and movement of the army at long distances and in the difficult areas by means of transport characterized by increased traction properties, made the starting point. A possible way of relocation on the land roads using commonly available and military means of transport, possibilities of loading and unloading using the autonomic system and automatic levelling system are described. It describes the process of creating the MES model of the supporting structure and assumptions taken for that purpose. The basic assumption included invariability of shape, geometry and dimensions of a container compared to containers recognized in the world as the standard ones. Some results of numerical calculations carried out at two stages are presented. At the first stage, the issues on the own values were solved. Frequencies of own vibrations and associated forms of vibrations were identified. At the second stage, forced container vibrations were analysed. Resistance calculations were performed for the supporting structure of the container in the aspect of evaluation of the strain condition of the whole structure, as well as its components for assumed load variants. A variability of resistance calculations takes into account such cases as the influence of the under-container trailer riding on the uneven ground, loading and unloading a container from a trailer using autonomous system, diversity of loads on the supports resulting from the change of the ground density under the supports. A preliminary analysis of container transport possibilities and transport unit traction properties have been also carried out.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 3; 347-352
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Experimental research on the dynamic loads of the wheeled armoured personnel carrier
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Hryciów, Z.
    Michałowski, B.
    Rybak, P.
    Wiśniewski, A.
    Wysocki, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243711.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    experimental research
    dynamic loads
    wheeled armoured personnel carrier
    acceleration
    vibrations
    Opis:
    The results of the experimental research on the influence of the special vehicle movement conditions on the body shell and the vehicle crew dynamic load will be presented in the paper. ROSOMAK Wheeled Armoured Personnel Carrier (Wheeled APC), the basic version, was the subject of the research. The research work was aimed at analysis of the dynamic loads resulting from the deterministic inputs and driving on the selected types of surfaces generating random kinematic inputs. The personnel carrier service conditions, measuring apparatus, and testing methods will be described. The vertical accelerations of the selected points of the vehicle, and deflection of the prime and second suspension of the vehicle left side were measured. The time and the acceleration RMS value spectrum charts for the selected implementations will be presented. The cumulative statistics will be shown in the form of a table. The conclusions regarding the influence of the road surface on the personnel carrier driver's working comfort will be formulated. The assessment of the suspension quality will be included in the conclusions. Driving on the smooth surface is comfortable. However, the road surface worsening causes decreased proficiency sense until the exposure limit boundary is reached when the vehicle drives on a poor quality cobble road with 50 km/h speed. The vehicle basic version is not fitted with the seats for assault troops, therefore the influence of the road irregularities on the centre of mass of the body shell, and the driver's and commander's seats were determined. It is recommended to make further tests on the personnel carrier combat and special versions.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 1; 69-76
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Studies on the supporting structure of the ”crossbow” rocket launcher in the aspect of improvement of its resistance properties
    Autorzy:
    Rybak, P.
    Borkowski, W.
    Hryciów, Z.
    Michałowski, B.
    Wiśniewski, A.
    Wysocki, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243483.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    structure
    dynamical loads
    experimental research
    numerical research
    Opis:
    This paper presents the results of the studies on a special vehicle Polaris Ranger 6×6 800 equipped with the ”Crossbow” antiaircraft rocket launcher, manufactured by TELESYSTEM-MESKO Sp z o. o. Implementation and Manufacture Centre. The supporting structure of the launcher made the main object of the analysis. The essential goal of that undertaking was to obtain a structure of resistance assuring reliable system operation in various conditions of use. In order to reach that goal, the experimental as well as the model tests have been performed on the launcher vehicle. The experimental tests were carried out during multi-variant rides on the paved roads and in the wilderness of significant level of unevenness. Significant information on the level, directions and nature of affecting dynamic loads and the effects of their influence on the vehicle elements. The analysis of obtained results also provided the data required for a development of a model of the object of the studies. A MES model of the object of the studies was prepared in the LS-DYNA system. A high pressure was put on modelling a complex chassis of the launcher and mutual reaction of assemblies and parts. A generalized issue on the own properties was solved – frequencies and associated forms of vibrations of own main assemblies were designated. Resistance calculations were carried out for assumed loads. In principle, loads imposed by normative requirements for a particular class of armament and military equipment were assumed. Loads resulting from potential conditions of use and installation on other carriers were also included. The tests were performed for various load variants. Sensitive elements of the chassis were modified and highly satisfying results were obtained. It gives a reason to think that the chassis is resistant to expected and difficult operation conditions and assures that the whole system will work reliably.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 3; 353-358
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Research on the effectiveness of the innovative protective structure for vehicles
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Rybak, P.
    Hryciów, Z.
    Starczewski, L.
    Gmitrzuk, M.
    Szcześniak, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243785.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    structure
    dynamical loads
    experimental research
    numerical research
    Opis:
    This article presents results of the research on developed innovative protective structure for vehicles. The fundamental objective of executed work was to check the correctness of assumed assumptions, shape and geometry of the solution and configuration of components that affect the protective effectiveness during the impact of the explosive. In order to reach that goal, both model tests and experimental tests were carried out. The experimental tests were carried out on the real object. Significant information about the level, directions and nature of affecting dynamic loads were obtained as well as information about their impact on particular structure elements. The MES numerical model of the research object has been developed in LS-Dyna system. Special emphasis was placed on the mapping of complex geometry, configuration of components and their interactions. Test calculations were carried out and then the resistance calculations were made. As a load, generating post-explosion impact wave, the load imposed by normative requirements concerning the way of explosive arrangement as well as the shape and weight. The analysis of obtained results of the experimental and numerical tests allows for high evaluation of effectiveness of proposed solution.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 1; 29-36
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Operational loads of combat vehicles
    Autorzy:
    Borkowski, W.
    Rybak, P.
    Hryciów, Z.
    Wysocki, J.
    Papliński, K.
    Michałowski, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244652.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    combat vehicles
    maintenance
    modeling and experimental research
    Opis:
    The paper describes dynamic load-generating sources and their effects on combat vehicles (CV), placed people and equipment within it. The variety of the operation conditions causes a complex dynamic load, both in terms of level, direction and distribution. The effects of the impacts are shown in photographs. It is important to know the level of loads in terms of the development of resistant and safe high-speed tracked combat vehicles. The selected results of its own researches of high-speed tracked combat vehicles were presented. Research were carried out under conditions similar to those typical for this class of vehicles, both during the rides on the road, the ground and obstacles on the specially constructed for this purpose. The results of research and analysis are compared in the form of graphs and the estimated value. The paper presents angular movement of the hull of the CV as well as displacements of carrying wheels during overcoming a single obstacle, elastic characteristics of hydro-pneumatic suspension components, distribution of pressure acting on a selected area of the bottom of the hull after mine explosion and power spectral density estimator of tank gun vibration as well as being the source longitudinal vibration of the hull tank. The presented scope and methodology allows the multi-variants investigation and estimate the loads of the hall, interior fittings and people in special vehicles and other objects that may be exposed to this type of loads.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 1; 77-84
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    On influence of anodic oxidation on thrombogenicity and bioactivity of the Ti-13Nb- 13Zr alloy
    Autorzy:
    Szymonowicz, M.
    Kazek-Kęsik, A.
    Sowa, M.
    Żywicka, B
    Rybak, Z.
    Simka, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951810.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    stopy tytanu
    utlenianie anodowe
    modyfikacja powierzchni
    krew
    vanadium-free titanium alloys
    anodic oxidation
    surface modification
    blood compatibility
    Opis:
    Purpose: This paper reports the results of investigations of the blood response of the modified titanium alloys surfaces. Methods: To enhance biocompatibility of the Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy, anodisation was performed at 80 and 150 V. The oxidation process was carried out in a solution containing 4 mol dm−3 H3PO4 and 0.59 mol dm−3 Ca(H2PO2)2. Results: The haemolytic activity of the titanium alloy surface was not altered much by the anodisation. The obtained values of the percentage of haemolysis were well below the levels required for the materials intended for blood contact. The clotting time of the blood was similar for the as-ground sample and the sample anodised at 80 V. For the sample anodised at 150 V the clotting time was shorter. The differences between these samples were observed in partial thromboplastin time after activation, prothrombin time and thrombin time, after 24 h. Extracts taken from the samples were not toxic towards the L-929 mouse fibroblast cells. Conclusions: The proposed treatment might be appropriate for the preparation of the modified Ti-13Nb-13Zr surfaces intended for bone reconstruction or cardiovascular implants depending on process parameters.
    Źródło:
    Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2017, 19, 2; 41-50
    1509-409X
    2450-6303
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Badania eksperymentalne wojskowych pojazdów mechanicznych
    Experimental investigations of military motor vehicles
    Autorzy:
    Rybak, P.
    Borkowski, W.
    Hryciów, Z.
    Wysocki, J.
    Papliński, K.
    Michałowski, B.
    Wiśniewski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/253134.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy TTS
    Tematy:
    pojazd wojskowy
    badania
    obciążenia dynamiczne
    military vehicle
    survey
    dynamic load
    Opis:
    W ramach pracy prezentowane są wyniki badań eksperymentalnych dotyczących różnych prac naukowobadawczych wspartych wiedzą ekspercką, analizą dostępnych materiałów i studiami literaturowymi, które nie uwzględniają oddziaływania na pojazd wojskowy szeroko rozumianej problematyki wybuchu niekontaktowego. Przedstawiono wybrane wyniki badań obciążeń dynamicznych dla czołgów, bojowych wozów piechoty, kołowych transporterów opancerzonych i innych pojazdów wojskowych. Badania eksperymentalne realizowano zgodnie z obowiązującymi przepisami w MON z uwzględnieniem norm obronnych i oryginalnych procedur badawczych opracowanych przez zespół.
    As part of the work presents the results of experimental investigations on various scientific-research works supported by expertise, analysis of available materials and literature studies that do not take into account the impact on the military vehicle the broader issue of non-contact explosion. The paper presents selected results of dynamic load for tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, wheeled armored personnel carriers and other military vehicles. Experimental investigations carried out in accordance with the applicable rules at the Ministry of National Defence, taking into account the defense standards and original research procedures developed by the team.
    Źródło:
    TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego; 2015, 12; 1327-1330, CD
    1232-3829
    2543-5728
    Pojawia się w:
    TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ sonikacji immersyjnej i kontaktowej oraz pulsacyjnego pola elektrycznego na przewodność elektryczną tkanki marchwi
    The influence of immersion sonication, contact sonication and pulsed electric field treatment on the electrical conductivity of carrot tissue
    Autorzy:
    Wiktor, A.
    Rybak, K.
    Sledz, M.
    Nowacka, M.
    Chudoba, T.
    Lojkowski, W.
    Witrowa-Rajchert, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/801103.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
    Opis:
    Celem pracy była analiza wpływu sonikacji (US) immersyjnej i kontaktowej oraz obróbki pulsacyjnym polem elektrycznym (PEF) na przewodność elektryczną. Określono także zawartość suchej substancji w materiale poddanym obróbce US oraz PEF. W przypadku obróbki pulsacyjnym polem elektrycznym natężenie pola elektrycznego wynosiło 0,3 lub 5 kV·cm–1, liczba impulsów 0–100, a właściwe zużycie energii 0–80 kJ·kg–1. Aplikacja pulsacyjnego pola elektrycznego prowadzi do wzrostu przewodności elektrycznej analizowanej tkanki roślinnej. Największy wzrost tego parametru zanotowano w przypadku zastosowania natężenia 3 kV·cm–1 oraz aplikacji 100 impulsów. Obróbka tkanki marchwi pulsacyjnym polem elektrycznym skutkowała także wzrostem zawartości suchej substancji w porównaniu z materiałem niepotraktowanym PEF, co wiązało się z wyciekiem wody z materiału w wyniku elektroporacji. Z kolei wpływ sonikacji na przewodność elektryczną oraz zawartość suchej substancji był niejednoznaczny i prowadził, w zależności od zastosowanych parametrów, do wzrostu lub obniżenia wartości tych parametrów. W tym przypadku, na ogół, największe zmiany zanotowano w próbkach poddanych obróbce kontaktowej.
    The aim of this work was to analyze the influence of sonication (US) and pulsed electric field treatment on the electrical conductivity and dry matter content of the carrot tissue. The sonication was performed by contact (26 kHz) and immersion method (21 and 40 kHz). Ultrasounds application lasted 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 min at 100% duty cycle and 60 min at 50% duty cycle. The electric field intensity of PEF was equal to 0, 3 and 5 kV·cm–1, the number of pulses varied from 0 to 100 and the specific energy input from 0 to 80 kJ·kg–1. The application of PEF resulted in the increase of the electrical conductivity(EC) of the plant tissue from 32.67 to 199.67–344.43 μS·cm–1, in the case of intact and PEF treated samples, respectively. The highest value of the electrical conductivity was observed in the material treated by 3 kV·cm–1 and 100 pulses. The PEF treatment caused the increase of dry matter content (from 0.0957 to 0.1172–0.1258 kg·kg–1), which could be linked to the cell membrane rupture and water leakage due to the electroporation phenomenon. However, the increase of pulse number from 10 to 100 at constant (5 kV·cm–1) electric field intensity did not increase the dry matter content. The impact of sonication on the both electrical conductivity and dry matter content was ambiguous. The sonication carried out by immersion method in both frequencies for 0–30 min did not change the electrical conductivity significantly. The statistically relevant differences were stated only in the case of treatment which lasted 60 min at 50% duty cycle. The contact sonication caused the biggest changes of electrical conductivity in comparison to the untreated material. The highest EC was observed in the case of sample sonicated for 30 min (47.80 μS·cm–1). However, in the case of samples treated by contact method for 20 and 60 min the differences in comparison with the intact carrot were irrelevant. Samples treated by immersion method were characterized by lower dry matter content whereas carrot treated by contact method exhibited higher values of dry matter content in comparison to the intact tissue. Such behavior probably was correlated with the evaporation in the case of contact US-treated samples (surrounded by air during the sonication) and leakage to the water, in the case of immersion US processed material.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych; 2014, 579
    0084-5477
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Czwartorzęd Zatoki Pomorskiej i perspektywy surowcowe
    The Quaternary of the Pomerania Bay and prospects of raw materials
    Autorzy:
    Kramarska, R.
    Jegliński, W.
    Kaulbarsz, D.
    Pączek, U.
    Przezdziecki, P.
    Bojakowska, I.
    Koszka-Maroń, D.
    Relisko-Rybak, J.
    Uścinowicz, Sz.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075522.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    geologia morza
    czwartorzęd
    Południowy Bałtyk
    marine geology
    Quaternary
    Southern Baltic Sea
    Opis:
    This paper summarizes four years of geological research in the Pomerania Bay and Oder Bank. As a result of the synthesis of new and archival data,we have compiled maps, cross-sections and models depicting the geological structure of the Quaternary and its basement, and the relief of structural surfaces. Two main seismostratigraphic sedimentary complexes are distinguished. The first corresponds to Pleistocene glacial and interstadial deposits. The second one is composed of Late Glacial and Holocene lacustrine-swamp and marine sediments. The outline of geochemical condition of the sea bottom is also presented. The content of the elements is always below the acceptable concentration and the origin of the elements is geogenic. Special attention has been given to mineral resources on the bottom surface and to documenting deposits of sand containing heavy minerals. The characterization of areas with sands suitable for beach nourishment and valorization of deposits and prospective areas have also been of great importance. The history of the development of the geological structure and palaeogeography of the area is the summary of the results.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2016, 64, 8; 552--563
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Możliwości rekonstrukcji uzębienia przy pomocy implantów bikortykalnych : przegląd piśmiennictwa
    The possibilities of dentition reconstruction with the use of bicortical implants : review of literature
    Autorzy:
    Bębenek, K.
    Błaszczyk, A.
    Kiryk, J.
    Kotowski, D.
    Kowalska, K.
    Szczygielski, T.
    Szymonowicz, M.
    Rybak, Z.
    Więckiewicz, W.
    Dobrzyński, M.
    Kosior, P.
    Bryła, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/112469.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Indygo Zahir Media
    Tematy:
    implant bikortykalny
    rekonstrukcja uzębienia
    implantologia
    bicortical implant
    reconstruction of dentition
    implantology
    Opis:
    Współcześnie implantologia stanowi podstawową metodę zaopatrzenia protetycznego pacjentów z brakami zębowymi, umożliwiając zarówno rehabilitację, jak i rekonstrukcję protetyczną. Implanty cechują się przede wszystkim biozgodnością oraz rozmaitym zastosowaniem klinicznym (wykorzystanie zarówno jako filarów pod prace stałe, jak i do wzmocnienia retencji protez ruchomych). Obok powszechnie stosowanych implantów śródkostnych bazowanych na systemie Brånemarka swoje miejsce znalazły również implanty bikortykalne, oparte o dwie blaszki istoty zbitej, co warunkuje odmienności biomechaniczne oraz kliniczne pracy z tego typu wszczepami. Mogą być one stosowane do odbudowy braków zębowych o rozmaitej etiologii (choroba próchnicowa, periodontopatie, urazy) z bardzo dobrą skutecznością i stanowią alternatywę dla tradycyjnych systemów implantologicznych.
    Nowadays, implantology is the basic metod of prosthetic supply of patients with dental deficiencies. It enables both prosthodontic rehabilitation and reconstruction. Implants are primarly biocompatible and of vast clinical application (both as pillars for fixed prosthesis and as an additional retention for mobile ones). Besides the commonly used intraosseus implants based on Brånemark’s system, bicortical implants were brought to stomatology. Since they rest on both layers of lamina dura, their biomechanics as well as clinical approach differs. They can be used to reconstuct teeth loss of a variety of aetiology (caries, periodontitis, traumas) with very high efficacy and constitute an alternatice to traditional implant systems.
    Źródło:
    Inżynier i Fizyk Medyczny; 2018, 7, 2; 121-124
    2300-1410
    Pojawia się w:
    Inżynier i Fizyk Medyczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-58 z 58

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