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    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
    Tytuł:
    Morphological forms of chars in slag and fly ash from the Będzin power station, Upper Silesia, Poland
    Autorzy:
    Misz, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1204886.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    coal
    pulverised fuel combustion
    fly ash
    chars
    Opis:
    Combustion of coal is still one of the main sources of energy and electricity in Poland. For cost reasons, and because of the need to protect the environment, it is important to use coal as efficiently as possible. One of the indicators of coal combustion efficiency is the amount of unburned organic matter in slag and fly ash. This organic matter occurs in different morphological forms. This paper provides an overview of the char morphological forms found in slag and fly ash from selected boilers installed in Będzin Power Station (Poland). The relative quantities of particular morphological forms are compared with the maceral composition of the feed coal. The aim is the better understanding of the influence that maceral composition has on combustion performance.
    Źródło:
    Polish Geological Institute Special Papers; 2002, 7; 189-198
    1507-9791
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Geological Institute Special Papers
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Composition and morphology of organic and mineral matter in fly ash derived from bituminous coal combusted in the Będzin power station (Poland)
    Autorzy:
    Smołka-Danielowska, D.
    Misz, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1204893.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    coal
    pulverised fuel combustion
    fly ash
    chars
    mineral matter
    Opis:
    Fly ash particles formed during coal combustion are composed entirely of organic or/and mineral matter. The proportions of the two components depends on combustion conditions and the presence of minerals in feed coal particles. The aims of this paper are the classification of char morphologies, the quantification of the inert- and semiinert components, and the characterisation of the morphologies and compositions of mineral particles in fly ash from Będzin Power Station, Poland. Various char morphologies are presented and their distribution in individual pulverised fuel boilers is discussed as are the morphologies of mineral particles and the distribution of major and minor elements in different size fractions of fly ash.
    Źródło:
    Polish Geological Institute Special Papers; 2002, 7; 237-244
    1507-9791
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Geological Institute Special Papers
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Thermal alterations of organic matter in coal wastes from Upper Silesia, Poland
    Autorzy:
    Misz-Kennan, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086534.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Mineralogiczne
    Tematy:
    coal wastes
    dumps
    macerals
    bitumens
    biomarkers
    self-heating
    pyrolysis
    Opis:
    Self-heating and self-combustion are currently taking place in some coal waste dumps in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland, e.g. the dumps at Rymer Cones, Starzykowiec, and the Marcel Coal Mine, all in the Rybnik area. These dumps are of similar age and self-heating and combustion have been occurring in all three for many years. The tools of organic petrography (maceral composition, rank, etc.), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and proximate and ultimate analysis are used to investigate the wastes. Organic matter occurs in quantities up to 85 vol.%, typically a few to several vol.%, in the wastes. All three maceral groups (vitrinite, liptinite, and inertinite) are present as unaltered and variously-altered constituents associated with newly-formed petrographic components (bitumen expulsions, pyrolytic carbon). The predominant maceral group is vitrinite with alterations reflected in the presence of irregular cracks, oxidation rims and, rarely, devolatilisation pores. In altered wastes, paler grey-vitrinite and/or coke dominates. The lack of plasticity, the presence of paler-coloured particles, isotropic massive coke, dispersed coked organic matter, and expulsions of bitumens all indicate that heating was slow and extended over a long time. Macerals belonging to other groups are present in unaltered form or with colours paler than the colours of the parent macerals. Based on the relative contents of organic compounds, the most important groups of these identified in the wastes are n-alkanes, acyclic isoprenoids, hopanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives, phenol and its derivatives. These compounds occur in all wastes except those most highly altered where they were probably destroyed by high temperatures. These compounds were generated mainly from liptinite-group macerals. Driven by evaporation and leaching, they migrated within and out of the dump. Their presence in some wastes in which microscopically visible organic matter is lacking suggests that they originated elsewhere and subsequently migrated through the dump piles. During their migration, the compounds fractionated, were adsorbed on minerals and/or interacted. The absence of alkenes, and of other unsaturated organic compounds, may reflect primary diagenetic processes that occurred in coals and coal shales during burial and/or organic matter type. Their absence may also be a consequence of heating that lasted many years, hydropyrolysis, and/or the participation of minerals in the reactions occurring within the dumps. The wastes contain compounds typical of organic matter of unaltered kerogen III type and the products of pyrolytic processes, and mixtures of both. In some wastes, organic compounds are completely absent having been destroyed by severe heating. The distributions of n-alkanes in many samples are typical of pyrolysates. In some wastes, narrow n-alkane distributions reflect their generation over small temperature ranges. In others, wider distributions point to greater temperature ranges. Other wastes contain n-alkane distributions typical of unaltered coal and high pristane content or mixtures of pyrolysates and unaltered waste material. The wastes also contain significant amounts of final α Β hopanes. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are represented only by two- to five-ring compounds as is typical of the thermal alteration of hard coal. Correlations between the degree of organic matter alteration and the relative contents of individual PAHs and hopanes and geochemical indicators of thermal alteration are generally poor. The properties of the organic matter (its composition and rank), temperature fluctuations within the dumps, migration of organic compounds and mineral involvement are probably responsible for this. The processes taking place in coal waste dumps undergoing self-heating and self-combustion are complicated; they are very difficult to estimate and define. The methods of organic petrology and geochemistry give complementary data allowing the processes to be described. However, each of the dumps investigated represents a separate challenge to be surmounted in any regional attempt to delineate the regional environmental impact of these waste dumps.
    Źródło:
    Mineralogia; 2010, 41, 3/4; 105--237
    1899-8291
    1899-8526
    Pojawia się w:
    Mineralogia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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