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Tytuł:
Effect of the age of spruce stands on the balance of elements in the Potok Dupniański catchment
Autorzy:
Malek, S
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41231.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
tree stand
spruce
age
element balance
bulk precipitation
surface flow
soil water
stream water
Potok Dupnianski catchment
Opis:
The study analyses the transfer of F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+ from bulkprecipitation to throughfall, soil surface flow, vertical flow and intercover flow of water (gravity lysimeters at 20 cm soil depth) in spruce stands of different age classes (1st, 2nd, 5th, 6th), and the amount of these ions flowing out from the Potok Dupniański catchment in the Silesian Beskid Mts. The results cover the year 2000. The concentration and amount of SO4 2- in throughfall systematically increased and the pH value decreased with the age of the stands and with successive elements of the ecosystem. The NH4+ ion was probably absorbed in the canopy, which caused a washout of K+, Mn2+, F- and SO42- in the vegetation season in older stands. In the winter season, Fe2+, Mn2+, Na+ and K+ were washed out from the youngest stands (1st age class), whereas F-, NO3 -, SO42--, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+ and Fe2+ – from older canopies. Decomposition of the organic matter caused a rise in water acidity and an increase in the concentrations of all the analysed ions; their leaching, however, was low (under 1%). Water from intercover flow contributed to an increase in the amount of water and the concentration and amount of ions and to a further decrease in water reaction at a soil depth of 20 cm. All the anions and cations flowed away with water penetrating vertically and horizontally. Considerable amounts of ions, especially SO42-, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, were carried beyond the reach of the main mass of the root system and then out of the catchment, which may adversely affect the development and health of spruce stands.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2004, 51 Supplement
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sustainability of Picea abies of Istebna provenance in Dupniański Stream catchment as dependent on stand age class
Autorzy:
Malek, S
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41396.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
international conference
Europe
forest ecosystem
plant breeding
tree
Norway spruce
Picea abies
sustainability
provenance
Dupnianski Stream catchment
stand age class
Silesian Beskids Mountains
Polska
Opis:
Ecochemical indexes such as soil buffer reaction (pH), acid neutralising capacity (ANCaq), alkalinity (ALK), soil acidity (Ma%), basic cation saturation (BS), and molar ratios Ca:Al and BC:Al were used to study the sustainability of Norway spruce of Istebna provenance in stands differing in age class. The data were obtained from the research conducted in the Dupniański Stream catchment in the Silesian Beskid Mts. (Poland). The acid neutralising capacity, alkalinity, and soil acidity were found to depend on the age of spruce stands. The increased acidification of deposits was due to the presence of sulphate and nitrate ions which were washed out from the surface of plants. Passing through the canopy caused a decrease in the acid neutralising capacity, alkalinity, and base cation saturation, and an increase in the soil acidity, with the values being dependent on stand age. The soil acid reaction shifted to the range of the aluminium and iron bufferness, but the Ca:Al and BC:Al ratios were still above the level when aluminium stress is probable. The washout of the basic cations beyond the spruce root system, and the low levels of exchangeable Mg2+ and Ca2+, basic cation saturation of soil water, and effective base saturation of soil may affect the vitality and health of spruce stands in the future. To maintain the sustainability of Norway spruce stands of Istebna provenance in the Dupniański Stream catchment it is necessary to increase the retention of basic elements, especially Mg2+ and Ca2+, by means of stand conversion or fertilisation.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2009, 61 Supplement
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Struktura i dynamika opadu organicznego w drzewostanie bukowym na powierzchni monitoringowej w Ojcowskim Parku Narodowym w latach 1995-2000
Autorzy:
Malek, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/46013.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
drzewostany bukowe
opad organiczny
dynamika opadu
lesnictwo
biomasa
Ojcowski Park Narodowy
Źródło:
Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2006, 3; 71-82
1732-9442
2082-8926
Pojawia się w:
Leśne Prace Badawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Charakterystyka chemiczna wód powierzchniowych zlewni Potok Dupniański w Beskidzie Śląskim
Characterisation of surface water chemistry in the Potok Dupnianski catchment in Beskid Slaski
Autorzy:
Małek, S.
Gawęda, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1019300.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
wlasciwosci chemiczne
Beskid Slaski
zlewnia Potoku Dupnianskiego
lasy gorskie
wody powierzchniowe
lesnictwo
surface water chemistry
forest catchment
afforested catchment
beskid śląski mountains
Opis:
This paper is a review of the studies attempting, among others, to provide answer to the question if the variation in surface water chemistry in a small afforested mountain catchment depends on site characteristics from which soil samples are collected. The characteristics considered in the paper included: setting such as elevation a.s.l., slope, soil, and surrounding stand – age, species composition, etc. The assumed variation was ascertained and described in the framework of distinguished five areas termed micro−catchments (or partial catchments). This paper also contains a brief description of the research method, results and conclusions which could be formulated as a result of the discussion and indepth analysis of obtained results.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2006, 150, 02; 29-36
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of environmental conditions on surface water quality in the Zimnik and Czyrna catchments of the Beskid Śląski
Wpływ warunków środowiskowych na jakość wód powierzchniowych w zlewni Zimnika i Czyrnej w Beskidzie Śląskim
Autorzy:
Małek, S.
Krakowian, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/292743.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
Beskid Śląski
budowa geologiczna
jakość wód
skład gatunkowy
typ siedliskowy lasu
wody powierzchniowe
Beskid Śląski Mts.
forest type
geology
species composition
surface water
water quality
Opis:
The study was carried out in the year 2004 in the Zimnik and Czyrna catchments situated on opposite slopes of Skrzyczne in the Beskid Śląski Mts. Water samples collected from streams during three sampling sessions were analysed. The first session was carried out during snowmelt (April/May), the second during intensive rainfall in the vegetation season (June) and the third - during low water level (October). A data set consisting of conductivity, water pH, concentrations of major anions (Cl-, NO3-, SO42-) and cations (NH4+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) was produced and waters were then classified according to Polish standards (years 2002 and 2004). Chemical composition of stream waters depended on physical and geological properties of drainage areas and on seasonal changes of water level in the catchment. Water class depended also on precipitation and on forest type. It was found that water from most sampling points in streams was unfit for drinking - 66 out of collected 89 samples were beyond the first A1 category and the main reason for that was too low pH and high concentrations of NH4+ and NO3-. During intensive rainfall in the vegetation season higher washing out of cations was observed from beech and multispecies forest stands than from spruce stands, which partly neutralized water pH and in consequence improved water quality. This phenomenon should be considered while afforesting streams neighborhoods where water is or will be used as a source of drinking water.
Badania zostały przeprowadzone w 2004 roku w zlewniach Zimnika i Czyrnej leżących na przeciwległych stokach Skrzycznego w Beskidzie Śląskim. Analizie poddano wody pobrane z potoków podczas trzech sesji pomiarowych. Pierwsza odbyła się podczas roztopów śniegu (kwiecień/maj), druga sesja w trakcie intensywnych opadów deszczu w okresie wegetacji (czerwiec), trzecia przy niskim stanie wód (październik). Analizowano odczyn i przewodność elektrolityczną, oraz stężenie anionów (Cl-, NO3-, SO42-) i kationów (NH4+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+). Wyniki poddano klasyfikacji wód pitnych wg polskich norm (z 2002 i 2004 r.). Skład chemiczny wód powierzchniowych zależy od fizycznych i geologicznych właściwości utworów budujących zlewnie. Przynależność wód do klasy zależy również od wystąpienia i rodzaju opadów atmosferycznych oraz składu gatunkowego. Stwierdzono niezdatność dużej części badanych wód do picia - 66 z 89 pobranych prób znajdowało się poza klasa A1, głównie ze względu na niski ich odczyn oraz wysokie stężenie NH4+ i NO3-. W drzewostanach bukowych i wielogatunkowych zaobserwowano znacząco większe niż w świerkowych wymywanie kationów podczas intensywnych opadów deszczu, co w pewnym stopniu neutralizowało odczyn wód a tym samym podnosiło jakość wód. Ten fakt powinien być brany pod uwagę przy zalesianiu terenów źródliskowych i sąsiadujących z potokami w obszarach, gdzie wody te wykorzystywane są lub będą w przyszłości, jako dodatkowe ujęcia wód pitnych.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2009, no. 13a; 205-223
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Content of macronutrients in needles and litterfall in Norway spruce stands of different age in the Potok Dupnianski catchment, the Silesian Beskid
Autorzy:
Malek, S.
Grabowski, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38321.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
macronutrient content
macroelement
needle
litter fall
Norway spruce
Picea abies
tree stand
plant age
Potok Dupnianski catchment
Silesian Beskids Mountains
Źródło:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2010, 52, 2
0071-6677
Pojawia się w:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quality assessment of spring water from the area of the Lysogory Mts. in Swietokrzyski National Park in 2010
Autorzy:
Jasik, M.
Malek, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38512.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
quality assessment
spring water
water quality
water chemistry
mountain area
Lysogory Mountains
Swietokrzyski National Park
Opis:
The study was conducted in the year 2010 in the Łysogóry Mts. in Świętokrzyski National Park. Spring water samples were collected in three rounds. The first round was carried out after the period of snowmelt (March/ April 2010), the second – after intensive rainfall (May 2010) and the third – when water levels were low (July 2010). The data set attained concerned conductivity, water pH, and also concentrations of the foremost anions (Cl-, NO3 -, SO4 2-) and cations (NH4 +, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+). Spring water quality was assessed in line with Polish policy on groundwater (Regulation of the Minister of Environment of 23 July 2008, The results confirmed that spring water quality strongly depended on wet acid deposition and the geological structure. Tree species (fir and beech), exposition and soil types within the alimentation area did not influence water chemistry. Spring water were found in low quality classes according to Polish standards due to low water pH as well as high NO3 - and NH4 + concentration.
Źródło:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2013, 55, 1
0071-6677
Pojawia się w:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Charakterystyka chemiczna źródeł Potoku Dupniańskiego w Beskidzie Śląskim
Chemical characteristics of the Potok Dupnianski springs in the Beskid Slaski Mountains
Autorzy:
Małek, S.
Gawęda, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1018981.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
Beskid Slaski
sklad chemiczny
Potok Dupnianski
lasy gorskie
lesnictwo
zrodla
Opis:
This paper presents research results concerning chemistry of springs in the Potok Dupniański catchment area subject to the inventory carried out by the Forest Engineering Department and Forest Ecology Department at the Agricultural University in Cracow. Chemical analyses ad detailed characterisation of environmental conditions of spring position that were taken into consideration during the spring inventory in the catchment area allowed to distinguish four groups of springs. Research methods, results and conclusions resulting from the analysis of the distinguished groups and individual springs are presented in the paper.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2006, 150, 03; 39-46
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Historia lasów zlewni Potoku Dupniańskiego w Beskidzie Śląskim
Autorzy:
Małek, S.
Gawęda, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1022937.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
Beskid Slaski
historia
zlewnia Potoku Dupnianskiego
stosunki wodne
drzewostany swierkowe
lasy gorskie
lesnictwo
stand history
forest catchments
mountain spring catchments
Opis:
Since 1997, the experimental Potok Dupniański catchment in the Beskid Śląski Mountains (Wisła Forest District) has been an area subjected to intensive hydrological and hydrogeochemical research aimed at improving knowledge about the ecological growth conditions of one of the most valuable Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karsten) ecotype – the Istebna spruce. Environmental conditions and comparison with the stands growing in similar environments in the 18th and 19th century in the Beskid Żywiecki region, as well as historical sources have shown that Istebna spruce is not a native provenance. Thus, the analysis of the state of forest management in the past times appears an important contribution to the above−mentioned earlier research. An increase in forest resources mainly resulting from the higher share of stands in older age classes and a decline in species diversity is a characteristic feature of the studied area. It is believed that the growing share of fir and beech in forest plantations as a consequence of underplanting would improve this situation.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2005, 149, 09; 51-58
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jakość wody z ujęć zlokalizowanych w terenach leśnych zarządzanych przez Nadleśnictwo Myślenice
Quality of water from the intakes located in the forest areas managed by the Myslenice Forest District
Autorzy:
Małek, S.
Jasik, M.
Durło, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985685.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
tereny lesne
zlewnie lesne
ujecia wody
jakosc wody
Nadlesnictwo Myslenice
water quality
water intakes
alimentation areas
Opis:
We analysed quality of water from the intakes in the Myślenice Forest District (S Poland). 8 springs were selected: 4 were located in the Natura 2000 area on the Mt. Polica and another 4 originated from the Harbutowice surroundings. Additionally water from 3 places on streams was gathered: 2 points were located in the ‘Las Gościba’ nature reserve and 1 in the water intake for the residents of Sułkowice municipality. Water samples were collected at the beginning of each month in the year 2016. The water temperature and flow rate were measured in the field. The hydrogen ion activity (pH), electrolytic conductivity (PEW) as well as the content of NH4+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl–, NO3–, SO4 2–, PO4 3– and F– were determined with Dionex 5000 ion chromatograph. We also marked the content of P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb using the ICP−OES emission spectrometer. All analyzes were carried out in the Laboratory of Geochemistry of Forest Environment and Areas Designated for Reclamation of the Forest Faculty of the University of Agriculture in Krakow. Water quality classification was made due to the tested properties in accordance with Regulation of the Minister of the Environment of 21st July 2016 on the classification of the state of surface water bodies and environmental quality standards for priority substances. The study confirmed differences in electric conductivity and the content of NH4+, SO4 2–, NO3 – due to the development of alimentation areas and the location of water collection.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 04; 328-337
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena buka zwyczajnego w uprawach z wyższych położeń Beskidu Śląskiego i Żywieckiego
Assessment of European beech in cultures located at higher altitudes of the Beskid Slaski and Zywiecki
Autorzy:
Małek, S.
Barszcz, J.
Kędziora, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1009100.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
Beskid Slaski
Beskid Zywiecki
drzewa lesne
buk zwyczajny
Fagus sylvatica
uprawy lesne
wysokosc nad poziomem morza
udatnosc uprawy
sadzonki
wzrost roslin
zywotnosc
cultures
european beech
biometrical features
survival
quality
vitality
final silviculture assessment
Opis:
In autumn 2006, i.e. in the 5th year from the culture establishment, and when the tree growth had finished, on each culture we measured tree height, height increments in the years 2004−2006 and root collar diameters. We also noted the presence of the main shoot and top bud on the main shoot, size and color of the assimilative apparatus and determined the survival rate of the seedlings. The assessed and measured features allowed for determination of the seedling quality and vitality. Mean values of all features were calculated for plots and their groups, distinguished on the basis of their belonging to particular forest districts and regions as well as basing on the presence or absence of stand protection and in regard to stand disintegration. The results indicate the poor condition of parts of the cultures with beech. Generally, the quality and vitality of the seedlings was assessed to be average, with a smaller or larger tendency towards the decrease. This points towards difficulties in performing stand regeneration and in varying their composition in the higher locations of the Beskid Śląski and Żywiecki Mts., which experience extreme climatic conditions. This was observed particularly on height and quality parameters worsened along with an increase in a degree of stand disintegration. Many beech seedlings grew better on the fenced plots than on the unfenced ones, which indicates positive results of the protection of cultures against game and justifies their fencing.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2010, 154, 10; 710-120
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Allocation of elements in a chronosequence of silver birch afforested on former agricultural lands
Autorzy:
Gaweda, T.
Malek, S.
Zasada, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52892.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
Tematy:
element allocation
chronosequence
silver birch
afforestation
secondary succession
post-agricultural land
agricultural land
Opis:
Research on the effect of birch regeneration on changes occurring in the environment on former farmlands included a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the biomass growing on the research plots. Five experimental plots were selected in the Mazovia region: two in Dobieszyn and the Kampinos National Park and one in Kozienice. The analysis performed on each plot was concerned with the amount and chemical composition of biomass in four patches of vegetation, characterised by the different ages of the birch trees growing there. The vegetation patches were classified according to age group, i.e. I: 1–4 years old, II: 5–8 years old, III: 9–12 years old and IV: over 12 years old. Biomass samples were collected in the field and determined in kg DM/ha using the following components: roots, stem, bark,branches, assimilation apparatus, litterfall and the total biomass of the other (except birch) plants. For all the above-mentioned groups, the content of the elements N, C, S, Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb, and Cd was determined. This allowed us to obtain both the values of the concentrations of particular substancesand their allocation in both the organic matter and litterfall. The aim of theresearch was to discover whether the allocation of elements changes with the age of birch growing on former farmland.
Źródło:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2014, 57, 192
1644-3985
Pojawia się w:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sylvicultural procedures in catchment areas of the mountain streams as exemplified by the Skrzyczne massif in Poland
Autorzy:
Malek, S.
Barszcz, J.
Majsterkiewicz, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38536.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
catchment area
mountain stream
climatic zone
vegetation zone
Beskids Mountains
Skrzyczne massif
Polska
headwater
watercourse
Opis:
Extensive disintegration of spruce forests in the Beskidy Mts. in South Poland generates a need to regenerate sizeable areas as well as to rebuild forest stands which have defended themselves against breakdown. In practice, the magnitude of relevant management tasks does not allow for keeping up with the progressive destruction of forest, especially at higher altitudes, where natural regeneration does not occur as much as necessary. In addition, the species composition is limited to spruce, sometimes accompanied by beech and fir, whereas other species have a negligible share. What may be helpful in solving this problem is the method of regeneration of such areas and of establishment of under-canopy cultures, consisting of patchwork, multi-stage regeneration task performance, starting from the areas with the best chance of reforestation success and using the existing self-sown trees. Such areas undoubtedly include habitats with better water balance, i.e. humid habitats (in the case of larger areas, distinguished in the forest management plan as humid forest site types). The aim of the present study was to propose management of watercourses and headwater areas in the region of the Skrzyczne massif where the selected catchments are situated on the southern (the Malinowski Stream) and the northern (the Roztoka Czyrna stream) slopes of this massif. The research was carried out in August 2012 and included juxtaposition of available hydrological maps with actual field conditions along with identification of springs and streams and the course of their beds in order to update the existing data. The updating of the forest numerical maps in the existing databases of the State Forests IT System (SILP) included verification of the course of streams and determination of their nature (penament or periodic) with a division into the existing ones and the added ones. The data was recorded against the background of the division of the forest surface, contour lines, major roads, climate and plant floors and forest habitat types. The total length of streams was ascertained. The catchment areas and areas along their beds were determined by adopting variable distances from the beds, depending on climate and plant zones and the slope gradient. The adopted distances were: 5 m in the upper forest zone, 10 m in the middle forest zone, 20 m in the lower forest zone on both sides of the bed and in the headwater area within the radius of 10 m from a source. Specific sylvicultural procedures in headwater areas and in the neighbourhood of watercourses were described in each climatic and vegetation zones.
Źródło:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2014, 56, 1
0071-6677
Pojawia się w:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stawonogi uszkadzające drewno w badaniach poligonowych
Variability of chemical features of upper horizons in forest soils on the example of Dupnianski stream catchment in the Beskid Slaski Mts.
Autorzy:
Zwydak, M.
Małek, S.
Jodłowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1013205.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
wlasciwosci chemiczne
Beskid Slaski
gleby lesne
zlewnia Potoku Dupnianskiego
poziom mineralny
poziom organiczny
drzewostany swierkowe
lesnictwo
poziom prochniczny gleby
zmiennosc
mountain soils
norawy spruce stand
chemical features
variavility
Opis:
The objective of the study was to investigate variability of chemical features of upper horizons in forest soils as well as confirmation of collecting the mixed sample that is supposed to describe the soil conditions more effectively. The lowest variability (ca 10%) was observed for pH in H2O and KCl as well as C/N ratio. The highest coefficient of variance exceeded 100% (Ca content). For almost all analysed chemical parameters, the results obtained for mixed sample (average of 5 samples systematically distributed within the study area) are in ±1 standard deviation range from the average of 25 individual samples.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2008, 152, 08; 66-72
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 39

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