Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

Wyszukujesz frazę "Korycka, A." wg kryterium: Autor


Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14
Tytuł:
Stan dworców kolejowych przed rozpoczęciem programu rewitalizacji - na przykładzie Dolnego Śląska
State of railway stations before beginning the program of the revitalization on the example of Lower Silesia
Autorzy:
Gajna-Korycka, A.
Korycki, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/250508.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy TTS
Tematy:
rewitalizacja
Dolny Śląsk
dworzec kolejowy
obiekt dworcowy
inwentaryzacja
revitalization
Lower Silesia
railway station
station building
stocktaking
Opis:
Dolny Śląsk jako kraina geograficzna charakteryzuje się bogatą historią związaną z rozległym, jednym z najlepszych w kraju, rozwojem przestrzennym sieci kolejowej. Co się z tym wiąże, długość istniejących kiedykolwiek linii kolejowych wprost przekładała się na liczbę eksploatowanych na tymże obszarze punktów odprawy podróżnych. Ze względu na stale postępujący już od kilkudziesięciu lat regres długości sieci kolejowej (związany przede wszystkim z rozwojem konkurencyjnych form transportu, ale także z zaniedbaniami w bieżącym utrzymaniu infrastruktury kolejowej) zauważalny jest szybki proces przekształcenia pierwotnie założonej funkcji licznych obiektów dworcowych (fot. 1). W artykule przedstawione zostaną wyniki inwentaryzacji obiektów dworcowych, która przeprowadzono w latach 2009-2011, a więc jeszcze przed rozpoczęciem programu rewitalizacji tych obiektów.
Źródło:
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego; 2014, 7-8; 2-6
1232-3829
2543-5728
Pojawia się w:
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of sugar beet seed priming method on germination under water shortage conditions and root system development
Wpływ metody pobudzania nasion buraka cukrowego na kiełkowanie w warunkach niedoboru wody i rozwój systemu korzeniowego
Autorzy:
Orzeszko-Rywka, A.
Rochalska, M.
Korycka, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/335779.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Maszyn Rolniczych
Tematy:
sugar beet
seed priming
drought
water shortage
root system
burak cukrowy
pobudzanie nasion
susza
niedobór wody
system korzeniowy
Opis:
Sugar beet seeds var. Melodia were primed on germination using three different methods: 24 h in water, 21+3 h in water (seeds were dried between 2 cycles) and 24 h in solution of UG MAX - commercially used bacterial treatment. Control combination were non-treated sugar beet seeds. Germination ability, speed and uniformity were examined in different water content in germination medium: 15%, 25% and 65% respectively. The highest differences were observed in 25% moisture of blotting paper. All methods of seed treatment improved germination speed and ability, especially measured after 4 days of germination. After 14 days differences were not significant. Method of priming in water for 24 hours appeared to be most effective in improving germination course under conditions of water shortage. Root systems of seedlings obtained from primed seeds were analyzed with special scanner EPSON Scan LA 2400 and computer programs WinRHIZO and XLRhizo. Results showed that seedlings obtained from seeds primed for 24 h in water produced the most advanced root system. Their seedlings formed thicker roots then others. Volume of their root system was also bigger. There was no influence of this method of priming on a total root length.
Nasiona buraka cukrowego odmiany Melodia zostały pobudzone do kiełkowania trzema różnymi metodami: 24 h w wodzie, 21 +3 h w wodzie (nasiona zostały wysuszone pomiędzy cyklami pobudzania) oraz 24 h w roztworze preparatu bakteryjnego UG MAX. Kombinację kontrolną stanowiły surowe, niepobudzane nasiona. Zdolność, szybkość i równomierność kiełkowania zostały ocenione w różnych warunkach wilgotności podłoża - 15, 25 i 65% zawartości wody. Największe różnice między kombinacjami zaobserwowano w warunkach wilgotności bibuły 25% pełnej pojemności wodnej. Wszystkie zastosowane metody poprawiły zdolność i szybkość kiełkowania po 4 dniach. Po 14 dniach kiełkowania różnice były nieistotne. Metoda pobudzania nasion w wodzie przez 24 h była najbardziej efektywna w warunkach niedoboru wody. System korzeniowy siewek uzyskanych z nasion pobudzanych 3 metodami oraz nasion kontrolnych i analizowany był przy użyciu skanera EPSON Scan LA 2400 i programów komputerowych WinRHIZO i XLRhizo. Wyniki wskazują, że siewki z nasion pobudzanych przez 24 h w wodzie wytworzyły grubsze korzenie o większej sumarycznej objętości niż pozostałe kombinacje. Metoda pobudzania nasion nie wpłynęła na długość korzeni.
Źródło:
Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering; 2017, 62, 4; 45-49
1642-686X
2719-423X
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kartodiagram anamorficzny Dorlinga
Dorling cartogram
Autorzy:
Faliszewska, A.
Korycka-Skorupa, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204307.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
Tematy:
mapa anamorficzna
kartodiagram anamorficzny Dorlinga
MapViewer
anamorphic map
Dorling cartogram
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono niekonwencjonalne możliwości prezentacji kartograficznej - mapy anamorficzne. Szczegółowo omówiono kartodiagram anamorficzny Dorlinga - metodę dość powszechnie stosowaną w kartografii brytyjskiej, która nie doczekała się jeszcze szerszego opisu w polskiej literaturze kartograficznej. Po krótkim rysie historycznym omówiono założenia metody i sposoby konstrukcji takich kartodiagramów. Pokazano przykłady map opracowanych w programie MapViewer oraz przykłady zastosowania tej metody w Wielkiej Brytanii.
The world can be presented on maps in an unusual, unconventional way. The commonly known arrangement of continents or countries may be abandoned in order to expose changeability of a presented phenomenon. Such graphic presentations are referred to as anamorphic maps. Areas of presented units (e.g. countries) are proportional to statistical values, e.g. population, gross national product (fig. 2.). The article presents the assumptions and construction modes of one of anamorphic methods - Dorling cartogram. Examples of maps prepared in MapViewer and examples of application of this method in Great Britain are presented. Method of construction of Dorling cartogram is discussed on the example of maps published in A new social atlas of Britain [A1]. Fig. 6 presents two maps: traditional choropleth map showing the population density of Great Britain by electoral constituency in 1:10 000 000 (fig. 6A) and Dorling cartogram (fig. 6B). Constituencies are presented as circles with the area proportional to population. Location is preserved, but coastal line and borders are distorted. Preparation of such maps without a computer is almost impossible. Figures 8, 9 and 10 show Dorling cartograms of the population of Poland prepared in MapViewer 7 in 2002 and 2007. These maps are difficult to interpret, because readers are not used to seeing the world in unfamiliar shapes. Therefore when preparing them one should attempt to keep the shape and vicinity of particular units. It is advisable to help the users by showing ad-ministrative zones or by attaching a 'traditional' map. Skillful users of anamorphic maps can obtain new information from them.
Źródło:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2010, T. 42, nr 2, 2; 113-127
0324-8321
Pojawia się w:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Możliwości opracowania map w programie MapInfo Professional 10.5 z wykorzystaniem wybranych metod prezentacji kartograficznej
Map Elaboration in MapInfo Professional 10.5 Using Selected Methods of Cartographic Presentation
Autorzy:
Dębowska, A.
Korycka-Skorupa, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204416.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
Tematy:
MapInfo
GIS
metoda prezentacji kartograficznej
forma prezentacji kartograficznej
metoda kropkowa
metoda izolinii
metoda sygnaturowa
metoda chorochromatyczna
metoda zasięgów
cartographic presentation method
cartographic presentation form
dot method
isoline method
signature method
qualitative background method
ranges method
Opis:
W artykule zanalizowano i oceniono możliwości opracowania map z zastosowaniem wybranych form prezentacji kartograficznej w jednym z programów typu GIS - MapInfo Professional. Kolejno omówiono opracowane w programie mapy kropkowe, izoliniowe, sygnaturowe, chorochromatyczne oraz mapy zasięgów. Podjęto próbę zweryfikowania poprawności rozwiązań metodycznych zastosowanych w programie i opisanych w podręcznikach użytkownika programu MapInfo.
There is no doubt that the use of GIS type programs is widespread. Almost any computer literate person who wants to experiment with the possibilities of the program is able to make an attempt to create a map or another graphic presentation. In the previous issue of Polish Cartographical Review, choropleth and proportional symbol presentation possibilities of the MapInfo Professional 10.5 program were evaluated. This article discusses and evaluates the remaining methods of cartographic presentation: the dot method, the isoline method, the signature method, the qualitative background method and the ranges method from the point of view of their cartographical correctness. Attempts to create maps in MapInfo have shown that proposed solutions are not fully correct and adequate. Relatively low general evaluation of the program results from its numerous mistakes and missing sections of instructions which often hinder the process of proper map elaboration instead of facilitating it. Despite the fact that MapInfo Professional contains a lot of useful functions, it is not fully developed and sometimes can even mislead the program user. Nevertheless it seems to have considerable potential to become a useful tool in editing correct maps. In order to do it, however, it should comply with the rules of cartography. Although GIS-type programs are supposed to present cartographic data adequately, it should be remembered that in many instances their default automatic options are insufficient. Possibility of creating a software which would allow a non-professional user (with no cartographic skills) to make a correct map is an issue to be considered.
Źródło:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2013, T. 45, nr 4, 4; 317-333
0324-8321
Pojawia się w:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ilościowa i jakościowa ocena zasobów wodnych rzek polskich
The quantitative and qualitative evaluation of water resources in the Polish rivers
Autorzy:
Ciepielowski, A.
Gutry-Korycka, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2085561.pdf
Data publikacji:
1992
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych
Opis:
There is a tendency in water management to identify the resources of surface waters with the river discharge expressed by the intensity of the flow. However, such evaluation of resources is not advisable bacause of the difficulties in water-economic balancing of the basin, since it does not take into account the water contained in the wetted profile of the river bad. With heavy pollution of the water flowing in the river bed this fact may have a considerable influence on the accuracy of the balance. The above reasons have become a basis for the introduction of a new means for the evaluation of resources of flowing waters, namely a momentum, i.e. the quantity of the water motion in a stream, expressed by the equation. ln ZA= ∫ Q · dl lm or with Q = FV ln ZA= ∫ F · V · dl lm where: 1n - lm - the length of the relevant river section in m, Q - the mean flow intensity at the given section of the stream in m³ s⁻¹, F - the prewetted cross section of the stream bed in m² V - the velocity of water flow in ms⁻¹. The evaluation of the quality ofwater resources has been carried out for 83 rivers in the Vistula basin and in 52 rivers in the Oder basin by means of the stream momentum method. These resources are identified with SNQ (Mean Minimum Discharge). It has been found that in the Vistula and in the Oder basins the smallest quantities of resources were clustered in class I of cleanness (about. 0,5%). The heavily polluted waters and out-of-class waters comprised as much as 93% of all water resources in the Vistula basin, and 81 % in the Oder basin. The situation is better in Pomerania region, where class I waters make 10% of resources, and only 25% are waters in class III and off-limit cleanness waters. The non-deficiency rivers, fully capable of satisfying unlimited needs, are characterized very heavy pollution. Almost half of all the water resources in deficiency rivers, of limited posibilities of satysfying the needs, are outside any classification. The mean momentum duration of the polluted water resources (class III and off-limit cleanness) is 8- 10 days. The best situation prevails in the rivers of Pomerania (1-4 days), the worse is in the Noteć (51 days), the Bóbr (24 days) and the Oder (29 days).
Źródło:
Prace i Studia Geograficzne; 1992, 12; 205-223
0208-4589
Pojawia się w:
Prace i Studia Geograficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An evaluation of GIS tools for generating area cartograms
Autorzy:
Markowska, A.
Korycka-Skorupa, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/92528.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Oddział Kartograficzny Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
Tematy:
cartogram
area cartograms
GIS
Opis:
The purpose of this article is to report a study aimed at systematic assessment of the functionality of commercially available software for the automatic generation of area cartograms. The issue of the wide choice of algorithms developed over the years for generating various types of surfaces has also been raised. Cartograms (called also anamorphic maps) are constructed by changing the surface area of each spatial unit in step with the corresponding value of the mapped thematic variable (area cartogram) or changing accordingly the distance between the preselected focal point and other points on the map (distance cartogram). Depending on the shape of mapping units, the following three types of area cartograms can be distinguished: - proportional symbol cartograms were the original shapes of mapping units have been replaced with simple geometric shapes such as squares, rectangles or circles (for example, Dorling Circle Cartograms, square cartogram); - continuous regular cartograms where the shapes of areal units on the map resemble the actual shapes of the mapped units but their boundaries have been geometrized to consist of perpendicular sections; - continuous irregular cartograms where the shapes of areal units on the map resemble the actual shapes of the mapped units but unit boundaries are not straight lines. Cartograms can also be constructed to preserve spatial contiguity (continuous cartograms) or not (noncontinuous cartograms), with the latter often preserving the underlying neighborhood relationships to some degree. While constructing area cartogram, one needs to decide first the type of a surface to be developed, and therefore, the algorithm to be applied. The next step in map construction is the choice of software, where tool selection depends often on the predetermined type of the cartogram. The study surveyed five programs for the construction of area cartograms – all available free of charge. Each of those software tools was used to generate area cartograms portraying data from the 2010 presidential election in Poland. Two groups of area cartograms where generated for the purpose of this study: maps of the entire Poland by voivodships, showing the number of valid votes cast for the two presidential candidates in each voivodship, and maps of the Mazowieckie voivodship by county, portraying the number of valid votes cast for the individual candidates in each county. The subsequent in-depth assessment of surveyed programs took into account eleven criteria including the number of cartogram types that might be developed using each program, availability of tools for the proper legend construction and display, possibility of supplementing the cartogram with complementary choropleth maps, the option for inserting map labels, the type of spatial data that can be used in the software (reference to points, lines, polygons) and so on. The study has demonstrated that the tool included in the ArcGIS (Cartogram Utility for ArcGIS) best met the survey criteria scoring 9 points. The application Scape Toad placed second (7.5 pts.), while MapViewer 7 came third (6.25 pts.). When generating cartograms in the available GIS programs, one should also pay attention to the visual qualities of the generated maps, and in particular, to the resemblance of shapes of spatial units on the map to the their actual geographic boundaries. Since the shape outlines obtained on the map vary depending on the underlying geodetic reference system, the best coordinate system for the mapped area should be selected. However, if such system cannot be used within a given cartogram generating tool, then the obtained cartogram should be exported and refined with some general software package for graphic editing.
Źródło:
Polish Cartographical Review; 2015, 47, 1; 19-29
2450-6974
Pojawia się w:
Polish Cartographical Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przepływ wielkich wód Wisły we współczesnym korycie
Flood waters flow in the contemporary Vistula River channel
Autorzy:
Magnuszewski, A.
Gutry-Korycka, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2084734.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych
Tematy:
koryta rzeczne
rzeka Wisla
przeplywy
model hydrodynamiczny
Warszawa
powodzie
waly przeciwpowodziowe
Opis:
With the use of two-dimensional hydrodynamic model CCHE2D it has been calculated a flood passage through the contemporary Vistula River channel in Warsaw. The channel reach is between km 501-521 and limited by flood protective dikes. For the model calibration it has been used a measurement of water surface of the 1997 year flood. To study the floodplain high vegetation influence on the river flow resistance it has been calculated two scenarios of flood passage. Scenario zero of recently existing vegetation and scenario one of tall trees clearance at the right bank between km 509-519. Simulations have been run for the discharges Qp1% = 6430 m³/s i Qp0,1 % = 8250 m³/s. Obtained results shows that the highest lowering of the water surface by 0,56 m due to trees cutting occurs at discharge Q0,1% on km 510. In the river reach km 511-516 river flow has a very high average velocities in vertical, exceeding in some places 3,7 m/s. Verification of these results has been done by comparison with hydrometrie measurements.
Źródło:
Prace i Studia Geograficzne; 2009, 43; 153-162
0208-4589
Pojawia się w:
Prace i Studia Geograficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rekonstrukcja przepływu wielkich wód Wisły w Warszawie w warunkach naturalnych
Reconstruction of the Vistula River extreme fl oods passage through the City of Warsaw in natural river conditions
Autorzy:
Magnuszewski, A.
Gutry-Korycka, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2084736.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych
Tematy:
warunki naturalne
Warszawa
rzeka Wisla
rzeki
rekonstrukcja
przeplywy
powodzie
Opis:
Geomorphology of the Vistula River Valley in Warsaw has been presented, as well as history of flood protective dikes and channel regulation works. From historical sources we have the description of catastrophic flood of 1635. The level of the flood of 1844 has been preserved in the form of high water mark. Using two dimensional hydrodynamic model CCHE2D the simulation of thousand years recurrence flood has been performed. It has been compared the result of the calculations with historical chronic and high water mark. It has been calculated the pattern of flood water flow over Praga district terrace, showing also the possibility of flood flow directly to Narew river through the relive channels leading by a terrain depressions of today's Zeranski Canal and Bródnowski Canal.
Źródło:
Prace i Studia Geograficzne; 2009, 43; 141-151
0208-4589
Pojawia się w:
Prace i Studia Geograficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Możliwości opracowania kartogramów i kartodiagramów w programie MapInfo Professional 10.5
Possibilities of elaborating choropleth maps and diagrams in MapInfo Professional 10.5
Autorzy:
Dębowska, A.
Korycka-Skorupa, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204190.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
Tematy:
MapInfo Professional 10.5
systemy informacji geograficznej
metoda i forma prezentacji kartograficznej
metoda kartogramu
metoda kartodiagramu
geographic information systems
method and form of cartographic presentation
choropleth map method
diagram map method
Opis:
W artykule przeanalizowano i oceniono możliwości opracowania kartogramów i kartodiagramów w jednym z programów typu GIS -MapInfo Professional 10.5. Omówione możliwości programu skonfrontowano z zasadami metodyki kartograficznej.
Autors analyze and evaluate the possibilities of elaborating choropleth maps and diagrams using one of the most popular programs for servicing geographic information systems - MapInfo Professional 10.5. The article focuses only on two forms of cartographic presentation since they are the most frequently used and described in detail in MapInfo. The classification of map elaboration methods used in the MapInfo program is completely different from the classification accepted in Polish cartography. Not only is the "classification" completely different, but also MapInfo features methods unknown and incorrect from the cartographical point of view. These erratic solutions adversely affect the evaluation of the program. MapInfo Professional is made for a wide range of potential users, therefore it would seem natural to expect that they be given correct basics of cartographic methodology. Terminology used both in the program and in the MapInfo guides very often differs from the terminology accepted in Polish cartography, which is a serious problem. Not only does it adversely affect the understanding of the program, but also causes chaotic terminology to spread. In the analyzed program the diagram can be generated by as many as four methods of generating a thematic map which makes it the program's most developed method of cartographic presentation. However, it is impossible to generate a diagram map illustrating values of a phenomenon with the use of a graph. Considering all sorts of diagrams (one- and multi--parameter, flat and three-dimentional block), it appears that only a small part of those can be generated in MapInfo Professional. There are options to elaborate one parameter flat geometric diagrams in the shape of a circle, half circle, column, square, triangle and polygon. While editing, the user has the option of changing their filling and contour. The lack of the option to adapt the size of diagrams to the size of base units is the program's very serious disadvantage, as automation and acceleration of map elaboration process is a feature quite expected of GIS software. Including an adequate algorithm seems indispensible. It is possible to generate a line diagram in the same form as a related to point or an area diagram in the program. In such a case the diagram is put in the "middle" of the line to which it refers (fig. 8). The solution is completely inconsistent with cartographic methodology and cannot be classified within cartographic methods of presentation. According to the information in MapInfo user guide (2008) the so-called division method is the equivalent of the second method of presentation mentioned in this article- the choropleth map. It appears, however, that with this "method" it is possible to present all quantitative data. There is no warning that the choropleth map can only be applied for presenting relative data. Moreover, there is no option to generate a continuous or two-variable choropleth map, or a correct legend. Attempts to generate choropleth maps and diagrams in MapInfo have proved that the suggested solutions are not entirely correct and satisfactory. Although the program contains many useful functions, they are underdeveloped and occasionally can even mislead the user.
Źródło:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2013, T. 45, nr 3, 3; 201-217
0324-8321
Pojawia się w:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena programów GIS wykorzystywanych do opracowania kartograficznych anamorfoz powierzchniowych
An evaluation of GIS tools for generating area cartograms
Autorzy:
Markowska, A.
Korycka-Skorupa, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204196.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
Tematy:
anamorfoza kartograficzna
anamorfoza powierzchniowa
cartogram
area cartograms
GIS
Opis:
W artykule omówiono programy komputerowe, służące do automatycznego opracowywania kartograficznych anamorfoz powierzchniowych. Poruszono kwestię algorytmów, na podstawie których można opracować różne typy anamorfoz powierzchniowych. Celem artykułu była również ocena dostępnego na rynku oprogramowania, służącego do generowania takich anamorfoz. Opracowując kartograficzne anamorfozy powierzchniowe należy zadecydować, jaki typ mapy chcemy otrzymać, a tym samym jaki należy zastosować algorytm. Kolejnym etapem jest wybór oprogramowania, które często uzależnione jest od wcześniej wybranego typu anamorfozy. Przedstawione w artykule programy są bezpłatne. Do wykonania anamorfoz w analizowanych programach wykorzystane zostały dane dotyczące wyborów prezydenckich w Polsce w 2010 roku. Na potrzeby badania wykonane zostały anamorfozy powierzchniowe Polski w podziale na województwa oraz mapy województwa mazowieckiego w podziale na powiaty. Wybrane programy zostały poddane wnikliwiej ocenie. Wyniki badań pokazały, że programami, które w największym stopniu spełniają założone kryteria są: Cartogram Utility for ArcGIS, Scape Toad oraz MapViewer 7. Przy opracowywaniu anamorfoz powierzchniowych ważny jest kształt otrzymywanej mapy. W zależności od zastosowanego geodezyjnego układu odniesienia można otrzymać różne anamorfozy – bardziej lub mniej przypominające geograficzne zarysy jednostek administracyjnych. Dlatego też należy dobierać układ geodezyjny w zależności od obszaru, a jeżeli nie jest to możliwe, to po opracowaniu mapa powinna być dopracowana w programach graficznych.
The purpose of this article is to report a study aimed at systematic assessment of the functionality of commercially available software for the automatic generation of area cartograms. The issue of the wide choice of algorithms developed over the years for generating various types of surfaces has also been raised. Cartograms (called also anamorphic maps) are constructed by changing the surface area of each spatial unit in step with the corresponding value of the mapped thematic variable (area cartogram) or changing accordingly the distance between the preselected focal point and other points on the map (distance cartogram). Depending on the shape of mapping units, the following three types of area cartograms can be distinguished: • proportional symbol cartogram were the original shapes of mapping units have been replaced with simple geometric shapes such as squares, rectangles or circles (for example, Dorling Circle Cartograms, square cartogram); • continuous regular cartograms where the shapes of areal units on the map resemble the actual shapes of the mapped units but their boundaries have been geometrized to consist of perpendicular sections; • continuous irregular cartograms where the shapes of areal units on the map resemble the actual shapes of the mapped units but unit boundaries are not straight lines. Cartograms can also be constructed to preserve spatial contiguity (continuous cartograms) or not (noncontinuous cartograms), with the latter often preserving the underlying neighborhood relationships to some degree. While constructing area cartogram, one needs to decide first the type of a surface to be developed, and therefore, the algorithm to be applied. The next step in map construction is the choice of software, where tool selection depends often on the predetermined type of the cartogram. The study surveyed five programs for the construction of area cartograms – all available free of charge. Each of those software tools was used to generate area cartograms portraying data from the 2010 presidential election in Poland. Two groups of areal cartograms where generated for the purpose of this study: maps of the entire Poland by voivodships, showing the number of valid votes cast for the two presidential candidates in each voivodship, and maps of the Mazowieckie voivodship by county, portraying the number of valid votes cast for the individual candidates in each county. The subsequent in-depth assessment of surveyed programs took into account eleven criteria including the number of cartogram types that might be developed using each program, availability of tools for the proper legend construction and display, possibility of supplementing the cartogram with complementary choropleth maps, the option for inserting map labels, the type of spatial data that can be used in the software (reference to points, lines, polygons) and so on. The study has demonstrated that the tool included in the ArcGIS (Cartogram Utility for ArcGIS) best met the survey criteria scoring 9 points. The application Scape Toad placed second (7.5 pts.), while MapViewer 7 came third (6.25 pts.). When generating cartograms in the available GIS programs, one should also pay attention to the visual qualities of the generated maps, and in particular, to the resemblance of shapes of spatial units on the map to the their actual geographic boundaries. Since the shape outlines obtained on the map vary depending on the underlying geodetic reference system, the best coordinate system for the mapped area should be selected. However, if such system cannot be used within a given cartogram generating tool, then the obtained cartogram should be exported and refined with some general software package for graphic editing.
Źródło:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2015, T. 47, nr 1, 1; 21-32
0324-8321
Pojawia się w:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kartogram i kartodiagram jako przykład łączenia metod prezentacji kartograficznej
Choropleth map and diagram map as an example of combining cartographic presentation methods
Autorzy:
Dębowska, A.
Korycka-Skorupa, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204260.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
Tematy:
metody prezentacji kartograficznej
kartogram
kartodiagram
kartogram diagramiczny
mapa anamorficzna
charakter danych
odniesienie danych
cartographic presentation methods
choropleth map
diagram map
choropleth map basing on diagram
cartogram
character of data
Opis:
W artykule omówiono różne aspekty łączenia dwóch metod prezentacji - kartogramu i kartodiagramu na jednej mapie. Zwrócono uwagę na dopasowanie graficzne obu metod oraz na charakter i odniesienie przedstawianych w ten sposób danych. Pokazano przykłady takich połączeń, od najprostszych zastosowań po skomplikowane ujęcia anamorficzne.
Presentation of data on maps requires appropriate graphic methods to make the presented information logical and clear for map users. Depending on the range of information cartographers decide to use one, two or several presentation methods on a single map. A common combination is of a choropleth map with a diagram map. A choropleth map consists of area units (geometrical or administrative) designated with a color scale, a method for map background, while a diagram map consists of scaled diagrams appearing 'on top'. Because of this the two methods match and do not interfere graphically. Thus more data can be presented on a single map. It is important that data is logically selected and thematically linked, to create a new quality -communicate new information. Let us look at a combination of a choropleth map and a diagram map in relation to data selection. Considering possible combinations of two types of data (relative and absolute) with two methods of presentation, four types of combinations can be distinguished. (fig- 2). Type A is the most common and most correct according to cartographic methodology. Type B is also quite common. Type C seems incorrect because of a choropleth presentation of absolute data, which is contrary to theoretical recommendations of cartographic methodology. The last type is against the rules of cartographic methodology and is not used. When analyzing a combination of a choropleth map and a diagram map on a single map it is worth having a look not only at the character of data but also at what it relates to. In the case of a choropleth map data al-ways relates to area units. In diagrams data can relate to points, lines as well as area. Therefore the following types of graphic solutions can be determined (fig. 10). Type I is definitely the most common combination. Both methods relate to the same area units, which significantly facilitates map reading and interpretation. Many maps of Type II can be found in atlases, especially in maps thematically linked to population and industry, where data is related to points (diagrams) and area (choropleth). In such cases choropleth map is used to present various markers in relation to whole area unit: voivodship, countries, eta, while a diagram map presents e.g. cities or industrial centers. Type III is used when there is a need to show movement against the background of a choropleth map. Often the presented topic is so broad that it requires several graphic techniques simultaneously. They can be various types of diagrams (various shapes and colors), a complex choropleth map (two choropleth maps superimposed), various signatures and other methods of presentation (isolines, dots, ranges). Browsing through maps one can easily find ones with simultaneous use of several choropleth maps and diagram maps. There also exist some more complex combinations, which result in a single 'new' method of presentation, such as choropleth maps basing on a diagram or cartograms. Map authors combine the choropleth method with a diagram method to present a certain group of topics. This combination is often used to present socio-economic issues, because they require quantitative or ordering methods, of which a choropleth map and a diagram map are the most popular. While selecting data for cartographic presentation it should be remembered that using two or more sets of data on a single map has to be justified. Data shown on a single map has to be complimentary, self-explanatory and selected correctly from the point of cartographic methodology and graphic design. Any attempt to make an exhaustive and clear presentation of a particular problem on a map requires some graphic techniques involving a combination of cartographic methods. Clarity of such presentation depends on data selection, graphic design and perception of map user. Presented analysis does not conclude the topic of research, rather it opens the door towards a broader view of the potential of combining various cartographic methods.
Źródło:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2010, T. 42, nr 4, 4; 305-320
0324-8321
Pojawia się w:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kartodiagram w wybranych programach komputerowych
Diagram map in selected computer software
Autorzy:
Bajer, A.
Korycka-Skorupa, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204353.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
Tematy:
kartodiagram
program graficzny
program typu GIS
prezentacja danych
legenda mapy
diagram map
graphic software
GIS-type program
data presentation
map legend
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono różne możliwości opracowania kartodiagramów w wybranych czterech programach komputerowych typu GIS. Omówiono mapy opracowane w sposób automatyczny, według ustawień domyślnych oraz takie, których opracowanie wspomagane jest wiedzą kartograficzną wykonawcy. Prześledzono poszczególne etapy opracowania kartodiagramu oraz możliwości programów GIS w tym zakresie. Otrzymane mapy oraz ich legendy oceniono pod względem respektowania podstawowych zasad metodyki kartograficznej.
Two types of computer software can be used for map preparation: a graphic program, eg. Corel Draw orAdobe lllustrator, or Geographic Information System (GIS). The article presents various options of diagram map preparation in four selected GIS-type computer pro-grams: Maplnfo Professional 7.8, ArcMap 9.1 (from ArcGIS 9.1 package), MapViewer 7, Microsoft Map-Point 2006. The analysis involved using the programs to present statistical data in the form of a diagram map, and evaluation of the resulting map. Subsequent stages of diagram map preparation were analyzed as were the capabilities of particular programs in that respect (fig.1). The elements which are vital for map's correctness were analyzed in the first place. After defining the basie assumptions of the diagram map method and identifying errors possible at each stage it was possible to evaluate the accuracy of solutions applied in particular programs. Maps prepared using the default settings were analyzed as well as those, the preparation of which asked for some cartographic skill of the user. The analysis showed that the programs provided a similar level of options in respect to diagram map preparation. None of them is faultless, but they all have their strengths. Only MapPoint falls behind; it is significantly poorer and provides less options. It can be stated that Maplnfo, ArcMap and MapViewer are all similarly useful for diagram map preparation, although they differ in their functionalities at different stages of editing. Preparation of a proper diagram map asks for relevant cartographic skill. For a skilled user GIS programs can provide a tool for quick and simple preparation of acceptable and often visually attractive diagram maps. Programs are easy to use, so even an inexperienced user will be able to prepare a map with them. Unfortunately in such cases quality may suffer, because the programs contain some shorteomings and cartographically questionable solutions. There are also many 'traps' which await an inexperienced editor. Regretfully the programs do not include any limits as to the number of elements of the presented structure. Cartographic conventions and code of practice, which result from many years of experience should be considered during the preparation of GIS-type cartographic software. Such programs would enable any, even inexperienced, user to visualize data in a way both comprehensible and correct.
Źródło:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2008, T. 40, nr 3, 3; 247-266
0324-8321
Pojawia się w:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hydrologiczno-techniczne podstawy zabezpieczenia Pruszkowa przed wylewami Utraty
Hydrological-technical background for the protection of Pruszków against the flood from the Utrata river
Autorzy:
Dąbkowski, Sz. L.
Ciepielowski, A.
Gutry-Korycka, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/338103.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
odpływ
powódź
prawdopodobieństwo
sposoby ochrony
wezbrania
floods
floods protection
maximal discharge
probability
runoff
Opis:
W pracy przedstawiono cechy naturalnego ustroju hydrologicznego (zwłaszcza formowania się wezbrań) Utraty na tle warunków fizycznogeograficznych zlewni. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na zmiany odpływu w wyniku urbanizacji, spowodowane szybkim odprowadzaniem wód opadowych i roztopowych za pomocą kanalizacji deszczowej oraz odprowadzaniem ścieków sanitarnych, zmniejszających rezerwę pojemności korytowej rzeki. Oba zjawiska przyczyniają się do wzrastającego zagrożenia powodzią doliny rzeki, w wyniku którego dochodzi do zalewania znacznej części Pruszkowa. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie możliwości ochrony miasta przed wylewami Utraty za pomocą dwóch suchych zbiorników (polderów). Skuteczność ich działania oceniono na podstawie teoretycznych hydrogramów wezbrania odpowiadającego przepływowi maksymalnemu o prawdopodobieństwie wystąpienia 1%. Planowany zbiornik "Komorów" zmniejszy kulminację wezbrania z 18,9 do 17,1 m³·s-¹ i opóźni jej wystąpienie o 27 godzin. Zbiornik "Malichy", u ujścia Raszynki i Utraty, zredukuje przepływ maksymalny z 28,6 do 20,0 m³·s-¹ i opóźni kulminację o 54 godziny. Koszt budowy zbiorników jest mniejszy od kosztu budowy obwałowań, poszerzenia rzeki lub budowy kanału ulgi wzdłuż biegu Utraty na jej odcinku wylotowym z obszaru miasta.
Features of the natural hydrologic system (particularly formation of floods) of the Utrata are presented in this paper together with physical and geographic conditions of its catchment. Special attention was paid to changes in the outflow associated with urbanisation and resulting in rapid discharge of precipitation and runoff waters through storm sewerage and with the discharge of domestic sewage which decreases volumetric reserve of the river channel. Both phenomena contribute to increasing risk of flood in the river valley resulting in the inundation of large parts of Pruszków. This paper was aimed at presenting how to protect Pruszków from flooding with the use of two dry reservoirs (polders). Their efficiency was estimated from theoretical flood hydrographs of the maximum flow with the 1 % probability of occurrence. Planned reservoir "Komorów" would decrease flood culmination from 18.8 to 17.1 m³·s-¹ and delay its passage by 27 hours. Reservoir "Malichy" at the confluence of the Raszynka to the Utrata would reduce maximum flow from 28.6 to 20.0 m³·s-¹ and delay its culmination by 54 hours. The cost of construction of two reservoirs is lower than that of the embankment construction, river widening or construction of the relief channel along the Utrata at its outlet stretch from the town.
Źródło:
Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie; 2004, T. 4, z. 2b; 303-318
1642-8145
Pojawia się w:
Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14

    Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies