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    Tytuł:
    Microstructure and abrasive wear resistance of 18Cr-4Ni-2.5Mo cast steel
    Autorzy:
    Kalandyk, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380296.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    stal wysokostopowa Cr-Ni
    mikrostruktura
    wykres CTPc
    zużycie ścierne
    highly alloyed Cr-Ni cast steel
    microstructure
    equivalent Cr and Ni
    CCT diagrams
    abrasive wear
    Opis:
    An influence of a decreased Cr content on the microstructure of the highly alloyed Cr-Ni cast steel, duplex type, melted under laboratory conditions, was characterized in the paper. The microstructure investigations were performed in the initial state and after the heat treatment (solution annealing) at 1060 C as well as the phase transformation kinetics at continuous cooling was measured. The wear resistance of the investigated cast steel was tested and compared with the 24%Cr-5%Ni-2.5%Mo cast steel. The Cr content decrease, in ferritic-austenitic cast steels (duplex), from 24-26%Cr to 18% leads to the changes of the castings microstructure and eliminating of a brittle \sigma phase. In dependence of the casting cooling rate, apart from ferrite and austenite, also fine martensite precipitates occur in the casting structure. It was shown that the investigated cast steel is characterised by a slightly lower wear resistance than the typical cast steel duplex grades.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 4; 81-84
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wear resistance of 18%Cr-9%Ni steel used for cast parts of pumps operating in corrosive – erosive environments
    Odporność na zużycie staliwa 18%Cr-9%Ni stosowanego na elementy pomp pracujących w warunkach korozyjno-erozyjnych
    Autorzy:
    Kalandyk, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354664.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    austenic steel
    cast steel
    Miller test
    slury abrasiv resistance
    microstructure
    stal austenityczna
    staliwo
    test Millera
    odporność na ścieranie
    mikrostruktura
    Opis:
    This paper presents the results of experimental studies, the main aim of which has been to demonstrate that changes in the microstructure of austenitic 18%Cr-9%Ni cast steel provoked by the addition of 1.4% boron, and boron with titanium, give increased wear resistance. After melting the high-alloyed 18%Cr-9%Ni cast steel with an addition of boron, and boron with titanium, metallographic examinations were conducted using light microscopy and SEM. These examinations revealed in the austenitic structure of the 18%Cr-9%Ni cast steel, the presence of a eutectic rich in boron and chromium, and characterised by a microhardness of 1838-1890 μ HV20 . Additionally, in the cast steel inoculated with boron and titanium, the presence of titanium nitride precipitates was observed. Changes that have occurred in the microstructure as a result of introducing the additions of boron, and boron with titanium, also caused an increase of the cast steel hardness from 212 HV30 to 290-320 HV30 and 320-350 HV30, respectively. To determine the abrasive wear resistance, 16-hour Miller test was performed (ASTM G 75-07), wherein the abrasive medium was a mixture of SiC and water. Obtaining the hard, rich in boron and chromium, eutectic and titanium nitride precipitates in the structure of 18%Cr-9%Ni cast steel increased the abrasive wear resistance by approximately 21%, according to the data recorded in the sixteenth hour of the test cycle. As an additional benchmark point for the results obtained served the wear resistant, structural, L35GSM steel used for castings working in difficult conditions. Comparing the values of abrasive wear resistance obtained for the 18%Cr-9%Ni cast steel and cast L35GSM steel, an increase in the wear resistance of the 18%Cr-9%Ni cast steel by about 35% has been proved.
    W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych, których celem było wykazanie, że zmiany w mikrostrukturze austenitycznego staliwa 18%Cr-9%Ni na skutek wprowadzenie dodatku 1,4% boru oraz boru i tytanu skutkują zwiększeniem odporności na zużycie. Po wytopieniu wysokostopowego staliwa 18%Cr-9%Ni z borem oraz z dodatkiem boru i tytanu przeprowadzono badania metalograficzne z wykorzystaniem mikroskopu świetlnego i skaningowego. Badania te wykazały obecność w austenitycznej strukturze staliwa 18%Cr-9%Ni eutektyki bogatej w bor i chrom, o mikrotwardosci 1838-1890 μHV20: W staliwie modyfikowanym borem i tytanem dodatkowo stwierdzono obecność wydzieleń azotków tytanu. Zmiany jakie zaszły w mikrostrukturze po wprowadzeniu dodatków boru oraz boru i tytanu spowodowały również wzrost twardości staliwa z 212 HV30 odpowiednio do 290-320 HV30 oraz do 320-350 HV30 . Do określenia odporności na zużycie ścierne wykonano 16-godzinny test Millera (ASTM G 75-07), w którym medium ścierającym była mieszanina SiC i wody. Uzyskanie twardej eutektyki bogatej w bor i chrom oraz wydzieleń azotków tytanu w strukturze staliwa 18%Cr-9%Ni doprowadziło do zwiększenia odporności na ścieranie o około 21% w 16 godzinie cyklu badań. Dodatkowym punktem odniesienia uzyskanych wyników było odporne za zużycie, konstrukcyjne staliwo L35GSM stosowane na odlewy pracujące w trudnych warunkach. Porównując otrzymane wyniki odporności na zużycie ścierne staliwa 18Cr-9%Ni oraz staliwa L35GSM wykazano, wzrost odporności na zużycie staliwa 18%Cr-9%Ni o około 35%.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2013, 58, 3; 841-844
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effects of steel - applied for large-dimension castings for the power engineering - refining in the ladle-furnace
    Efekty rafinacji w pieco-kadzi stali stosowanej na wielkogabarytowe odlewy dla energetyki
    Autorzy:
    Kalandyk, B.
    Wojtal, W
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355926.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    cast steel for power industry
    melting technology
    electric arc furnace
    ladle furnace
    desulphurisation
    staliwa dla energetyki
    technologia topienia
    elektryczny piec łukowy
    piecokadź
    odsiarczanie
    Opis:
    The changes of a sulphur content during refining in melting low-alloy and high-alloy steels (G17CrMoV5-10; GX12CrMoNiVNbN9-1) applied for large-dimension castings for the power engineering are presented in the hereby paper. The investigated steel was melted in the oxygen-recovery melting technology with an application of maximum 70% of the process scrap. In addition, after steel melting in the electric arc furnace (EAF), the secondary metallurgy was performed in the ladle furnace (LF). It was shown that the application of the secondary metallurgy by a synthetic slag in the ladle furnace and argon bubbling of a metal bath leads to obtaining in the final analysis: 0.0043-0.0046% of sulphur (a decrease of S content during refining in LF reached 40%). Current measurements of FeO in the slag and maintaining its content below 0.8%, support obtaining such low sulphur content in steel. So low level of the slag oxidizing is one of the necessary conditions for a deep desulphurisation of the metal bath. Without the secondary metallurgy the sulphur content in low-alloy cast steel was 0.007%, while 0.01% in high-alloy cast steel. Controlling of the gas (oxygen, nitrogen) content during steel melting and correcting the amount of additions (e.g. deoxidants), allowed to obtain the low oxygen content (below 45 ppm for two investigated steel grades) and nitrogen content (88 ppm for low-alloy steel and 330 ppm for high-alloy steel), which warrants a good combination of strength and plastic properties.
    W pracy przedstawiono zmiany zawartosci siarki podczas rafinacji w czasie wytapiania stali nisko- i wysokostopowej (G17CrMoV5-10; GX12CrMoNiVNbN9-1) stosowanej na wielkogabarytowe odlewy dla energetyki. Badana stal wytopiono w technologii odzyskowo-tlenowej z zastosowaniem maksymalnie 70% złomu własnego. Dodatkowo, po wytopieniu stali w piecu łukowym (EAF) przeprowadzono obróbke pozapiecowa w pieco-kadzi (LF). Wykazano, ze zastosowanie obróbki pozapiecowej zuzlem syntetycznym w pieco-kadzi i argonowania kapieli metalowej prowadzi do uzyskania w analizie koncowej 0,0043-0,0046%S (zmniejszenie zawartosci S podczas rafinacji w LF siegało 40%). Uzyskaniu tak niskiej zawartosci siarki w stali sprzyja m.in. biezacy pomiar FeO w zuzlu i utrzymanie jego zawartosci ponizej 0,8%. Tak niski poziom stopnia utlenienia zuzla jest jednym z warunków koniecznym do dobrego odsiarczenia kapieli metalowej. Bez obróbki pozapiecowej zawartosc siarki w staliwie niskostopowym wynosiła 0,007%, natomiast dla staliwa wysokostopowego 0,01%. Kontrola zawartosci gazów (tlenu i azotu) w czasie wytapiania stali i dokonywana korekta ilosci wprowadzanych dodatków (np. odtleniaczy) doprowadziła do uzyskania niskiej zawartosci tlenu (ponizej 45 ppm dla dwóch badanych gatunków stali) i azotu (88 ppm dla stali niskostopowej, 330 ppm dla stali wysokostopowej) gwarantujaca dobra kombinacje własciwosci wytrzymałosciowych i plastycznych odlewów.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2013, 58, 3; 779-783
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effects of Rare Earth Metal Addition on Wear Resistance of Chromium-Molybdenum Cast Steel
    Autorzy:
    Kasińska, J.
    Kalandyk, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381581.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    wear resistant alloys
    cast steel
    rare earth metals
    Miller test
    surface profile
    stopy odporne na zużycie
    stal
    metale ziem rzadkich
    test Millera
    profil powierzchni
    Opis:
    This paper discusses changes in the microstructure and abrasive wear resistance of G17CrMo5-5 cast steel modified with rare earth metals (REM). The changes were assessed using scanning microscopy. The wear response was determined in the Miller test to ASTM G75. Abrasion tests were supplemented with the surface profile measurements of non-modified and modified cast steel using a Talysurf CCI optical profilometer. It was demonstrated that the modification substantially affected the microstructure of the alloy, leading to grain size reduction and changed morphology of non-metallic inclusions. The observed changes in the microstructure resulted in a three times higher impact strength (from 33 to 99 kJ/cm2) and more than two times higher resistance to cracking (from 116 to 250 MPa). The following surface parameters were computed: Sa: Arithmetic mean deviation of the surface, Sq: Root-mean-square deviation of the surface, Sp: Maximum height of the peak, Sv: Maximum depth of the valley, Sz: Ten Point Average, Ssk: Asymmetry of the surface, Sku: Kurtosis of the surface. The findings also indicated that the addition of rare earth metals had a positive effect on the abrasion behaviour of G17CrMo5-5 cast steel.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 3; 63-68
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of high-manganese cast steel strain hardening on the abrasion wear resistance in a mixture of SiC and water
    Autorzy:
    Kalandyk, B.
    Zapała, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382258.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    austenite
    high-manganese steel
    microstructure
    abrasive wear resistance
    Miller slurry machine test
    austenit
    stal wysokomanganowa
    mikrostruktura
    odporność na zużycie ścierne
    test Millera
    Opis:
    The study attempts to determine the impact of the high-manganese cast steel strain hardening on its abrasion wear resistance in a mixture of SiC and water prepared in accordance with ASTM G75. For tests, the high-manganese cast steel containing 10.7, 17.9 and 20.02% Mn was selected. The results of microstructure examinations and abrasion wear resistance tests carried out on the material in non-hardened condition and after strain hardening with a force of 539.55kN were disclosed. Additionally, the surface of samples after a 16-hour cycle of abrasion tests was examined. Moreover, based on the obtained results, the effect of different contents of Mn in cast steel was studied, mainly in terms of its impact on the abrasion wear resistance. The results obtained on the tested materials were compared with the results obtained on the low-alloyed abrasion wear-resistant cast steel L35GSM.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2013, 13, 4; 63-66
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Surfacing 24Cr-5Ni-2.5Mo Duplex Steel Castings by TIG
    Autorzy:
    Kasinska, J.
    Skrzypczyk, A.
    Kalandyk, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379970.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    duplex cast steel
    surfacing
    Tungsten Inert Gas method
    solution heat treatment
    microstructure change
    staliwo duplex
    proces napawania
    metoda TIG
    obróbka cieplna
    Opis:
    This article discusses the influence of Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) surfacing of duplex cast steel on its hardness and structure. The samples of 24Cr-5Ni-2.5Mo ferritic-austenitic cast steel were subjected to single-overlay processes with the use of solid wire having the chemical composition similar to that of the duplex cast steel. As a result of the surfacing, the welds were obtained that had no welding imperfections with a smooth transition to the base material. In the test without the heat treatment, directly below the fusion line, we observe a ferrite band with a width of approximately 200 μm without visible austenite areas. Some of the samples were then solution treated (1060°C). Both variants, without and after solution heat treatment, were subjected to testing. Significant changes in the microstructure of the joint were observed after the heat treatment process (heat affected zone and weld microstructure changes). In both areas, an increase in the austenite volume fraction after solution heat treatment was observed. Changes in the microhardness of the ferrite in the HAZ area directly below the fusion line were also observed.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 2; 15-20
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ żużli syntetycznych na proces odsiarczania niskostopowego staliwa Cr-Ni-Mo
    The Influence of Synthetic Slags on Desulphurisation Process of Low Alloy Cr-Ni-Mo Cast Steel
    Autorzy:
    Balicki, M.
    Sobula, S.
    Kalandyk, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380598.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    obróbka pozapiecowa stali
    żużel syntetyczny
    staliwo Cr-Ni-Mo
    secondary metallurgy
    synthetic slag
    Cr-Ni-Mo cast steel
    Opis:
    W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki obróbki pozapiecowej stali niskostopowej L70H2GNM przeznaczonej na masywne odlewy, pracujące w warunkach ścierania. Obróbka polegała na przedmuchiwaniu argonem stali w kadzi odlewniczej o pojemności 8,5 Mg, przy udziale trzech różnych żużli syntetycznych. Do badań wybrano żużle dostępne na rynku materiałów odlewniczych takie jak: LDSF LT firmy Kerneos, UZRA KP firmy ZM Ropczyce, który dodatkowo zmodyfikowano przez wprowadzenie aluminium. Czas przedmuchiwania kąpieli argonem wynosił 4 minuty dla każdego wytopu. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań uzyskano zmiany zawartości siarki w wytapianym staliwie w zależności od zastosowanych żużli syntetycznych. Stwierdzono, że zawartość siarki w staliwie zmniejszyła się po rafinacji w kadzi. Dodatkowo wykazano, że na zawartość siarki w badanym staliwie ma wpływ skład chemiczny zastosowanych żużli syntetycznych.
    In this article, the results of secondary metallurgy of L70H2GNM cast steel has been shown. This grade of low alloy cast steel is popular in Poland for heavy castings which works in wear conditions e.g. in coal mills. The ladle refining process was composed of argon stirring in 8.5 Mg bottom pour ladle and treatment with synthetic slags. The three commercial slag mixtures available on casting materials market such as: LDSF of the Kerneos company, UZRA KP and UZRA KP+Al of the ZM Ropczyce company were chosen for examinations. The time of argon blowing through porous plug was 4 minutes for every melt. Experimental results have shown, that sulphur content in steel decreases after refining in ladle. Moreover, desulphurisation ratio during argon stirring have also been influenced by composition of slag mixtures.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 4 spec.; 11-14
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Effect of Si and Mn on Microstructure and Selected Properties of Cr-Ni Stainless Steels
    Autorzy:
    Kalandyk, B.
    Zapała, R.
    Starowicz, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380853.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    cast stainless
    alloy composition
    hardness
    electrochemical corrosion
    Miller test
    odlew ze stali nierdzewnej
    skład stopu
    twardość
    korozja elektrochemiczna
    test Millera
    Opis:
    Cast stainless steel of the Cr-Ni duplex type is used, among others, for the cast parts of pumps and valves handling various chemically aggressive media. Therefore, the main problem discussed in this article is the problem of abrasion wear resistance in a mixture of SiC and water and resistance to electrochemical corrosion in a 3% NaCl- H2O solution of selected cast steel grades, i.e. typical duplex cast steel, high silicon and manganese duplex cast steel, and Cr-Ni austenitic cast steel (type AISI 316L). The study shows that the best abrasion wear resistance comparable to Ni-Hart cast iron was obtained in the cast duplex steel, where Ni was partially replaced with Mn and N. This cast steel was also characterized by the highest hardness and matrix microhardness among all the tested cast steel grades. The best resistance to electrochemical corrosion in 3% NaCl- H2O solution showed the cast duplex steel with high content of Cr, Mo and N. The addition of Ni plays rather insignificant role in the improvement of corrosion resistance of the materials tested.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 1; 192-196
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Characteristics of centrifugally cast GX25CrNiSi18-9 steel
    Autorzy:
    Zapała, R.
    Kalandyk, B.
    Rakowska, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381343.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    metallography
    heat resistance
    cast steel
    metalografia
    żaroodporność stopu
    staliwo
    Opis:
    The paper presents the results of microstructural examinations of the industrial heat-resistant centrifugally cast GX25CrNiSi18-9 steel characterised by increased content of Cu. The study included changes in the microstructure of base cast steel respective of the steel held at a temperature of 900 and 950°C for 48 hours. Based on the results obtained, an increase in microhardness of the examined cast steel matrix with increasing temperature was stated, which was probably caused by fine precipitates enriched in Cr, Mo, and C forming inside the matrix grains. The layer of scale formed on the tested cast steel oxidised in the atmosphere of air at 900 and 950°C was characterised by an increased tendency to degradation with increasing temperature of the conducted tests.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2011, 11, 3 spec.; 249-254
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Comparison of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cast Steel Carried out on Cast-on Samples and Samples Cast Separately
    Autorzy:
    Kalandyk, B. E.
    Zapała, R. E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1837717.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    cast steel
    cast-on samples
    heat treatment
    mechanical properties
    metallography
    staliwo
    próbki odlewu
    obróbka cieplna
    właściwości mechaniczne
    metalografia
    Opis:
    The results of microstructure examinations and UTS, YS, El, RA carried out on low-carbon cast steel containing 0.15% C. The tests were carried out on specimens cut out from samples cast on a large-size casting and from samples cast in separate foundry moulds. It has been shown that significant differences in grain size observed in the material of the separately cast samples and cast-on samples occur only in the as-cast. In the as-cast state, in materials from different tests, both pearlite percent content in the structure and mean true interlamellar spacing remain unchanged. On the other hand, these parameters undergo significant changes in the materials after heat treatment. The mechanical properties (after normalization) of the cast-on sample of the tested cast steel were slightly inferior to the values obtained for the sample cast in a separate foundry mould. The microscopic examinations of the fracture micro-relief carried out by SEM showed the presence of numerous, small non-metallic inclusions, composed mainly of oxide-sulphides containing Mn, S, Al, Ca and O, occurring individually and in clusters.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2021, 21, 2; 81-88
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Odporność korozyjna dwufazowego staliwa 24Cr-5Mn-2Ni-3Mo
    Corrosion Resistance of 24Cr-5Mn-2Ni-3Mo Duplex Cast Steel
    Autorzy:
    Kalandyk, B.
    Starowicz, M.
    Zapała, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382698.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    staliwo duplex
    korozja elektrochemiczna
    krzywe polaryzacji
    duplex cast steel
    electrochemical corrosion
    polarization curves
    Opis:
    Przedmiotem badań było porównanie odporności na korozję elektrochemiczną dwóch gatunków kwasoodpornego staliwa ferrytyczno-austenitycznego (duplex): klasycznego zawierającego 24Cr-5Ni-2,5Mo-2,6Cu z nowym gatunkiem staliwa zawierającym 24Cr-5Mn-2Ni-3Mo, w którym Ni częściowo został zastąpiony przez Mn i N. Zawartość pierwiastków austenitotwórczych (Ni, Mn i N) została tak dobrana, aby udział ferrytu δ w staliwie wynosił 45÷50%. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań korozyjnych stwierdzono, że oba materiały ulegają samorzutnej pasywacji w 3% roztworze NaCl. Staliwo z podwyższoną zawartością Mn i N posiada znacznie wyższą wartość potencjału bezprądowego (Eo = -0,7 V), niż klasyczne staliwo duplex (Eo = -0,95V) oraz wykazuje zasadnicze różnice w gęstości prądu anodowego. Jest ono również bardziej odporne na korozję lokalną. Analiza mikrostrukturalna produktów korozji wskazuje na obecność nielicznych wżerów korozyjnych powstających głównie na wtrąceniach niemetalicznych.
    The aim of the studies was to compare the electrochemical corrosion resistance of the two grades of acid-resistant cast austenitic-ferritic (duplex) steel, i.e. the conventional grade containing 24Cr-5Ni-2.5Mo-2.6Cu and a cast steel grade containing 24Cr-5Mn-2Ni-3Mo, where Ni was partially replaced by a higher content of Mn and N. The content of austenite-forming elements (Ni, Mn and N) has been chosen in such a way as to keep the δ ferrite fraction in the cast steel at a level of 45 ÷ 50%. Based on the corrosion test results, it was found that both materials undergo a spontaneous passivation in the 3% NaCl solution. The cast steel with increased content of Mn and N has a much higher value of the electro less potential (Eo = -0.7 V) than the conventional cast duplex steel (Eo = -0,95V), and shows substantial differences in the anodic current density. It is also more resistant to local corrosion. Microstructural analysis of corrosion products indicates the presence of very few corrosion pits formed mainly on the non-metallic inclusions.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 4 spec.; 53-56
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of Tempering Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Cast L35HM Steel
    Autorzy:
    Zapała, R.
    Kalandyk, B.
    Wawro, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380169.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    heat treatment
    mechanical properties
    cast L35HM steel
    tempering
    quenching
    obróbka cieplna
    właściwości mechaniczne
    odlewy ze stali
    Opis:
    A possibility to control the strength, hardness and ductility of the L35HM low-alloy structural cast steel by the applied tempering temperature is discussed in the paper. Tests were carried out on samples taken from the two randomly selected industrial melts. Heat treatment of the cast samples included quenching at 900°C, cooling in an aqueous solution of polymer, and tempering at 600 and 650°C. The obtained results showed that the difference in the tempering temperature equal to 50°C can cause the difference of 121 MPa in the values of UTS and of 153 MPa in the values of 0.2%YS. For both melts tempered at 600 °C, the average values of UTS and 0.2%YS were equal to 995 MPa and 933 MPa, respectively. The values of EL and RA did not show any significant differences. Attention was drawn to large differences in strength and hardness observed between the melts tempered at 600 and 650°C. Despite differences in the mechanical properties of the examined cast steel, the obtained results were superior to those specified by the standard.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 2; 151-156
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructures 20%Cr-21%Ni-5%Si Cast Steel
    Autorzy:
    Kalandyk, B.
    Kasińska, J.
    Olejnik, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381678.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    austenitic cast steel
    stainless steel
    cast steel microstructure
    heat treatment
    staliwo austenityczne
    stal nierdzewna
    mikrostruktura staliwa
    obróbka termiczna
    Opis:
    The study describes the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure of cast high-alloyed 20%Cr-21%Ni-5%Si steel. It has been found that the microstructure of the tested material in the initial state consists of an austenitic matrix and precipitates rich in Si, Cr, Ni and Mn, characterized by different morphology and distributed mainly along the grain boundaries. The conducted heat treatment (after solutioning at: 1060, 1100 and 1200ºC) has changed both morphology and chemical composition of the precipitates. Significant reduction in the Si and Ni content and slight increase in the Cr content, especially after solutioning at 1200°C, combined with a simultaneous decrease in the hardness of the precipitates was evidenced.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 2 spec.; 39-42
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Effect of CaSiAl Modification on the Non-metallic Inclusions and Mechanical Properties of Low-carbon Microalloyed Cast Steel
    Autorzy:
    Kalandyk, B.
    Zapała, R.
    Sobula, S.
    Tęcza, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382745.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    microalloyed cast steel
    microstructure
    mechanical property
    non-metallic inclusions
    staliwo mikrostopowe
    mikrostruktura
    właściwości mechaniczne
    wtrącenia niemetaliczne
    Opis:
    The effect of CaSiAl modification (43-49% Ca, 43-48% Si, 2% Al) on the non-metallic inclusions and mechanical properties of cast low-carbon steel is discussed. Tests were carried out on the cast steel with 0.2% C and micro-additives of V and Nb, used mainly for heavy steel castings (e.g. slag ladles). The modifier in an amount of 1.5 and 3 kg / Mg was introduced to the liquid steel before tapping the metal into a ladle. Test ingots of Y type and a weight of 10 kg were cast and then subjected to a normalizing heat treatment. Using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the non-metallic inclusions present in as-cast samples was carried out. Additionally, tests of mechanical strength and impact strength were performed on cast steel with and without the different content of modifier. It was found that increasing the modifier addition affected impact strength but had no significant effect on tensile strength and yield strength. The material with high impact strength had the smallest area fraction of non-metallic inclusions in the microstructure (0.20%). The introduction of modifiers changed the morphology of non-metallic inclusions from dendritic to regular and nodular shapes.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2019, 1; 47-52
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of Silicon Addition on the Microstructure of Cast 24Cr-5Ni-2.5Mo-xSi Duplex Steel
    Autorzy:
    Kalandyk, B.
    Zapała, R.
    Witkowska, M.
    Kowalska, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381193.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    stainless steels
    microstructure of cast
    Thermo-Calc
    duplex steel
    stale nierdzewne
    mikrostruktura odlewu
    stal duplex
    Opis:
    Characteristics of the microstructure of corrosion-resistant cast 24Cr-5Ni-2.5Mo duplex steel after introduction of 0.98, 1.67 and 4.3% Si were described. Based on the test results it has been found that silicon addition introduced to the corrosion-resistant cast two-phase duplex steel significantly reduces austenite content in the alloy matrix. Increasing silicon content in the test alloy to 4.3% has resulted, in addition to the elimination of austenite, also in the precipitation of Si-containing intermetallic phases at the grain boundaries and inside the grains. The precipitates were characterized by varying content of Cr and Mo, indicating the presence in the structure of more than one type of the brittle phase characteristic for this group of materials. The simulation using Thermo-Calc software has confirmed the presence of ferrite in all tested alloys. In the material containing 4.3% Si, the Cr and Si enriched precipitates, such as G phase and Cr3Si were additionally observed to occur.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 1; 186-190
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of Vanadium Microaddition on the Strength of Low-Carbon Cast Steel at Elevated Temperatures
    Autorzy:
    Kalandyk, B. E.
    Zapała, R. E.
    Pałka, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/946865.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    low-carbon cast steel
    microaddition elements
    mechanical properties
    temperature
    staliwo niskowęglowe
    elementy mikrododycji
    właściwości mechaniczne
    temperatura
    Opis:
    The effect of vanadium microaddition on the strength of low-carbon cast steel containing 0.19% C used, among others, for castings of slag ladles was discussed. The tested cast steel was melted under laboratory conditions in a 30 kg capacity induction furnace. Mechanical tests were carried out at 700, 800 and 900°C using an Instron 5566 machine equipped with a heating oven of ± 2°C stability. Non-standard 8- fold samples with a measuring length of 26 mm and a diameter of 3 mm were used for the tests. It has been shown that, compared to cast steel without vanadium microaddition, the introduction of vanadium in an amount of 0.12% to unalloyed, low carbon cast steel had a beneficial effect on the microstructure and properties of this steel not only at ambient temperature but also at elevated temperatures when it promoted an increase in UTS and YS. The highest strength values were obtained in the tested cast steel at 700°C with UTS and YS reaching the values of 193 MPa and 187.7 MPa, respectively, against 125 MPa and 82.8 MPa, respectively, obtained without the addition of vanadium. It was also found that with increasing test temperature, the values of UTS and YS were decreasing. The lowest values of UTS and YS obtained at 900°C were 72 MPa and 59.5 MPa, respectively, against 69 MPa and 32.5 MPa, respectively, obtained without the addition of vanadium.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2020, 20, 2; 79-83
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Microstructure and Properties of 17Cr-0.8C Cast Steel
    Autorzy:
    Kalandyk, B.
    Zapała, R.
    Pałka, P.
    Wróbel, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353847.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    martensitic cast steel
    M23C6
    Fe7C3
    Fe3C carbides
    heat treatment
    microstructure
    hardness
    Opis:
    The results of studies of the microstructure and properties of cast high alloy steels containing 17% Cr and 0.8% C subjected to different variants of heat treatment are presented. For phase identification, the light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy as well as the X-ray diffraction analysis were used. The conducted studies revealed the presence of carbides in the microstructure, mainly of the M23C6 carbide, detected after both quenching and tempering at 200 and 600°C. The use of low and high tempering significantly reduced the test alloy hardness from 657.3 HV30 to 403.7 HV30. At the same time, hardness was observed to have an impact on the values of abrasion in the conducted Miller slurry test. Higher material hardness leads to lower wear expressed by mass loss.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 1; 113-117
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evaluation of Microstructure and Tribological Properties of GX120Mn13 and GX120MnCr18-2 Cast Steels
    Autorzy:
    Kalandyk, B.
    Zapała, R.
    Kasińska, J.
    Madej, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2079812.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    high manganese cast steel
    microstructure
    hardness
    wear resistance
    staliwo wysokomanganowe
    mikrostruktura
    twardość
    odporność na zużycie
    Opis:
    The results of microstructure examinations and hardness measurements carried out on two selected grades of high-manganese cast steel with an austenitic matrix, i.e. GX120Mn13 and GX120MnCr18-2, are presented. The examinations of the cast steel microstructure have revealed that the matrix of the GX120MnCr18-2 cast steel contains the precipitates of complex carbides enriched in Cr and Mn with two different morphologies. The presence of these precipitates leads to an increase in hardness by approx. 30 HB compared to the GX120Mn13 cast steel. Samples cut out from the tested materials were loaded (10 strokes) with an energy of 53 J, and then a ball-on-disc tribological test was performed. The test was carried out in reciprocating motion under technically dry friction conditions. While analyzing the obtained results of the microstructure, hardness, and abrasion tests, it was found that the presence of the hard carbide precipitates in the plastic matrix of the tested GX120MnCr18-2 cast steel promoted an increase in hardness, but also led to chipping of these particles from the alloy matrix, thus contributing to micro-cutting during friction.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2021, 21, 4; 67-76
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Cast High-Manganese Steel – the Effect of Microstructure on Abrasive Wear Behaviour in Miller Test
    Autorzy:
    Kalandyk, B.
    Tęcza, G.
    Zapała, R.
    Sobula, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/383241.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    austenite
    high-manganese steel
    microstructure
    abrasive wear resistance
    Miller slurry machine test
    austenit
    stal wysokomanganowa
    mikrostruktura
    odporność na ścieranie
    test Millera
    Opis:
    The results of the modification of austenitic matrix in cast high-manganese steel containing 11÷19% Mn with additions of Cr, Ni and Ti were discussed. The introduction of carbide-forming alloying elements to this cast steel leads to the formation in matrix of stable complex carbide phases, which effectively increase the abrasive wear resistance in a mixture of SiC and water. The starting material used in tests was a cast Hadfield steel containing 11% Mn and 1.34% C. The results presented in the article show significant improvement in abrasive wear resistance and hardness owing to the structure modification with additions of Cr and Ti.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 2; 35-38
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Impact Strength of Austenitic and Ferritic-Austenitic Cr-Ni Stainless Cast Steel in -40 and +20°C Temperature
    Udarność kwasoospornego staliwa Cr-Ni w temperaturze -40 i +20°C
    Autorzy:
    Kalandyk, B.
    Zapała, R.
    Boroń, Ł.
    Solecka, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353749.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    stainless cast steel
    microstructure
    impact strength
    fractographic examination
    staliwo nierdzewne
    mikrostruktura
    odporność na uderzenia
    udarność
    Opis:
    Studies described in this paper relate to common grades of cast corrosion resistant Cr-Ni steel with different matrix. The test materials were subjected to heat treatment, which consisted in the solution annealing at 1060°C followed by cooling in water. The conducted investigations, besides the microstructural characteristics of selected cast steel grades, included the evaluation of hardness, toughness (at a temperature of -40 and +20°C) and type of fracture obtained after breaking the specimens on a Charpy impact testing machine. Based on the results of the measured volume fraction of ferrite, it has been found that the content of this phase in cast austenitic steel is 1.9%, while in the two-phase ferritic-austenitic grades it ranges from 50 to 58%. It has been demonstrated that within the scope of conducted studies, the cast steel of an austenitic structure is characterised by higher impact strength than the two-phase ferritic-austenitic (F-A) grade. The changing appearance of the fractures of the specimens reflected the impact strength values obtained in the tested materials. Fractures of the cast austenitic Cr-Ni steel obtained in these studies were of a ductile character, while fractures of the cast ferritic-austenitic grade were mostly of a mixed character with the predominance of brittle phase and well visible cleavage planes.
    Zaprezentowane w artykule badania dotyczą popularnych gatunków kwasoodpornego staliwa Cr-Ni o różnej osnowie. Zastosowane do badań materiały poddano obróbce cieplnej (przesycanie w temperaturze 1060°C i chłodzenie w wodzie). Przeprowadzone badania oprócz charakterystyki mikrostruktury wybranych gatunków staliwa obejmowały ocenę twardości, udarności (w temperaturze -40 i +20°C) oraz charakteru przełomów uzyskanych w wyniku złamania próbek na młocie Charpie'go. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników udziału objętościowego ferrytu stwierdzono, że w staliwie austenitycznym występuje 1.9% tej fazy, natomiast w dwóch staliwach ferrytyczno-austenitycznych (F-A) udział ferrytu mieścił się w przedziale 50÷58%. Wykazano, że staliwo o strukturze austenitycznej charakteryzuje się wyższą udarnością w porównaniu do dwufazowego staliwa ferrytyczno-austenitycznego (F-A). Zmiany jakie zaszły w charakterze przełomów próbek były odzwierciedleniem uzyskanych wyników udarności badanych materiałów. W zakresie przeprowadzonych badań przełomy austenitycznego staliwa Cr-Ni wykazują charakter ciągliwo-kruchy, a przełomy staliwa F-A są przeważnie przełomami o charakterze mieszanym z przewagą przełomu kruchego z widocznymi płaszczyznami łupliwości.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2014, 59, 3; 1103-1106
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High-Alloyed 23Cr-5Mn-2Ni-3Mo Cast Steel
    Mikrostruktura i właściwości mechaniczne wysokostopowego staliwa 23Cr-5Mn-2Ni-3Mo
    Autorzy:
    Kalandyk, B.
    Zapała, R.
    Kasińska, J.
    Wróbel, M.
    Balicki, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356347.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    duplex stainless cast steels
    microstructure
    solution annealing
    mechanical properties
    staliwo typu duplex
    mikrostruktura
    roztwór do wyżarzania
    właściwości mechaniczne
    Opis:
    The article presents the microstructure and mechanical properties of cast duplex stainless steel type 23Cr-5Mn-2Ni-3Mo. It has been shown that the structure of the tested cast steel is composed of ferrite enriched in Cr, Mo and Si, and austenite enriched in Mn and Ni. In the initial state, at the interface, precipitates rich in Cr and Mo were present. A high carbon content (0.08%C) in this cast steel indicates that probably those were complex carbides of the M23C6 type and/or σ phase. Studies have proved that the solution annealing conducted at 1060°C was not sufficient for their full dissolution, while at the solutioning temperature of 1150°C, the structure of the tested material was composed of ferrite and austenite. Partial replacement of Ni by two other austenite-forming elements, which are Mn and N, has ensured obtaining mechanical properties comparable to cast duplex 24Cr-5Ni-3Mo steel of the second generation. Basing on the results of static tensile test, a twice higher yield strength was proved to be obtained, compared to the cast austenitic 18Cr-9Ni and 19Cr-11Ni-2Mo steel commonly used in the foundry industry. In addition to the high yield strength (YS = 547 ÷ 572 MPa), the tested cast steel was characterized by the following mechanical properties: UTS = 731 ÷ 750 MPa, EL = 21 ÷ 29.5%, R.A. = 43 ÷ 52%, hardness 256 ÷ 266 HB. Fractures formed in mechanical tests showed ductile-brittle character.
    W artykule przedstawiono mikrostrukturę i właściwości mechaniczne, kwasoodpornego staliwa ferrytyczno - austenitycznego 23Cr-5Mn-2Ni-3Mo typu duplex. Wykazano, że struktura badanego staliwa składa się z ferrytu δ wzbogaconego w C r, Mo i S i oraz austenitu wzbogaconego w Mn i Ni. W stanie wyjściowym na granicy międzyfazowej występują wydzielenia wzbogacone w C r i Mo. Wysoka zawartość C (0.08%) w tym staliwie wskazuje, że prawdopodobnie są to złożone węgliki M23C6 i/lub faza σ. Wykazano, że temperatura przesycania 1060°C nie jest wystarczająca do ich całkowitego rozpuszczenia. Natomiast w temperaturze przesycania 1150°C struktura badanego materiału składa się z ferrytu i austenitu. Częściowe zastąpienie Ni przez dwa inne pierwiastki austenitotwórcze jakimi są Mn i N zapewniło uzyskanie porównywalnych właściwości mechanicznych do staliwa duplex 24Cr-5Ni-3Mo drugiej generacji. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej statycznej próby rozciągania wykazano dwukrotnie wyższą granicę plastyczności w porównaniu do często stosowanego w przemyśle odlewniczym austenitycznego staliwa 18Cr-9Ni i 19Cr-11Ni-2Mo. Poza wysoką granicą plastyczności (Rp0,2 = 547 ÷ 572 MPa), badane staliwo charakteryzowało się następującymi właściwościami mechanicznymi: Rm = 731 ÷ 750 MPa, As = 21 ÷ 29,5%, Z = 43 ÷ 52%, HB = 256 ÷ 266. Przełomy po badaniach wytrzymałościowych wykazywały charakter ciagliwo-kruchy.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2015, 60, 4; 2529-2534
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Microstructure Examinations in Corners of the Low-Carbon Steel Slabs from Continuos Caster Machine
    Autorzy:
    Kwinta, G.
    Kara, S.
    Kalandyk, B.
    Zapała, R.
    Pałka, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351069.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    API 5L line pipe steels
    low-carbon micro alloyed steel
    microstructure
    non-metallic inclusion
    Opis:
    The exposed selvedge layers in slabs cast by the continuous process should be free from surface defects, which in most cases appear in the form of cracks on the casting surface and run to its interior. In addition to the parameters of the casting process, the occurrence of such defects depends on the chemical composition of cast steel, on the segregation of surface active elements and formation of the precipitates of carbides, nitrides and other phases. Due to the frequent occurrence of defects in corners of the slabs, non-destructive testing was performed on the mechanically cleaned surfaces of slabs. The test material was low-carbon API(American Petroleum Institute API 5L standard) steel micro alloyed with Nb and Ti designed for the production of pipes to handle gas, oil and other liquid and gaseous fuels. Despite the use of different methods of inspection, i.e. ultrasonic, magnetic particle and penetrant, cracks were not traced in the examined material. Then, from the corners of the examined slabs, specimens were cut out for metallographic examinations. The main purpose of these examinations was to disclose the presence of possible cracks and micro cracks on the surfaces transversal and longitudinal to the direction of casting. At the same time, studies were conducted to establish the number and morphology of non-metallic inclusions in selvedge layers of the slab corners and axis. Additionally, hardness of the slabs was measured. The conducted studies revealed only some minor differences in the slab hardness along its axis (130 ÷ 135 HB) and in selvedge layers (120 ÷ 123 HB).
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 4; 2051-2056
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Innovation technology for the production of massive slag ladles at the Krakodlew S.A. Foundry. Presentation of design works on research and development
    Autorzy:
    Paszkiewicz, M.
    Guzik, E.
    Kopyciński, D.
    Kalandyk, B.
    Burbelko, A.
    Gurgul, D.
    Sobula, S.
    Ziółko, A.
    Piotrowski, K.
    Bednarczyk, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1840919.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    slag ladles
    ductile cast iron
    cast steel
    large castings
    massive castings
    kadzie żużlowe
    żeliwo sferoidalne
    staliwo
    odlewy wielkogabarytowe
    Opis:
    This article is a description of the progress of research and development in the area of massive large-scale castings - slag ladles implemented in cooperation with the Faculty of Foundry Engineering of UST in Krakow. Slag ladles are the one of the major castings that has been developed by the Krakodlew (massive castings foundry) for many years. Quality requirements are constantly increasing in relation to the slag ladles. Slag ladles are an integral tool in the logistics of enterprises in the metallurgical industry in the process of well-organized slag management and other by-products and input materials. The need to increase the volume of slag ladles is still growing. Metallurgical production is expected to be achieved in Poland by 2022 at the level of 9.4 million Mg/year for the baseline scenario - 2016 - 9 million Mg/year. This article describes the research work carried out to date in the field of technology for the production of massive slag ladles of ductile cast iron and cast steel.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2020, 20, 4; 67-71
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Nurses’ generalized self-efficacy in relation to their workplace
    Autorzy:
    Kalandyk, H.
    Penar-Zadarko, B.
    Krajewska-Kułak, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1917819.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku
    Tematy:
    Nurses
    work
    self-efficacy
    Opis:
    Introduction: Self-efficacy in nurses appears to be of great importance, and is one of the indicators of behaviour Purpose: Nurses’ self-assessment of their generalized self-efficacy in relation to their workplace. Material and methods: The study involved random sample of 570 nurses. A diagnostic survey was carried out using the standardized Generalized SelfEfficacy Scale (GSES). Results: The average value of self-efficacy amounted to 29.3±30. Among the respondents, 56.8% represented category of “high efficacy”, whereas others were of “average efficacy” (32.3%) and “low efficacy” (10.9%). The overall assessment of the nursing profession was higher in participants who presented higher values on GSES scale (R=0.12). The average general level of satisfaction in terms of 20 aspects of professional work was connected with self-efficacy which proved statistically significant. Analysis of self-efficacy score did not indicate statistically significant differences among workplaces. Conclusion: Over half of the participants represented the category of “high efficacy”. The group of nurses employed in district hospitals presented the least instances of low self-efficacy assessment. Individuals who were satisfied with their nursing professional development opportunities had a higher self-efficacy. The higher the perception of self-efficacy, the higher the workplace satisfaction. The average level of satisfaction resulting from various aspects of nursing profession depended on the perception of selfefficacy in the following areas of assessment: professional development opportunity, decisionmaking autonomy, sense of purpose at work, and, to a lesser extent, occupational safety, maintaining work-life balance, and the possibility of communicating with people.
    Źródło:
    Progress in Health Sciences; 2016, 6(2); 92-99
    2083-1617
    Pojawia się w:
    Progress in Health Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Perception of the psychosocial working conditions in a group of nurses working in hospitals and primary health care
    Autorzy:
    Kalandyk, H.
    Penar-Zadarko, B.
    Krajewska-Kułak, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1918303.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku
    Tematy:
    Nurse
    place of work
    psychosocial conditions
    Opis:
    Introduction: In the nurses group, it is required to have great psychosocial skills, guaranteeing the high quality of professional services. Purpose: To assess the psychosocial working conditions of nurses, depending on their place of employment. Material and methods: The study involved 570 randomly selected nurses. It was based on a diagnostic survey using a standardised questionnaire of Psychosocial Working Conditions (PWC). Results: Correlation factors between the overall and average level of satisfaction with the work were quite high – exceed 0.30 and even 0.40. The greater was the need for change, the lower was the job satisfaction. High sense of self-control at work, social support, or wellbeing was linked with better ratings. Psychophysical requirements were assessed as the worst, and the least frequent were the additional requirements resulting from the conflict nature of the job and overload. Nurses from voivodeship hospitals rated their work lower in the category of intellectual demands, and nurses from the Primary Health Care - in the category of requirements resulting from the conflict nature of the job and overload. Behavioural control and the need for change were different for PHC and the other two hospitals. Psychological wellbeing in district hospitals was worse than in the other two types of medical institutions. Conclusions: The larger was the sense of work control, or sense of social support, the higher was the job satisfaction. The higher the level of requirements and the need for change, the lower was the satisfaction of the assessed aspects of work. There were clear differences in the assessment of the psychosocial working conditions of nurses from hospitals and nurses from PHC.
    Źródło:
    Progress in Health Sciences; 2016, 6(2); 100-108
    2083-1617
    Pojawia się w:
    Progress in Health Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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