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Tytuł:
Intuicja i spekulacja
Intuition and Speculation
Autorzy:
Judycki, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2015659.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
idealizm
mistyka
doświadczenie wewnętrzne
intuicja
idealism
mysticism
internal experience
intuition
Opis:
The paper deals with the nature of internal experience. The views on this subject appear in I. Kant, J.G. Fichte, E. Husserl, and K. Rahner. The author seeks to prove that internal experience is an intuitive experience in which the subject presents to himself or herself in the so-called intellectual inspection (intellektuelle Anschaung). The subject has the feature of atemporality (nunc status) and is capable of transcending each content while preserving its identity. „Speculation” means reflection: the structure of the person of God is reflected in internal experience. He is semper stans. These views are compared with the standpoint of fourteenth-century mystics (J. Eckhart, J. Tauler, H. Suzo) about the so-called ground of the soul (Seelengrund).
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2004, 52, 2; 227-239
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Znaczenie introspekcyjne: metafizyczne aspekty semantyki
Introspective Meaning: Metaphysical Aspects of Semantics
Autorzy:
Judycki, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2015850.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
semantyka
znaczenie
umysł
introspekcja
semantics
meaning
mind
introspection
Opis:
Mental meaning (mental contents) is not a particular kind of object, but it is the way a conscious human mind works. By `meaning' the author understands here both the extralinguistic meaning (perceptive, imaginary, etc.) and the so-called linguistic meaning. In both these senses meaning has the following properties: it is translinguistic, general, abstract, regularly interrelated, subject to modifications (extending, complementing and erasing its components), subject to schematization, it may be transferred to various physical foundations, it may be illustrated, it is directly accessible in introspection and accessible for many subjects (intersubjective). When approached negatively, meaning as a way of functioning of a conscious human mind cannot be identified with a physical sign (be it in the sense of specimen, or in the sense of type). It is neither an ideal object, nor a real one. Also, it is no kind of a perception stereotype. It is not an idea associated with a word, if idea is understood as either an image or a visual schema. Mental meaning is not a communication meaning, as the speaker may modify the meanings he found as existing ones, but he cannot create them. The author considers the following theories of meaning as insufficient: the theory, according to which meaning is an idea associated with the word and the theories saying that meaning may be identified with the conditions of truthfulness, the way phrases are used in colloquial language, or with communication meaning. Meaning is also not explained by such theories as semantics of conceptual roles, causal-historical theories, causal and teleological theories. Plato's theory saying that existence of mental meaning in the mind consists in exemplification in the mind of ideally existing properties is considered a correct one that explains mental meaning. The source of meaning in the mind is existence of ideal qualities outside the mind. A correct solution to the problem of the nature and origin of meaning may also be Aristotle's theory of obstraction, according to which the mind, beginning with individual objects and their properties, formulates meantal contents (meaning). Both these theories have to assume that the mind is also capable of performing the operation of transformation that converts properties existing (in a real or ideal way) outside the mind into a peculiarly mental mode of existence. In the case of Aristotle's theory this transformation consists in dematerialization, whereas in the case of Plato's theory transformation is tantamount to converting an ideal being into a mental existence. Additionally, the author suggests that in order to explain the intersubjective character of meaning one has to refer to a form of metaphysical harmonization of particular minds' action. From the semantic way of acting of the human mind one may also make inferences concerning its way of existence. Translinguisticallity, generality, abstraction and other features of human semantic consciousness allow the statement that functioning of human mind does not consist in purely material actions. This immaterial character, however, does not have to be understood as a thesis about the existence of some mysterious `spiritual material' of which human mind is made. It seems that immateriality has to be interpreted as radical extra-materiality.
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2003, 51, 1; 5-52
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bóg i uniwersalia
God and universals
Autorzy:
Judycki, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1591888.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
God
universals
Platonism
realism
conceptualism
nominalism
Bóg
uniwersalia
platonizm
realizm
konceptualizm
nominalizm
Opis:
W pierwszych dwóch częściach artykułu przedstawione są motywacje prowadzące do akceptacji istnienia uniwersaliów, jak również ich rodzaje. Dalej zostają wyróżnione cztery zasadnicze stanowiska w tzw. sporze o uniwersalia: realizm pojęciowy (platonizm), umiarkowany realizm pojęciowy, czyli rozwiązanie arystotelesowskie, konceptualizm i nominalizm (w różnych wersjach). W dalszych częściach artykułu przedstawiona jest krytyka rozwiązań nominalistycznych, arystotelesowskich i konceptualistycznych. Na tym tle autor argumentuje na rzecz teistycznego realizmu pojęciowego, ukazując, w jaki sposób należy zinterpretować relację pomiędzy ludzką świadomością semantyczną a uniwersaliami istniejącymi w umyśle Boga. W tym kontekście zostają wzięte pod uwagę zagadnienia dotyczące pojęć ewolucji kosmicznej i biologicznej oraz pojęcia stworzenia świata.
The first two parts of the article discuss the motivations leading to acceptance of the existence of universals, as well as their types. Four main positions in the so-called the dispute about universals are presented: conceptual realism (Platonism), moderate conceptual realism, i.e. the Aristotelian solution, conceptualism and nominalism (in various versions). Further parts of the article present a critique of nominalist, Aristotelian and conceptual solutions. Against this background, the author argues in favor of theistic conceptual realism, showing how to interpret the relationship between human semantic consciousness and universals existing in God’s mind. In this context, issues related to the concepts of cosmic and biological evolution and the concept of creation are taken into account.
Źródło:
Colloquia Theologica Ottoniana; 2019, 2; 7-34
1731-0555
2353-2998
Pojawia się w:
Colloquia Theologica Ottoniana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wolna wola i idea Sądu Ostatecznego
Free Will and the Idea of the Last Judgement
Autorzy:
JUDYCKI, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/488401.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-20
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
wolna wola
zło i dobro moralne
Sąd Ostateczny
eschatologia chrześcijańska
free will
moral good and moral evil
Last Judgement
Christian eschatology
Opis:
W artykule jego autor stara się wykazać, że jeśli istnieje wolna wola, której efektami są dobro lub zło, to musi istnieć również i Sąd Ostateczny, gdyż musi istnieć odpowiednie rozliczenie uczynionego dobra lub zła. Istnienie wolnej woli, mogącej wytwarzać dobro i zło, byłoby czymś całkowicie anomalnym i bezcelowym, gdyby nie istniał Sąd Ostateczny, a w świecie, jak widzimy, nie ma rzeczy bezcelowych. Uzasadniana jest także zależność odwrotna: jeśli w dziejach kultur ludzkich, w dziejach systemów religijnych, od bardzo dawnych czasów, przynajmniej od starożytnego Egiptu, funkcjonuje przekonanie o sądzie, któremu podlegają osoby umierające, to taki sąd ma sens tylko wtedy, gdy osoby te posiadały wolną wolę w czynieniu dobra lub zła. W ten sposób idea Sądu Ostatecznego wspiera przekonanie, że istnieje wolna wola.
In his article, the author seeks to demonstrate that if there is a free will that results in good or evil, there must also be a Last Judgment, as there must be a proper settlement of the good or evil done. The existence of free will, which can produce good and evil, would be completely anomalous and pointless if there were no Last Judgment, and there are no pointless things in the world as we see it. The converse is also justified: if in the history of human cultures—in the history of religious systems since ancient times, at least from ancient Egypt—there is a belief in a court to which dying persons are subject, such a judgment only makes sense when people have free will to do good or evil. Thus, the idea of the Last Judgment supports the belief that free will exists.
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2017, 65, 4; 137-149
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
God’s Insurmountable Will and the Mystery of the Freedom of Created Beings: Comments on the book Opatrzność Boża, wolność, przypadek by Dariusz Łukasiewicz
Nieprzezwyciężona wola Boga i tajemnica wolności stworzonych bytów. Komentarz do książki Opatrzność Boża, wolność, przypadek Dariusza Łukasiewicza
Autorzy:
Judycki, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1791041.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-10-01
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
teologia filozoficzna
wolna wola
determinizm
wiedza o sobie
philosophical theology
free will
determinism
self-knowledge
Opis:
Artykuł jest komentarzem do książki Dariusza Łukasiewicza Opatrzność Boża, wolność, przypadek. Zasadniczą jego tezą jest to, że nie istnieje wolność ludzka jako nie-kauzalny generator wolnych aktów. Prawdziwej wolności doświadczymy tylko w życiu wiecznym, a stanie się ona dla nas czymś realnym dopiero wtedy, gdy zostanie nam ujawniona nasza indywidualna istota. Życie wieczne polegać będzie, między innymi, na ujrzeniu, w jaki sposób wszystkie nasze działania wypływają z naszej indywidualnej istoty.
This article is a commentary on Opatrzność Boża, wolność, przypadek by Dariusz Łukasiewicz. The main thesis is that freedom in the sense of a non-causal free-act generator does not exist. We will experience freedom, true freedom, only in eternal life, and it will become real only when our individual essence is revealed to us. Eternal life will consist, among other things, in being able to see how all our actions flow from our individual essence
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2020, 68, 3; 137-147
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Descartes, Kant, and Swinburne on Human Soul
Autorzy:
Judycki, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1791258.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-18
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
soul
synthetic a priori knowledge
Kant
empirical and intelligible character
Opis:
This paper addresses two issues in Richard Swinburne’s book Are We Bodies or Souls? I interpret Swinburne’s modal argument as an example of a priori synthetic knowledge. Swinburne’s thesis that every person possesses “thisness” is compared with Kant’s distinction between the empirical character and the intelligible character.
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2021, 69, 1; 45-56
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kantowska teoria umysłu
Kantian Theory of Mind
Autorzy:
Judycki, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1917759.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-11-16
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Opis:
Kant has not presented a separate discussion dealing with the nature of mind in the Critic of Pure Reason. The paper seeks to reconstruct the main elements of Kant’s theory on that, leaving to the side broader epistemological and metaphysical issues with which it is usually connected. First the author discussed the most important concepts characteristic of Kantian approach to the nature of mind: the concept of empirical and transcendental apperception, and the concept of synthesis. The main part of the paper analyses Kant’s arguments against the fallacies in reasoning (paralogisms) of so-called rational psychology. The following errors have been discussed here: paralogism of substantiality, noncomplexity and personality. The author has formulated objections to each of Kant’s arguments against a possibility of proof for the existence of substantial, immaterial and indestructible human soul. Further part of the paper is devoted to the nature of the so-called noumenal object. Two interpretations of Kant’s standpoints have been given here, ie his so-called official standpoint, according to which the subject of apperception is identical to the noumenal object, and his standpoint from the Paralogisms, wherein Kant claimed that apperception is only a consciousness of the very activity of thinking, and not a consciousness of the noumenal subject. In this context the author discusses P. F. Strawson’s criticism of Kantian theory of atemporal subject. The last part is devoted to the relationship between Kantian theory of mind and some current standpoints in contemporary philosophy of mind. The author considers the question whether Kant can be regarded as a protofunctionalist and whether his theory of mind can be reconciled with materialism.
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 1997, 45, 1; 35-60
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Andrew Brook, Kant and the Mind
Autorzy:
Judycki, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1918577.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-11-16
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 1996, 44, 1; 177-181
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Twardy” problem realizmu metafizycznego i współczesny antyrealizm
The “Hard” Problem of Metaphysical Realism and Contemporary Anti- Realism
Autorzy:
Judycki, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2013061.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
realizm
idealizm
antyrealizm
partycypacja
zasada immanencji
dowód ontologiczny
realism
idealism
anti-realism
participation
principle of immanence
ontological proof
Opis:
The aim of the article is to consider the problem of metaphysical realism that is defined as the thesis that there are objects that are independent of human consciousness. The problem was not solved by I. Kant, since he assumed, without a justification, that there are objects (“things in themselves”) that are the causes of human mental states. The author interprets the problem of metaphysical realism in the context of the so-called principle of immanence (“principle of consciousness”), according to which every entity (object) may be treated exclusively as a correlate of consciousness. The principle of immanence is the cause why even causal relations have to be treated as only certain data for the consciousness, and hence they may not be referred to by asserting that there is a factor that is the cause of states of human consciousness. Contemporary anti-realism, as the so-called conceptual realism, does not consider the problem of metaphysical realism in the context of the principle of immanence, and hence it is not a part of the traditional dispute on the existence of the (external) world. The author sees the solution to the problem of metaphysical realism in combining two arguments: in the reference to the ontological proof, which – via God’s veracity – is to “lead outside” the immanence of consciousness, and in the reference to the concept of participation in such a way that the human mind participates in God and it is Him that is the real entity (ens realissimum) that is referred to by the dispute about the existence of the world and the problem of metaphysical realism.
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2009, 57, 1; 49-74
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cztery motywy idealizmu Kanta i ich krytyka
Four Motives of Kant’s Idealism and their Criticism
Autorzy:
Judycki, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2013207.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Kant
metafizyka
idealizm
wiedza a priori
metaphysics
a priori knowledge
Opis:
The paper presents some principal motives that made I. Kant take the position of transcendental idealism. They are the following: the question of a priori synthetic judgements, the question of the cognitive and ontic status of space and time, the problem of the constitution of the phenomenal world, and the problem of the objectivity of empirical judgments (the so-called transcendental deduction). In relation to Kant’s solutions some objections have been formulated and a thesis that neither separately nor in combination can the main four motives be treated as conditions sufficient for idealism and agnosticism. The author also seeks to show the relationship between transcendental idealism and Kant’s belief of the impossibility to solve the “great” metaphysical problems, therefore the problem of the existence of God, soul, and freedom.
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2008, 56, 1; 123-140
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Co wiemy o istocie dobra?
What Do We Know about Good?
Autorzy:
Judycki, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2013338.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
dobro
wola
doskonałość
Bóg
problem zła
good
will
perfection
God
problem of evil
Opis:
The author claims that neither utility, nor perfection of any object can constitute the essence of good. Utility is the so-called relational attribute, therefore it is variable, and the objects perfect with regard to some respect can be used for bad purposes. Moral virtues also cannot express the essence of good, for their positive character is defined by the fact that they are good. With respect to the scholastic formulation ens et bonum convertuntur, the author says that existence itself, even of the objects perfect to a certain extent, is not good because in the concept of ens scholastics meant the being which is God, and the remaining objects are good inasmuch as they come from God. The scholastic tradition called God good because He created everything according to His good will. Here the author discusses the problem of the universal axiological illusion in the context of the absolute power of God (potestas absoluta). The so-called teleological definition of good (bonum est quod omnia appetunt) is thought to be insufficient, just like the definition that bonum est diffusivum sui. The objection to the first conception says that it understands “good” as an entirely static state of things. In this state all potentialities of an object gain their fulfilment. The second objection, in the spirit of Plotinus’ emanationism, is criticised because it sees good as giving of itself, in which the emanating factor does not participate in its creation. Drawing on some strains of scholastic philosophy and I. Kant, the author formulates a thesis that the essence of good is good will and that God can be called good only then when by creating the world He descends in it (descensio). The God of religion and Christian philosophy fulfils the conditions that determine the essence of good. This is confirmed by the Persons of the Holy Trinity who mutually give Themselves, the creation of finite persons, and the Incarnation. Addressing the problem of evil, the author claims that the only bad thing in the world is bad will. Accordingly, suffering and the so-called natural evil is not evil and the acts of bad will were allowed by God, for otherwise no finite person could know what bad will consists in.
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2007, 55, 2; 21-41
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zagadka naturalizmu
The Puzzle of Naturalism
Autorzy:
Judycki, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2015793.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
naturalizm
epistemologia
filozofia umysłu
teizm
naturalism
epistemology
philosophy of the mind
theism
Opis:
Naturalism is a philosophical doctrine assuming that all that exists is natural, that is, that there are no spiritual realities, no purely spiritual substances, no supernatural beings, transcendent in relation to the world. In epistemology it is said that no correct and convincing arguments can be formulated for existence of this kind of objects. The general thesis of naturalism is concerned with a discussion on theism and atheism, a discussion on the ontological status of the human mind, a discussion coming from the area of philosophy of biology, from the area of ethics and axiology, and even a discussion of the issue of how the objects of formal sciences exist. Naturalism is rather a conclusion from accumulation of arguments from various branches of knowledge than a self-dependent philosophical conviction. In the course of the considerations the following issues will be dealt with: historical background of naturalism, ontological and methodological naturalism, naturalism in axiology, epistemology, in social sciences and philosophy of the mind, relations between naturalism and physicalism, materialism, emergentism and functionalism. Opponents of naturalism usually try to show that within one or another branch of knowledge naturalism cannot be maintained, and on this basis they assume that naturalism as awhole is false. In the present considerations a different method of anti-naturalist argumentation has been used, namely, a fictitious thesis has been accepted, that as result of future development of scientific knowledge naturalism in all the branches will be considered as a convincing point of view and will be generally accepted. The phrase „puzzle of naturalism” used in the title is supposed to suggest that even in such a situation the general thesis of naturalism will not result from acceptance of particular naturalisms in all branches of knowledge. In other words, conceivable complete explanative successes achieved in particular branches of knowledge will not give the right to draw a general naturalistic conclusion. Hence the thesis of auniversal naturalism will remain puzzling.
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2003, 51, 3; 19-39
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O klasycznym pojęciu prawdy
On the classical concept of truth
Autorzy:
Judycki, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2016132.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
epistemologia
logika
prawda
sceptycyzm
antyrealizm
pragmatyzm
koherencjonizm
epistemology
logic
truth
scepticism
anti-realism
pragmatism
coherentionism
Opis:
The article presents the state of contemporary debate on the three fundamental theories of truth: classical (correspondence), coherentionist and pragmatist ones. Also A. Tarski’s conception o f truth, D. Davidson’s views on truth and the so-called deflationist conceptions are discussed. The author tries to show what relations occur between the pre-theoretical understanding o f the concept of truth and the classical concept of truth. Also the relation between the nature of truth and philosophical scepticism is discussed as well as the question: do sciences and technologies based on them need the classical concept of truth in order to account for the explanatory, prognostic and technological success they achieve. The article also discusses the position of the so-called anti-realism postulating replacing the concept of truth with e.g. the concept of ideal verification or the concept of objectivity. The opposition is considered between fundationalism and coherentionism and in this context the author tries to formulate an answer to the question of what the debate on the criterion of truth is concerned with. The conclusions drawn from all these considerations are the following. Despite the various attempts at discrediting or rejecting it the classical concept of truth is in a good theoretical condition. All sceptical positions have to assume this concept in one or another way; also no semantic programmes presented up to now (A. Tarski, D. Davidson) have been able to eliminate the classical concept of truth. Science and technology assume both the concept of truth in the classical sense and the characteristics that are connected with it. The classical understanding o f truth should be then recognised as one that cannot be eliminated from our conceptual paradigm we use to think about the world. The article is concluded with considerations on the metaphysical background of the classical concept of truth. The author formulates the thesis that there is a close relationship between the classical conception of truth and the position taken by metaphysical rationalism. In this context R. Descartes', G. W. Leibniz’s and I. Kant’s vies are discussed.
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2001, 49, 1; 25-62
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Epistemologia XX wieku: Przegląd stanowisk
Twentieth-century Epistemology: A Review of Standpoints
Autorzy:
Judycki, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2106963.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Opis:
The paper seeks to make a review of the main standpoints and trends in the epistemology of the twentieth century. First, the problems of philosophical epistemology are discussed in the way as it is presented in the handbooks and monographs published in the 1980s and 1990s on philosophical epistemology. Then the three main currents of 20th-century epistemology have been distinguished: 1) the scientistic current in which the tasks of philosophical epistemology is to examine the grounds of scientific knowledge: here we find neo-Kantism and neopositivism; 2) the antiscientistic trend represented by phenomenology and neoscholasticism; 3) the philosophical trends which undermine a possibility for a purely rational relationship subject object by highlighting the non-rational factors which determine that relationship, e.g. social, historical, vital-psychological and other factors. Here we find the epistemology of Marxism and neo-Marxism, views on knowledge as regards hermeneutics, existentialists, personalists, the socalled philosophy of life. The analytic philosophy of knowledge after the Second World War and so-called naturalized theory of knowledge have been analyzed separately. The discussion takes into consideration, among other things, the following standpoints of: H. Cohen, E. Cassirer, E. Husserl, W. V. O. Quine, J. Habermas, J. Derrida, R. Rorty, L. Wittgenstein, and some main problems of contemporary epistemology: fundationalism, coherentionism, skepticism, internalism-externalism, issues concerning truth, realism and antirealism. Some broader epistemological consequences of the influential standpoints as regards the philosophy of science have been discussed here: K. Popper, T. S. Kuhn and P. K. Feyerabend. Finally, the author seeks to make a diagnosis concerning some possible directions of the development of epistemology in the twenty-first century.
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 1999, 46-47, 1; 5-67
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Odwrócone spektrum aksjologiczne, dobro po prostu i podstawy moralności
Inverted Axiological Spectrum, Simply Good, and the Foundations of Morality
Autorzy:
Judycki, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31232717.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
moral good and evil
inverted axiological spectrum
justification of morality
relativism
dobro i zło moralne
odwrócone spektrum aksjologiczne
uzasadnienie moralności
relatywizm
Opis:
Artykuł składa się z trzech części. W pierwszej części pod uwagę brana jest możliwość, że ludzie, a być może także wszystkie inne skończone podmioty poznające, które dysponują zdolnością do formułowania ocen moralnych, podlegają uniwersalnemu złudzeniu co do hierarchizacji wartości moralnych, według których działają, a więc że mają odwrócone spektrum aksjologiczne. W części drugiej jest uzasadniana teza, że jedynym środkiem, pozwalającym wykluczyć możliwość podlegania radykalnej iluzji aksjologicznej przez skończone podmioty poznające, jest odwołanie się do metafizycznego pojęcia Boga, rozumianego jako pojęcie istoty najdoskonalszej, i do Jego wiedzy na temat tego, co jest dobre, a co jest złe. Kwestia istnienia Boga oraz wskazanie, w jaki sposób należałoby religijnie konkretyzować pojęcie Boga, nie są podejmowane. Do przeprowadzenia prezentowanej w artykule argumentacji wystarczy, że Bóg będzie rozumiany jako osoba dysponująca atrybutem wszechwiedzy. Część trzecia jest poświęcona uwagom na temat relatywizmu moralnego, zagadnieniu tzw. dylematów moralnych oraz pojęciu istoty dobra moralnego.
The article consists of three parts. In the first part, the possibility is taken into account that people, and perhaps also all other finite epistemic subjects that have the ability to formulate moral judgments, are subject to the universal illusion regarding the hierarchy of moral values by which they act, so that they have reversed axiological spectrum. In the second part, the thesis is justified that the only means to exclude the possibility of being subjected to a radical axiological illusion by finite epistemic subjects is to refer to the metaphysical concept of God understood as the concept of the most perfect being and to His knowledge about what is good and what is bad. The question of the existence of God and the indication of how the concept of God should be religiously concretized are not discussed. To carry out the argument presented in the article, it is enough that God is understood as a person with the attribute of omniscience and perfect goodness. The third part is devoted to remarks on moral relativism, moral dilemmas and the problem of the essence of moral good.
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2023, 71, 1; 213-229
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 17

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