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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 27
Tytuł:
Jemioła jako zagrożenie dla zdrowotności drzewostanów iglastych
Mistletoe as a threat to the health state of coniferous forest
Autorzy:
Iszkuło, G.
Armatys, L.
Dering, M.
Ksepko, M.
Tomaszewski, D.
Ważna, A.
Giertych, M.J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979023.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
drzewostany iglaste
Viscum album
leśnictwo
zagrożenia drzewostanów
rośliny pasożytnicze
jemioła pospolita
porażenie drzew
występowanie
oddziaływanie na rośliny
parasitic plant
infestation
biotic forest disturbance
Opis:
The forest area infected by mistletoe (Viscum album L.) in Europe has been increasing in recent years. The highest potential threat is posed by Viscum album subsp. austriacum, a parasite of Pinus sylvestris, and V. album subsp. abietis, a parasite of Abies alba. The paper presents a literature review related to biology, ecology and possible methods of limiting the negative impact of mistletoe on forest management. The vast majority of studies indicate that the presence of mistletoe negatively affects the growth as well as defensive and reproductive capabilities of trees. Due to the wasteful water management of the parasite, infected trees are particularly vulnerable to weakening during periods of drought. Mistletoe is a heliophilous taxon and forest breeding treatments should reduce light intensity in the forest canopy. Foresters should resign from leaving individual and group seed trees in forest stands inhabited by mistletoe after the cuts, because they may be a source of seeds for the parasite invasion to the neighboring stands. The most effective method against mistletoe is cutting out the infected trees. However, removal of individual trees in forest stand may be difficult, because the most often they are the dominant and hence the most vulnerable trees in the forest management. Mistletoe is also noticeable when the number of infected trees is already very large and they cannot be removed without disturbing the stability of the forest stand. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop methods for monitoring stands for early detection of threat. Remote sensing methods can be very useful. It is also necessary to develop management strategies with mistletoe infected stands.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2020, 164, 03; 226-236
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Species composition of arthropods on six understory plant species growing in high and low light conditions
Autorzy:
Karolewski, P.
Lukowski, A.
Adamczyk, D.
Zmuda, M.
Giertych, M.J.
Maderek, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2078197.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
Cornus sanguinea
Corylus avellane
Frangula alnus
Prunus padus
Prunus serotine
Sambucus nigra
Opis:
The quality of leaves as food for insects is affected both by plant species and the light conditions present during growth. Little information exists concerning the impact of these factors on the diversity of insects that live in the forest understory. We studied arthropod fauna on six understory plant species commonly occurring in Europe. Different groups of herbivorous insects were identified, as well as predatory insects and arachnids. We analysed the influence of both plant species and light conditions during growth (low light; high light) on the species spectrum, and the number of insect specimens present. The resulting data were investigated in relation to the susceptibility of plant leaves to feeding by folivorous insects, as determined in earlier studies. We compared the similarity in species diversity, based on the Sørensen’s coefficient, and discussed the potential causes of observed differences in leaf damages. We found a total of 153 arthropod taxa on studied plants, under both light conditions. Corylus avellana and Prunus serotina, species characterized by greater leaf damage, have a wider diversity of arthropod species, and a greater number of herbivorous insects. Generally, light conditions had a greater effect on arthropod abundance than on species diversity. For two plant species, C. avellana and P. serotina, light conditions strongly, but reversely, influenced the total number of insects and, thus, the extent of leaf damage. The number and abundance of zoophagous species, and ratio to folivores (except C. avellana) are associated more with plant species than with light conditions
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2020, 84; 58-80
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ jemioły (Viscum album) na jakość nasion sosny zwyczajnej (Pinus sylvestris)
Influence of mistletoe (Viscum album) on the quality of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seeds
Autorzy:
Jasiczek, N.
Giertych, M.J.
Suszka, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/987164.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
Nadlesnictwo Bolewice
drzewostany nasienne
drzewa lesne
sosna zwyczajna
Pinus sylvestris
nasiona
jakosc nasion
kielkowanie nasion
wielkosc szyszek
produkcja nasion
czynniki biotyczne
polpasozyty
jemiola
Viscum album
seed quality
germination
seed production
semiparasite
cone size
Opis:
Mistletoe is semiparasite adversely affecting the functioning of their hosts especially at water management level. So far, there have been no reports about the impact of mistletoe on seeds from any host. The aim of the work was to evaluate the effect of the presence of mistletoe on the quality of the seeds of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Unopened cones from infected and uninfected trees were collected in April 2015 in the Excluded Seed Stand in Bolewice Forest District (52°2354.347N; 16°0501.978E). Measurements of cones and seeds were made. Some seeds were used for pot experiment, where the seedlings were planted from May to October 2015. On the second part of the seeds in the end of July and August germination tests were made. The size and mass of the cones, the number and weight of seeds, and the height and weight of the seedlings were lower for the material collected from the mistletoe trees. The differences were not large but statistically significant (tabs. 1 and 2). The results showed that mistletoe has a negative impact on the parameters of cones, seedlings and seeds quality.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2017, 161, 07; 558-564
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of cutting off distal ends of Quercus robur acorns on seedling growth and their infection by the fungus Erysiphe alphitoides in different light conditions
Autorzy:
Giertych, M.J.
Suszka, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41420.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
oak
pedunculate oak
container nursery
oak powdery mildew
Quercus robur
seedling growth
plant infection
fungi
Erysiphe alphitoides
light condition
phenology
Opis:
Quercus robur seedlings are very often infested by oak powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe alphitoides. This disease attacks primary leaves with high insolation. In our experiment seedling growth in different light conditions was observed. Seedlings were derived from intact seeds or from seeds where the distal ends of acorns were cut off. Acorns were sown in pots at four light conditions (2%, 8% and 30% light transmittance and in full sunlight). For half of the seedlings we reduced the influence of powdery mildew by using a fungicide. Height of seedlings, shoot dry mass and the degree of damage caused by Erysiphe alphitoides were measured. The highest damages were in full light conditions and the lowest in the 30% light treatment. The influence of acorn reduction on powdery mildew infection was not significant (p=0.0763), however, in the full light conditions the seedlings from cut acorns were ca. 30% less damaged. The cutting of acorns also alters the height of seedlings and shoot mass. The tallest seedlings were from cut seeds growing in the 30% light treatment. The influence of the fungicide was lowest in the 30% light treatment where the decrease in damage was only ca. 10%. For nursery practice we can say that oak seedling production from cut off acorns under 30% light transmittance should give the best results of seedling growth even without the fungicide application.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2010, 64
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Participation of Poland in IUFRO studies on Picea abies
Autorzy:
Giertych, M
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41545.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
international conference
Europe
forest ecosystem
plant breeding
tree
Norway spruce
Picea abies
provenance test
Polska
research
International Union of Forest Research Organisations
IUFRO zob.International Union of Forest Research Organisations
Opis:
The paper outlines the history of international provenance experiments on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) conducted in Poland, starting from the first attempt at establishing trials in 1938, which was interrupted by the war. The most important experiments so far have been the IUFRO 1964/68 and IUFRO1972 Inventory Provenance Tests with Norway Spruce.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2009, 61 Supplement
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Early evaluation of open pollinated offspring from Polish seedling seed orchards of Pinus sylvestris L.
Autorzy:
Rozkowski, R
Chalupka, W.
Misiorny, A.
Giertych, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41741.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
Scotch pine
Pinus sylvestris
open-pollinated progeny
quantitative trait
genetic variation
genetic value
seedling
seed orchard
Polska
Opis:
Field trials with open-pollinated progeny of Scots pine were established in 2004 at five climatically different sites of the Polish lowlands. This long-term experiment was aimed to compare the genetic variation and genetic value of the offspring of twenty two seedling seed orchards and two second-generation seed orchard with the offspring of the local so-called economic seed stands, which are the main source of seeds for artificial regeneration of Scots pine in Poland. The early evaluation of quantitative traits of cones, seeds and 1-year-old seedlings attests to remarkable variation between the studied populations. Significant linear correlatios were found between some of the studied traits.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2007, 57; 35-48
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Temperature effects performance of Lymantria dispar larvae feeding on leaves of Quercus robur
Autorzy:
Karolewski, P
Grzebyta, J.
Oleksyn, J.
Giertych, M.J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41435.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
herbivore insect
sex ratio
Lymantria dispar
larva
gypsy moth
feeding
leaf
oak
English oak
Quercus robur
pedunculate oak
temperature
performance
Opis:
Future climatic warming may modifyinsect development, sex ratio, quantitative changes in populations that could affect the frequency of outbreaks. Here we analyzed the influence of temperature on larval growth and development in the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.). The larvae were reared at three constant temperatures: 15, 20 or 25°C, and fed with leaves of the English oak (Quercus robur L.). Larval mortality, duration of development (DD), relative growth rate (RGR), total mass of food eaten (TFE), and pupal mass (PM) were estimated. Larval mortality was lowest at 20°C, higher at 25°C, and highest at 15°C. DD significantly decreased with increasing temperature and depended on sex. The influence of temperature on the shortening of DD was stronger in males than in females. RGR significantly depended on temperature and was the highest at 25°C, and lowest at 15°C. At 15°C, RGR did not change markedly with time. In contrast, RGR at 20°C was characterized bya continuous decreasing trend. At 25°C, RGR was very high for 2 weeks but quickly declined afterwards. Temperature did not affect the TFE. PM was significantly correlated with temperature and sex. PM of females was higher at 20°C than at 15 and 25°C, in contrast to that of males, which was similar at 20 and 25°C, and higher than at 15°C. For larval growth and development, the most favourable was the medium temperature (20°C). The least favourable temperature for females was 25°C, for males 15°C. The results suggest that global warming may modifythe future sex ratio of gypsy moths that may affect insect development and outbreaks.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2007, 58; 43-49
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effects of elevated temperature and fluorine pollution on relations between the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) and oak powdery mildew (Microsphaera alphitoides)
Autorzy:
Grzebyta, J
Karolewski, P.
Zytkowiak, R.
Giertych, M.J.
Werner, A.
Zadworny, M.
Oleksyn, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41557.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
pedunculate oak
Quercus robur
environment pollution
phenol
tannin
lignin
carbohydrate
starch
nitrogen
fluorine
oak powdery mildew
Microsphaera alphitoides
soil pollution
Opis:
Effects of elevated temperature and soil pollution with fluorine on host-pathogen relations were studied in seedlings of the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) inoculated with oak powdery mildew (Microsphaera alphitoides Griff. et Maubl.) and control seedlings. The plants were grown for 1month in elevated temperature (on average by 1.6°C) and soil pollution with sodium fluoride (330 ppm F). The above factors did not have any significant effect on nitrogen content of leaves or on concentrations of metabolites favourable to growth and development of the fungal pathogen (total non-structural carbohydrates, including soluble carbohydrates and starch) and those unfavourable to fungi (soluble phenols, condensed tannins and lignins). The elevated temperature and fluorine pollution did not affect the leaf infection rate. However, a significant temperature × pollution interaction was observed in inoculated seedlings. At the elevated temperature, fluorine caused a less severe infection by powdery mildew. This could be due to a direct toxic effect of fluorine on the pathogen or by an indirect influence, resulting from changes in levels of other metabolites, which were not analysed in this study. The inoculation of oak seedlings with powdery mildew caused a decline in the carbohydrate content of leaves but did not have any significant effect on levels of other analysed metabolites. However, it significantly affected the distribution of phenols and lignins in oak leaves. Those compounds accumulated within necrotic lesions and in adjacent cells. Our results do not enable drawing definite conclusions on effects of a slight rise in temperature and a relatively low level of fluorine pollution of the soil on relations between the pedunculate oak and oak powdery mildew. Lower values of the leaf infection rate in seedlings growing in elevated temperature and fluorine pollution suggest that in warmer years a lower level of infection by M. alphitoides may be expected in areas affected by fluorine pollution.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2005, 53; 27-33
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Early height growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) progenies from Polish clonal seed orchards
Autorzy:
Chmura, D J
Giertych, M.
Rozkowski, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41068.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
Scotch pine
seed stand
Polska
Pinus sylvestris
seed orchard
growth
progeny testing
Opis:
Seed orchards are expected to produce geneticaly improved seeds while maintaining a sufficiently large genetic diversity. Field trials comparing open-pollinated Scots pine progeny from seed orchards and commercial seed stands were established at five climaticaly different sites in Poland. The paper presents first height measurements obtained on trees at age 4. Seedlots differed significantly, but there was no strong evidence of better performance of clonal seed orchards progeny over the progeny of production seed stands. There was no distinct geographical trend in the origin of the best growing seedlots, but populations from the northern part of country tend to perform better than south-eastern ones. Progeny of the local production seed stands at their native environment were not the best, except in one case. A strong site effect reflecting a fertility gradient of the planting sites was found.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2003, 49
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prof.dr.hab.Bolesław Suszka - The Man
Autorzy:
Giertych, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41241.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
biography
dendrology
Suszka Boleslaw biography
woody plant seed
Opis:
Bolesław Suszka arrived in Kórnik in 1951 with his newly wedded wife Janina straight from Kraków where they graduated from the Jagiellon University, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry. Dr. Stefan Białobok (later professor), director of the Institute of Dendrology and Pomology, employed them both, assigning Bolesław to dendrology and his wife Janina to pomology. The institute was in the process of expansion planning a new building. During World War II Bolesław worked as a carpenter with a building team, so he acquired some knowledge about building. He was asked therefore to keep an eye on the building process to assure conformity with plans and solidity of performance. Being born in Silesia, Bolesław took this responsibility very seriously and molested the builders all along. Truly a very solid building was produced, which continues to serve us well to this day. Prof. Białobok supported Bolesław in his interest in woody plant seeds. He agreed to the establishment of a seed laboratory within the complex of the new building under construction. To acquaint himself with forest seed problems Bolesław was sent for 1 month to the Forest Research Institute in Warsaw to do some work under prof. Stanisław Tyszkiewicz, the renowned specialist on seed problems, involved in the topic within the framework of the International Union of Forest Research Organisations since the thirties. Bolesław considers himself a disciple of Tyszkiewicz. Seeing the work done in Warsaw and having acquainted himself with the needs of forest seed science, he requested that within the new building a phytotron be constructed so as to be able to maintain seed in various conditions of controlled temperature and light. This was introduced into the plans for the new building. The phytotron and the seed laboratory became his main concern for the next half century. He devoted his professional life to the study of woody plant seeds, particularly their storage and pre-sowing treatment requirements. He had the good fortune to co-operate in this field with leading world specialists from various countries, "his masters" as he refers to them and about whom he will speak in a moment. His achievements include identification for many species of the most appropriate methods of seed handling so as to 1) shorten the germination period, 2) increase germinative capacity, 3) obtain germination in the best time for it from the nurseryman's point of view, 4) shorten seedling emergence time in the nursery, 5) eliminate secondary dormancy, 6) prolong storage potential, 7) reduce demand for stratification and storage space. Numerous papers and books document these achievements. One of his books was translated into several languages. He observed that seed lots of some species come to storage facilities with various degrees of after-ripening and therefore in various stages of readiness for germination. The first need therefore is to bring them to an equalised condition. In this context warm stratification proved useful. It was his first major achievement to extend application of a warm period of stratification, prior to the normally used cold stratification, as a useful treatment for several species. It completes the maturation of the seeds, brings them to a common physiological state with the resultant equalisation of the time needed for cold stratification, and can also be used to suspend the stratification process and bring the seeds back into a state of full dormancy. Experience with the effect of the warm phase led him to the realisation that seeds are adapted to the natural conditions in which they have to germinate, immediately or next spring and that some even have a potential to extend germination capacity over several seasons through inductions of secondary dormancy, this latter potential being an adaptation to the fact that for some species abundant seed crops can be rare. All these natural adaptations when recognised can be effectively used when handling seeds. He developed technologies for identifying the stratification needs for various seed lots, technologies for the after-ripening of seed without a stratification medium, technologies for reducing seed moisture content to a level permitting long storage with minimal mortality, technologies for simultaneous seedling emergence under nursery conditions and many others. His expertise covers a wide range of species with both orthodox and recalcitrant seed. On the basis of his technologies special facilities were developed in the Polish State Forests. Bolesław Suszka became the world's internationally recognised leading specialist on woody plant seed, particularly on recalcitrant seed. He acted and still acts as a consultant for the construction of various seed storage facilities, co-operated in many research projects, participated in the work of many international organisations dealing with seeds, such as IUFRO and ISTA, and is involved in teaching seed science in graduate and postgraduate courses. Bolesław Suszka is a family man. He has 4 children and 11 grand children. A devout Christian, he works in the field of promoting natural family planning. He was drawn into the topic of family education by Fr. Karol Wojtyła, when attending with his future wife Janina a marriage preparation course run by the future Pope for Kraków students. Bolesław is an activists of the pro-life movement and a professional consultant in family problems. He authored several books with Fr. Karol Meissner OSB on the topic of preparing young people for family life. He has several hobbies, too. He is an amateur coin collector, a student of fortifications, an avid reader of history books and has a very keen interest in current political affairs.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2002, 47 Supplement
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wstepne wyniki badan proweniencyjnych buka zwyczajnego [Fagus sylvatica L.] na powierzchni doswiadczalnej w Choczewie
Autorzy:
Rzokowski, R
Giertych, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/811293.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
przezywalnosc
wzrost roslin
buk zwyczajny
fenologia
proweniencje
hodowla lasu
powierzchnie doswiadczalne
Choczew
lesnictwo
Fagus sylvatica
doswiadczenia proweniencyjne
drzewa lesne
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2002, 146, 02; 89-97
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of shade on phenolic compounds in Scots pine
Autorzy:
Giertych, M.J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41283.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
light reduction
Scotch pine
ortho-diphenol
pollution
shade
Pinus sylvestris
bioindication
insolation
total phenol
phenolic compound
Opis:
The influence of light reduction on the growth and phenolic compounds contents in Scots pine trees and seedlings was studied. Results of the first experiment in field conditions show that shade causes an increase of phenolic compounds and in the second experiment with seedlings under controlled shading conditions the results were opposite. It is suggested that the factor insolation should be paid more attention during the studies on the influence of pollution on the content of phenolic compounds.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2001, 46
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wartosc genetyczna swierka [Picea abies [L.]Karst] z terenu poza jego zasiegiem w Polsce
Autorzy:
Giertych, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/814996.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
proweniencje
hodowla lasu
populacje roslin
Picea abies
lesnictwo
wartosc genetyczna
swierk pospolity
drzewa lesne
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2000, 144, 03; 19-31
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przemieszczanie polskich populacji swierka [Picea abies [L.]Karst.] a ich wartosc hodowlana
Autorzy:
Giertych, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/813663.pdf
Data publikacji:
1997
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
proweniencje
hodowla lasu
populacje roslin
Polska
Picea abies
lesnictwo
wartosc hodowlana
swierk pospolity
drzewa lesne
Źródło:
Sylwan; 1997, 141, 04; 59-76
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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