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Tytuł:
Yves Lacoste jako geograf i geopolityk
Yves Lacoste as a geographer and a geopolitician
Autorzy:
Eberhardt, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965765.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Yves Lacoste
geography
geopolitics
geografia francuska
geopolityka francuska
Opis:
The article presents the worldview concept and the work of the outstanding French scholar Yves Lacoste. He is a senior among the French geographers and geopoliticians, professor emeritus of the University Paris VIII. At the beginning of the paper the development of the classical French geography is presented, its methodological foundations laid by Vidal de la Blache and his successors. It was characteristic of this stream of thought in geography that it emphasised the regional perspective and the use of results of historical studies. These traditions had an important influence on the intellectual attitude and the scholarly activity of Lacoste’s, who referred very strictly to the mainstream of French regional school. Then, the paper gives an account of the political views and the life of Lacoste, as well as of his publications, associated with the issues related to geopolitics and geostrategy. This required providing a perspective on the Lacoste’s approach to geopolitics as a new, controversial scientific discipline. The definition of this discipline and of its subject scope, used by Lacoste, is provided. The attention is paid to the significant arbitrariness in application of terminology, which brought important negative consequences as to the ways of analysing political, demo-graphic, military and social phenomena and processes, taking place in the concrete geo-graphical reality. The subsequent part of the article concerns the substantive assessment of the selected works of Lacoste’s. His book, entitled Geopolitics of the Mediterranean, which was also translated to Polish, stirred up quite an interest. The content of this book is outlined and the cognitive, as well as didactic qualities of this book are assessed. Given the place of birth of Lacoste (Fez in Morocco) and his life experience, no wonder he has been fascinated all the time by the consequences of colonialism, by the Muslim world, and by the issues related to the Arab countries. For this reason his opinions on the respective questions, still producing significant consequences for the former colonies and the former colonial empires, have been widely accepted. Nowadays, along with territory, demographic and economic potential, as well as military power, water resources have become an important, even though yet underestimated, geopolitical factor. This became the motivation for Lacoste to write a book, which was also translated into Polish. The analysis, presented in this book has quite a practical meaning, since water has been becoming a true strategic resource. Side by side with numerous books, Lacoste authored also and edited two atlases. One of them is a typical geographic atlas, showing on many maps France and the entire globe, according to continents and countries. The scientific value and the cartographic qualities of this atlas are assessed in the article. In a similar manner, another atlas – the Geopolitical Atlas – is also assessed. Particular attention is paid to the methodological aspects of this atlas and to the highly interesting graphic layout. This atlas contains a set of valuable maps and cartograms, showing the origins, the course and the consequences of the military conflicts, which took place in the 20th century in various regions of the world. Lacoste was the founder and the long time editor of the journal „Hérodote” which published the papers, written by the French geopoliticians and geographers. The journal gained a high esteem both in France and abroad. The scientific value and the significance in terms of promotion of the discipline are subject to assessment in the article. The article closes with the summary on the creative work of the French scholar, with special emphasis on his role in shaping the French school of geopolitics, encompassing his collaborators and followers.
W artykule przedstawiono światopogląd ideowy i dokonania twórcze wybitnego fran-cuskiego uczonego Yves’a Lacoste’a. Jest on nestorem francuskich geografów i geopoli-tyków oraz emerytowanym profesorem Uniwersytetu Université Paris VIII. Zaprezento-wano założenia teoretyczno-metodologiczne oraz walory merytoryczno-interpretacyjne jego głównych dzieł naukowych. Dzięki inicjatywie i dużemu autorytetowi w środo-wisku intelektualistów francuskich utworzył znaną szkołę geopolityczną oraz patronował wychodzącemu od kilku dziesięcioleci pismu naukowemu pt. „Hérodote”, w którym są zamieszczane regularnie opracowania z zakresu geografii politycznej, geopolityki i geo-strategii.
Źródło:
Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej; 2014, 3; 243-279
2300-0562
2450-0127
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wizja przyszłej Europy według mapy rosyjskiej z 1914 roku
Vision of the Future Europe by Russian Map (1914)
Autorzy:
Eberhardt, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/540010.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geopolityczne
Opis:
Author analyses Russian map created in 1914 which presented the expected post-war borders in Europe. Its title was “Map of the Future Europe” and it outlined continent’s political frontiers that should be expected after defeating German Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire by the Triple Entente (including Russia). The map is undoubtedly an exceptional work in terms of content and form, and its ideological message for many of the political events that took place in the twentieth century. Due to its originality is a historical document of considerable value, which should be the subject of further research by experts in the geo-political concepts and doctrines.
Źródło:
Przegląd Geopolityczny; 2013, 6; 9-15
2080-8836
2392-067X
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Geopolityczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Uwarunkowania polityczne formowania się wschodniej granicy II Rzeczypospolitej
Political conditions of the Second Commonwealth eastern borders formation
Autorzy:
Eberhardt, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/540235.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geopolityczne
Tematy:
wojna polsko-bolszewicka
granica wschodnia Polski
Traktat Ryski
Polish-Bolshevik war
eastern border of Poland
Treaty of Riga
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono uwarunkowania polityczno-militarne i ich wpływ na uformowanie się po I wojnie światowej wschodniej granicy odrodzonej Polski. Była ta granica uzależniona od końcowego rezultatu wojny polsko-bolszewickiej, która trwała z różnym nasileniem w latach 1918-1920. W pierwszej fazie tego konfliktu zbrojnego przewaga była po stronie polskiej. Projektowano wówczas, że przyszła granica będzie przebiegała stosunkowo daleko na wschodzie. Miała mieć ona tradycyjnie układ południkowy i rozciągać się w przybliżeniu między rzeką Berezyną na północy i Dniestrem na południu. W sytuacji zbliżania się Armii Czerwonej do Wisły w sierpniu 1920 istniało prawdopodobieństwo likwidacji państwa polskiego. Dopiero pokonanie Armii Czerwonej w Bitwie Warszawskiej umożliwiło rozpoczęcie rokowań na tematy graniczne. W końcowej części artykułu zreferowano przebieg i wyniki Konferencji Pokojowej w Rydze. Ustalono na niej granicę między Polską a bolszewicką Rosją. Trwała ona od 12 października 1920 do 17 września 1939 roku, kiedy to została unicestwiona w rezultacie agresji sowieckiej na Polskę.
The article presents the political and military conditions and their impact on the formation of the eastern border of the reborn Poland after World War I. This border was dependent on the final result of the Polish-Bolshevik war, which lasted with varying intensity in the years 1918 - 1920. In the first phase of this armed conflict, the advantage was on the Polish side. It was then planned that the future border would run relatively far to the east. It was supposed to have a longitudinal layout and spread approximately between the Berezina River in the north and the Dniester River in the south. In the situation of approaching the Red Army to the Vistula in August 1920, there was a likelihood of liquidation of the Polish state. It was only the defeat of the Red Army in the Battle of Warsaw that enabled the commencement of equivalent negotiations on border issues. In the final part of the article, the course and results of the Peace Conference in Riga were reported. A border was established between Poland and Bolshevik Russia. It lasted from October 12, 1920 to September 17, 1939, when it was annihilated as a result of Soviet aggression against Poland.
Źródło:
Przegląd Geopolityczny; 2018, 26; 9-31
2080-8836
2392-067X
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Geopolityczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sytuacja demograficzno-społeczne Federacji Rosyjskiej
The Socio-demographic Situation of Russian Federation
Autorzy:
Eberhardt, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1857172.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Rosja
demografia
depopulacja
Russia
demography
depopulation
Opis:
The paper shows some consequences of the outbreak of the Soviet Union and how the changes in its system have influenced the living conditions of Russian population and the demographic situation of Russian Federation. Economical failure, a result of mistakes in „perestroika,” has lowered the living standards, caused disproportions in affluence, and extended the phenomena of social pathologies. In effect, we saw essential demographic repercussions. The number of births has considerably diminished, a phenomenon which together with the rise in death rate have caused a successive depopulation. The statistical data show not only the level of demographic reproduction, but also they give some information about the number of abortions, divorces and other factors reveling the moral condition of Russian society. The demographic situation of Russian Federation has become an object of discussion in the Russian mass media and in scientific milieus. Some more interesting views of specialists and Russian activists have been presented here. Information on demography has been supplemented by statistical data showing the living standards of the Russian people. New phenomena have appeared recently (e.g. unemployment). Eventually, it has been pinpointed that the demographic-social process may exert a bad influence on the political situation of Russian Federation.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 2003, 31, 1; 235-255
0137-4176
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Struktura narodowościowa ludności Polski
The Ethnic Structure of Poland’s Population
Autorzy:
Eberhardt, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1835179.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-05-12
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Polska
Polacy
mniejszości narodowe
Polska
Poles
national minorities
Opis:
The article presents the results of the census conducted in April 2002. It contains statistical information referring to the ethnic composition of Poland’s population and the languages used by Polish citizens. The results of the census have shown that 38,230,100 people live on the territory of Poland. The Polish nationality was declared by 36,983,700 people. Another ethnic option was chosen by 471,500 people, that is by 1.2% of the whole of the population of the country. Silesians proved to be the greatest minority (173,200), Germans (152,900), Belorussians (48,700) and Ukrainians (31,000). Other ethnic groups proved to be less numerous. The author offers an interpretation of the census results. He pays a special attention to the problem of the Silesian minority, that is not considered a national group by specialists. He shows that the group has been undergoing Polish and German influences for many centuries. Silesians have spoken Polish and they have been faithful to Catholicism. This connected them to Poland. However, on the other hand they have accepted German civilization-cultural patterns. In the next part of the article data referring to the language spoken by the citizens of Poland are presented. Also in this domain complete supremacy of the Polish language is found, as 97.8% of Poland’s population recognize Polish as the language they speak at home. The second most popular language turns out to be German (206,600 people – 0.5% of the country’s population). Other languages play a marginal role. The national data compared to the ethnic structure are a basis for a territorial analysis. The author has made an analysis of places particular ethnic group live in and referred them to territorial administration units of the province and common level. He has proven that the German population is concentrated in Opole Silesia, and the Belorussian population in Podlasie, in the area of the Białowieska Forest. The presented statistical information and their introductory interpretation have confirmed the well-known fact that Poland is a mono-ethnic country. The role of ethnic and language minorities is only slight. The ethnic and language conformity is also connected with Poland’s religious specificity. A predominant part of the citizens of Poland has traditional bonds with Catholicism.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 2008, 36, 1; 143-168
0137-4176
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Skład narodowościowy ludności Federacji Rosyjskiej na przełomie XX i XXI wieku
Ethnic composition of the population of Russian Federation at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries
Autorzy:
Eberhardt, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/684451.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Federacja Rosyjska
demografia
narodowości
mniejszości narodowe
Russian Federation
demographics
nationalities
ethnic minorities
Opis:
The paper presents the population numbers and the distribution of the particular national and ethnic groups, inhabiting the territory of the present-day Russian Federation. The basis for the statistical analysis was constituted by the data from three national censuses (1959, 1989, and 2010). Two former ones were carried out yet during the existence of the Russian SSR, while the last one was realised by the statistical services of the Russian Federation. These censuses concerned the very same territory, thus securing full comparability of results. The introductory part of the paper presents the characterisation of the administrative breakdown of the vast territory in question, encompassing 17 million sq. km. This characterisation is insofar important as some of the administrative units, for which the statistical data were determined, had been defined on the basis of the ethnic criteria. Then, the first part of analysis refers to the Soviet part of the period considered (1959–1989). These years were marked by a high demographic dynamics, which concerned both the Russian population and the numerous ethnic minorities. In the second part of analysis the changes are shown in the numbers and geographical distribution of the selected nationalities after the systemic changes and the disintegration of the USSR (1989–2010). The rate of demographic and ethnic changes in this period was highly differentiated in both ethnic and territorial aspects. There has been a total decrease in the numbers of Slavonic population, especially the Russian one, with a growth of numbers of some of the ethnic minorities. The high demographic increase concerned primarily the population of the Muslim extraction. This phenomenon is described and commented upon in the paper. After the presentation of the analysis for the entire country, detailed considerations have been carried out for the Autonomous Republics and National Districts. In the summary of the article, the adopted principles are characterised of the demographic and national politics in the Russian Federation, along with their political consequences.
W artykule opisano i skomentowano w ujęciu statycznym i dynamicznym przemiany demograficzno-etniczne zachodzące w Rosyjskiej SSR oraz Federacji Rosyjskiej. Przedstawiono liczebność i rozmieszczenie geograficzne poszczególnych narodowości zamieszkujących terytorium współczesnej Federacji Rosyjskiej. Podstawą analizy statystycznej, a następnie merytorycznej były trzy spisy ludności (1959, 1989, 2010). Porównanie danych z tych trzech przekrojów czasowych dało możliwość określenia stanu i przeobrażeń narodowościowych w ostatnich dekadach XX w. oraz w pierwszym dziesięcioleciu XXI w. Skoncentrowano uwagę na sytuacji etnicznej w Autonomicznych Republikach i Okręgach Narodowościowych.
Źródło:
Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej; 2016, 5; 209-236
2300-0562
2450-0127
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rosyjski panslawizm jako idea geopolityczna
The Russian Pan-slavim as a geopolitical idea
Autorzy:
Eberhardt, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/540320.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geopolityczne
Opis:
Artykuł poświecony jest rosyjskiemu panslawizmowi. Ta idea filozoficznopolityczna miała również swoje oblicze geopolityczne. Powstała w rezultacie ewolucji poglądów formułowanych przez rosyjskich słowianofilów. Podstawowym jej celem było utworzenie pod zwierzchnictwem Rosji wielkiego Imperium Słowiańskiego. Koncepcja ta była popierana przez władze carskie, Cerkiew prawosławną oraz ówczesną elitę rosyjską. Wiele miejsca w artykule zajęło omówienie konfliktowych stosunków polsko-rosyjskich.
It the article was presented a genesis, and then the development of Russian Pan-Slavism. This ideology had own geopolitical repercussions. Its basic aim was the creation federation of Slavic nations under Russian supremacy. Causes of its rising had political character and resulted from loss by Russia Crimean War, Polish Insurrection from 1863. and first of all the Turkish-Russian War (1875/1878). The need of coming with help oppressed by south Slavs' Turks stood an popular idea, which approached to it the Czarist Power, Orthodox church and then the political elites of Russia. The banner of Slavs' liberation became comfortable reason of construction an idea to necessity building a Grat Imperium and territorial throphies. Beyond of capture Balkans, the basic goal was conquesting Constantinople and contaimenting the Bosphorus and Dardanelless. The idea of Pan -Slavism shaped in result of evolution opinions delivered by the Russian Slavophiles. It was then Russian intellectuals who referenced to the Old Russian traditions and had hostile to cultural influences of West- European area. It was presented activity and outlook the main Russian Slavophiles: Iwan Kieriejewski, Alieksiej Chomiakow, Iwan Aksakow and Jurij Samarin and where was describted their philosophical and political opinions. In the article was presented their relation to the Poland matter of independence. They had negative opinions because, according to their, Poland was a state belong to Latin civilization, which will not subordinate despotic Russia. Slavophilism changed, in result of nationalist growth and xenophobic tendencies. Organizing II Slavic Downhill Congress in Moscow was inspiring this transformation event (1867), in which took apart all Slavic nations, except the Poles. The Pan-Slavistic ideas were universally accepted in Russian society. In the final effect, approved as the political and geopolical doctrine. In the example of achievements creatores, Pan-Slavism was a reported idea principles and geopolitical intentions, this conception. In presenting work M. Danilewski, was reported, praparation by him, territorial abattis future Slavic Federation. The Russian loss in the I World War and the Bolshevik revolt made up the end of Pan-Slavistic tenet. In later time linking to idea of Slavs unification had the episodic character and had not the large political meaning. It afterworld of article was including the opinion about Pan-Slavism from geopolitical side. Turn the attention, that this doctrine was the imperial conception and it aim, was not be include with creation of free Slavic states conception, but the Russian centralized empire. This idea was the one of great utopias, which came into being in XIX and under the end of XX this conception lost own timeliness.
Źródło:
Przegląd Geopolityczny; 2010, 2; 43-64
2080-8836
2392-067X
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Geopolityczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Roman Umiastowski - zapomniany polski geograf
Roman Umiastowski - a forgotten Polish geographer
Autorzy:
Eberhardt, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965403.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Roman Umiastowski
geografia wojenna
geografia polityczna
geography of war
political geography
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono drogę życiową i dokonania twórcze polskiego geografa Romana Umiastowskiego (1893–1982). Był on w okresie międzywojennym oficerem sztabowym wojska polskiego w stopniu pułkownika. Równocześnie był z zamiłowania geografem i autorem wielu książek i artykułów naukowych. W części wprowadzającej omówiono jego szlak bojowy na frontach I wojny światowej i walk o niepodległość Polski (1918–1920). Następnie zaprezentowano jego osiągnięcia, jako uczonego, publicystę i wykładowcę w wyższych szkołach wojskowych. Na początku lat 20. ubiegłego wieku napisał m.in. dwie książki – Terytorium Polski pod względem wojskowym oraz Geografia wojenna Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej i ziem ościennych. Były to, nie tylko w polskiej literaturze geograficznej, ale i w światowej, pozycje nowatorskie poświęcone geografii militarnej. Zostały omówione w nich założenia metodyczne oraz walory merytoryczne. Zaznaczono ponadto, że Umiastowski był także autorem opracowań z zakresu geografii politycznej, m.in. rozpatrywał stosunki polsko-rosyjskie i polsko- -niemieckie. Po agresji niemieckiej, a później sowieckiej na Polskę we wrześniu 1939 roku znalazł się we Francji, a później dotarł do Wielkiej Brytanii, gdzie nadal prowadził aktywną działalność publicystyczną. Po wojnie, aż do śmierci pozostał na emigracji, gdzie zajmował się działalnością kolekcjonerską zbierając stare mapy i ryciny, głównie dotyczące historii Polski w XVII i XVIII wieku.
The paper presents the life and the creative deeds of the Polish geographer, Roman Umiastowski (1893–1982). During the inter-war period Umiastowski was a staff officer of the Polish army in the grade of a colonel. At the same time, he indulged very much in geography and authored numerous books and scientific articles. In the introductory part of the article the military deeds of Umiastoswki’s during the World War I and the struggle for the sovereignty of Poland (1918–1920) are outlined. Then, his achievements are presented as a scholar, a journalist and a lecturer of the higher military schools. Umiastowski wrote, in particular, at the beginning of the 1920s, two books. The first of those was entitled The territory of Poland in military terms, and the second – The military geography of the Polish Commonwealth and of the neighbouring countries. These books were definitely novel, not only in Polish literature, but also in the world literature, as devoted to the military geography. The two books are commented upon in the paper, along with their methodological prerequisites and the substantive qualities. The paper notes, as well, that Umiastowski authored also the reports concerning the political geography. Thus, in particular, he considered the Polish-Russian and the Polish-German relations. After the German and then the Soviet aggressions against Poland in September 1939, Umiastowski landed in France, to thereafter reach the United Kingdom, where he still conducted the journalist activity. After the WWII, until his death, he remained emigrant, while collecting old maps and engravings, mainly those concerning the history of Poland in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Socio-Oeconomica; 2014, 17
1508-1117
2353-4826
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Socio-Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przeobrażenia demograficzne w Polsce i na Ukrainie w okresie transformacji ustrojowej
Demographic Transformations in Poland and the Ukraine in the Period of Political Transformation
Autorzy:
Eberhardt, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1856479.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Polska
Ukraina
demografia
przemiany
Polska
the Ukraine
demography
transformations
Opis:
The paper seeks to compare the demographic situation in Poland with that which is in the Ukraine. The statistical analysis takes into consideration the last decade of the 20th century, that is the period in which in both countries there were great socio-economical transformations. Before evaluating the ongoing process some demographic tendencies have been outlined, the tendencies that undergo now in Central-East Europe, the demographic dynamism during the last 50 years in Poland and the Ukraine has been shown. The evolution of demographic transformations during the communist regime was in both countries convergent, although the social transformations in the Ukraine were faster in the Ukraine than in Poland. The prognoses from the turn of the 1980s and 1990s did not predict any essential changes. It was expected that natural growth would stabilise at a (not high) level, a level that would gurantee small growth of population. It turned out, however, that political transformations had unexpectedly brought about demographic repercussions. The results of statistic analysis have proved that between 1990 and 2000 the rate of births in both countries was successively going down. At the same time the rate of deaths in the Ukraine considerably increased. This had resulted in a demographic regress in the Ukraine and the stabilisation of the rate of population in Poland. The number of population in the Ukraine had decreased by ca. 3.000.000 in the period between 1990 and 2000, whereas in Poland it became stable at 38.600.000 with a tendency to go down. The demographic tendencie revealed in the 1990s both in Poland and the Ukraine manifest permanence. Consequently, the hitherto prognoses with respect to the future have gone out of date. New trends of transformations show that the number of the population in the Ukraine will systematically go down. The demographic situation of Poland is more difficult to predict, but presumably it will reach the de-population stage and the people will grow old fast.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 2004, 32, 1; 173-186
0137-4176
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przemiany narodowościowo-językowe ludności Białorusi na przełomie XX i XXI wieku
Autorzy:
Eberhardt, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/678252.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
Belarus
Belarusians
Russians
Russification processes
ethnicity
language
Opis:
Ethnic and linguistic changes of the Belarusian population at the turn of the 21th centuryThe first part of the article presents historical background of the origin of the Belarusian nation, located in the area of a confrontation between Russia and Poland. This rivalry was won by Russia, and in effect Belarusian land was incorporated into the Russian Empire, and later into the Soviet state. The next part presents the 20th century ethnic structure as the consequence of the Bolshevik Revolution and World Wars I and II, resulting in some border changes, war loses and migration movements. The main part of the article deals with the ethnic and language changes which occurred in the last decade of the 20th and in the first decade of the 21st centuries. The statistical analysis and interpretation is based on data from three population censuses (1989, 1999, 2009). An ethnic structure and linguistic situation are presented with the emphasis placed on the status of the two languages commonly used in Belarus, i.e. Russian and Belarusian, as seen in two categories: of mother language and of the language used for communication at home. The conclusions prove the expansion of popularity of the Russian language and gradual decrease of the use of the Belarusian language, both in public and at home. The processes of Russification, which had begun in the Soviet period, are intensifying despite the fact that Belarus regained its political souverianity as a country. On the basis of quantitative data the author defines specific intensity and territorial distribution of the influence of the Russian language. The final part of the article shows political and geo-political consequences of these changes in Belarus.
Źródło:
Sprawy Narodowościowe; 2013, 43
2392-2427
Pojawia się w:
Sprawy Narodowościowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przemiany narodowościowe w państwach bałtyckich na przełomie XX i XXI wieku
Ethnic Transformations in the Baltic States at the Break of the 20th Century
Autorzy:
Eberhardt, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1834975.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-05-14
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Litwa
Łotwa
Estonia
demografia
problematyka narodowościowa
Lithuania
Latvia
demography
ethnic issue
Opis:
The article is devoted to ethnic changes occurring on the territories of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia in the last decades of the 20th and at the beginning of the 21st century. After an introduction in which historical-political situation is discussed, the next part of the article has a dualistic character. In the first part the ethnic situation of the three Baltic republics in the Soviet period are discussed. These were the years of intensive processes of Sovietization and Russification. A lot of migrants from other Soviet republics came to the Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian Soviet republics. The newcomers who spoke Russian influenced their ethnic structure. At the same time they marginalized their mother tongues. The demographic-ethnic questions were documented with the data coming from the Soviet censuses conducted in 1959, 1970, 1979 and 1989. The second part of the text is concerned with the ethnic situation after Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia gained independence. On the basis of censuses and estimates new tendencies in ethnic changes are defined. They result from mass departures of the Russian-speaking population and from the increase of importance of the three native nations. The processes are documented with statistical data. The final effect of the work is a demographic-ethnic balance-sheet in a dynamic formula.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 2009, 37; 95-113
0137-4176
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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