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Tytuł:
Political borders in Polish territory according to the Soviet atlas of 1940
Autorzy:
Eberhardt, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/92560.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Oddział Kartograficzny Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
Tematy:
Karmannyj Atlas Mira
border
Polska
Molotov-Ribbentrop pact
Opis:
The author presents Karmannyj Atlas Mira (Pocket Atlas of the World) which was published in Leningrad in 1940. It shows political borders existing in Polish territory at that time. Those borders resulted from the Soviet-German agreement reached in August and September 1939 in Moscow (the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact). On the maps in the Atlas the territories of central Poland are described as “Oblast Gosudarstvennych Interesov Germanii” (Area of the National Interest of Germany). The maps were reprinted in the article in the original version and underwent a historical, political and geographical analysis.
Źródło:
Polish Cartographical Review; 2019, 51, 4; 207-214
2450-6974
Pojawia się w:
Polish Cartographical Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Skład narodowościowy ludności Federacji Rosyjskiej na przełomie XX i XXI wieku
Ethnic composition of the population of Russian Federation at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries
Autorzy:
Eberhardt, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/684451.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Federacja Rosyjska
demografia
narodowości
mniejszości narodowe
Russian Federation
demographics
nationalities
ethnic minorities
Opis:
The paper presents the population numbers and the distribution of the particular national and ethnic groups, inhabiting the territory of the present-day Russian Federation. The basis for the statistical analysis was constituted by the data from three national censuses (1959, 1989, and 2010). Two former ones were carried out yet during the existence of the Russian SSR, while the last one was realised by the statistical services of the Russian Federation. These censuses concerned the very same territory, thus securing full comparability of results. The introductory part of the paper presents the characterisation of the administrative breakdown of the vast territory in question, encompassing 17 million sq. km. This characterisation is insofar important as some of the administrative units, for which the statistical data were determined, had been defined on the basis of the ethnic criteria. Then, the first part of analysis refers to the Soviet part of the period considered (1959–1989). These years were marked by a high demographic dynamics, which concerned both the Russian population and the numerous ethnic minorities. In the second part of analysis the changes are shown in the numbers and geographical distribution of the selected nationalities after the systemic changes and the disintegration of the USSR (1989–2010). The rate of demographic and ethnic changes in this period was highly differentiated in both ethnic and territorial aspects. There has been a total decrease in the numbers of Slavonic population, especially the Russian one, with a growth of numbers of some of the ethnic minorities. The high demographic increase concerned primarily the population of the Muslim extraction. This phenomenon is described and commented upon in the paper. After the presentation of the analysis for the entire country, detailed considerations have been carried out for the Autonomous Republics and National Districts. In the summary of the article, the adopted principles are characterised of the demographic and national politics in the Russian Federation, along with their political consequences.
W artykule opisano i skomentowano w ujęciu statycznym i dynamicznym przemiany demograficzno-etniczne zachodzące w Rosyjskiej SSR oraz Federacji Rosyjskiej. Przedstawiono liczebność i rozmieszczenie geograficzne poszczególnych narodowości zamieszkujących terytorium współczesnej Federacji Rosyjskiej. Podstawą analizy statystycznej, a następnie merytorycznej były trzy spisy ludności (1959, 1989, 2010). Porównanie danych z tych trzech przekrojów czasowych dało możliwość określenia stanu i przeobrażeń narodowościowych w ostatnich dekadach XX w. oraz w pierwszym dziesięcioleciu XXI w. Skoncentrowano uwagę na sytuacji etnicznej w Autonomicznych Republikach i Okręgach Narodowościowych.
Źródło:
Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej; 2016, 5; 209-236
2300-0562
2450-0127
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Roman Umiastowski - zapomniany polski geograf
Roman Umiastowski - a forgotten Polish geographer
Autorzy:
Eberhardt, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965403.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Roman Umiastowski
geografia wojenna
geografia polityczna
geography of war
political geography
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono drogę życiową i dokonania twórcze polskiego geografa Romana Umiastowskiego (1893–1982). Był on w okresie międzywojennym oficerem sztabowym wojska polskiego w stopniu pułkownika. Równocześnie był z zamiłowania geografem i autorem wielu książek i artykułów naukowych. W części wprowadzającej omówiono jego szlak bojowy na frontach I wojny światowej i walk o niepodległość Polski (1918–1920). Następnie zaprezentowano jego osiągnięcia, jako uczonego, publicystę i wykładowcę w wyższych szkołach wojskowych. Na początku lat 20. ubiegłego wieku napisał m.in. dwie książki – Terytorium Polski pod względem wojskowym oraz Geografia wojenna Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej i ziem ościennych. Były to, nie tylko w polskiej literaturze geograficznej, ale i w światowej, pozycje nowatorskie poświęcone geografii militarnej. Zostały omówione w nich założenia metodyczne oraz walory merytoryczne. Zaznaczono ponadto, że Umiastowski był także autorem opracowań z zakresu geografii politycznej, m.in. rozpatrywał stosunki polsko-rosyjskie i polsko- -niemieckie. Po agresji niemieckiej, a później sowieckiej na Polskę we wrześniu 1939 roku znalazł się we Francji, a później dotarł do Wielkiej Brytanii, gdzie nadal prowadził aktywną działalność publicystyczną. Po wojnie, aż do śmierci pozostał na emigracji, gdzie zajmował się działalnością kolekcjonerską zbierając stare mapy i ryciny, głównie dotyczące historii Polski w XVII i XVIII wieku.
The paper presents the life and the creative deeds of the Polish geographer, Roman Umiastowski (1893–1982). During the inter-war period Umiastowski was a staff officer of the Polish army in the grade of a colonel. At the same time, he indulged very much in geography and authored numerous books and scientific articles. In the introductory part of the article the military deeds of Umiastoswki’s during the World War I and the struggle for the sovereignty of Poland (1918–1920) are outlined. Then, his achievements are presented as a scholar, a journalist and a lecturer of the higher military schools. Umiastowski wrote, in particular, at the beginning of the 1920s, two books. The first of those was entitled The territory of Poland in military terms, and the second – The military geography of the Polish Commonwealth and of the neighbouring countries. These books were definitely novel, not only in Polish literature, but also in the world literature, as devoted to the military geography. The two books are commented upon in the paper, along with their methodological prerequisites and the substantive qualities. The paper notes, as well, that Umiastowski authored also the reports concerning the political geography. Thus, in particular, he considered the Polish-Russian and the Polish-German relations. After the German and then the Soviet aggressions against Poland in September 1939, Umiastowski landed in France, to thereafter reach the United Kingdom, where he still conducted the journalist activity. After the WWII, until his death, he remained emigrant, while collecting old maps and engravings, mainly those concerning the history of Poland in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Socio-Oeconomica; 2014, 17
1508-1117
2353-4826
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Socio-Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Koncepcje granic państwa polskiego u progu odzyskania niepodległości
The concepts of the Polish state boundaries on the threshold of independence
Autorzy:
Eberhardt, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965458.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Polish territory
Polish borders
concepts of Polish borders
terytorium polski
granice Polski
polskie koncepcje graniczne
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono koncepcje i wizje badaczy polskich działających w XIX i na początku XX w. Dotyczyły one rozległości terytorialnej odrodzonego w przyszłości państwa polskiego. Nawiązywały początkowo do granic historycznej Rzeczypospolitej. W późniejszym czasie uwzględniały również kryteria etniczne i strategiczne. Zaprezentowano na kolejnych mapach koncepcje Oskara Żebrowskiego, Stanisława Tomaszewskiego, Aleksandra Janowskiego, Czesława Jankowskiego, Włodzimierza Wakara, Wiktora Skargi-Dobrowolskiego, Józefa Jaskólskiego. Ostatnie dwa omówione programy terytorialne miały już charakter oficjalnych dokumentów. Pierwszy z nich był opracowany w Lozannie przez Komitet Narodowy Polski, ostatni zaś osobiście był przygotowany przez Romana Dmowskiego, ale reprezentował oficjalne stanowisko Rządu Polskiego.
After the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was liquidated and disappeared from the map of Europe at the end of the 18th century, and was partitioned by Russia, Prussia, and Austria, Polish activists of the independence movements never consented to the fact and continued to work for the revival of the Polish state. One of the issues pondered about was that of the future boundaries of this state. Initially, the issue was not complicated at all, since it was commonly held that the sole just solution would be the return to the historical boundaries of 1772. In the later period, the awareness arose that this option cannot be realised. This was not only the consequence of the stable and disadvantageous for Poland geopolitical situation in Europe, but also of the ethnic diversification of the territory of the former Commonwealth. That is why various concepts started to appear, concerning the future boundaries of Poland, considering the historical, geopolitical, strategic, and ethnic conditioning. These concepts were primarily the visions of individual scholars or activists, but often they did represent definite ideological and political orientations. The article presents and comments upon some of these designs. Those more original in substantive terms, and containing an interesting cartographic illustration, were selected for presentation. Thusthe article treats the concepts authored by: Oskar Żebrowski, Stanisław Tomaszewski, Aleksander Janowski, Czesław Jankowski, Włodzimierz Wakar, Wiktor Skarga-Dobrowolski, and Józef Jaskólski. These concepts, postulating the shape of boundaries of Poland, differed significantly as to the general territorial reach of the country and the shapes of its boundaries. Some of them were of clear maximalist character, while other ones were more moderate, and so had higher chances of implementation. The two last proposals for the boundaries of Poland, presented in the article, were already the official documents. The first of those two represented the position of the Polish National Committee, which was active in Lausanne in the years 1917–1918. The last concept of the boundary of Poland, shown in the article, was the official stance of the authorities of the newly re-established Polish state, which was presented at the Peace Conference in Paris in 1919. This concept was developed by Roman Dmowski, who headed Polish delegation at this conference. At the end of the article this most important design, prepared for the Versailles conference, is compared to the actual course of boundaries of the Polish state as it re-emerged after the First World War.
Źródło:
Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej; 2015, 4; 9-35
2300-0562
2450-0127
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ludność polska na Białorusi, Litwie i Ukrainie według ostatnich spisów powszechnych
Polish Population in Byelorussia, Lithuania and the Ukraine According to the Latest Censuses
Autorzy:
Eberhardt, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1854106.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Białoruś
Litwa
Ukraina
ludność polska
Byelorussia
Lithuania
the Ukraine
Polish population
Opis:
In the article the results are presented of the latest censuses carried out in Byelorussia in 1999, and in Lithuania and the Ukraine in 2001. The basic task of the study was to determine how big the Polish population was. The Byelorussian census showed 396 thousand, the Lithuanian one – 235 thousand, and the Ukrainian one – 144.1 thousand Poles. Altogether in the three mentioned countries bordering upon Poland the official census data showed 775.1 thousand Poles. This was 98.1 thousand fewer than the previous census carried out in the Soviet period (1989) showed. The author tries to explain the causes of this state of things. Earlier assessments done by Polish researchers showed that the data from Soviet censuses lowered the number of Poles and it was expected that the censuses carried out under new circumstances would show a considerably bigger Polish population. The results of these censuses did not confirm these research hypotheses. The constant decrease in the number of Poles in Byelorussia, Lithuania and the Ukraine results from assimilation processes that have been stimulated by social and economic changes. In the next part of the article the author tried to present the distribution of the Polish population according to the administrative units of the province or district level. A special attention was paid to the Vilnius district in Lithuania and the Grodno province in Byelorussia. In both these areas the Polish population tends to concentrate. On the other hand, the processes of atrophy of the Polish population go on in the Ukraine. This is due to the diffusion of the Polish population and its gradual sinking into the Ukrainian community.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 2005, 33, 1; 145-164
0137-4176
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przeobrażenia demograficzne w Polsce i na Ukrainie w okresie transformacji ustrojowej
Demographic Transformations in Poland and the Ukraine in the Period of Political Transformation
Autorzy:
Eberhardt, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1856479.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Polska
Ukraina
demografia
przemiany
Polska
the Ukraine
demography
transformations
Opis:
The paper seeks to compare the demographic situation in Poland with that which is in the Ukraine. The statistical analysis takes into consideration the last decade of the 20th century, that is the period in which in both countries there were great socio-economical transformations. Before evaluating the ongoing process some demographic tendencies have been outlined, the tendencies that undergo now in Central-East Europe, the demographic dynamism during the last 50 years in Poland and the Ukraine has been shown. The evolution of demographic transformations during the communist regime was in both countries convergent, although the social transformations in the Ukraine were faster in the Ukraine than in Poland. The prognoses from the turn of the 1980s and 1990s did not predict any essential changes. It was expected that natural growth would stabilise at a (not high) level, a level that would gurantee small growth of population. It turned out, however, that political transformations had unexpectedly brought about demographic repercussions. The results of statistic analysis have proved that between 1990 and 2000 the rate of births in both countries was successively going down. At the same time the rate of deaths in the Ukraine considerably increased. This had resulted in a demographic regress in the Ukraine and the stabilisation of the rate of population in Poland. The number of population in the Ukraine had decreased by ca. 3.000.000 in the period between 1990 and 2000, whereas in Poland it became stable at 38.600.000 with a tendency to go down. The demographic tendencie revealed in the 1990s both in Poland and the Ukraine manifest permanence. Consequently, the hitherto prognoses with respect to the future have gone out of date. New trends of transformations show that the number of the population in the Ukraine will systematically go down. The demographic situation of Poland is more difficult to predict, but presumably it will reach the de-population stage and the people will grow old fast.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 2004, 32, 1; 173-186
0137-4176
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sytuacja demograficzno-społeczne Federacji Rosyjskiej
The Socio-demographic Situation of Russian Federation
Autorzy:
Eberhardt, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1857172.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Rosja
demografia
depopulacja
Russia
demography
depopulation
Opis:
The paper shows some consequences of the outbreak of the Soviet Union and how the changes in its system have influenced the living conditions of Russian population and the demographic situation of Russian Federation. Economical failure, a result of mistakes in „perestroika,” has lowered the living standards, caused disproportions in affluence, and extended the phenomena of social pathologies. In effect, we saw essential demographic repercussions. The number of births has considerably diminished, a phenomenon which together with the rise in death rate have caused a successive depopulation. The statistical data show not only the level of demographic reproduction, but also they give some information about the number of abortions, divorces and other factors reveling the moral condition of Russian society. The demographic situation of Russian Federation has become an object of discussion in the Russian mass media and in scientific milieus. Some more interesting views of specialists and Russian activists have been presented here. Information on demography has been supplemented by statistical data showing the living standards of the Russian people. New phenomena have appeared recently (e.g. unemployment). Eventually, it has been pinpointed that the demographic-social process may exert a bad influence on the political situation of Russian Federation.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 2003, 31, 1; 235-255
0137-4176
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problematyka demograficzna Polski
The Demographic Problem of Poland
Autorzy:
Eberhardt, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1849501.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-05-12
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Polska
ludność
prognozy demograficzne
Polska
population
demographic prognoses
Opis:
The introductory part of the paper focuses on the demographic transformations in Poland in the first half of the twentieth century. The evolution of natural movement has been especially stressed here. In that period, the population of Poland had a very high birth rate. It followed from the dwindling but always high number of births, and the lowering death rate. The political and military events of the First and Second World Wars had brought about essential consequences. Especially the Second World War was fraught with consequences. As a result of demographic losses and changes of borders, the population of Poland diminished from 34.8 million (1939) to 23.9 million (1946). Then for a dozen of so years compensatory processes took place, which have recompensed the war losses. During further decades we dealt with a constant fall of the birth rate. It resulted from a diminished number of children. In the beginning of the 1990s, the population of Poland reached 38 million of inhabitants. The political transformation that took place in the last decade of the twentieth century have brought about far-reaching demographic results. A rapid fall of the birth rate, with the death rate at the same level, have made the birth rate dwindle. As a result, the demographic regress took place. The de-population processes embraced the majority of the country. In the final part of the paper the author arrives at a conclusion that these new tendencies in the natural movement are permanent. To prove this point we have one of demographic prognosis. According to its presuppositions, the population of Poland will diminish to the level of 26.3 million in 2050. The author claims that it will cause essential geopolitical, social, and economic consequences.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 2007, 35, 1; 25-42
0137-4176
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Procesy megaurbanizacyjne w świecie
Mega-Urbanization Processes in the World
Autorzy:
Eberhardt, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1834604.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-05-14
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
megaurbanizacja
osadnictwo wielkomiejskie
megalopolis
miasta globalne
mega-urbanization
big-city settlement
global cities
Opis:
The article is devoted to statistical analysis and assessment of urbanization processes. It is stressed that transformations of this kind are fairly complex and do not result only from the changes of relations between urban and rural population. They consist in complex economicalsocial phenomena that are reflected, among others, in formation of large urban complexes whose internal structure is ever more complicated. Their characteristic feature is spatial expansion. In the place where formerly only towns were, new, territorially extensive agglomerations and metropolises come into being. Because of a strong demographic dynamics resulting from the intensive development and technological progress, great urban complexes, numbering over 10 million inhabitants have appeared. The name of mega-agglomeration has been accepted for these new forms of urbanization. They have been defined and discussed on the basis of UN documentation. Attention has been paid to the fact that they develop most quickly in poor Third World countries. This has important social consequences. In the next part of the article the most modern and complex forms of nowadays urbanization have been discussed. In the areas with a lot of agglomerations new forms of big-city settlement are formed that are called “megalopolis”. They are listed and subjected to a proper geographical interpretation. They number several dozen million inhabitants each and their significance in the world is ever greater. A considerable part of the article is concerned with the so-called world or global cities. They are cities that perform the functions of the highest rank, mainly as far as the international finances are concerned. They are the seats of great corporations and concerns, banks and influential political and economic organizations. Studies conducted by a team of experts affiliated to the British University of Loughborough that has assumed the name “Globalization World Cities Study. Group GAWC” have been used here. On the basis of strictly defined criteria the team has distinguished 55 global cities. They have been divided into ranks and categories. London, New York, Paris and Tokyo have been included in the first rank. Also the rank of Warsaw has been defined; it has been given gamma rank and category 5. The classification is subjected to assessment. In the next part of the text the inner structure of the mentioned greatest global (world) cities is given and characterized. In the last part of the article it is indicated that the processes of mega-urbanization have a tendency to spread into new areas and continents. Disproportions between the areas of great concentration of population on the one hand and regions of demographic and economic regress on the other will increase. The most important consequences will occur in Asian, African and South American countries. In these parts of the world the processes of mega-urbanization will occur in a spontaneous way and may lead to an economic, social and ecological disaster.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 2010, 38; 17-38
0137-4176
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przemiany narodowościowe w państwach bałtyckich na przełomie XX i XXI wieku
Ethnic Transformations in the Baltic States at the Break of the 20th Century
Autorzy:
Eberhardt, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1834975.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-05-14
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Litwa
Łotwa
Estonia
demografia
problematyka narodowościowa
Lithuania
Latvia
demography
ethnic issue
Opis:
The article is devoted to ethnic changes occurring on the territories of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia in the last decades of the 20th and at the beginning of the 21st century. After an introduction in which historical-political situation is discussed, the next part of the article has a dualistic character. In the first part the ethnic situation of the three Baltic republics in the Soviet period are discussed. These were the years of intensive processes of Sovietization and Russification. A lot of migrants from other Soviet republics came to the Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian Soviet republics. The newcomers who spoke Russian influenced their ethnic structure. At the same time they marginalized their mother tongues. The demographic-ethnic questions were documented with the data coming from the Soviet censuses conducted in 1959, 1970, 1979 and 1989. The second part of the text is concerned with the ethnic situation after Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia gained independence. On the basis of censuses and estimates new tendencies in ethnic changes are defined. They result from mass departures of the Russian-speaking population and from the increase of importance of the three native nations. The processes are documented with statistical data. The final effect of the work is a demographic-ethnic balance-sheet in a dynamic formula.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 2009, 37; 95-113
0137-4176
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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