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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 1207
Tytuł:
Early introduction of major morphological innovations
Autorzy:
Erwin, D H
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20041.pdf
Data publikacji:
1993
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
innovation
paleobiology
genetic mechanism
metazoan radiation
genetic hypothesis
evolutionary radiation
evolution
evolutionary theory
Cambrian
Opis:
The origin of major morphological innovations poses a major problem for macroevolutionary biologists. Such innovations appear to be overwhelmingly concentrated early in the history of major clades; subsequent evolution involves elaboration and variation on these early themes. Although confirmation of this pattern requires morphometric techniques only now being developed, it seems too firmly established to be an illusion. A variety of explanations have been advanced for the extensive morphologic innovation during the Cambrian radiation, including the ecospace hypothesis which relies on more extensive ecospace, and a variety of genomic hypotheses ranging from a more rapid rate of real or apparent mutation, to novel types of genetic change, or novel effects within a more plastic developmental system. Recently some theorists have suggested the inherent properties of complex dynamic systems are a sufficient explanation. However, most discussions have emphasized the ecosystem and genomic hypotheses. These have proven difficult to disentangle because no unique predictions about expected patterns have been proposed, but I suggest here phylogenetic tests which do discriminate between these possibilities. There is a curious distinction between the empty ecospace hypothesis and one variant of the developmental hypothesis: Under the former, extensive morphologic innovation should be possible whenever extensive ecospace becomes available. The constraints on innovation are atemporal and extrinsic. In contrast, under the second scenario the formation of developmental systems itself constrains further innovation. Thus the concentration of innovation early in the history of clades may stem from irreversible changes associated with the origin, rather than subsequent modification, of development.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 1993, 38, 3-4
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Evacuation of People from Vessels in Life-Endangering Situations
Autorzy:
Lozowicka, D. H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116161.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Human Factor
Life-Endangering Situation
Evacuation System, Safety System
SOLAS Convention
Emergency Evacuation
Emergency Situation
lifesaving equipment
Opis:
The trends to build ever larger passenger vessels enforce the necessity of continuous improvement of safety systems on such ships. Sea voyages constitute nowadays an attractive form of spending one’s leisure, which is why people aboard vessels should also have their safety ensured in the case of a necessity to evacuate them. Paper presents the methods of lengthening of the time available for conducting evacuation, shortening the time of becoming aware of the necessity of evacuation and shortening the time of evacuation itself. An interesting concept of signalling the direction of evacuation by means of sound, bound strictly with the way man’s instrument of hearing functions and the way of locating the source of sound is also presented at the paper. A new approach to designing evacuation systems is discussed at the paper. The concept of a “safe haven” is presented.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2008, 2, 2; 187-189
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Coral associations and their value for paleontological research
Autorzy:
Kuhlmann, D.H.H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20818.pdf
Data publikacji:
1980
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Opis:
When describing fossil reef facies, one often speaks of coral communities when several species are found in the same layer. The term "organism community" is of a very general nature and embraces co-incidental or necessary, permanent or temporary associations of organisms. Lately it is being linked to paleoecological statements more often (Paporte 1977), which gives it a sociological and ecological meaning. This is theoretically justified, because only differentiated ecological factors lead to typical coral communities being formed. However, such coral communities are not co-incidental, but regulated by certain laws of environmental conditions, they are not temporary, but permanent phenomena; particularly when environmental conditions are reconstructable and used for a description of the habitats, does it appear advisable to use the well-defined term "association".
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 1980, 25, 3-4
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Temperature Effect on the Growth Rate and Physical Characteristics of SnO2 Thin Films Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition
Autorzy:
Kim, D.
Kim, D. H.
Riu, D.-H.
Choi, B. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353808.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
atomic layer deposition
tin oxide
growth rate
film density
optical band gap
Opis:
Among the various thin film coating techniques, atomic layer deposition (ALD) has features of good controllability of the thickness, excellent step-coverage in 3-dimensional object even in the sub-nm thickness range at the relatively low deposition temperature. In this study, SnO2 thin films were grown by ALD in the variation of substrate temperatures from 150 to 250°C. Even such a low temperature may influence on the growth kinetics of the ALD reaction and thus the physical characteristics of thin films, such as crystallinity, film density and optical band gap, etc. We observed the decrease of the growth rate with increasing substrate temperature, at the same time, the density of the film was decreased with increasing temperature. Steric hindrance effect of the precursor molecule was attributed to the inverse relationship of the growth temperature and growth rate as well as the film density. Optical indirect band gap energy (~3.6 eV) of the ALD-grown amorphous SnO2 films grown at 150°C was similar with that of the literature value, while slightly lower band gap energy (~3.4 eV) was acquired at the films grown at higher temperature.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 2; 1061-1064
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Iterative learning control — monotonicity and optimization
Autorzy:
Owens, D. H.
Daley, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/907916.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
optymalizacja
monotoniczność
sterowanie odporne
optimization
monotonicity
robust control
Opis:
The area if Iterative Learning Control (ILC) has great potential for applications to systems with a naturally repetitive action where the transfer of data from repetition (trial or iteration) can lead to substantial improvements in tracking performance. There are several serious issues arising from the "2D" structure of ILC and a number of new problems requiring new ways of thinking and design. This paper introduces some of these issues from the point of view of the research group at Sheffield University and concentrates on linear systems and the potential for the use of optimization methods and switching strategies to achieve effective control.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science; 2008, 18, 3; 279-293
1641-876X
2083-8492
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A new early Pliocene murine rodent from the Iberian Peninsula and its biostratigraphic implications
Autorzy:
Pinero, P.
Verzi, D.H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082273.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
Mammalia
Murinae
biochronology
diversification pattern
early Ruscinian
Europe
Opis:
In the last years, a murine identified as Paraethomys aff. abaigari has been repeatedly recognized in several early Pliocene localities of the Iberian Peninsula. We have revised these occurrences, as well as other samples of similar morphology, and propose that all these records correspond to a new species. We diagnose Paraethomys baeticus sp. nov. based on a large sample from the early Ruscinian site of Baza-1 (Guadix-Baza Basin, Spain). It is a medium-sized representative of the genus, with relatively well-developed longitudinal connections both in upper and lower molars, but incomplete stephanodonty. M1 displays high tubercles t6–t9 and low t4–t8 connections. M1 and, to a lesser extent, M2 have posterior spurs on t1 and t3. The t9 and t12 are absent in M2. In m1, a round islet of enamel between the anteroconid and the protoconid-metaconid is regularly observed, as well as a general lack of medial anteroconid, moderate labial cingulum with large posterior accessory cuspid, and longitudinal spur. The new species differs from other European representatives of the genus Paraethomys mainly in its size, which is intermediate between that of the small-sized Paraethomys meini and the large-sized Paraethomys abaigari. In addition, both the size and relative width are smaller than those of Paraethomys jaegeri. The frequency of posterior spurs on t1 and t3 of M1 and M2 is higher than that of P. meini and lower than that of P. jaegeri. The new species here described represents a key biochronological and biostratigraphic marker, since it is restricted to levels of late early Ruscinian age. Thus, this species is useful for establishing divisions within the early Ruscinian, and becomes a characteristic taxon for the early Pliocene in the terrestrial record of the Iberian Peninsula. Magnetobiostratigraphic correlations suggest a chronological range for P. baeticus sp. nov. between ca. 4.6 and 4.3 Ma.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2020, 65, 4; 719-731
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determinants of use of climate change adaptation practices by rice farmers in Kebbi state, north-west Nigeria
Autorzy:
Yakubu, D.H.
Oladele, O.I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2080923.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
climate change
smallholder farmers
Nigeria
climate adaptation
adoption
livelihoods
Opis:
Rice productivity and sustainability are threatened by both biotic and abiotic stresses, the effects of which can be further aggravated by dramatic changes in global climate. The most viable option for rice farmers is to use climate change adaptation practices. This study therefore investigated the determinants of use of climate change adaptation practices among rice farmers in Kebbi State, North-West, Nigeria. Data were collected from a sample of 279 farmers selected using a multistage sampling procedure. The results of the data analysis revealed that the farmers used improved rice varieties, intercropping, recommended rates of fertilizers and other chemicals as climate change adaptation practices among others. Education, climate change awareness, and extension contact significantly influenced the use of climate change adaptation practices among the farmers. Other determinants of use of climate change adaptation practices among the farmers were years of cooperative membership, affordability, farming experience, weather information and farm size. It was concluded that use of climate change adaptation practices was determined by socioeconomic, institutional and technological characteristics. It is recommended among others that government policy should be geared towards encouraging the farmers especially the younger ones to acquire more formal education, larger farmlands and more climate change awareness.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego; 2021, 21[36], 1; 52-69
2081-6960
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On existence of shape optimization for a p-Laplacian equation over a class of open domains
Autorzy:
Guo, Bao-Zhu.
Yang, D. H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/206462.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
Laplacian
shape optimization
existence
Opis:
In this paper, we introduce four new classes of open sets in general Euclidean space RN. It is shown that every such class of open sets is compact under the Hausdorff distance. The result is applied to a shape optimization problem of p-Laplacian equation. The existence of the optimal solution is presented.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2014, 43, 1; 15-31
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Identification of Vietnamese Ochna integerrima (Lour.) merr species based on ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequence
Autorzy:
Trang, D.H.
Van Dong, D.
Chung, B.H.
Gioi, D.H.
Khanh, T.D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11712.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Źródło:
International Letters of Natural Sciences; 2018, 68
2300-9675
Pojawia się w:
International Letters of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thermal Recycling of Bentonite Waste as a Novel and a Low-Cost Adsorbent for Heavy Metals Removal
Autorzy:
Shubber, Mukhtar D. H.
Kebria, Daryoush Yousefi
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201677.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
bentonite
heavy metal
isotherm
thermal remediation
hazardous waste
Opis:
The objectives of this study are the thermal remediation of bentonite waste to convert non-hazardous material, and the use of the obtainedthermal recycling bentonite waste (TRBW) as a novel low-cost adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution using the batch system. The origin of bentonite waste is a by-product from plants of spent engine oil recycling [PSEOR]. It was remediated in two stages, directly burning and in the electrical furnace at 700 °C for 100 minutes to eliminate oil residues and impurities. The tests of XRD, BET, FTIR, EDX, and SEM were accomplished to identify the chemical and physical characteristics of TRBW. After then, the examination of the ability of TRBW to adsorption of the fiveheavy metals (Zn, Ni, Cd, Cr, and Pb) with different experimental parameters such as initial concentration, adsorbent dose, temperature, pH, and contact time. Different models of isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic were utilized andthe results indicate that the nature of heavy metals adsorption onto TRBW was homogeneous. According to the maximum adsorption capacities, the metals ranked as Pb> Cd> Zn> Cr> Ni, and adsorption capacities were 94.97, 73.85, 39.56, 38.34, and 36.33 mg/g, respectively.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2023, 24, 5; 288--305
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Variation in premaxillary tooth count and a developmental abnormality in a tyrannosaurid dinosaur
Autorzy:
Miyashita, T.
Tanke, D.H.
Currie, P.J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23378.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
paleontology
tooth variation
premaxillary tooth
tooth
developmental abnormality
tyrannosaurid dinosaur
Dinosauria
Theropoda
Tyrannosauridae
tooth count
developmental regulation
Dinosaur Park Formation
Alberta city
Canada
Opis:
Premaxillary tooth count tends to be stable amongst toothed dinosaurs, and most theropods have four teeth in each premaxilla. Only one case of bilaterally asymmetric variation is known in theropod premaxillary dentition, and there is no record of ontogenetic or individual variation in premaxillary tooth count. Based on these observations, a tyrannosaurid left premaxilla with three teeth (TMP 2007.20.124) is an interesting deviation and represents an unusual individual of Daspletosaurus sp. with a developmental abnormality. The lower number of teeth is coupled with relatively larger alveoli, each of which is capable of hosting a larger than normal tooth. This indicates that tooth size and dental count vary inversely, and instances of reduction in tooth count may arise from selection for increased tooth size. On the other hand, the conservative number of premaxillary teeth in most theropods implies strong developmental constraints and a functional trade−off between the dimensions of the premaxillary alveolar margin and the size of the teeth. In light of recent advances in the study of tooth morphogenesis, tooth count is a function of two parameters: dimensions of an odontogenic field for a tooth series, and dimensions of tooth positions. A probable developmental cause for the low tooth count of TMP 2007.20.124 is that the dimensions of the alveoli expanded by approximately a third during tooth morphogenesis. Numerical traits such as tooth count are difficult to treat in a phylogenetic analysis. When formulating a phylogenetic character, a potential alternative to simply counting is to rely on the morphological signature for developmental parameters that control the number of the element in question.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2010, 55, 4
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The integration between Trichogramma evanescens west. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatide) and selected bioinsecticides for controlling the potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella (Zell.) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) of stored potatoes
Autorzy:
Mandour, N.S.
Sarhan, A.A.
Atwa, D.H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/66835.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Opis:
The efficacy of the egg-egg parasitoid Trichogramma evanescens (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and certain bioinsecticides (e.g., Neemix, Virotecto, Agerin, Dipel 2x and Spinosad) for controlling the potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under storage conditions was studied. Single and combined treatments of T. evanescens and the bioinsecticides were tested. Neemix and spinosad were evaluated as spray treatments. Virotecto, Agerin and Dipel 2x were evaluated as dust and spray treatments. Data were recorded in terms of rate of infestation, reduction of infestation, number of P. operculella pupae, and number of mines per 20 tubers as well as percentage of edible parts. Data revealed that the percentage of infestation in the control treatment was as high as in the Neemix treatment being 96.67 and 90% after one and two months of storage, respectively. Obviously, Spinosad and Dipel 2x were the most effective bioinsecticides in reducing tuber infestation and number of P. operculella recovered pupae. Virotecto and Agerin reduced rate of infestation and number of recovered P. operculella pupae over that of the control, but their effect was significantly lower than that of Spinosad or Dipel 2x. Moreover, there were significant differences among treatments in the form of the number of P. operculella tunnels and percentages of edible parts after two months in storage. Data further indicated that the integration between the tested bioinsecticides and T. evanescens enhanced the control of P. operculella. Significant differences in percentages of infestation, edible parts, number of recovered pupae as well as number of mines in stored potatoes existed between individual treatments (without Trichogramma) and combined treatments.
Źródło:
Journal of Plant Protection Research; 2012, 52, 1
1427-4345
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Plant Protection Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 1207

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