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Tytuł:
Struktura i dynamika wielogeneracyjnych starodrzewów sosnowych występujących w obszarach ochrony ścisłej Kaliszki i Sieraków w Kampinoskim Parku Narodowym. Część 1. Zróżnicowanie gatunkowe, zagęszczenie i pierśnicowe pole przekroju
Structure and dynamics of uneven−aged Scots pine−dominated old−growth stands in Kaliszki and Sieraków strict protection areas in the Kampinos National Park. Part 1. Species composition, tree density and basal area
Autorzy:
Brzeziecki, B.
Zajączkowski, J.
Olszewski, A.
Bolibok, L.
Andrzejczyk, T.
Bielak, K.
Buraczyk, W.
Drozdowski, S.
Gawron, L.
Jastrzębowski, S.
Szeligowski, H.
Żybura, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/978936.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
forest dynamics
long−term research
old−growth forest
permanent study plot
strict protection
tree
species composition
Opis:
The paper describes changes, which took place over the last 30 years in old−growth forest stands occupying two permanent research plots, established in the Kaliszki and Sieraków strict protection areas in the Kampinos National Park (central Poland). Both plots have a form of ecological transects. The Kaliszki plot is 20 m wide and 700 m long (1.40 ha), while the Sieraków plot (total area of 2.56 ha) consists of two parts: main (40×460 m) and side (40×180 m) transect. In the Kaliszki plot, the stand measurements were conducted in 1993, 2007, and 2017, while in the Sieraków plot – in 1989, 1994, 2006, and 2017. For every tree with breast height diameter (DBH) 5 cm, species identity, DBH and spatial coordinates were determined. Starting from the second census, all trees which had died (‘losses’), as well as trees which exceeded the DBH threshold (‘gains’) since the previous record were noted, as well. The major tree species occurring on sample plots are Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), pedunculate oak (Quercus robur), silver and downy birch (Betula sp.), and black alder (Alnus glutinosa). During the study period, the overall tree density declined by ca. 50%. The diminishing trends occurred for all dominant tree species. In contrast to major, dominant tree species, the demographic status of a group of minor tree species (lime, hornbeam and maple) was much more stable. One may even speak about some expansion in this case. Particularly, hornbeam density increased rapidly in the period 2006−2017 in some areas of the main transect located in the Sieraków plot. The future studies will show if this tendency will be maintained and will include other regions of sample plots. Assuming a lack of significant disturbances, one may expect that the stands growing on research plots will rather slowly change in the nearest future. Most dynamics will have a quantitative and not qualitative character. One may anticipate, for example, a growing role of pedunculate oak at the expense of Scots pine, however, considering that the two species are rather long−living, they will probably for a long time keep their dominant roles in the stand canopies.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2020, 164, 05; 392-403
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Struktura i dynamika wielogeneracyjnych starodrzewów sosnowych występujących w obszarach ochrony ścisłej Kaliszki i Sieraków w Kampinoskim Parku Narodowym. Część 2. Procesy zamierania i dorastania oraz ich wpływ na rozkład grubości drzew
Structure and dynamics of uneven−aged, Scots pine−dominated, old−growth stands in Kaliszki and Sieraków strict reserves in Kampinos National Park. Part 2. Tree mortality and recruitment processes and their effects on tree diameter distributions
Autorzy:
Brzeziecki, B.
Zajączkowski, J.
Olszewski, A.
Bolibok, L.
Andrzejczyk, T.
Bielak, K.
Buraczyk, W.
Drozdowski, S.
Gawron, L.
Jastrzębowski, S.
Szeligowski, H.
Żybura, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979128.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
demographic non−equilibrium
diameter structure
long−term study
old−growth forest
permanent study
plot
scots pine
strict protection
Opis:
Two fundamental demographic processes (tree recruitment and mortality) are analyzed for forest stands growing on permanent study plots located in strictly protected Scots pine−dominated, old−growth stands of Kampinos National Park (central Poland). The major implications of the observed demographic trends for the general shape of tree size distributions are determined, as well. During the past ca 30 years, in the stands sampled, there was a pronounced lack of balance between mortality and recruitment processes. Mortality rate was eight times higher than recruitment rate. Eventually, there was a net significant decline in population density, observed for all major tree species, including Scots pine, pedunculate oak, silver and downy birch, and black alder. As mortality processes affected mainly smaller trees, there was also a significant deterioration of the general demographic status of most important tree species. This effect was shown by the change of the overall shape of diameter distributions over the study period: from reverse J−shaped to flat curves running nearly parallel to X−axis. The values of recruitment rates were markedly lower, and the values of mortality rates – significantly higher, than analogous values characterizing comparable forests (e.g., those obtained for the natural stands of Białowieża National Park). Low recruitment rates, as obtained for Kampinos stands, suggest that presently, in the local, Scots pine−dominated, old−growth stands, the general conditions for forest regeneration and for maintaining a long−term demographic stability are unfavorable. Most probably, the regeneration of this type of forest has an episodic, ‘wave−like’ character and corresponds to the ‘catastrophic’ model, according to which the successful regeneration of current dominants (especially Scots pine, silver and downy birch, black alder) must be preceded by a stand−initiating (stand−replacing) disturbance, leading to total or partial, but heavy, destruction of the currently existing stand. At the moment, it would be difficult to predict, however, if and when such a disturbance will affect the stands under investigation. Thus, we predict that in the nearest future at least, the state of overall demographic unbalance will continue or even increase.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2020, 164, 06; 443-453
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Warunki wilgotnościowe powietrza na zrębie zupełnym i gnieździe
Air humidity on the clear-cut and the gap
Autorzy:
Chojnacka-Ożga, L.
Ożga, W.
Andrzejczyk, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979332.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
clear−cut
gap
vapour pressure
relative humidity
vapour pressure deficit
Opis:
The aim of the study was to determine the spatial variation of vapour pressure (e), relative humidity (f) and vapour pressure deficit (Δ) on the clear−cut and gap as well as to compare the spatial distribution of air humidity conditions on both areas. The research was carried out in Rogów Forest Experimental Station (51.827023°N, 19.922315°E) on a clear−cut with a width of 60 m and on a gap of an ellipsoid shape (40×70 m). The measurements were carried out in two series: spring−summer, i.e. in the period when the height of the sun during the day conditioned inflow of direct solar radiation to any surface (May−August 2006), and autumn, i.e. when direct radiation was limited by neighbouring stands (October−November 2006). We found the modest spatial diversification of vapour pressure that, on average, amounted to 0.4 and 0.2 hPa in the clear−cut and gap, respectively, in spring−summer period as well as 0.3 and 0.7 hPa, respectively, in the autumn. The major impact of the clear−cut and gap location was marked in relative humidity and humidity deficit. Differences in relative humidity on the clear−cut amounted averagely to 3.7 and on the gap 12.7%, whereas the humidity deficit equalled 0.3 and 5.4 hPa, respectively. Particularly large diversification of relativity humidity and vapour pressure deficit was in spring−summer period in the situation of heat waves. In that weather conditions in sun−filled clear−cut and gap parts, the relativity humidity fall to about 17%, whereas vapour pressure deficit increased to about 60 hPa. In the same clear−cut and gap parts the occurrence of dry days was more frequent that in other places. It was noticed that in the positions located in sun−filled clear−cut and gap parts (z4, g3), the diurnal vapour pressure course was very similar to the one observed in the forest, whereas the course of the relativity humidity and vapour pressure deficit was significantly different. That is mainly involved with the extreme thermal conditions in this parts of the studied areas. The least beneficial humidity conditions for plants growth occurred in the north−east parts of clear−cut and gap, that’s why it necessary to take particular note of these locations when undertaking the silvicultural treatments.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2020, 164, 07; 594-603
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jakość hodowlana buka zwyczajnego (Fagus sylvatica L.) po 20 latach wzrostu na powierzchni proweniencyjnej w Nadleśnictwie Brzeziny
Silvicultural quality of common beeches (Fagus sylvatica L.) after 20 years of growth on a provenance plot in Brzeziny Forest District
Autorzy:
Szeligowski, H.
Buraczyk, W.
Drozdowski, S.
Andrzejczyk, T.
Stępniarek, M.
Dzwonkowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/980226.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
hodowla lasu
drzewa lesne
buk zwyczajny
Fagus sylvatica
jakosc hodowlana
wzrost roslin
pokroj
doswiadczenia proweniencyjne
Nadlesnictwo Brzeziny
provenance plots
growth traits of trees
tree habit
silvicultural quality
Opis:
Paper presents an analysis of phenotypical variation and an evaluation of silvicultural quality of progeny from 27 beech stands around Poland that grow on the provenance plot in the Brzeziny Forest District (51.791997°N, 19.813841°E). The trial commenced in spring 1996, on the basis of 2−year−old saplings with covered root systems. A randomised block method with 3 replications was applied, with subsequent measurements and analyses carried out in 2015, following 20 years of growth. The considered features included height, breast−height diameter, crown habit, trunk curvature and height of branching. Single−factor analysis of variance and Tukey’s HSD test were applied to determine the significance of differences among provenances. The largest mean height was attained by beeches originating from Gdańsk, Szczecinek and Bierzwnik. The least−tall beeches were in turn those whose origins were in Tomaszów, Łagów and Grodzisk. The greatest intra−population variation in height characterised the beeches from Gryfino and Krucz, while the most limited variation was noted for Gdańsk population. The beeches of greatest girth were again those deriving from Gdańsk, Bierzwnik and Szczecinek populations, as well as the one from Kwidzyn 15. The lowest values for diameter at breast height were again noted for the Grodzisk, Tomaszów and Łagów provenances. Marked intra−population variation in this feature characterised trees from the Gryfino, Bieszczady National Park (42), Zdrojów and Krucz provenances. The populations also differered in relation to analysed more−qualitative features. The group of populations prized most in terms of their overall silvicultural quality included Gryfino, Grodzisk, Zdrojów, Bieszczady National Park, Bierzwnik and Szczecinek provenances. In contrast, only low quality was manifested by beeches from Tomaszów, Rymanów, Wejherowo, Młynary, Golub− −Dobrzyń and Kwidzyn provenances. In general, populations originating from the north (especially Pomerania) achieved better growth and a more favourable quality evaluation than those from the south, and sites located near the range limits of the species (fig. 7). The obtained results show that northern Poland boasts the most plastic populations of beech. Equally, it was not possible to establish that populations of local origin were superior in terms of growth to those originating in more far−flung parts of Poland. Furthermore, assessments of different populations in terms of their growth and quality features often proved highly disparate.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 07; 590-600
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Warunki termiczne powietrza na zrębie zupełnym i gnieździe
Air temperature on the clear-cut and the gap
Autorzy:
Chojnicka-Ożga, L.
Ożga, W.
Andrzejczyk, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985725.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
lasy
zrab zupelny
zrab gniazdowy
warunki termiczne
temperatura powietrza
zroznicowanie przestrzenne
zroznicowanie temperatur
forest
felling site
air temperature
late frost
heat waves
Opis:
The aim of the study was to determine the spatial variation of air temperature on the clear−cut and gap as well as to compare the distribution of thermal conditions on both areas. The research was carried out in Rogów Forest Experimental Station (51.827023°N, 19.922315°E) on a clear−cut with a width of 60 m and on a gap (of an ellipsoid shape; 40×70 m). The measurements were carried out in two series: spring−summer, in the period when the height of the sun during the day conditioned inflow of direct solar radiation to any surface (May−August 2006), and autumn, when direct radiation was limited by neighboring stands (October−November 2006). Average values of air temperature on the gap in the spring−summer period differed in individual parts by 2.2°C, while on the clear−cut by 1.0°C. In the autumn, thermal diversity on both research plots was similar (0.8°C on average). The thermal diversity within the research plots was particularly marked in the case of extreme air temperature values. Differences between minimum temperature values in the spring−summer period amounted to 1.8°C on the clear−cut, and 1.3°C on the gap, while in the autumn to 1.0°C on both research plots. Higher differentiation occurred in the case of the maximum temperature: the differences in spring−summer equaled 3.1°C on the clear−cut and 8.7°C on the gap, and in the autumn 2.7 and 3.1°C, respectively. In May, three late frost days occurred on the clear−cut, while on the gap the no frost was recorded. All late frost situations occurred during radiation weather characterized by weak wind blowing across the clear−cut. The diurnal course of air temperature in the spring−summer period was dependent on the range of shadow of the position, while in the autumn these trends were similar in each position.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 08; 655-664
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ ogłowienia i przerzedzenia na wzrost grabu (Carpinus betulus L.) w młodniku dębowym (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.)
Influence of decapitating and thinning on growth of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) in the oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) thicket
Autorzy:
Andrzejczyk, T.
Brzeziecki, B.
Szeligowski, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979514.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
hodowla lasu
drzewostany mieszane
drzewostany grabowo-debowe
mlodniki
grab pospolity
Carpinus betulus
zabiegi pielegnacyjne
przerzedzanie
oglawianie
wzrost roslin
przyrost wysokosci
przyrost piersnicy
interspecific competition
pre−commercial thinning
decapitating
mixed stand
Opis:
The aim of this study was to quantify 4−year growth and increment of 11− to 15−year−old, artificially regenerated hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) playing the role of the tending (nursery) species in the oak stand of the same age, after the silvicultural treatments aimed at reducing its competition against the oak. The study included three types of experimental treatments: decapitating of all hornbeam trees (OG), schematic reduction of hornbeam density (R50, removal of every second hornbeam in a row) and control (K, without treatment). The trial stand is located in Rogów (51.827023° N, 19.922315° E) and was established in 2004 on a moderately fertile site. The experiment was carried out in the spring 2013 (9 years after planting). Height and breast height diameter (dbh) of trees were measured every two years. During the study period, the height increment of decapitated trees was significantly larger than in R50 and K variants, while the dbh increment of trees in R50 variant was significantly larger than in K and OG variants. The height increment of hornbeam in R50 and OG variant and the dbh increment in R50 variant were positively correlated with height and diameter of trees before the treatment, while the dbh increment after decapitating was negatively correlated with tree dimensions before treatment. The decapitating treatment reduced the competitive ability of hornbeam more effectively than the schematic thinning removing 50% of hornbeam trees. After 4 years in the first case, oaks were on average 1 m higher than hornbeams, and in the second case, there was an opposite situation. In order to improve the effectiveness of the thinning treatment, a selective cutting should be performed (removal of the largest hornbeams), and in order to slow down the regeneration of hornbeams after decapitating, the treatment should be carried out during the top of the growing season.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 03; 179-187
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ redukcji konkurencji brzozy brodawkowatej na wzrost dębu bezszypułkowego w fazie młodnika
Effect of reducing silver birch competition on growth of sessile oak during the thicket stage
Autorzy:
Andrzejczyk, T.
Milewski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985742.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
hodowla lasu
drzewostany mieszane
brzoza brodawkowata
Betula pendula
konkurencyjnosc
mlodniki
dab bezszypulkowy
Quercus petraea
wzrost roslin
betula pendula
interspecific competition
mixed−stand
quercus
stand treatment
Opis:
Naturally regenerated silver birch is one of the most abundant competitor for planted seedlings in central Poland. The effect of the interaction between planted oak seedlings and naturally regenerated birch was studied in 14−17−years−old sessile oak stand. The experiment was established at stand age of 14−years. At that time, there were around 4000 oaks and 10000 birches per hectare. A sample of dominant individuals of oak were selected and one of three treatments were applied to each individual. The treatments included: (i) removal of all naturally regenerated trees in a radius of 1 m (W1), (ii) removal of all naturally regenerated trees in a radius of 2 m (W2) and (iii) untreated control (K). Breast height diameter and height of selected oaks were measured during three years following the experiment establishment. The release of competition resulted in greater diameter and height growth. The diameter growth was increasing with an increment of free space from oak and was the greatest in the W2 treatment. The increment of height growth was similar regardless of the treatment radius. In practical forestry, silver birch can be recommended as admixture in pure oak stands with low survival rate as replacement for dead oaks. However, a minimum distance of 2 m between oak and birch should be kept.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 06; 452-459
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Odnowienie naturalne drzew w Puszczy Białowieskiej
Natural regeneration of trees in the Bialowieza Forest
Autorzy:
Brzeziecki, B.
Andrzejczyk, T.
Żybura, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985949.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
Puszcza Bialowieska
odnowienia naturalne
drzewa lesne
topola osika
Populus tremula
brzoza brodawkowata
Betula pendula
brzoza omszona
Betula pubescens
olsza czarna
Alnus glutinosa
sosna zwyczajna
Pinus sylvestris
dab szypulkowy
Quercus robur
jesion wyniosly
Fraxinus excelsior
klon pospolity
Acer platanoides
wiaz gorski
Ulmus glabra
swierk pospolity
Picea abies
lipa drobnolistna
Tilia cordata
grab pospolity
proces dorastania
ekosystemy lesne
dynamika lasu
active approach
deer browsing
long−term study
multifunctional forest management
natural recruitment
nature conservation
silvicultural treatment
strict protection
tree competition
tree diversity
Opis:
Since several years already, a massive infestation of bark beetle has taken place in the Białowieża Forest, decimating a local Norway spruce population. In consequence, many open areas appeared, practically deprived of trees and other forest vegetation. The existence of such areas has a very negative impact on multiple values of the Białowieża Forest: natural, social, economical and landscape−aesthetic values. The local forest administration prepared a strategy aimed at active restoration of diverse woodland communities typical for the Białowieża Forest in all places, where bark beetle infestation wiped up the spruce stands. Those plans were criticized by representatives of the environmental organizations who blamed the foresters for transforming the Białowieża Forest into ‘plantation’ and claiming that such measures are inconsistent with the existing forest management and protection plan. The postulate of environmentalists is that the recovery of woodland communities should proceed completely naturally. Taking into account the above mentioned controversies, in this paper we examine the issue of natural regeneration in the Białowieża Forest in detail. In particular, we try to determine to which extent this method of forest reproduction enables re−establishment of compositionally diverse woodland communities, distinguished by a high level of biological diversity and able to provide a wide range of commodities and benefits important for today’s society. Based on an extensive literature review we show that a combination of different (abiotic and biotic) factors, influencing establishment and subsequent growth of seedlings and saplings in the Białowieża Forest has long been strongly unfavorable for many tree species. In this regard, one should particularly emphasize the negative role of large herbivores, especially red deer, which is present in the Białowieża Forest since the end of 19th century, when it became a private hunting ground for Russian tzars. The devastating effect of deer browsing on natural regeneration is a well−documented phenomenon and widely recognized problem in the forestry practice. The fencing of young forest generation against game pressure is an indispensable measure, needed to secure the continuous existence of several tree species (first of all those palatable and vulnerable to browsing). Very strong arguments for an active approach to the described problem delivers also a long−term study on natural forest dynamics conducted since 1936. It shows that under conditions of strict protection the regeneration capacity of the Białowieża tree species is very variable. These differences lead to the compositional simplification and impoverishment of many tree stands, with numerous negative consequences for local biodiversity. We underline that an active management strategy is a basic prerequisite for maintaining a diverse character of the Białowieża stands and their ability to provide all important ecosystem services on a sustainable basis. Such a strategy should include, beside of the phase of establishment, also the subsequent developmental stages of new forest generations. The general goal of such a strategy should be to secure a possibly high diversity of tree composition and to enable the development of tree species representing a full range of life−history strategies and playing different successional roles: from typical pioneer species, through intermediate, to climax species.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2018, 162, 11; 883-896
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ grabu (Carpinus betulus L.) na wzrost i przeżywalność dębu (Quercus robur L.) w fazie młodnika
Effect of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) on growth and survival of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) during the thicket stage
Autorzy:
Andrzejczyk, T.
Brzeziecki, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985865.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
hodowla lasu
drzewostany mieszane
mlodniki
drzewa lesne
grab pospolity
Carpinus betulus
oddzialywanie na rosliny
dab szypulkowy
Quercus robur
wzrost roslin
przyrost wysokosci
przyrost piersnicy
artificial regeneration
carpinus
interspecific competition
mixing form
mixed−stand
quercus
silviculture
Opis:
Growth and mortality of oak (Quercus robur L.) in young mixed stands with various admixture of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) in the period of 9−13 years after planting were examined. The trial stand is located in central Poland (51.827023° N, 19.922315° E). It was established in 2004 on a moderately fertile site. Four experimental variants with different participation of oak (O) and hornbeam (H) were established: W1 – an oak monoculture (control variant, 100% O), W2 – a mixed stand consisting of two rows of oak and one row of hornbeam (67% O, 33% H), W3 – a mixed stand consisting of one row of oak and one row of hornbeam (50% O, 50% H), W4 – a mixed stand characterized by a single tree mixture, with three oaks and one hornbeam alternately occurring in each row (75% O, 25% H). During the first two years of the study period the height increments of oak trees were significantly larger in the study variants with hornbeam (the biggest in W3 variant), while during the next two years, the largest values of height increments occurred in the control variant (W1). Through the second part of the study period, the most pronounced, negative effect of hornbeam on the dbh increment of oak trees took place in the W3 variant. During the first nine years after planting the survival rate of oak trees in the variants with hornbeam were similar (82−94%) as in the control variant (85%). However, during the next four years, three times more oaks died in W3 variant (16,5%) than in other variants (5−7%). In general, the results obtained suggest that in order to create mixed oak stands with hornbeam as a nursery species, the share of hornbeam should not exceed 20−25% of all planted trees. The above value appears to be acceptable from the point of view of the negative competitive effects of hornbeam on oak trees during the initial stages of stand development.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2018, 162, 12; 989-997
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigations on mixture preparation for two phase adiabatic pressure drop of R134a flowing in 5 mm diameter channel
Autorzy:
Muszyński, T.
Andrzejczyk, R.
Dorao, C. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240440.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
adiabatic flow
frictional pressure drop
two-phase flow
flow pattern map
R134a
przepływ adiabatyczny
tarciowy spadek ciśnienia
przepływ dwufazowy
mapy przepływu
Opis:
The article presents detailed two-phase adiabatic pressure drops data for refrigerant R134a. Study cases have been set for a mass flux varying from 200 to 400 kg/m2s, at the saturation temperature of 19.4°C. Obtained experimental data was compared with the available correlations from the literature for the frictional pressure drop during adiabatic flow. Influence of mixture preparation on pressure drop was investigated, for varying inlet subcooling temperature in the heated section. The flow patterns have also been obtained by means of a high-speed camera placed in the visualization section and compared with literature observations.
Źródło:
Archives of Thermodynamics; 2017, 38, 3; 101-118
1231-0956
2083-6023
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Thermodynamics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The performance of H2O, R134a, SES36, ethanol, and HFE7100 two-phase closed thermosyphons for varying operating parameters and geometry
Autorzy:
Andrzejczyk, R.
Muszyński, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240401.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
two-phase closed thermosiphon
heat pipe
energy efficiency
NTU
number of heat transfer units
heat recovery
zamknięty termosyfon dwufazowy
rura cieplna
efektywność energetyczna
liczba jednostek przepływu ciepła
odzysk ciepła
Opis:
In this study, the influences of different parameters at performance two-phase closed thermosiphon (TPCT) was presented. It has been confirmed that the working fluid, as well as operating parameters and fill ratio, are very important factors in the performance of TPCT. The article shows characteristics of gravitational tube geometries, as well as the technical characteristic of the most important system components, i.e., the evaporator/condenser. The experiment’s plan and the results of it for the two-phase thermosiphon for both evaluated geometries with varying thermal and fluid flow parameters are presented. Experiments were performed for the most perspective working fluids, namely: water, R134a, SES36, ethanol and HFE7100. Obtained research proves the possibility to use TPCT for heat recovery from the industrial waste water.
Źródło:
Archives of Thermodynamics; 2017, 38, 3; 3-21
1231-0956
2083-6023
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Thermodynamics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ sposobu pielęgnowania uprawy na wzrost dębu
Effect of cleaning treatments on a growth of sessile oak in young growth phase
Autorzy:
Milewski, M.
Andrzejczyk, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/987058.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
uprawy lesne
zabiegi pielegnacyjne
czyszczenia wczesne
drzewa lesne
dab bezszypulkowy
Quercus petraea
wzrost roslin
przyrost drzew
przyrost piersnicy
przyrost wysokosci
wspolczynnik smuklosci
silviculture
stand tending
cleaning
quercus petraea
Opis:
We examined growth of oaks after cleaning carried out in a 11−year−old stand in Kolumna Forest District (central Poland). The purpose of the treatment was to remove naturally regenerated species mainly birch. Four different cleaning variants were applied. They differed in time of application and height of unwanted trees i.e. spring cleaning at ground level in every second oak row (W1) or over the entire surface (W2), breaking at a height of 1 m in spring (W3) or in summer (W4) and control (K) where trees were not removed. We analyzed height and its increment, dbh and its increment as well as slenderness, i.e. h:d ratio, in 4−year−long period after treatment. The study reviled that the cleaning, regardless of the applied method, significantly improved oak growth, while lack of cleaning led to increased competition of birch. The pressure from the other species firstly reduced diameter increment and later the height increment (tab.). As a result, the h:d ratio of oaks increased. The 4−year height and dbh increment were similar in all the applied treatments but in the last year of study the dbh increment in variants W2 and W4 was significantly higher than in W1 and W3 due to greater competition of birch in these variants (figs. 1 and 2). Cleaning done on a limited area provides satisfactory growth and stability for young oaks, but it is probable that such a stand needs more frequent intervention than the one from W2 cleaning variant.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2017, 161, 03; 189-195
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ terminu i sposobu wycinania brzozy brodawkowatej na jej regenerację i wzrost w uprawie dębowej
Effect of time and cleaning method on silver birch sprouting ability and growth in oak young growth
Autorzy:
Andrzejczyk, T.
Milewski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/987203.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
hodowla lasu
uprawy debowe
mlodniki debowe
zabiegi pielegnacyjne
ciecia pielegnacyjne
wycinanie drzew
terminy zabiegow
gatunki domieszkowe
brzoza brodawkowata
Betula pendula
zdolnosc regeneracyjna
regeneracja roslin
wzrost roslin
przyrost wysokosci
betula pendula
sprouts
stump height
growth
cleaning
silviculture
Opis:
The objective of the study was to examine the sprouting ability and growth of silver birch after cleaning in a 11−year−old oak stand in Kolumna Forest District (central Poland). The purpose of the cleaning was to remove naturally regenerated birch. Six different treatments were applied as a cleaning methods. They differed in time of application and height of cutting or breaking the birch sprouts, i.e. spring cleaning at ground level in every second oak row (W1) or over the entire surface (W2), cutting or breaking at a height of 1 m in spring (W3a, W3b) and cutting or breaking at a height of 1 m in summer (W4a, W4b). We analyzed the formation of new sprouts and their height and dbh increment over a 4−year period after the treatment. On average, after spring cleaning 10−20% of birches produced new sprouts when birch was cut at the ground level. When cut at one meter, 85−90% of birches produced new sprouts. Cleaning in the summer decreased the sprouting ability by 20−25%. There were also significant differences in height growth of sprout between spring (better) and summer (worse) time of cleaning. There were no significant differences in sprouting ability and sprout growth between cutting and breaking when done at the same time of the year. Thus, the most effective way to restrict competition of birch in young oak stands is cutting at ground level.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2017, 161, 04; 295-302
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gleby i siedliska drzewostanów nasiennych dębu szypułkowego (Quercus robur) i dębu bezszypułkowego (Q. petraea) w Polsce
Soils and forest site types of the seed stands of common (Quercus robur) and sessile (Q. petraea) oaks in Poland
Autorzy:
Andrzejczyk, T.
Sewerniak, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989647.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
hodowla lasu
dab bezszypulkowy
Quercus petraea
dab szypulkowy
Quercus robur
drzewostany nasienne
siedliska lesne
gleby lesne
bonitacja drzewostanow
quercus
seed stands
forest site
soil
silviculture
Opis:
The aim of the study was to investigate the structure of forest site types and of soil types of oak seed stands in Poland. The study was comparatively conducted with reference to sessile (Quercus petraea) and common (Q. robur) oaks. As in Poland the seed stands are established only in stands characterized by favourable both growth parameters and timber quality, it was suspected that the results of the study would enable to indicate optimal sites and soil units for oak breeding in Poland. The study was conducted on the basis of data obtained from the SEMEN database (www.bnl.gov.pl) which were broadened by descriptions of the investigated seed stands found in the Forest Data Bank (www.bdl.lasy.gov.pl). For both oak species, the research was conducted with reference to the two types of seed stands: permanent (WDN) and temporary (GDN). In total, 531 stands of Quercus petraea and 2043 of Q. robur located across whole Poland were investigated in the study. It was found that optimal soils as well as forest site types overlap for both investigated oak species only for fresh broadleaved forest (Lśw). For other forest type sites distinct differences for the oak species were found. The optimum for common oak were expanded towards the wet sites (moist broadleaved forest – Lw, and riparian forest – Lł), while for sessile oak towards semi−fertile mixed broadleaved forest (LMśw). It is interesting that seed stands of both oak species overgrow not only fine−textured soils, but significant share of them (ca. 50% area of Q. petraea and 15% of Q. robur seed stands) occurs on sandy soils (Brunic Arenosols mainly). It proves that Brunic Arenosols constitute forest sites enabling production of broadleaved forests characterized by favourable growth parameters and high timber quality. However, it is possible unless the soil have been podzolized by conifers due to podzolized Brunic Arenosols were rarely represented in the oak seed stands and, if so, the stands were characterized by relatively low site index. It was also stated that on podzolized Brunic Arenosols of fresh mixed coniferous forest (BMśw) admixture of oak should enable reducing negatively impact of conifers on a soil.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2016, 160, 08; 674-683
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Performance analyses of helical coil heat exchangers. The effect of external coil surface modification on heat exchanger effectiveness
Autorzy:
Andrzejczyk, R.
Muszyński, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240706.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
effectiveness
heat transfer intensification
number of transfer unit
helical coil
skuteczność
intensyfikacja wymiany ciepła
liczba jednostek przesyłowych
spirala
Opis:
The shell and coil heat exchangers are commonly used in heating, ventilation, nuclear industry, process plant, heat recovery and air conditioning systems. This type of recuperators benefits from simple construction, the low value of pressure drops and high heat transfer. In helical coil, centrifugal force is acting on the moving fluid due to the curvature of the tube results in the development. It has been long recognized that the heat transfer in the helical tube is much better than in the straight ones because of the occurrence of secondary flow in planes normal to the main flow nside the helical structure. Helical tubes show good performance in heat transfer enhancement, while the uniform curvature of spiral structure is inconvenient in pipe installation in heat exchangers. Authors have presented their own construction of shell and tube heat exchanger with intensified heat transfer. The purpose of this article is to assess the influence of the surface modification over the performance coefficient and effectiveness. The experiments have been performed for the steady-state heat transfer. Experimental data points were gathered for both laminar and turbulent flow, both for co current- and countercurrent flow arrangement. To find optimal heat transfer intensification on the shell-side authors applied the number of transfer units analysis.
Źródło:
Archives of Thermodynamics; 2016, 37, 4; 137-159
1231-0956
2083-6023
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Thermodynamics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 44

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