Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

English (EN)·Polski (PL)·Yкраїнський (UK)
Przejdź do strony domowej biblioteki Centralna Biblioteka Wojskowa Link otwiera się w nowym oknie Logo biblioteki Prolib Integro - strona głównaCentralna Biblioteka Wojskowa

Wyszukujesz frazę "the Byzantine" wg kryterium: Wszystkie pola

  Lista filtrów
Wyrównaj
Wyświetlanie 1-25 z 287
Tytuł:
The Christianization of Middle-Eastern Europe by the Byzantine Church
Autorzy:
Mironowicz, Antoni
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2167218.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Akademia Supraska
Tematy:
Christianization
Byzantine Church
Middle-Eastern Europe
Źródło:
Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej; 2011, Kościół prawosławny na Bałkanach i w Polsce – wzajemne relacje oraz wspólna tradycja, 2; 9-26
2082-9299
Pojawia się w:
Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Birth of the Myth About the Byzantine-Bulgarian War of 863
Autorzy:
Bardola, Kostiantyn
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31234025.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Byzantine Empire
Khan Boris
Christianization of Bulgaria
Michael III
Bardas
Opis:
The Byzantine-Bulgarian relationship from the mid-9th to the early 10th century has attracted the attention of historians for years. However, this topic is fraught with multiple myths and misconceptions. The Byzantine invasion of Bulgarian territories in 863 is one of these myths. This hypothesis became part of the master narrative of Bulgarian national historiography and significantly impacted the clarification of the actual motivation of all parties in the complex political process. However, an analysis of sources shows that the military raid under Basileus Michael III and Caesar Bardas into Bulgarian territory is nothing more than fiction. According to a new Byzantine propaganda policy, this narrative was created after the mid-10th century. This research observes how a simple interpolation becomes a historiographical hypothesis and the dominant historiographical narrative. Additionally, a new interpretation of the beginning of Bulgarian Christianization is proposed.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2023, 13; 191-214
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Excavations in the northern and eastern parts of the Byzantine town at Marea
Autorzy:
Derda, Tomasz
Gwiazda, Mariusz
Barański, Tomasz
Pawlikowska-Gwiazda, Aleksandra
Wieczorek, Dawid F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1632544.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-19
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Egypt
Roman | Byzantine | early Islamic
architecture
amphorae
terracotta figurine
Opis:
The ‘Marea’ project of the University of Warsaw expanded the program to survey and excavation in the northern and eastern parts of the city in order to establish the character and chronology of the structures there. The eastern waterfront was uncovered, along with the adjacent latrines, streets and buildings which are presumed to be residential. The structures which were examined were very regularly formed and involved large-scale earthworks. They were built no earlier than the mid-6th century AD, and, although their purpose sometimes changed, they remained in use until about the mid-8th century AD. Accumulations of Roman, Byzantine and early Islamic date were discovered, including the oldest remains this season, that is, a row of locally-manufactured amphorae serving an unexplained purpose.
Źródło:
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean; 2020, 29(2); 551-575
1234-5415
Pojawia się w:
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Alternatywna broń ogniowa epoki bizantyńskiej
An Alternative Incendiary Weapon of the Byzantine Era
Autorzy:
Suszczenia, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27312187.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
Greek fire
Siphons
Byzantine engineering
Ancient flamethrower
Hero of Byzantium
Heron z Bizancjum
inżynieria bizantyńska
starożytny miotacz ognia
syfony
grecki ogień
Opis:
Tekst przedstawia propozycję rozwikłania niejasności w kwestii broni ogniowej czasów bizantyńskich. Propozycją tą jest możliwość wykorzystywania przez Bizantyńczyków rozwiązań starożytnych, mianowicie broni ogniowej znanej od czasów wojny peloponeskiej. Zaproponowana hipoteza została skonfrontowana ze źródłami zawierającymi opisy broni ogniowej. Uwzględnia też wiodący dyskurs w tej materii oraz inne alternatywy, nie wykluczając ich, a jedynie poszerzając dotychczasowe założenia o nową możliwość.
The article offers to resolve the confusion about the firearms of the Byzantine era. The argument proposed is that the Byzantines could have used ancient weapons, namely firearms known from the Peloponnesian War. This hypothesis has been confronted with sources containing descriptions of firearms. The article also takes into account the leading discourse in this matter and other alternatives, not excluding them, but only extending the existing assumptions by a new possibility.
Źródło:
Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne; 2023, 16; 5-14
2450-4475
Pojawia się w:
Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Companion to the Byzantine Culture of War, ca. 300–1204, ed. Yannis Stouraitis, Brill, Leiden–Boston 2018 [= Brill’s Companions to the Byzantine World, 3], 6 maps, 3 figures, index, pp. X, 490.
Autorzy:
Pełech, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1032078.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-23
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2020, 10; 526-527
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An introduction to the Byzantine administration in Syro-Palestine on the eve of the Arab conquest
Autorzy:
Paweł, Filipczak
Wiewiorowski, Jacek
Mękarski, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/books/24964694.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
The work is an introduction to the topic of the Byzantine administration in Syro-Palestine between the reign of Justinian the Great and Heraclius. The book is based both on a thorough analysis of primary sources and on a skillful use of scholarly literature, produced by all the important centres of Byzantine studies. The author combines the findings of other scholars into a coherent whole, discussing a variety of phenomena which characterized the operation of the provincial administration in Syro-Palestine. The work’s main focus is on the administrative geography, the prosopography of the governors and duces of the Syro-Palestinian provinces and of the governors of the Diocese of the East. The book is particularly distinctive in its analysis of various issues from three different perspectives. The topic of the monograph is well-chosen. A monographic study devoted to the Syro-Palestinian administration in the period of the Late Roman Empire remains absent from scholarly literature. The topic choice is also determined by the kind of research into Byzantine civilization which the Łódź centre for Byzantine studies has long been involved in carrying out. The way in which the Author approaches the issues dealt with in the book is also fully justified. In addition to juxtaposing a variety of views, scattered throughout a huge body of literature, the Author offers his own original analyses of source material. Prof. Jacek Wiewiorowski Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Książka
Tytuł:
The Byzantine legal standard transposition strategies into the Romanian regulatory texts of the 17th century
Autorzy:
Cărburean, Diana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1191832.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT – Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Oświatowe
Tematy:
translation strategies
legal translation
functional equivalence
compensation
Opis:
Unlike the Canon law texts available in the Romanian principalities – Moldavia and Wallachia – falling under the Slavic influence, the first legal acts which are subscribed to the secular law and which appear in 1646 [“Carte Românească de Învățătură” (en. Romanian Book of Learning) or “Pravila lui Vasile Lupu” (en. Vasile Lupu’s Code of Laws)] and in 1652 [“Îndreptarea legii” (en. The Law’s Rectification) or Pravila lui Matei Basarab (en. Matei Basarab’s Code of Laws)] fall under the Greek-Byzantine influence. The present article aims to provide some information regarding the translation mechanisms applied by the Moldavian and Wallachian scholars of the 17th century who aimed at transposing the Byzantine Legal Standard to the everyday life of the two above mentioned Romanian principalities by means of fundamental procedures, such as “analysis (with the underlying meaning determination), transfer, restructuring, and testing” (Nida, 2004: 85) of the source message. The most precious information related to the translation process of those times is provided by the cases of untranslatability generated by the legal and terminological gap between the Receiver and the Transmitter. The identification and classification of these cases, but also the highlighting of the solutions the translator found to solve them, represent important steps in understanding the equivalenting process of two unequal legal systems that took place centuries ago in Eastern Europe, as illustrated by the case of the two Romanian principalities and the Greek-Byzantine one.
Źródło:
Studia Translatorica; 2019, 10; 391-404
2084-3321
2657-4802
Pojawia się w:
Studia Translatorica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dzieje świętych wizerunków w chrześcijaństwie – zarys historii
Veneration of images in christianity – short history
Autorzy:
Jasiewicz, Arkadiusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/495219.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe Franciszka Salezego
Tematy:
The Byzantine art
Icon
Iconoclasm
Catacombs
holy image
Opis:
Icon painting emerged in the Byzantine Empire - the Christian empire of the Hellenistic East during the years 330-1453 - as a fully fledged and widely spread art around 500 BC. The first steps in this art were taken in the early Christian art of painting including those examples found in the catacombs in the 2nd and 3:d centuries. It is an original, highly formalized art influenced by classical Greek art and Egyptian Hellenistic art as well as other art traditions especially Syrian. During the reign of Justus the Great who ruled in the Byzantine Empire for forty years (527-565), the Byzantine art of icon painting flourished. It continued to do so until the outburst of the Iconoclasm in 726. That year the emperor Leo III decreed that painting or using icons was to be regarded as idolatry. The Iconoclasm lived on, with a few intermissions until 843. From 843, when the church conquered the iconoclasm, the art of icon painting was revived, this time until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. This era was a golden age for the icon. During this second period of icon painting, its principal prototypes were shaped and the habit of adorning churches with icons was established.
Źródło:
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe; 2011, 29; 237-241
1232-8766
Pojawia się w:
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Elity bułgarskie po podboju bizantyńskim. 1018-1041 r.
The Bulgarian elites after the Byzantine conquest. 1018-1041
Autorzy:
Dudek, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/910118.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-01-24
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Bulgaria
Byzantium
emperor Basil II
Kometopouloi dynasty
Bulgarian aristocracy in 11th century
John the Orphanotrophos and his attempts at reform
Peter Deljan and the uprising in 1040-1041
Bułgaria
Bizancjum
cesarz Bazyli II
dynastia Komitopulów
arystokracja bułgarska w XI w.
Jan Orfanotrof i jego próby reform
Piotr Delian i powstanie w 1040-1041
Opis:
Cesarz Bazyli II podbijając Bułgarię w 1018 r. podzielił ją na prowincje zarządzane przez bizantyńskich namiestników. Kościół bułgarski pozostał pod zwierzchnictwem miejscowych kapłanów. Członkowie panującego rodu Komitopulów otrzymali pałacowe tytuły i apanaże, zaś pozostali bułgarscy nobilowie utrzymali swoje posiadłości służąc równocześnie w armii cesarskiej. Podjęta po dwóch dekadach przez ministra Jana Orfanotrofa próba redukcji ich znaczenia w lokalnych strukturach wojskowych i obciążenie podatkowe majętności doprowadziło do powstania Piotra Deliana w 1040-1041. Rezygnacja władz bizantyńskich z decyzji szkodzących prestiżowi bułgarskiej arystokracji przyczyniło się do uśmierzenia powstania. 
Emperor Basil II, conquering Bulgaria in 1018, divided it into a province managed by Byzantine governors. The Bulgarian church remained under the authority of local priests. Members of the ruling Kometopouloi family received palace titles and appanages, while the other Bulgarian nobles maintained their possessions while serving in the imperial army. After two decades by minister John of Orphanotrophos, attempt to reduce their significance in local military structures and the property tax burden led to the creation of Peter Deljan in 1040-1041. The resignation of Byzantine authorities from damaging the prestige of the Bulgarian aristocracy contributed to the relief of the uprising. 
Źródło:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2019, 26, 1; 43-71
0239-4278
2450-3177
Pojawia się w:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kariera polityczna Michała Psellosa na dworze bizantyńskim w XI wieku
Political Career of Michael Psellos on the Byzantine Court in the Xlth Century
Autorzy:
Domaradzki, Kamil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/18037716.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
The article presents political career of Xlth century’s intellectual, Michael Psellos. He owed his success on the Byzantine court not only to his knowledge and eloquence but also to his deviousness and ruthlessness. He held the highest court posts and offices which provided him a direct access to rulers and influence on their political decisions. Psellos had contacts with the most distinguished individuals of those times; he carried out domestic policy and, to a great extent, foreign policy of the Empire- he would put kings on thrones and faced unusually influential patriarch Michael Kerularios. Undoubtedly he was the most important political person in Emperor Isaac I Komnenos (1057-1059) times, who also became the ruler due to Psellos; but he also fell victim to his devious stratagem by renouncing the throne. Not all emperors, however, yielded to Psellos’s political dexterity. For instance, Roman IV Diogenes (1068-1071) considered hin as a mischievious courtier and did not trust him. Michael Psellos’s career broke about 1074/1075 during the rules of his dearest foster child, Michael Vll Doukas (1071-1078), who, following the ruthlessness of his master mentor, eliminated Psellos of political game.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica; 2005, 80; 117-138
0208-6050
2450-6990
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Byzantine Garden. What to Plant in the Garden according to 12th Book of Geoponica by Cassianus Bassus?
Autorzy:
Helbig, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027745.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Geoponica
Byzantine garden
garlic
artichoke
melon
leek
radish
celery
cucumbers
De re coquinaria
Apicius
Opis:
The main aim of this paper is to analyse the text of the 12th book of Geoponica for the purpose of identification of vegetable plants, which were described by Cassianus Bassus. The analysis will serve as the first step for further inquiries that will include the reconstruction of recipes that require some of the vegetables presented in the text.The text of Geoponica is a basic source learn about the agriculture but also the culinary art of the Byzantine Empire, even though it is rather hard to read due to the complicated style and quite a large number of technical terms (i.e. botanical, agronomical or astrological to name just a few). As already mentioned, the first part of the analysis is to identify the plants mentioned by Bassus, which will allow me to take further steps, i.e. to reconstruct the culinary recipes, in which the plants mentioned by the Author can be found. Without this precise identification, the reconstruction of the recipes would not be possible at all.In the 12th book of his Geoponica Bassus gave descriptions of several plants that should be taken into consideration while planning the garden, mostly for their medicinal or cooking properties. Amongst them, Author mentioned garlic, artichoke, melon, leek, radish, celery, and cucumbers. Having the rather big number of plants narrowed down will allow to demonstrate in vivo how they were served according to De re coquinaria by Apicius and present the practical usage of vegetables proposed by Bassus for cultivation. As Apicius’ cookbook is the only one preserved from Antiquity, it will remain the major source of the recipes presented in this paper.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2021, 11; 201-214
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Byzantine Office of Ἐπὶ τῶν κρίσεων and Its Holders (in the Light of Sphragistic Evidence and Written Sources)
Autorzy:
Antonov, Symeon
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/682415.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
epi ton kriseon
Byzantine supreme courts
Byzantine central and provincial administration
Byzantine 11th century
Opis:
The paper investigates the establishment of the office of the epi ton kriseon during the Reign of emperor Constantine IX Monomachos (1042–1055), analysing the reasons behind its creation and its initial character. In addition, a list of all holders of this office is provided, based on all available sources – sphragistic, epistolary, rhetorical, documentary, etc. The list is divided into two parts – before and after the sack of the Byzantine capital by the Crusaders in 1204. Certain conclusions are reached at the end of the paper based on the data from the first part of the list. Different aspects of the problem are examined, including the honorific titles of the epi ton kriseon, their other offices, activities and social bonds. Individuals who held this position include prominent figures such as Konstantinos, nephew of patriarch Michael I Keroularios (1043–1058) and the addressee of many letters from Michael Psellos, as well as the 12th–13th century historian Niketas Choniates. In the 11th–12th century, these officials were an indelible part of the Byzantine bureaucratic elite and the Constantinopolitan society; they exerted their power not only in the capital, but also in the provinces.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2017, 7; 9-25
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Technika ściennych malowideł bizantyjsko-ruskich. Część I - Przyrządzanie ciasta wapiennego i zaprawy oraz wykonywanie narzutów
TECHNIQUES APPLIED IN THE BYZANTINE — RUTHENIAN PAINTINGS PART 1: PREPARATION OF THE LIME PUTTY AND MORTAR AND MAKING THE TOPPING COATS FOR THE BYZANTINE-RUTHENIAN MURAL PAINTINGS
Autorzy:
Stawicki, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/539176.pdf
Data publikacji:
1970
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
malowidła bizantyjsko-ruskie
ciasto wapienne
Hermeneia Dionizosa
malarstwo ścienne
zaprawa wapienna
tynki monolitowe
Tipik
Opis:
In process of execution of the Byzantine-Ruthenian mural paintings the following three stages should be listed as basic: preparation of the lime putty, that of lime mortar, and the making of topping coats. The importance of all the above stages is being emphasized in all written records that have been preserved up to the present day. In addition to technological investigations the above-mentioned documents form the main source of our knowledge in the field of the painter’s techniques in use many years ago. From among the painter’s handbooks and other documents containing professional prescriptions and recommendations the oldest ones are coming from as late a time as the second half of the 16th century. Here should be named the „Tipik” by Nektariy, dated 1599 and a good deal of Russian manuscripts known under the name of „Podlinniks”. Among the Greek painter’s handbooks as the oldest one may be considered „Hermeneya” written after the year 1566. Quite a good deal of „Podlinniks” could be dated as early back as to the 17th century whereas the „Hermeneya” of Dionysos to the first half of the 18th century. The preparation of lime putty represented rather a complex and sometimes time-consuming procedure. Its main features were the mixing of lime with water, working it with the spade and the cleaning. The „Podlinniks” and particularly the „Tipik” provide a detailed description of methods used for removing of diluted salts (s.c. „emchugha”) from the lime by washing them out. The above washing process was aimed at reducing the content of harmful salts and at the same time at decreasing the binding strength of the future topping coat whicji the process had to some extent prevent its cracking. Among prescriptions included to the „Tipik” may be found an „old masters’ ” prescription that recommends the wintering of lime during the winter period and mixing the organic binders to the lime putty. The mortar was prepared from the lime putty with an admixture of suitable fillers. According to prescriptions under discussion the lime putty was mixed with the cut straw (of corn or grass) but also with tow and allowed a period of a few days for so called fermentation. The mortar of the first type served for preparing the lower while that of the latter type the upper topping coat. It was recommended in „Tipik” to add a proportion of sand to the lower layer. From among the fillers in use on the Ruthenian and Russian territories only the tow may be listed while on the Balkan and the actual territory of Turkey straw was used most commonly, and both the tow and straw in Poland. The sand admixture in varying proportions may be found in all the countries concerned. The topping coats for the Byzantine-Ruthenian paintings have underwent an evolution as result of which the s.c. monoliths containing the marble and limestone breakage and the pottery breakage most commonly used on Ruthenian territories were in time replaced by s.c. spongey plasters where in turn an organic matter was used in form of vegetable fibres. The monolithic plasters were applied in the early Byzantine period (the 8 th to the 11th century) and on the Ruthenian territories (the 10th to the 12th century). The origins of that type of plasters should be sought in Roman tradition. A ll the written sources baing in fact prescriptions of a later date list the s.c. spongey plasters only. At the execution of topping coats a careful attention was devoted to the cleaning of brickworks to be coated with the lime mortar as w e ll as to their suitable damping with water. The topping coats were thoroughly tamped and then carefuly smoothed. It was also recommended by „Tipik” to drive m ils into brickwork and, in full accordance with Cennini’s recommendations, to apply the moisture-resistant insulation where the brickworks were moist. The lime mortar was normally thrown starting from the uppermost left-side wall portions gradually moving down to the right side. The particular portions of the s.c. dayworks as a rule comprised the definite compositions. Both „Tipik” and Hermeneya” recommend the application c f the double-layer plasters the lower layer of which should be thinner while the upper thicker one. However, we know from observations made that the single-layer plasters were applied commonly enough (for example, in Macedonia and Serbia). For the Byzantine-Ruthenian paintings found on Polish territories plasters of both types were used. The thicknesses of plasters varied in different countries mainly depending upon the material used for erection of temples and the wall structure and tex tu re. They were thin on ashlars (ranging to a few m illimetres) and thicker on brickwork walls (1 to 4 cm). In addition to differences present in several types of plasters applied for the Byzantine-Ruthenian paintings quite a remarkable number of features common for both types may be named. Suitable fillers and especially the vegetable fibres furnished the plasters with strength and lasting freshness allowing the easier and longer execution of painting using al fresco technique. It were the plasters then that played decisive part in the choice of manner by means of which were executed mural paintings belonging to the Byzantine- Ruthenian tradition.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 1970, 4; 267-278
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tsar Samuel Against Emperor Basil II: Why Did Bulgaria Loose the Battle With the Byzantine Empire at the Beginning of the 11th century
Autorzy:
Ivanov, Ivelin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/682378.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
At the beginning of the 11th century, after decades of almost incessant wars with the Byzantine Empire, the Bulgarian state lost its political independence. In many research works on the period in question there is emphasis put on the stabilization of the Empire at the end of the 10th and the beginning of the 11th century as a major factor or a reason for the loss of our political independence for a century and a half. Naturally, the internal political state of affairs in the Bulgarian Tsardom and the decline of its military power resulting from the loss of independence also made it easier for Emperor Basil II to put pressure on the Balkans. This article deals with the issue of the reasons for the decline in the Bulgarian military power at the end of the 10th and the beginning of the 11th century, the changes in the military stratagems observed in the wars of tsar Samuel and his successors to the throne. Why did Samuel avoid pitched battles? Why do the sources speak mostly about lightly-equipped Bulgarian armies? Why did the Bulgarians of the time take over fortresses after prolonged sieges and mainly through starvation and military stratagems? The present article attempts to give an answer to these questions, based on the written sources of the period and the works of historians.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2011, 1; 205-212
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Instytucja rodziny w teologii Pawłowej i Bizancjum w opiniach sądów cerkiewnych Despotatu Epiru
The Institution of the Family in Pauline theology and Byzantium in Despotat Epirus’s Church Court Opinions
Autorzy:
Borkowski, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/420202.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
rodzina
małżeństwo
Bizancjum
sądownictwo cerkiewne
family
marriage
the Byzantine
Orthodox judiciary
Opis:
Św. Paweł naucza, że życie rodzinne opiera się na związku mężczyzny i kobiety, które symbolizuje związek między Chrystusem i Jego Cerkwią. Drugą wskazówką życia rodzinnego jest edukacja i wychowanie dzieci „w Chrystusie”. Apostoł Paweł w swoich listach udziela rodzicom rad, w jaki sposób należy wychowywać swoje dzieci, a dzieciom, jak powinni się zachowywać wobec swoich rodziców. W tych zaleceniach można wyróżnić podstawowe elementy edukacji chrześcijańskiej dzieci. Dla apostoła Pawła zachowanie zdrowych relacji jest niezbędne nie tylko w stosunkach między małżonkami, ale także w relacjach między rodzicami i dziećmi. Rodzice ponoszą główną odpowiedzialność za tworzenie pedagogicznych relacji z dziećmi i mogą przyczynić się do ich edukacji, poprzez dostarczanie im właściwych bodźców społecznych. Instytucja rodziny od dawna przyciąga zainteresowanie uczonych bizantyjskich. Pod wpływem - między innymi - nauk społecznych, w ostatnich latach położono szczególny nacisk na funkcję rodziny jako jednostki społecznej i ekonomicznej w społeczeństwie bizantyńskim. Ponieważ małżeństwo jest podstawą do tworzenia rodziny, omawiany obszar badawczy obejmuje przepisy regulujące zawieranie małżeństw (wiek, kryteria wyboru małżonka), zaręczyn, przeszkód do zawarcia małżeństwa, instytucji posagu, statusu żony i dzieci, rozwodów, itd. U Rzymian, małżeństwo było aktem cywilnym. W miarę rozprzestrzeniania się chrześcijaństwa, Cerkiew stopniowo zajmowała stanowisko odnośnie tej instytucji. Celem małżeństwa jest prokreacja i utrwalenie rasy ludzkiej, pod tym względem jest przedmiotem zainteresowania zarówno Cerkwi i państwa. Istotny punkt zwrotny został osiągnięty przez Leona VI Mądrego (886-912), który uznał małżeństwo pobłogosławione przez Cerkiew za jedyne legalne. Później, poczynając od Tomosu (997) patriarchy Sysaniusza, skodyfikowano przeszkody do zawarcia małżeństwa z powodu pokrewieństwa lub powinowactwa. Ważnymi źródłami do badań nad rodziną i stosunkami prawnymi wynikającymi z małżeństwa są decyzje i opinie sądów cerkiewnych Despotatu Epiru, a zwłaszcza te należące do biskupów Jana Apokaukosa i Demetriosa Chomatenosa.
St Paul teaches that family life is founded on the union of a man and woman, which symbolises the relation between Christ and His Church. A second guideline to family life is the education and upbringing of children “in Christ.” The Apostle Paul, in his letters provides parents with advice on how they should raise their children, and children on how they should behave in relation to their parents. In this advice, although limited in number and extend, one can distinguish the basic elements of Christian education for children. For the Apostle Paul, the cultivation of healthy relations is indispensable, not only in the relations between husbands and wives, but also in the relationship between parents and children. Parents have the main responsibility for the creation of pedagogic relation with their children and they can contribute to their education, by providing them social stimuli. The institution of the family has long attracted the interest of Byzantine scholars. Influenced by, among other things, the social sciences, the focus has expanded in recent years to include the function of the family as a social and economic unit in Byzantine society. Since marriage is the basis for the formation of a family, the field of study embraces the rules governing the contracting of a marriage (age, criteria for the selection of a spouse), betrothal, impediments to marriage, the institution of marriage portions and bridal gifts, the status of the wife and children, divorce and so on. Under the Romans, marriage was a civil act. As Christianity spread, the Church gradually came to intervene and acquire a role in the institution. The purpose of marriage is procreation and the perpetuation of the human race, and in this sense, it is of interest to both church and state. A turning-point was reached with the promulgation by Leo VI the Wise (886-912) of Novella 89, which laid down that only marriages blessed by the Church were legal. Later statues, beginning with the Tome (997) of Patriarch Sisinnius, codified the impediments to marriage by reason of kinship or affinity. Among the most illuminating sources for the study of the family and the legal relations deriving from marriage are the decisions and opinions of the ecclesiastical courts of the principality of Epirus and specifically those of the Metropolitan, John Apokaukos, and the Archdiocese of Ochrid, under Demetrios Chomatenos. It is interesting to note that these two prelates considered the cases brought before them not only in the light of the secular law and Church rules, but also with a certain broadness of mind and social sensitivity.
Źródło:
ELPIS; 2016, 18; 37-44
1508-7719
Pojawia się w:
ELPIS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Periodic Revival or Continuation of the Ancient Military Tradition? Another Look at the Question of the KATÁFRAKTOI in the Byzantine Army
Autorzy:
Wojnowski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/682467.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
This article discusses the question of origin and identity of katáfraktoi – heavy-armoured cavalry in Byzantium. In the specialist literature on the subject, there is a widespread opinion that the heavily-armoured elitist cavalry, defined as catafracti and clibanarii had existed from the Hellenistic period until the end of Late Antiquity. Whereas a comparison of the construction, material and use of the individual elements of weapons and armour used by the Byzantine heavy cavalry from the sixth century and the first half of the seventh century with those of the ancient catafracti and clibanarii, allows us to draw the conclusion that the Byzantine heavily armed cavalry was its continuation, not necessarily in respect of the identity of the formations and their tactics, but more so in respect of the used arms and other elements of equipment. The term catafracti was not used at that time. Classifying the Byzantine cavalry from this period as catafracti, despite the fact that it is not usually defined in this way is based on the opinion of emperor Leo VI, expressed in Tactica, in accordance with which the chief element which distinguished catafracti and clibanarii units from other types of cavalry, was the complete armour of both the horse and rider. In spite of the fact, that the Romans, in response to the Sasanid heavy horsemen created their own mailed cavalry described by names catafracti or clibanarii, the influence of the Steppe people (principally the Huns and Avars) was more pronounced in the next centuries. Their weapons and tactics completely transformed the Byzantine way of war. In particular, this development concerned the cavalry – the main striking force of Byzantine army at this time. As we have seen, a disappearance of the ancient terms catafracti and clibanarii and their tactics (fighting in wedge-column order) was linked with this process of change. In the 10th century, in contemporary military treatises the term katáfraktoi appeared once again, a fact that can be connected with a usage typical for the “Macedonian renaissance”. At this time, the elitist formations of this type constituted a force marginal as compared to other cavalry units making up the Byzantine forces. However, the appearance of the 10th century katáfraktoi were a practical effect of the revival of ancient traditions in the Byzantine culture: they were not a formation which was only modeled on its ancient predecessor, but its constituted a continuation of the ancient patterns. The horsemen were equipped with similar protective armour as their ancient forerunners. They also applied the same tactics, for instance by fighting in the wedge-column order, which is ascribed to the ancient cavalry of this type. Sources mentioned above indicates, that this kind of battle array was reintroduced at this time. Moreover, the katáfraktoi were also present as a main striking cavalry force in the Comnenian army, which indicates, that heavy-armoured cavalry was still necessary. There is no reason to accept the opinion that there was no continuous tradition of heavy-armoured cavalry in the Byzantine Empire.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2012, 2; 195-220
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Car bułgarski Piotr (927-969) w bizantyńskiej historiografii X-XII wieku
Bulgarian tsar Peter (927-969) in the Byzantine historiography of the 10th-12th centuries
Autorzy:
Leszka, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/613070.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
car Piotr (927-969)
historiografii bizantyńska
Kontynuacja Teofanesa
Jan Skylitzes
Symeon Logoteta
tsar Peter (927-969)
Byzantine historiography
Continuation of Theophanes
John Skylitzes
Symeon Logothete
Opis:
Byzantine historians tied Peter primarily with the establishment of the lasting peace with the Empire in 927. In the sources that present the events from before the reign of the emperor Nikephor Phokas (963-969), when the relations between both states deteriorated, Peter is commonly portrayed as a peacemaker, a deeply religious man, accepting of the Byzantine way of understanding the role of the ruler in religious matters. However, Byzantine authors point out that Peter was able to successfully secure his position and ruthlessly deal with his enemies. The sources describing the events from the last years of his reign portray him as a prideful person, daring to stand up against the Byzantine basileÚj, and who gets rightfully and severely punished for his actions. It should be noted that most often the Byzantine authors did not describe their attitude towards Peter, and did not judge him directly. This results in the reader having to build the image of the Bulgarian ruler himself, based on how the sources describe the events concerning his reign.
Źródło:
Vox Patrum; 2018, 70; 339-354
0860-9411
2719-3586
Pojawia się w:
Vox Patrum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bankers and Usurers in the Early Byzantine Hagiographical Texts
Autorzy:
Milewski, Ireneusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31234027.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
early Byzantium
early Byzantine hagiography
money
bankers and usurers in early Byzantium
Opis:
The text discusses accounts from early Byzantine hagiographical texts depicting the activities of bankers and usurers in the period from the early 5th to the second decade of the 7th century. Texts by Palladius of Helenopolis, John of Ephesus, John Moschos, and Leontius of Neapolis are analysed. In the collated material we find relatively little information depicting the activities of bankers and usurers. Neither do we find any further details of the conditions under which money loans were granted. However, we note the statement that the cancellation of a loan, even if forced by circumstances (even if due to the intervention of a holy man), is charitable in nature and the ‘lost’ capital by the creditor in such a case bears the characteristics of a merciful deed. Most of the analysed accounts are presented in a somewhat fanciful way, which, however, should not question the information conveyed by the narrative. Two aspects of the analysed accounts are most significant. Firstly, the absence of any criticism of the Alexandrian Church deriving, even if not high, some profits (interest) from monetary loans. Secondly, in the accounts analysed we note a peculiar narrative, or in fact a new way of reasoning, by means of which the authors wanted to reach their audience, the potential benefactors. Thus, we become acquainted with somewhat naïve tales of how the benefits of granting a non-refundable loan to the needy, not only to the poor but also to merchants who traded on the high seas (?) would quite quickly return to the merciful benefactor, in a tangible material benefit, while he was still alive. We do not find such an argument in the patristic texts of the 4th and 5th centuries, where accounts of this kind merely refer to a prediction or even a guarantee of ‘heavenly interest’ that could tip the scales in favour of the merciful donor (creditor) at the Last Judgement.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2023, 13; 587-598
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Normanowie w dziełach Geralda z Walii a świat bizantyński
The Normans in the works of Gerald of Wales and the Byzantine world
Autorzy:
Böhm, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/612302.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Bizancjum
Normanowie
Sycylia
Anglia
Walia
Byzantium
Normans
Sicily
England
Wales
Opis:
The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the selected works of one of the twelfth century Norman historian living in the British Isles, Gerald de Barri of Wales (1146-1223) in terms of his knowledge of the Byzantine world and its correlation with the Normans (from England and Southern Italy). The term Byzantine world has been evolving for several decades. Today it refers no longer just to the land of the former East European Empire, which later transformed itself into the Greek Byzantium, but it can be referred to the Balkans or the Kingdom of Normandy, while scientists are constantly expanding its borders with the help of other sciences such as archeology. We will do this based on his work: De instructione principis, Topographia Hibernica, Expugnatio Hibernica, Itinerarium Cambriae and Descriptio Cambriae. Selected by Gerald of Wales the themes of the Byzantine and Norman kingdoms of Sicily, which appear in his five works cited above, are proof of the broad political horizons of the elites from British Isles that were associated with the Plantagenet dynasty. Gerald was never in Sicily, in Byzantium or in the Holy Land, but he had some source in sight, both in the form of eyewitness accounts of events and in the accounts of contemporary writers, which does not diminish the credibility of the data he cites. Better and more strongly, he was interested in the facts of the kingdom of Normans in Sicily than in Byzantium. Such a state of affairs seems to be understandable, as he saw in them both a political partner and, to some extent, a model to imitate, especially in the aspect of conducting politics against the conquered peoples.
Źródło:
Vox Patrum; 2018, 69; 53-64
0860-9411
2719-3586
Pojawia się w:
Vox Patrum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Trzy zapomniane kościoły maryjne (Theotokos) epoki bizantyjskiej w Ziemi Świętej
The Three Forgotten Churches of St. Mary (Theotokos) from the Byzantine Era in the Holy Land
Autorzy:
Ledwoń, Dawid
Waszkowiak, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28394761.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
kościoły maryjne
Theotokos
Kathisma
Garizim
Maria Nea
Jerozolima
Bizancjum
Marian churches
Gerizim
Jerusalem
Byzantium
Opis:
W historii Ziemi Świętej epoka bizantyjska jawi się bezsprzecznie jako czas intensywnego rozkwitu budownictwa sakralnego, zwłaszcza dedykowanego Świętej Bożej Rodzicielce Maryi (Theotokos). Spośród kościołów noszących ten tytuł do naszych czasów przetrwały nieliczne. Jednak na szczególną uwagę zasługują trzy, które od swojego upadku nie doczekały się odbudowy, a przez Prokopiusza oraz w innych źródłach literackich uznane zostały za znamienite. Są nimi: Kathisma, kościół na górze Garizim oraz Nea. Artykuł przedstawia wyniki najnowszych badań archeologicznych, jak też starożytne świadectwa literackie ukazujące funkcjonowanie wymienionych sanktuariów w ich kontekście historyczno-religijnym. Celem tego opracowania jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie o powody, dla których wskazane świątynie maryjne, uważane za jedne z największych w Palestynie epoki bizantyjskiej, nie zostały odtworzone. Wydaje się, że przyczyniły się do tego trzy czynniki: brak bezpośredniego związku z wydarzeniami zbawczymi, o których traktują cztery kanoniczne Ewangelie, niekorzystna sytuacja geopolityczna oraz względy finansowe.
In the history of the Holy Land, the Byzantine time undoubtedly appears as a time of intense flourishing of sacral constructions, especially dedicated to Mary, the Holy Mother of God. Only a few churches under her patronage from this period survived until today. Many were destroyed and never rebuilt. In this article, three of these Marian churches (Theotokos) which were never reconstructed are taken into consideration: the Kathisma, the church on Mount Gerizim and the Nea. The reason for this particular attention towards them is on account of their outstanding construction and the fact that these churches were mentioned abundantly by Procopius and other ancient authors. This article presents the latest archaeological evidence along with a description of ancient literature, in order to better understand the religious and historical contexts of these churches. When all this information is considered, it is clear that these churches were never rebuilt due to three factors: no direct connection to the events described in the four canonical Gospels, an unfavorable geopolitical situation and lack of financial resources.
Źródło:
Collectanea Theologica; 2024, 94, 1; 43-83
0137-6985
2720-1481
Pojawia się w:
Collectanea Theologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Z ziemi do Hadesu i z powrotem, czyli bizantyńska satyra Timarion
From Earth to Hades and Back, or the Byzantine Satire Timarion
Autorzy:
Jaworska-Wołoszyn, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/633601.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Timarion
Timariona przypadki przez niego opowiedziane
Opis:
Timarion albo Timariona przypadki przez niego opowiedziane, przetłumaczyli i komentarzem opatrzyli Przemysław Marciniak i Katarzyna Warcaba, wstępem poprzedził Przemysław Marciniak, Katowice 2014, ss. 120.
Źródło:
Peitho. Examina Antiqua; 2015, 6, 1; 331-335
2082-7539
Pojawia się w:
Peitho. Examina Antiqua
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Byzantine-Poetic Path of the Works of St. Maximus the Greek (Mikhail Trivolis, *Arta, ca. 1470 – St. Maximus the Greek, †Moscow, 1556)
Autorzy:
Zajc, Neža
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/682515.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
St. Maximus the Greek
the Holy Mount Athos
Manuscripts
Byzantine Hymnography
Orthodox Theology
Opis:
Maximus the Greek has been frequently misunderstood because of his individual use of the Slavic language. Born as Mikhail Trivolis in the Greek town of Arta, he received his humanist education in North Italy, particularly in Florence and Venice, where he was engaged in the process of the first editions of printed books and where he would constantly deal with manuscript samples. His original, authorial work, as preserved in his manuscripts, reflects his awareness of firm Orthodox theology and at the same time a special attention to grammatical rules. The paper shows how his use of the (Slavic) language was at all times intentional and at the same time profoundly influenced by the metrical rules of liturgical emphasis. Through such attitude, Maximus the Greek managed to create his own, deeply personal language and to express the complexity of Byzantine patristic, hagiographic and iconographic issues. Finally, he successfully established his Orthodox theological system, significantly marked with the poetic effect that strongly inspired his theological works.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2018, 8; 285-318
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kilka uwag na temat rynku pieniężnego w Cesarstwie Bizantyńskim w VI wieku
A Few Remarks on the Money Market in the Byzantine Empire in the Sixth Century
Autorzy:
Milewski, Ireneusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1997539.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Opis:
The aim of this article in the describe the money market in the Byzantine Empire in the sixth century. At its basis were the fiscal reforms implemented at the end of the fifth and the beginning of the sixth century by Emperor Anastasius. As a result of these, the “heavy follis” was introduced, a monetary unit intended to improve everyday retail trade, which in the second half of the fifth century had been “flooded” by small bronze coins, 5 to 10 millimeters in diameter (so ‑called minimi). An objective insight into the nature of the money market of that time is not given by written (literary) texts, but by the contents of contemporary stores of coins and monitoring of the contemporary coin market. Analysis confirms that besides the so‑called heavy follis (worth 40 nummia) and its parts, that is coins worth 30, 20, 10, and 5 nummia, the everyday retail market was dominated by coins of intermediate value, that is, ½ 1, 1½, 2, 3, 6, 12, 16, and even 33 nummia. An analysis of stores of coins in the sixth and seventh centuries on the territory of the contemporary Byzantine Empire also confirms that so ‑called clipped coins were also in common use. In other words, the issuing authority, that is, the imperial mint, did not meet the demands of small‑scale transactions; bronze coins of a value of less than 5 nummia and the intermediary values noted above were necessary.
Źródło:
Studia z Dziejów Średniowiecza; 2020, 24; 110-125
2544-2562
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Dziejów Średniowiecza
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Note on the Adoption of the Byzantine Models in Medieval Bulgaria (9th–10th Centuries). The Case with the Chrysorrhoas Collection
Autorzy:
Miltenov, Yavor
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/682561.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
John Chrysostom
medieval Slavonic translations
Zlatostruy
adoption of Byzantine models in medieval Bulgaria
Opis:
The paper aims at examining the first Slavic collection of homilies of John Chrysostom, called Zlatostruy (i.e. Chrysorrhoas or Golden Stream). The peculiarities of its content, compilation strategy and impact on the medieval Bulgarian literature, revealed in previous studies, allow us to extract features that are related to the flourishing of the 10th century Bulgarian literary tradition and the successful adoption of Byzantine models.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2017, 7; 161-167
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Namaszczenie chorych w liturgiach Kościołów tradycji bizantyjskiej i syryjskiej
The Anointing of the Sick in the Liturgy of the Byzantine and Syriac Churches
Autorzy:
Potoczny, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/585312.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski. Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego
Tematy:
Anointing of the Sick
sacrament of healing
Byzantine Liturgy
Syriac Liturgy
namaszczenie chorych
sakrament uzdrowienia
liturgia bizantyjska
liturgia syryjska
Opis:
The Sacrament of the Sick is a clear expression of the Church’s care for the weakest members of its community. Even if the prayer for the sick is present in the whole liturgical Christian heritage, a special place in this field has the celebration of the sacrament of healing with its characteristic rite, i.e. the anointing of the body of the sick with a blessed “oil of grace”. In the liturgy of the Church the symbolic of the oil is abundant and refers mainly to the peculiar power and to the overflow of the divine graces. In the Sacrament of the Sick, through the prayer of the priests, the placing of the hands and the anointing with the blessed oil the sick person receives a special strength and healing which can have both spiritual and physical effects. The spiritual healing seems to be more important therefore almost every oriental liturgical tradition underlines the penitential character of the rite. Every sickness, also the spiritual one, make us able to receive the healing strength of the sacrament. This study shows the general outline of the development of the rite and its actual practice in two great tradition of Christian East: Byzantine and Syriac.
Sakrament namaszczenia chorych jest jaskrawym wyrazem troski Kościoła o najsłabszych członków jego wspólnoty. Chociaż modlitwa za nich obecna jest w całym dziedzictwie liturgicznym wspólnot chrześcijańskich, to jednak szczególne miejsce zajmuje tu celebracja specjalnego sakramentu uzdrowienia, której charakterystycznym elementem jest namaszczanie ciała chorego „olejem łaski”. Symbolika oleju w liturgiach wszystkich wspólnot chrześcijańskich jest niezwykle bogata i odnosi się głównie do szczególnej duchowej mocy oraz wylania obfitych łask Bożych. W sakramencie chorych poprzez modlitwę kapłanów, włożenie rąk i namaszczenie chory otrzymuje specjalną łaskę umocnienia i uzdrowienia, która może posiadać dwie płaszczyzny: duchową i fizyczną. Ta pierwsza wydaje się ważniejsza, dlatego też niemal wszystkie tradycje orientalne podkreślają pokutny charakter obrzędu. Każda choroba, nawet duchowa, czyni nas zdolnymi do przyjęcia uzdrawiającej mocy sakramentu chorych. Niniejsze studium ukazuje ogólny zarys historii rozwoju obrzędu poprzez wskazanie głównych źródeł historycznych oraz jego kształt we współczesnej praktyce dwóch wielkich tradycji chrześcijańskiego Wschodu: bizantyjskiej i syryjskiej.
Źródło:
Liturgia Sacra. Liturgia - Musica - Ars; 2016, 22, 48; 385-401
1234-4214
Pojawia się w:
Liturgia Sacra. Liturgia - Musica - Ars
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-25 z 287

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies