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Tytuł:
X-ray diffraction studies of onshore mud volcanoes in parts of the Upper Benue Trough, northeastern Nigeria
Autorzy:
Musa, Ojochenemi K.
Kurowska, Ewa E.
Krzykawski, Tomasz
Onimisi, Jimoh A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2055852.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
mud volcano
weathered rocks
soft overburden
mineral composition
Opis:
The mineralogical studies of clay from the onshore mud volcanoes discovered in parts of the Upper Benue Trough of Nigeria provide a clue about the geological formation from which the extruded mud originates. The study area is a part of the Cretaceous Upper Benue Trough filled with Early Cretaceous continental deposits and Late Cretaceous marine deposits, having a history of magmatism dating from the Albian to the Pleistocene. The study approach involves integrated inorganic geochemical analysis of the samples to reveal their composition and origin. The results of XRD analysis of the fresh clays from the mud volcano revealed the presence of quartz, kaolinite, and other clay minerals (illite-smectite), feldspars, and in a much lower quantities, other accessory minerals including muscovite, evaporites, calcite and dolomite, trona, barite, goethite. The saprolite samples are composed mainly of quartz, kaolinite, smectite-illite associations, and feldspars, traces of goethite, calcite, and evaporate minerals (sylvite, halite). The presence of calcite, dolomite, sylvite, and halite suggests the marine origin of the rocks, while trona mineral is a non-marine evaporate. The coexistence of these minerals in some of the analyzed samples suggests the deposition of sediments in a transitional environment of deposition. Traces of marine minerals are present in some of the samples but completely absent in others collected from another site. This suggests that the source rock formations from which the material originated are within the Upper Bima Sandstone interpreted as being deposited in a non-marine environment or the Yolde Formation, which is known as a transitional unit (transitional between the outcropping continental Upper Bima Sandstone and marine Pindiga Formation).
Źródło:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment; 2021, 47, 4; 203--216
2299-8004
2353-0790
Pojawia się w:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wideband spectral emission measurements from laser-produced plasma EUV/SXR source based on a double gas puff target
Autorzy:
Arikkatt, Antony Jose
Wachulak, Przemysław
Fiedorowicz, Henryk
Bartnik, Andrzej
Czwartos, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1849155.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Plasma Spectroscopy
X-ray coherence tomography
soft X-ray
Opis:
We present spectral emission characteristics from laser-plasma EUV/SXR sources produced by irradiation of < 1 J energy laser pulse on eleven different double stream gas puff targets, with most intense electronic transitions identified in the spectral range from 1 nm to 70 nm wavelength which corresponds to photon energy from 18 eV to 1240 eV. The spectra were obtained using grazing incidence and transmission spectrographs from laser-produced plasma emission, formed by the interaction of a laser beam with a double stream gas puff target. Laser pulses with a duration of 4 ns and energy of 650 mJ were used for the experiment. We present the results obtained from three different spectrometers in the wavelength ranges of SXR (1-5.5 nm), SXR/EUV (4-15.5 nm), and EUV (10-70 nm). In this paper, detailed information about the source, gas targets under investigation, the experimental setup, spectral measurements and the results are presented and discussed. Such data may be useful for the identification of adequate spectral emissions from gasses in the EUV and SXR wavelength ranges dedicated to various experiments (i.e. broadband emission for the X-ray coherence tomography XCT) or may be used for verification of magnetohydrodynamic plasma codes.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2020, 27, 4; 701-719
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Structural Stability of Soft Magnetic Fe-Co-Zr-W-B Metallic Glasses Investigated by the in-situ X-ray Diffraction
Autorzy:
Michalik, S.
Bednarcik, J.
Pawlik, P.
Matija, R.
Sovak, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1366893.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-07
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
61.05.cp
61.43.Dq
Opis:
The atomic structure of as-prepared $Fe_{61}Co_{(14-x)}Zr_{5}W_{x}B_{20}$ (x=1, 2 and 4) ribbon samples and their thermal stability were investigated by in-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction experiments. It was observed that higher W concentration causes the tiny shift of the main peak of the reduced atomic pair distribution function to higher values of interatomic distances and increases the coefficient of volume thermal expansion. The crystallization process occurs in two steps and is qualitatively the same for all studied specimens. Firstly the $Fe_{23}B_{6}$ phase is created and later is transformed to other types of borides together with the creation of a Fe-based phase.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2014, 126, 1; 66-67
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Studies of Solids and Adsorbates in Synchrotron Radiation Excited Soft X-Ray Fluorescence
Autorzy:
Nordgren, J.
Wassdahl, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1920879.pdf
Data publikacji:
1992-08
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
78.70.En
Opis:
A progress report is presented on recent developments in soft X-ray emission spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation. Some key experiments are discussed demonstrating that new information can be gained by using synchrotron radiation for this purpose. Recent work on highly resolved soft X-ray emission from monolayers of adsorbed species is commented on and some perspectives are given regarding further developments expected from the third generation sources that are underway.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1992, 82, 2; 251-262
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Soft X-Ray Spectromicroscopy and its Application to Semiconductor Microstructure Characterization
Autorzy:
Gozzo, F.
Franck, K.
Howells, M. R.
Hussain, Z.
Warwick, A.
Padmore, H. A.
Triplett, B. B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1963346.pdf
Data publikacji:
1997-04
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
61.16.-d
85.40.-e
79.60.-i
Opis:
The universal trend towards device miniaturization has driven the semiconductor industry to develop sophisticated and complex instrumentation for the characterization of microstructures. Many significant problems of relevance to the semiconductor industry cannot be solved with conventional analysis techniques, but can be addressed with soft X-ray spectromicroscopy. An active spectromicroscopy program is being developed at the Advanced Light Source, attracting both the semiconductor industry and the materials science academic community. Examples of spectromicroscopy techniques are presented. An Advanced Light Source μ-XPS spectromicroscopy project is discussed, involving the first microscope completely dedicated and designed for microstructure analysis on patterned silicon wafers.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1997, 91, 4; 697-705
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Soft X-Ray Diffraction up to Wavelengths of 6.0Å Becomes Feasible at ID1 of ESRF
Autorzy:
Carpentier, P.
Boesecke, P.
Bois, J.-M.
Chesne, M.-L.
Fanchon, E.
Kahn, R.
Stuhrmann, H.
Vicat, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2030554.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002-05
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
61.10.Nz
Opis:
Recent experiments carried out at the Anomalous Scattering Beamline ID1 of ESRF are described which show that a cold helium atmosphere provides optimal conditions for protein crystallography with soft X-rays at wavelengths up to 6Å. Image plates are suitable detectors for this wavelength range. The improvement with respect to earlier experiments is considerable. This observation opens the way to the use of anomalous dispersion at the K-edge of light elements, like phosphorus, sulphur, chlorine and calcium. Moreover, there is an interest to use the strong anomalous dispersion of some heavy elements such as uranium (110 anomalous electron units at its M_V edge) to solve large biological structures. The methods of multiwavelength anomalous diffraction and diffraction anomalous fine structure find new resonant labels which are wide spread in living matter and materials.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2002, 101, 5; 603-612
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Soft X-ray Diagnostic System Upgrades and Data Quality Monitoring Features for Tokamak Usage
Autorzy:
Wojenski, Andrzej
Linczuk, Paweł
Piotr, Kolasinski
Chernyshova, Maryna
Mazon, Didier
Kasprowicz, Grzegorz
Pozniak, Krzysztof T.
Gaska, Michał
Czarski, Tomasz
Krawczyk, Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1844595.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
data quality monitoring
FPGA
Verilog/VHDL
HDL
GEM detector
SXR plasma diagnostics
modular measurement system
data evaluation
tokamak
Opis:
The validation of the measurements quality after on-site diagnostic system installation is necessary in order to provide reliable data and output results. This topic is often neglected or not discussed in detail regarding measurement systems. In the paper recently installed system for soft X-ray measurements is described in introduction. The system is based on multichannel GEM detector and the data is collected and sent in special format to PC unit for further postprocessing. The unique feature of the system is the ability to compute final data based on raw data only. The raw data is selected upon algorithms by FPGA units. The FPGAs are connected to the analog frontend of the system and able to register all of the signals and collect the useful data. The interface used for data streaming is PCIe Gen2 x4 for each FPGA, therefore high throughput of the system is ensured. The paper then discusses the properties of the installation environment of the system and basic functionality mode. New features are described, both in theoretical and practical approach. New modes correspond to the data quality monitoring features implemented for the system, that provide extra information to the postprocessing stage and final algorithms. In the article is described also additional mode to perform hardware simulation of signals in a tokamak-like environment using FPGAs. The summary describes the implemented features of the data quality monitoring features and additional modes of the system.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2021, 67, 1; 109-114
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Second order reflection from crystals used in soft X-ray spectroscopy
Autorzy:
Książek, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146093.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
soft X-ray
plasma spectroscopy
PbSt
KAP
Opis:
In this note the ratio of the second to the first order reflection is determined for the KAP and PbSt crystals, for wavelengths corresponding to the Al K-line emission. The source of the radiation was a low-voltage stabilized X-ray tube. The X-rays were detected with a Bragg spectrometer equipped with a proportional counter detector. The signal measured by the proportional counter was subsequently pulse height analyzed.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 263-265
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Refined design of a new driver for fast capillary discharge
Autorzy:
Koláček, K.
Boháček, V.
Šunka, P.
Řípa, M.
Kravárik, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148339.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
fast capillary discharge
soft X-ray laser
Opis:
A new driver of the fast capillary discharge has been designed. It consists of the Marx generator and radial Blumline pulse forming line. Such a geometry enables axial access to both capillary ends (”transparent capillary”). This arrangement substantially simplifies the experiments (adjustment, monitoring, applications). The designed apparatus is capable of reaching the discharge current of the order of 120 kA and the discharge current rise time 2.9×1012 A/s, which is sufficient for the investigation of amplification in non-traditional electronic transitions.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2001, 46, suppl. 1; 45-47
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Refined design of a new driver for fast capillary discharge
Autorzy:
Kolácek, K.
Bohacek, V.
Schmidt, J.
Sunka, P.
Ripa, M.
Kravárik, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147571.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
fast capillary discharge
soft X-ray laser
Opis:
A new driver of the fast capillary discharge has been designed. It consists of the Marx generator and radial Blumline pulse forming line. Such a geometry enables axial access to both capillary ends ("transparent capillary"). This arrangement substantially simplifies the experiments (adjustment, monitoring, applications). The designed apparatus is capable of reaching the discharge current of the order of 120 kA and the discharge current rise time 2.9×1012 A/s, which is sufficient for the investigation of amplification in non-traditional electronic transitions.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2001, 46, 3; 117-120
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Recent progress in 1 MJ Plasma-Focus research
Autorzy:
Scholz, M.
Karpiński, L.
Paduch, M.
Tomaszewski, K.
Miklaszewski, R.
Szydlowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147553.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
neutron emission
plasma focus
scaling laws
soft X-ray radiation
Opis:
The paper reports on actual operational characteristics of the PF-1000 facility and it presents results of the first neutron experiments performed with a new set of large Mather-type electrodes, which were designed for shots up to 1000 kJ. Dynamics of a current-sheath was studied by means of two high-speed streak cameras and a two-frame camera. The last one was used for the side-on observation of the pinch column. The high-speed streak pictures were taken side-on behind slits oriented in the radial or axial direction. On the basis of the pictures taken behind the radial slit, average values of the radial compression and expansion velocities were estimated. Time-resolved X-ray signals were measured with PIN diodes covered by different filters, and they were compared with other traces (voltage waveforms, dI/dt signals, and neutron-induced pulses) in order to determine their correlation. The total neutron yield (Ytot), i.e. the number of neutrons produced during a single discharge and emitted in various directions, was measured by means of several silver-activation detectors placed at different angles around the PF-1000 experimental chamber.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2001, 46, 1; 35-39
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Recent measurements of soft X-ray emission from the DPF-1000U facility
Autorzy:
Surała, W.
Sadowski, M. J.
Paduch, M.
Zielinska, E.
Tomaszewski, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148171.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
plasma focus
X-ray emission
X-ray images
gas puffing
filaments
hot spots
Opis:
Soft X-ray imaging is a very useful diagnostic technique in plasma-focus (PF) experiments. This paper reports results of four experimental sessions which were carried out at the DPF-1000U plasma-focus facility in 2013 and 2014. Over 200 discharges were performed at various experimental conditions. Measurements were taken using two X-ray pinhole cameras with a line of sight perpendicular to the z-axis, at different azimuthal angles (about 20° and 200°), and looking towards the centre of the PF-pinch column. They were equipped with diaphragms 1000 μm or 200–300 μm in diameter and coated with filters of 500 μm Al foil and 10 μm Be foil, respectively. Data on the neutron emission were collected with silver activation counters. For time-resolved measurements the use was made of four PIN diodes equipped with various fi lters and oriented towards the centre of the PF-column, in the direction perpendicular to the electrode axis. The recorded X-ray images revealed that when the additional gas-puff system is activated during the discharge, the stability of the discharge is improved. The data collected in these experiments confi rmed the appearance of a filamentary fi ne structure in the PF discharges. In the past years the formation of such fi laments was observed in many Z-pinch type experiments. Some of the recorded X-ray images have also revealed the appearance of the so-called hot- -spots, i.e. small plasma regions of a very intense X-ray emission. Such a phenomenon was observed before in many PF experiments, e.g. in the MAJA-PF device, but it has not been investigated so far in a large facility such as the DPF-1000U. The time-resolved measurements provided the evidence of a time lapse between the X-ray emission from plasma regions located at different distance from the anode surface. The formation of distinct ‘hot-spots’ in different instants of the DPF-1000U discharge was also observed.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 303-308
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Porównanie parametrów ekspozycji do zdjęcia klatki piersiowej dorosłych pacjentów przyjętych na oddział ratunkowy Szpitala Uniwersyteckiego w Krakowie z parametrami zawartymi w Procedurach Wzorcowych (Prawo atomowe – Dz.U. z 2014 r.)
Comparison of exposure parameters to chest X-ray of adult patients admitted to the emergency department of the University Hospital in Cracow with the parameters contained in the Standard Protocols (Atomic Law in Official Journal of 2014)
Autorzy:
Mizgalska-Traczyk, Halina
Borkowska, Eliza
Malisz, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985869.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Indygo Zahir Media
Tematy:
radiologiczne procedury wzorcowe
zdjęcia klatki piersiowej
technika twardego promieniowania
technika miękkiego promieniowania
the reference radiological procedures
chest X-ray
hard radiation technique
soft radiation technique
Opis:
Zdjęcie klatki piersiowej jest podstawowym zdjęciem w diagnostyce obrazowej, jednym z najczęściej wykonywanych, a niezbędnym u pacjentów przyjętych na szpitalny oddział ratunkowy. Wzorcowe procedury radiologiczne opublikowane w Dz. Urz. Ministra Zdrowia z 2014 poz. 85 zobowiązują personel medyczny do wykonywania przeglądowego badania rentgenowskiego klatki piersiowej zgodnie z przyjętymi standardami wykonawczymi, aby zminimalizować możliwe skutki niepożądane związane z promieniowaniem jonizującym. W ramach prowadzonego audytu wykazano, że 67% badań przeglądowych klatki piersiowej wykonano według standardu techniką twardego promieniowania w pozycji stojącej w rzucie PA, natomiast 33% wykonano miękką falą w pozycji AP na leżąco. W niniejszym opracowaniu autorzy proponują zmianę podejścia techników elektroradiologii do wyboru parametrów ekspozycji u pacjentów diagnozowanych w ciężkich stanach w szpitalnych oddziałach ratunkowych i zastosowanie do zdjęć klatki piersiowej u tych pacjentów techniki twardego promieniowania zgodnie z zaleceniami zawartymi we wzorcowych procedurach radiologicznych. Technikę obniżonego napięcia stosować przy wykonywaniu zdjęcia przyłóżkowego u pacjentów hospitalizowanych lub w sytuacjach, kiedy stosowanie twardego promieniowania z powodów technicznych w pracowni RTG jest niemożliwe.
Chest X-ray is a basic diagnostic image, one of the most frequently performed on patients admitted to the hospital emergency department. The reference radiological procedures published by the Minister of Health in 2014 obliges medical personnel to perform a chest X-ray examination in accordance with the adopted executive standards in order to minimize possible adverse effects connected with ionizing radiation. An audit demonstrated that 67% of chest examinations were made according to the standard, using a hard radiation technique in the standing PA view, while 33% were performed in a soft radiation technique AP in a lying position. In this study the authors suggest to change the approach of X-ray technicians to the choice of exposure parameters in the case of patients with severe conditions in hospital emergency departments and use hard radiation techniques for chest images in the case of these patients in accordance with the recommendations in the reference radiological procedures. The technique of reduced voltage should be used during bedside examinations in the case of hospitalized patients or in situations where it is not possible to use hard radiation in an X-ray department for technical reasons.
Źródło:
Inżynier i Fizyk Medyczny; 2019, 8, 5; 373-377
2300-1410
Pojawia się w:
Inżynier i Fizyk Medyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Plasma characterization of the gas-puff target source dedicated for soft X-ray microscopy using SiC detectors
Autorzy:
Torrisi, A.
Wachulak, P.
Torrisi, L.
Bartnik, A.
Węgrzyński, Ł.
Fiedorowicz, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147432.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
gas-puff target
plasma diagnostic technique
SiC detector
‘water-window’
EUV
Opis:
An Nd:YAG pulsed laser was employed to irradiate a nitrogen gas-puff target. The interaction gives rise to the emission of soft X-ray (SXR) radiation in the ‘water window’ spectral range (λ = 2.3÷4.4 nm). This source was already successfully employed to perform the SXR microscopy. In this work, a Silicon Carbide (SiC) detector was used to characterize the nitrogen plasma emission in terms of gas-puff target parameters. The measurements show applicability of SiC detectors for SXR plasma characterization.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 2; 139-143
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 33

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