Wszystkie pola: social dependence - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: The Effect Of Omitted Spatial Effects And Social Dependence In The Modelling Of Household Expenditure For Fruits And Vegetables
Autorzy:: Łaszkiewicz, Edyta
Dong, Guanpeng
Harris, Richard
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/633079.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014-12-01
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:: social interaction
consumption behavior
spatial multilevel model
Opis:: As is well known, ignoring spatial heterogeneity leads to biased parameter estimates, while omitting the spatial lag of a dependent variable results in biasness and inconsistency (Anselin, 1988). However, the common approach to analysing households’ expenditures is to ignore the potential spatial effects and social dependence. In light of this, the aim of this paper is to examine the consequences of omitting the spatial effects as well as social dependence in households’ expenditures. We use the Household Budget Survey microdata for the year 2011 from which we took households’ expenditures for fruits and vegetables. The effect of ignoring spatial effects and/or social dependence is analysed using four different models obtained by imposing restrictions on the core parameters of the hierarchical spatial autoregressive model (HSAR). Finally, we estimate the HSAR model to demonstrate the existence of spatial effects and social dependence. We find the omitted elements of the external environment affect negatively the estimates for other spatial (social) effect parameters. Especially, we notice the overestimation of the random effect variance when the social dependence is omitted and the overestimation of the social interaction effect when the spatial heterogeneity is ignored.
Źródło:: Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe; 2014, 17, 4; 155-172
1508-2008
2082-6737
Pojawia się w:: Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Rozwój uzależnienia a zmiany społecznych zachowań młodocianych toksykomanów
The Progress of Dependence and Changes in the Social Behavior of Young Adult Drug Addicts
Autorzy:: Zakrzewski, Paweł
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699054.pdf
Data publikacji:: 1982
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: uzależnienie
toksykomania młodzieżowa
środki narkotyczne
zależność społeczna
zależność psychiczna
młodociani
zależność fizyczna
zmiany osobowości
addiction
youth toxicomania
narcotic drugs
social dependence
psychological dependence
juvenile
physical dependence
personality changes
Opis:: In the present study the changes in behavior of young adult drug addicts are described, which occurred as their dependence has developed since the beginning of taking drugs. We regard as scientifically fruitless frequent general statements concerning young adult (as well as adult) drug addicts irrespective of their age and the stage of dependence. The research on which the present study is based was a part of multidisciplinary studies of young adult drug addicts which were conducted by the Department of Mental Health of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Łódź in the years 1974-76. It concerned all patients aged 15-23 registered in the out-patient clinics for young drug addicts and in district out-patient clinics for adults in the city of Łódź because of the repeated taking of narcotic drugs. It is important to note that the discussed population consisted of 102 young adults, of which 23% were girls. Three detailed interviews were carried on in relation to each case: one with the mother of the given boy or girl (in exceptional cases with another adult member of the family), the second one at school with the tutor and the teachers, and the third one with the drug addict himself . The questionnaires on which the interviews were based took into account, to a high degree, the family conditions of the addicts, their behavior at home , from their earliest childhood up to the latest months, their school history, ways of spending their leisure time, the outset and circumstances of taking drugs, the use of alcohol, the peer groups, living problems in the period preceding the taking of drugs and in subsequent years, delinquency etc. Data were also collected concerning the criminal records of the addicts and the history of various diseases treated in different out-patient clinics. The study was conducted by a team of several persons working under supervision of the author of the present paper. Estimation of the degree of dependence was based on medical diagnosis. Among the addicts, the following three stages of dependence were distinguished: the stage of social dependence, that of mental dependence and the stage of physical dependence. The greatest part (50%) of the addicts were in the stage of mental dependence. The addicts were noticed to move to the more advanced stages of dependence in course of time. The mean duration of the period of taking drugs was: with young adults socially dependent 5 months, with those mentally dependent 1 year 5 months, and with those physically dependent 2 years 8 months. There are, however, limitations to this regularity. Some individuals withdrew from talking drugs within the first 12 months of social dependence. Others reached the stage of mental dependence very rapidly, so to say cutting down or even skipping the first stage of dependence. There were also those who remained for a long time in the preliminary stage of the illness, that is, that of mental dependence, revealing no symptoms of physical dependence even after one or two years. It is thus apparent that the progress of dependence and its rapidity are not the derivative of the length of the period of taking drugs only. An important role is also played by the intensity of taking drugs, by their peculiarities and by the individual immunity of the central nervous system of a given person. The notion of the so-called social dependence is controversial to a certain degree and as such used only by some of the authors. However, the results of the present study speak in its favor as the term defining the first, and so to say preliminary stage of dependence, preceding the next stages of dependence in the medical sense. In the present study the notion of social dependence is of a very broad range, i.e., its criteria are not limited to the pressure of the peer group and the boy’s or girl’s eagerness to adjust themselves to this group. On the basis of the collected material, we included in the notion social dependence also the cases in which the addicts communicated with loose society circles, e.g. in cafés, which was accompanied by the predominant trend to adjust themselves to the fashion and customs of such circles, as well as the cases of an influence of individual persons of different sex attracted to each other. The notion of social dependence is worthy of separation, particularly, as the patterns of taking drugs have now become generally accepted among the youth. Taking certain drugs several times, or even once, caused a considerable improvement of mood of the individuals inclined to experience conflicts intensely, who had a low tolerance to frustration and a poor ability to overcome obstacles, if they only happened upon the drug which changed their mental stale favourably from their point of view. Phenmetrazine was good for some of the persons examined to suppress their mental inhibitions, while others used sedatives to suppress states of tension and excitement, still others - morphine and its derivatives to experience something new and to get away from the dullness of the everyday life. The process of social dependence turning into mental dependence among the addicts consisted in the fact that - as they were experimenting with various drugs in the company of others - they soon found that not only the interpersonal ties were hereby fortified, but also their hitherto only poorly tolerated mental state could undergo a favorable change. As this belief grew stronger and proved true in all next instances of taking the drug, they experienced the more and more intense desire to take such drugs whenever the state of tension, discouragement or irritation had reached a considerable degree of intensity. However, after some time the hitherto felt desires were dominated by additional and extremely trying sensations of not only mental but also physical nature which occurred in the periods of the break in drug taking. The addicts tried at any price to get rid of withdrawal symptoms. Most frequent were the complaints about the sensation of irritation, restlessness, inability to concentrate on anything, lack of energy, anxiety, insomnia or nightmares, headache and melalgia, hand tremor and other annoying and exhausting symptoms. The examined persons with these symptoms had already found themselves in the stage of physical dependence. In the diversity and variability of drugs taken by the addicts as their dependence developed, a following essential regularity could be noticed: the comparatively greatest diversity of drugs taken was usually found at the stage of social dependence. In that of mental dependence, morphine and the specimens approximal to it more and more prevailed among the drugs taken by a given individual, thus reducing the role of other drugs. The transition to physical dependence meant further concentration on the opiates (mainly morphine), while other drugs – including alcohol- became substitutes and were taken when the individual did not possess the favorite drug and thus felt withdrawal symptoms. The danger of conversion to morphine and other opiates, with all its consequences, thus grew as the taking of drugs continued. It is a matter of course that, as the individual gradually needed drugs more and more difficult to obtain (that, is, those from the morphine group), which were sold at a higher price, and as he needed more and more of the drug and found it more and more difficult to do without - the ways of obtaining it had to change. A phenomenon occurs which can be called escalation not only of the drugs taken, but also of the means of obtaining them. The means in question become more and more ruthless, one counts less and less both with one’s own hitherto existing line of conduct and ambitions and with the probable reactions of the environment. The means of obtaining drugs grow also more and more absorbing, they engage more and more time and efforts. Simultaneously followed the process of diminution of individual interests and of the disappearance of ambitions in the addicts. It was more and more difficult for them to acquit themselves of the hitherto performed social roles. And thus, for instance, within the range of the role of a pupil, the following symptoms could be found among the addicts beginning from the stage of mental dependence: considerable difficulties of concentration, the slowing down of the run of thought, passiveness and drowsiness during the classes, increasing absence from school, being far away with thought even if physically present at school, regular remiss in doing homework, indifference to school failures, reluctance to undertake efforts to overcome them - that is, greater and greater slackness in the school duties. School, usually quitted in the advanced stages of dependence, gave place to irregular and chance periods of working, which did not in the least lead to any professional promotion of a given individual. All the hitherto existing forms of activity which satisfied their former interests and life plans were - as the dependence developed - replaced by the efforts to obtain every now and again new doses of the longed-for drug. Parallel to this process new specific elements appeared in the life of the addicts: contacts with out-patient clinics, stays in detoxication centres and mental hospitals, which repeated from time to time, and in a considerable number of the cases – court appearances ending more than once with imprisonment. In general, it must be stated that the progress of dependence has led to intense degradation changes in the lives of the addicts. The whole of those changes were composed of the following: increasing problems and failure at school, quitting school, aggravating conflicts at home, participation in youth groups and circles out of control which were characterized by socially negative patterns of behavior, giving up one’s professional ambitions, staying for months in hospitals, undergoing detoxication treatment, gradual limitation of one’s aims and interests to obtaining and taking drugs, court appearances every now and again.
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 1982, VIII-IX; 363-388
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Regulating Pornocomic Sales to Juveniles in Japan: Cycles and Path-Dependence of a Social Problem
Autorzy:: Akagawa, Manabu
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2107050.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015-04-30
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:: Path-Dependence
Social Problems
Pornocomics
Youth Protection Ordinance
Tokyo
Opis:: The purpose of this paper is to develop a new constructionist perspective on path-dependence of a social problem by examining the process of constructing issues regarding the revisions of the Tokyo Youth Protection Ordinance from December 2008 to July 2010. I start with pointing out that a social problem has a cycle of concern and a unique past and background, in a word, path-dependence. Once a social problem process has started down a track, the costs of reversal are very high. Through investigating the revision process between pro-regulation and anti-regulation groups compared with the previous arguments, I found three characteristics of arguments: the limited use of statistics, shared grounds, and shared warrants. I interpret the features as an unintended consequence of path-dependence of the pornocomic problem. This context limits the course of claims-making activities and affects the following controversy. I conclude that the concept of path-dependence offers a better understanding of how and why claims-making activities sometimes lose their diversity and are lopsided over time.
Źródło:: Qualitative Sociology Review; 2015, 11, 2; 62-73
1733-8077
Pojawia się w:: Qualitative Sociology Review
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Феномен соціальних мереж: парадокс залежності та варіативність моделювання
The phenomenon of social networks: the paradox of dependence and variability modelling
Autorzy:: Hrybiuk, Olena
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/469894.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2017-03-01
Wydawca:: Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki Euroregionalnej im. Alcide De Gasperi w Józefowie
Tematy:: modeling
variable models
computer-oriented learning environment
mathematics
network
engineering
social network
Opis:: Purpose. Іn the publication, a comparative analysis of scientifically-methodical bases of modeling of the learning environment, including using social networking was shown. Variable models are represented on the basis of competence-based approach taking into account the main stages of the design. Methods. Theoretical (the analysis of philosophical, psychological, sociological, pedagogical and methodological publications on the subject of the study); the empirical (observation, survey, pedagogical experiment); methods of statistical data processing. Results. To improve efficiency, including using social networking, it is recommended to consider the advantages of decentralized and centralized networks, improving the sustainability of horizontal communication, transparency, access to resources, monitoring of "reliability ratings", limiting the number of network members, the formation and development of "competence networks". Network stability is maintained even in case of instability of its membership and transaction volume. Based on the comparative analysis of the models considered in the present research, the principles of formation and coordination of the organizational structure in the virtual space. Differences due to the specifics regarding the use of modern information and cognitive technology, the inner logic of action and the specific culture of communication in the network. On the basis of similarities taking into account the analysed models, the prospect for further research is seen in the context of further ways to improve the efficiency of agents in the virtual space, including social networks.
Źródło:: Intercultural Communication; 2017, 2, 1; 123-142
2451-0998
Pojawia się w:: Intercultural Communication
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Problematyka bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego ludności a wybrane rodzaje uzależnień o charakterze chemicznym i psychoaktywnym
Problems of the population health security and selected types of chemical and psychoactive substance dependence
Autorzy:: Kromołowski, H.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/103564.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Humanistyczno-Przyrodniczy im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:: bezpieczeństwo zdrowotne
uzależnienie
zagrożenie zdrowia
zespół uzależnienia od alkoholu
narkomania
patologia społeczna
system ochrony zdrowia
health security
dependence
health threat
alcohol dependence syndrome
social pathology
health protection system
Opis:: W artykule, spośród różnorodnych zagrożeń zdrowia dotyczących jednostek, jak i szerszych zbiorowości społecznych, omówione będą jedne z najbardziej znanych i powszechnych uzależnień o charakterze chemicznym a jednocześnie psychoaktywnym (tj. alkoholizm i narkomania). Są to uzależnienia stanowiące ogromny problem dla współczesnych społeczeństw, będąc jednocześnie swoistym przejawem patologii społecznej, gdyż generują coraz więcej problemów medycznych, społecznych, prawnych i ekonomicznych. W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawiona zostanie problematyka narkomanii w ujęciu interdyscyplinarnym. Przedstawione zostaną definicje narkomanii, jako zespół psychicznego i fizycznego uzależnienia, charakteryzujący się zmianami zachowania i innymi reakcjami o charakterze patologicznym. Również przywołane zostaną czynniki powodujące pojawienie się zależności psychicznej, somatycznej i społecznej od danej substancji. W kolejnej części opisane zostaną zagadnienia dotyczące tematyki alkoholizmu. Wyróżnione zostaną stadia choroby alkoholowej, tj. faza: wstępna (prealkoholowa), ostrzegawcza (zwiastunów), krytyczna (ostra), przewlekła (chroniczna). Zostanie podkreślone, że proces wychodzenia (zdrowienia) z choroby alkoholowej jest bardzo trudny oraz skomplikowany i uzależniony jest przede wszystkim od chęci i dobrej woli takiej osoby a także ich rodzin, jak również, że istnieje konieczność pogłębienia współpracy instytucji zajmujących się leczeniem osób uzależnionych od alkoholu z instytucjami z obszaru pomocy społecznej, organizacji pozarządowych, urzędów pracy, nie tylko celem ich wyleczenia, jak też ograniczenia lub wyeliminowania negatywnych społecznych skutków uzależnień. W ostatniej części artykułu zostanie skonstatowane, że osoby uzależnione nie są w stanie same odstawić substancji odurzającej i pomocy w leczeniu tych dolegliwości powinny poszukiwać u psychologów, psychoterapeutów i psychiatrów oraz w placówkach zajmujących się leczeniem uzależnień (np. Punkty konsultacyjne ds. uzależnień, Poradnie ambulatoryjne, Oddziały detoksykacyjne, Oddziały leczenia uzależnień – krótko-, średnio- i długoterminowe), jak również, a może nawet przede wszystkim, w gronie osób najbliższych, tj.: rodziny, przyjaciół, znajomych. Z kolei, w końcowej części, pomimo, że do dzisiaj nie wypracowano prawdziwie skutecznych sposobów leczenia uzależnienia od substancji psychoaktywnych, ukazane zostały coraz powszechniej uznawanei stosowane standardy leczenia, polegające na integracji modelu abstynencyjnego i redukcji szkód (w tym leczenia substytucyjnego) z uwzględnieniem cech indywidualnych pacjenta (terapia zindywidualizowana).
The paper deals, among various threats to health of individuals and wider communities, with the best known and most common types of chemical and psychoactive substance dependence (i.e. alcoholism and drug addiction). These addictions constitute a tremendous problem for contemporary societies, being also a characteristic symptom of social pathology because they generate more and more medical, social, legal and economic problems. The first part of the paper discusses the problems of drug addiction with interdisciplinary approach. Definitions of drug addiction have been presented as a syndrome of mental and physical dependence with characteristic behavior changes and other reactions of pathological nature. Factors causing mental, somatic and social dependence on the particular substance are also discussed here. The following part deals with the issues of alcoholism. Stages of alcohol use disorder have been distinguished, namely: the preliminary phase (pre-alcohol), warning phase (precursors), critical (acute) phase and long-standing (chronic) phase. It has been emphasized that the process of overcoming an addiction to alcohol (recovery) is very difficult and complicated and depends first of all on the intentions and good will of the affected person, but also on their family, that it is necessary to strengthen the cooperation between institutions involved in alcohol addiction therapy and social assistance institutions, non-governmental organizations, job centres, not only to cure alcohol use disorder but also to limit or eliminate negative social consequences of alcohol abuse. The final part of the paper concludes that addicted persons are unable to give up narcotic drugs on their own and to overcome their addiction they should seek help of psychologists, psychotherapists, psychiatrists and addiction treatment facilities (e.g. addiction consultation service, outpatient clinics, detoxication wards, long-, medium- and shortterm addiction treatment wards), but also, and perhaps first of all, among their close ones i.e. family and friends. Finally, despite the fact that until now really effective methods of treatment of psychoactive substance dependence have not been developed, the author presents more and more generally recognized and applied treatment methods which involve integration of the abstinence and harm reduction models (including substitution treatment), taking into account the patient’s individual features (individualized therapy).
Źródło:: Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Technika, Informatyka, Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa; 2018, T. 6; 57-70
2300-5343
Pojawia się w:: Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Technika, Informatyka, Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Strategic Challenges in Stakeholder Networks
Strategiczne wyzwania w sieciach interesariuszy
Autorzy:: Zdziarski, Michał
Boutilier, Robert G.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/526113.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016-12-18
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:: social network analysis
stakeholder theory
resource dependence theory
network governance
strategic challenges
analiza sieci społecznych
teoria interesariuszy
teoria zależności zasobowej
ład sieci
strategiczne wyzwania
Opis:: Shareholders of a company must increasingly share power with other social actors that control access to critical resources. These social actors are stakeholders because they have stakes in firms’ operations, either through being affected by them or through being able to affect them. Stakeholders are embedded in networks of relationships in which resources are shared, combined, exploited or restricted, and informal governance modes emerge. Strategic maneuvering in stakeholder networks is critical for assuring a firm’s access to valuable resources and resulting performance. Managers deciding on the strategic course of a firm embedded in a stakeholder network face multi-dimensional problems with multiple causes. It is argued that a three-way integration of the resource dependence theory, social network analysis, and stakeholder theory yields important insights for managers on options of strategic maneuvering in stakeholder networks. We highlight previous attempts to integrate pairs of these theories. Building on Boutilier’s typology of stakeholder network structures, we describe emerging governance patterns, and propose a set of possible moves aiming to address strategic challenges in gaining access to resources controlled by stakeholders.
Akcjonariusze firm w coraz większym stopniu muszą dzielić się władzą z innymi aktorami społecznymi, którzy kontrolują dostęp do cennych zasobów. Ci aktorzy społeczni określani są jako interesariusze, ponieważ działania firm są powiązane z ich interesami dwojakiego rodzaju relacjami: interesariusze wpływają na działania firm i/lub działania firm wpływają na sytuację interesariuszy. Interesariusze są osadzeni w sieciach relacji, w których występują procesy dzielenia się, kombinacji, eksploatacji i ograniczania dostępu do zasobów w oparciu o nieformalny, wyłaniający się ład. Strategiczne manewry w sieciach interesariuszy mają krytyczne znaczenie dla zapewnienia dostępu do wartościowych zasobów i w efekcie do wyników osiąganych przez uczestników sieci. Menedżerowie podejmujący decyzje o kierunkach strategii działania firmy osadzonej w sieci interesariuszy mają do czynienia z wielowymiarowym problemem decyzyjnym. W artykule autorzy przedstawiają propozycję integracji trzech nurtów teoretycznych: teorii zależności zasobowej, analizy sieci społecznych i teorii interesariuszy, dzięki czemu możliwe wydaje się wsparcie procesu decyzyjnego, który pozwala skutecznie manewrować w sieciach interesariuszy. Podkreślają wcześniejsze próby integracji par omawianych teorii i nieliczne prace, w których podjęto integrację trzech strumieni literatury. Na podstawie typologii struktur sieciowych Boutiliera przedstawiają wyłanianie się ładu i wzorców działania w strukturze sieci, dzięki którym możliwe jest sprostanie strategicznym wyzwaniom uzyskania dostępu do zasobów w sieci.
Źródło:: Problemy Zarządzania; 2016, 4/2016 (64), t.2; 62 - 79
1644-9584
Pojawia się w:: Problemy Zarządzania
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Uzależnienie od alkoholu a religijność środowiska społecznego
Alcohol Dependence and Religiousness of social environment
Autorzy:: Szlachcicowa, Irena
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699176.pdf
Data publikacji:: 1996
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: uzależnienie
alkohol
religijność
środowisko społeczne
addiction
alcohol
religiousness
social environment
Opis:: The treatment of alcoholism poses exceptionally numerous problems; what is more, it is but seldom that the traditional treatment of alcohol dependent persons (alocoholics) proves successful. The activity of Alcoholics Anonymous provides sufficient proof that the use of religious faith in the treatment of alcoholics may yield desirable results. Faith is to help alcoholics towards spiritual revival and formition of a new personality enabling them to abstain. The research project aimed at verifying a general hypothesis that religiousness may be one of catalysts of abstention during disaccustoming treatment. We sought to answer the question about the impact of religious faith on the examined alcoholics’ attitude to drinking. Thus religiousness was treated in our statistical analyses as one of the factors that condition the alcohol-related behaviour of persons in the course of disaccustoming treatment. Empirical research was conducted in the years 1984-1985 in Lower Silesia and involved four populations. The study bases on a representative sample of 322 persons treated in outpatient disaccustoming clinics (Ao) and 135 patients of hospital disaccustoming wards (Aн). Aiming to “reproduce” the social environment of alcoholics, we selected control groups (Ko) and (Kн) to match the former two populations. Each member of the control soup matched a member of the population of alcoholics in respect of the following socio-demographic traits: sex, age, marital status, place of residence, level of education, occupation and source of maintenance. Thus the above socio-demographic traits were distributed identically in the populations of alcoholics and their corresponding control groups (A=K). Not at all trivial is the role in this process of environmental factors. Alcohol consumption is not distributed evenly throughout society, the bulk of alcoholic beverages being consumed by a small proportion of Polish people. The high degree of concentration of vodka consumption indicates the existence of sociaf environments which are much more alcoholism-prone than the rest of society. For this reason, in the research project we focused on reconstruction of the characteristics of the social environments that "supply" outpatient clinics and hospitals with alcoholics. The drinking habits in the two examined populations (Aօ and Aн) differ. The differences concern both the frequency of drinking and the amount of alcohol consumed on one occasion. Some of those differences should be stressed here: porsons treated in outpatient clinics tend to drink strong alcoholic beverages more often but exercise some restraint as regards the amount consumed on one occasion. The hospital patients, instead, tend rather to get drunk whenever drinking but drink less often. Due to this difference, the risk of becoming an alcoholic is bigger in the environment that “supplies” patients to hospitals as compared to that of persons treated in outpatient clinics. Members of the population of hospital patients were somewhat younger. Frequent excessive drinking results in a high degree intoxication that speeds up the development of alcoholism in young patients. What has also to be stressed is the fact that the alcoholics’ social backgrounds differ in many other respects as well. Among hospital patients, as opposed to persons treated in outpatient clinics, there is a bigger proportion of men; they are younger (as has been mentioned above) but also polarized to a greater extent as regards age; more of them live in villages and small towns; they have no family of their own (either they have not yet established one or the family they established has already disintegrated); they have no children; they earn a lot but have no flat of their own; they are ernployed as qualified manual workers; some find it difficult to stay on a regular job. Coincidence of the above environmental conditions increases the risk of alcohol dependence. Comparison of the hospital patients’ environment with that of persons treated in outpatient clinics offers many indications that the situation of the latter can be seen as generally more advantageous. They are somewhat older (a larger proportion of them representing the middle age categories); they have families (a lower proportion being divorced), and frequently also children; and most are permanently employed. It was revealed by the project that among hospital patients, there was a larger proportion of persons from extreme sections of distribution of socio-demographic traits while most persons treated in outpatient clinics show normal distributions of those variables. It can thus be concluded that there is among the latter a much bigger proportion of persons in a generally stable life situation. Important here is their undisturbed matrimonial life and permanent employment, as the family and workmates make it possible to control the negative effects of drinking. Just as important is the fact that the compared social environments of alcoholics (Ao and Aн) are unlike each other regarding their degree of involvement in religious practices. Persons treated in outpatient clinics show consistent attitudes towards faith; this is evidenced by a distinct polarization into those who regularly participate in religious practices and persons who never go to the church at all. Among hospital patients, instead, there is a much bigger proportion of persons who are irresolute as to their own faith and take part in religious life but occasionally. Alcoholism may lead to a lowered degree of religiousness and, as a result, to a considerable decrease in, and sometimes total desistance from participation in many religious practices. The project sought to answer questions such as e.g.: What is the degree of religiousness of examined alcoholics? Is their religiousness different from that of non-alcoholic population? If so, to what extent? General religious declarations of persons treated in outpatient clinics are similar as regards their attitudes towards faith. Instead, such persons more often declare lack of religion or religious indifference which may indicate a growing polarization of attitudes (religiousness or lack of religion). Alcoholism contributes to neglect in religious duties. Persons treated in outpatient clinics attend the Sunday service less regularly than other men from a similar social enviroment. Also, fewer alcoholics go to church on Easter: a smaller proportion (as compared to that found in a similar environment) observe the Easter duty and receive the Holy Communion. The high degree of religious declarations typical of the soclal background of hospital patients is somewhat lower in the case of alcoholics themselves. The drop is distinct, instead, as regards participation in religious practices of hospital-treated alcoholics. They attend the Sunday service but occasionally, and more often fail to go to church on Easter. On the other hand, their motivation seems stronger regarding the Easter duty. The period of hospital treatment and advanced alcoholism disturb the rhythm of periodical religious practices. We analyzed the correlation between religiousness (participation in the basic religious practices) and drinking habits. Religiousness was found to stimulate a limitation of both the frequency of drinking and the amount consumed on one occasion in men from the group of persons treated in outpatient clinics (Kօ, Ao). Regular participation in religious life through performance of the obligatory practices coincides with sobriety in everyday life. Instead, religious irresolution consisting in neglect of the Sunday and Easter practices is accompanied by a radical deterioration in the sphere of drinking habits. What seems particularly important from the viewpoint of the problems under analysis is the fact that participation in religious practices (on Sundays and Easter alike) reduces the frequency of drinking in persons treated in outpatient clinics. A drop in the amount of vodka consumed by those persons on one occasion is related mainly to the Easter practice. On the other hand, the study failed to confirm good effects of religiousness on the drinking habits in the environment of hospital patients (Kн, Aн). Hospital patients are no doubt alienated from their social background to a greater extent than persons treated in outpatient clinics. This is evidenced by their late start of the disaccustoming treatment. Over 60% of hospital patients live in small and medium-sized towns as well as villages while persons treated in outpatient clinics are chiefly inhabitants of big cities (58%) and medium-sized towns (41%). This indicates weakness of disaccustoming clinics in small localities, due to their small number, understaffing, and the locals’ unawareness of alcoholism being a disease.
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 1996, XXII; 43-83
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: IDENTIFYING REGIONAL DIVERSIFICATION AND SPATIAL DEPENDENCE OF EMPLOYMENT IN EU REGIONS AS ONE OF SOCIAL COHESION INDICATORS
IDENTYFIKACJA ZRÓŻNICOWANIA REGIONALNEGO I PRZESTRZENNEJ ZALEŻNOŚCI ZATRUDNIENIA W REGIONACH UE JAKO JEDEN ZE WSKAŹNIKÓW SPÓJNOŚCI SPOŁECZNEJ
Autorzy:: Bal-Domańska, Beata
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/654664.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:: Zależność przestrzenna
spójność społeczna
zatrudnienie
regiony NUTS-2 UE.
Spatial dependence
social cohesion
employment
EU NUTS-2 regions.
Opis:: Celem niniejszego artykułu jest identyfikacja zależności przestrzennych dla zatrudnienia jako jednego z podstawowych wskaźników spójności społecznej i gospodarczej w Unii Europejskiej. Wprowadzenie w życie zasady spójności społecznej odnosi się do zmniejszenia dysproporcji między krajami i regionami w obszarach m.in. tj. zatrudnienie. Dla Wspólnoty Europejskiej, ten aspekt jest szczególnie ważny, ponieważ jeden z jej celów dotyczy właśnie wspierania rozwoju zrównoważonych działań gospodarczych na całym terytorium. Przedstawiona analiza jest próbą udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytanie o występowaniu regionalnych klastrów charakteryzujących się podobnym poziomem rozwoju rynku pracy. Takie podejście może być pomocne w podejmowaniu decyzji dotyczących wsparcia finansowego i pozwolić na identyfikację klastrów przestrzennych charakteryzujących się niekorzystną sytuacją. Analiza obejmuje lata 2005-2012, co pozwala na ocenę zmian interakcji przestrzennej vis-a-vis zatrudnienia, jako jednego z najważniejszych wskaźników spójności społecznej po rozszerzeniu Unii Europejskiej w 2004 roku – największym pojedynczym rozszerzeniu Unii Europejskiej w aspektach: terytorialnych, liczby państw i ludności, w tym rynku pracy.
The objective of this article is to identify spatial dependence in terms of employment as one of the basic indicators of social and economic cohesion in the European Union. The implementation of the social cohesion principle refers to reducing disproportions between countries and regions in areas such as employment. For the European Community, this aspect is of particular importance since one of its objectives consists precisely in the promotion of the development of balanced economic activities across the territory. The presented analysis is to provide an answer to the question about the occurrence of regional clusters characterised by similar labour market development levels. This approach can be helpful in taking decisions about financial support and allow for the identification of spatial clusters characterised by an unfavourable situation. The analysis covers the period 2005-2012, which allowed for the assessment of changes in spatial interaction vis-à-vis employment as one of the most important indicators of social cohesion after EU enlargement in 2004 – the largest single expansion of the European Union (EU) in terms of territory, number of states and population, including labour market.
Źródło:: Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica; 2014, 5, 307
0208-6018
2353-7663
Pojawia się w:: Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: The feminine contribution to ‘social friendship’ insights from the social encyclical "Fratelli Tutti"
Autorzy:: Petrini, Raffaella
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49061054.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2024-02-03
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:: fraternity
happiness
social friendship
ethics of care
human dignity
fragility
dependence
common good
Opis:: The latest social encyclical of Pope Francis, Fratelli Tutti (2020), focuses on the theme of fraternity, which is a key concept of Catholic social teaching. The papal document reiterates that true universal fraternity implies the acknowledgement of the worth of each human person as a primary value of reference, always and everywhere. Fraternity, however, rooted in reciprocity and openness to mutual enrichment, needs to be consciously and carefully cultivated. Although men and women are both called to actively participate in building the culture of fraternity and solidarity that allows the pursuit of the common good, women can offer a particular contribution to promoting fraternity and social friendship. The feminine capacity to nurture and bring forth new life can effectively enhance an attitude of care, which integrates and completes the more masculine orientation towards justice, marked by a distinct sensitivity towards those who are more fragile and in need of help. From this perspective, a cultural change is needed, through education and practice, so that the feminine capacity for care can be recognized as a gift and promoted within organizations and all basic structures of common life.
Źródło:: Studia Iuridica; 2023, 99; 188-198
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:: Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Siecioholizm jako patologia społeczna o charakterze technologicznym
Webaholism as a Technology-Related Social Pathology
Autorzy:: Bis, Dorota
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1811396.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:: media
patologia społeczna
nowe uzależnienia
uzależnienie od czynności
uzależnienie od Internetu
social pathology
new addictions
dependence of activities
Internet addiction
Opis:: Siecioholizm jest uzależnieniem od czynności, w których substancje chemiczne nie pełnią żadnej roli. Uzależnienie od Internetu, jako rodzaj nowej patologii społecznej o charakterze technologicznym, jest niezwykle niebezpiecznym zjawiskiem, które dynamicznie się rozwija, ponieważ początkowo niegroźne korzystanie z komputera, nawet w celach edukacyjnych, zczasem wydłuża się do kilkunastu godzin dziennie. Internet wpływa destrukcyjnie nie tylko na organizm użytkownika, lecz również na jego funkcjonowanie w sferze społecznej, emocjonalnej i poznawczej. Uniemożliwia więc jego użytkownikowi prawidłowe funkcjonowanie wżyciu codziennym i zaburza integralny rozwój dzieci i młodzieży.
Siecioholizm is dependence of activities, in which chemicals do not play any role. Internet addiction as a kind of new social pathology of a technical nature is extremely dangerous phenomenon that dynamically expands and as the first minor to use your computer, even for educational purposes, with sometimes up to several hours per day. Internet destructive influence not only on the user's body, but also its function in the social, emotional and cognitive. Prevents the user so its proper functioning in everyday life and interferes with the integral development of children and youth.
Źródło:: Roczniki Pedagogiczne; 2014, 6(42), 4; 103-119
2080-850X
Pojawia się w:: Roczniki Pedagogiczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Poczucie osamotnienia a wsparcie społeczne i zadowolenie z życia u mężczyzn uzależnionych od alkoholu
Social support, life satisfaction and feeling of loneliness among alcohol dependent males
Autorzy:: Chodkiewicz, Jan
Światkowska, Magdalena
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2139567.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2007
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:: alcohol dependence
loneliness
social support
life satisfaction
Opis:: The aim of the study was the answer to the a question about social and psychological correlates of feeling of loneliness among males beginning of therapy. The determinants of the feeling of loneliness were identified too. Social and demographical data, social support and life satisfaction were included to independent variables. Research was conducted on 60 alcohol dependent males which are at the beginning of the therapy. Recluse people which undertook therapy in past have the higher level of oneliness. Males with higher level of loneliness are less satisfied with many aspects of their lives and have weaker social support. The results indicated that four of examined variables became the feeling of loneliness predictors: emotional support, social integration, satisfaction with oneself and state of health.
Źródło:: Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica; 2007, 11; 81-95
2353-4842
Pojawia się w:: Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Przestrzenne aspekty rozwoju innowacyjnego w gminach: wyznaczniki przedsiębiorczości społecznej
Spatial aspects of innovative development in Polish communes: determinants of social entrepreneurship
Autorzy:: Okrasa, Włodzimierz
Kober, Michał
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1932017.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2021-12-31
Wydawca:: Główny Urząd Statystyczny
Tematy:: innowacja społeczna
rozwój lokalny
deprywacja lokalna
zależności przestrzenne
klastry przestrzenne
social innovation
local development
community deprivation
spatial dependence
spatial clusters
Opis:: Innowacja społeczna jest głównym czynnikiem przedsiębiorczości społecznej. Niniejsze opracowanie koncentruje się na analizie określanych tym mianem działań społeczności lokalnych w ramach dążenia do poprawy jakości życia ich członków. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie – zgodnie z nadrzędną tezą badawczą – szczególnego znaczenia wymiaru przestrzennego i roli miejsca (lokalizacji) w analizie przedsiębiorczości i innowacji społecznej. Aby zidentyfikować różnice pomiędzy zasobami rozwoju endogenicznego, bazującego na potencjale własnym jednostek terytorialnych – tu: gmin wiejskich w porównaniu z gminami miejskimi – dokonano wyboru zestawu odpowiednich wskaźników. Wykorzystano dane z BDL GUS za 2017 r. Wyniki analiz potwierdziły przeważający w literaturze pogląd o stosunkowo słabszym potencjale gmin wiejskich, szczególnie tych położonych w oddaleniu od dużych aglomeracji. Zastosowanie metod statystyki przestrzennej pozwoliło zaobserwować zarazem tendencję do występowania klastrów (tworzenia się skupisk) gmin o podobnym poziomie rozwoju i potencjale w zakresie przedsiębiorczości społecznej, czyli efekt sąsiedztwa, aczkolwiek z różnym natężeniem w różnych regionach kraju.
Social innovation is the main factor of social entrepreneurship. The study focuses on the analysis of this kind of local communities’ activity designed to improve the quality of life of their members. The aim of the article, in accordance with the overarching research thesis, is to show the special importance of the spatial dimension and the significant role of place (location) in the analysis of entrepreneurship and social innovation. In order to identify the differences between the resources of endogenous development, which uses the potential of territorial units (here: rural communes as opposed to municipalities), a set of relevant indicators was selected. The study used data for 2017 from the Local Data Bank of Statistics Poland. The results of the analyses confirmed the view, prevalent in the literature, that rural communes, especially those located further from large agglomerations, have a comparatively weaker potential for entrepreneurship. At the same time, thanks to the application of spatial statistics methods, a tendency to form clusters was observed among communes developed to a similar extent and displaying a similar potential for entrepreneurship. In other words, what was observed was the ‘neighbourhood effect’, which, however, varied in intensity across the country’s regions.
Źródło:: Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician; 2021, 66, 12; 54-74
0043-518X
Pojawia się w:: Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Religia i moralność w świadomości Polaków: zależność czy autonomia?
Religion and Morality in the Minds of Poles: Dependence or Autonomy?
Autorzy:: Mariański, Janusz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2096786.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Instytut Socjologii
Tematy:: social modernization
religion
morality
secularization
modernizacja społeczna
religia
moralność
sekularyzacja
Opis:: Autor podejmuje kilka wybranych zagadnień związanych z relacją religijności i moralności w wymiarach ogólnych oraz relacje religijności i postaw Polaków wobec norm katolickiej moralności małżeńskiej i rodzinnej. Całość rozważań zamyka krótka diagnoza postaw Polaków wobec zapłodnienia pozaustrojowego in vitro, w której to kwestii szczególnie dobitnie zaznacza się rozziew pomiędzy doktryną moralną Kościoła katolickiego a rzeczywistymi postawami Polaków, w tym i katolików. W analizach socjologicznych odwołujemy się zarówno do wybranych sondaży ogólnopolskich dotyczących religijności i moralności (głównie do sondaży CBOS), ale i do badań socjologicznych. W świetle przeprowadzonych analiz socjologicznych nie można jednoznacznie odpowiedzieć na postawione w tytule artykułu pytanie „zależność czy autonomia”. Bez wątpienia więź religii i moralności słabnie, wzmacniają się procesy autonomizacji moralności, ale precyzyjne określenie zakresu tej ewolucji: od zależności do autonomii, nie jest łatwo zdiagnozować w skali całego społeczeństwa. Proces sekularyzacji moralności trwa.
In the article the author takes up a few selected issues related to the general relationship between religion and morality and analyzes the correlation between religion and the attitudes of Poles towards the norms of the Catholic morality, marriage and family. All these considerations are concluded with a brief diagnosis of Polish attitudes towards in vitro fertilization. This issue is particularly marked by a discrepancy between the moral doctrine of the Catholic Church and the actual attitudes of Poles, including the Catholics. In sociological analyses we refer both to the selected national surveys on religion and morality (mainly CBOS surveys), as well as sociological research. In the light of the conducted sociological analysis one cannot clearly answer the question posed in the title of the article: “dependence or autonomy?” Without a doubt the bond between religion and morality is weakening and the processes leading to morality’s autonomy are reinforcing. However, a precise indication of the scope of this evolution: from dependence to independence, is not easy to establish in the scope of the whole society. The secularization of morality continues.
Źródło:: Konteksty Społeczne; 2015, 3, 1; 8-26
2300-6277
Pojawia się w:: Konteksty Społeczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Rola kapitału społecznego w zarządzaniu przedsiębiorstwem w aspekcie jego konkurencyjności i innowacyjności
The role of social capital in the management of the company in terms of competitiveness and innovation
Autorzy:: Mirski, Andrzej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/528181.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2013
Wydawca:: Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:: Social capital
competitiveness
innovation
network of relationships
mutual dependence
mutual recognition
flow of knowledge
welfare
Opis:: The main thesis of this article is, that social capital significantly increases the competitiveness and innovation. Bourdieu defined social capital as the sum of the actual and potential resources which are linked to possession of a durable network of relationships, based on mutual dependence and recognition. In my terms, social capital consists of two parts: the same social relations that enable individual access to the resources of the people you are connected, and the quantity and quality of those resources. Individuals and organizations with high social capital gain competitive advantage through rapid ﬂ ow of knowledge. With regard to the public good role of social capital lies primarily in its servitude, lies in the fact that it allows to combine and more efficient use of other types of capital. As a result of social capital can offset the adverse economic events, to help better cope with crises and to compensate for market failure. Social capital not only plays an important role in the economic sphere but also in the social life of ordinary people, enhancing their welfare and prevent loneliness.
Źródło:: Państwo i Społeczeństwo; 2013, 2; 9-39
1643-8299
2451-0858
Pojawia się w:: Państwo i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Steroidy anaboliczno-androgenne (anabolic-androgenic steroids, AAS) – społeczna androgenizacja: rozpowszechnienie używania, problemy zdrowotne
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) and social androgenisation: the prevalence of use and related health problems
Autorzy:: Dietrich-Muszalska, Anna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/945720.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2005
Wydawca:: Medical Communications
Tematy:: anabolic-androgenic steroids
dependence
social androgenisation
społeczna androgenizacja
steroidy anaboliczno-androgenne
substance abuse
uzależnienie
używanie
Opis:: This paper shows the epidemiological data concerning the androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS) use and dependence. It draws attention to the problem of AAS use not only by sportsmen but also by adolescents and young adults in order to build up muscle and shape their bodies. This phenomenon is known as social androgenisation. It often coexists with the abuse of other psychoactive substances such as amphetamine, cocaine, hallucinogenic drugs. In the course of the AAS use there is a high risk of various health problems, aggravated when also other substances are used, and the possibility of substance dependence. The AAS abstinence syndrome comprises a variety of symptoms appearing in different configuration and intensity. Usually it consists of two phases: the first phase is dominated by symptoms of the adrenergic system disturbances, similar to the opiate abstinence syndrome. In the second phase, which develops within a week, a post-steroid depression comes with an urge to take another dose of the substance. In Poland the problem of social androgenisation has not yet been recognised, there has been no assessment of the mental issues, which may accompany the use of AAS, especially affective disorders, related with the increased risk of suicidal behaviours. The use of AAS among professional sportsmen is regulated by the law, while social androgenisation related with the use of AAS and nutrients containing testosterone and nandrolone precursors has no legal regulations whatsoever in our country.
W pracy przedstawiono dane epidemiologiczne dotyczące używania i uzależnienia od steroidów anaboliczno-androgennych (ang. anabolic-androgenic steroids, AAS). Zwrócono uwagę na problem używania AAS nie tylko przez sportowców (doping), ale również przez młodzież i młodych dorosłych, w celu kształtowania masy mięśniowej i sylwetki ciała, czyli tzw. społeczną androgenizację. Stosowanie AAS przez młodzież i młodych dorosłych współwystępuje niejednokrotnie z używaniem innych substancji psychoaktywnych (SPA), np. amfetaminy, kokainy, halucynogenów. W przebiegu używania AAS występują: wysokie ryzyko różnych powikłań zdrowotnych, nasilone w przypadku używania innych SPA, oraz możliwość uzależnienia od tych substancji. Na zespół abstynencyjny AAS składa się szereg objawów występujących w różnej konfiguracji i nasileniu; przeważnie ma on charakter dwufazowy. W pierwszej fazie dominują objawy wynikające z zaburzeń układu adrenergicznego, podobne do objawów zespołu abstynencyjnego opiatowego. W fazie drugiej, zwykle w czasie tygodnia, rozwija się depresja posteroidowa z dążeniem do ponownego przyjęcia substancji AAS. W Polsce problem społecznej androgenizacji nie jest rozpoznany, nie ma też oceny rozpowszechnienia współwystępowania zaburzeń psychicznych, które mogą towarzyszyć używaniu AAS. W przebiegu stosowania tych substancji mogą występować zaburzenia afektywne, co stanowi problem również z tego względu, że wiąże się z istotnym ryzykiem podjęcia próby samobójczej. W pracy podkreślono, że doping AAS wśród sportowców kwalifikowanych jest kontrolowany przepisami sportowymi, a nawet karnymi, natomiast tzw. społeczna androgenizacja związana z przyjmowaniem AAS i różnych odżywek zawierających prekursory testosteronu i nandrolonu nie podlega, w naszym kraju, regulacji prawnej.
Źródło:: Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna; 2005, 5, 2; 99-105
1644-6313
2451-0645
Pojawia się w:: Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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