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    Wyświetlanie 1-28 z 28
    Tytuł:
    Exhaled nitric oxide in smokers and former smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    Autorzy:
    Galiniak, S.
    Aebisher, D.
    Rachel, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2087917.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Opolski. Instytut Nauk o Zdrowiu
    Tematy:
    nitric oxide
    smoking
    respiratory diseases
    chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    Opis:
    Background: Measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a useful technique for detection of eosinophilic airway inflammation and assessment of efficiency of corticosteroid treatment in patents with respiratory disease. Generally studies agree that measurement of FeNO is a useful non-invasive biomarker in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), however, there are reports that do not confirm such a relationship between FeNO and COPD. Aim of the study: The main objective of this study was to investigate FeNO levels in Polish patients with COPD compared to healthy controls. As a secondary objective, we assessed the influence of smoking on FeNO levels in healthy patients, and patients with COPD. Material and methods: FeNO concentration was measured using an electrochemical analyzer in healthy nonsmokers (n=21), healthy smokers (n=25), and former smokers with COPD (n=30) and smokers with COPD (n=38). General characteristics, hematological variables and serum biochemical parameters were also obtained and analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: FeNO measurement revealed significantly reduced NO levels in healthy smokers compared to healthy non-smokers, former smokers with COPD and smokers with COPD (median [range]: 14 [6–17] vs. 21 [15–29], 25 [15–53], and 19 [11–32] ppb, respectively, p<0.001). Moreover, we found increased FeNO levels in ex-smokers with COPD compared with smokers with COPD (p<0.05). No associations between FeNO and other analyzed parameters were found. Conclusions: Levels of FeNO, measured by with an electrochemical analyzer, were elevated among patients with COPD compared to healthy non-smoking controls. Moreover, our study confirms that smoking results in a reduction in FeNO concentration in both healthy patients and patients with COPD.
    Źródło:
    Medical Science Pulse; 2020, 14, 2; 36-43
    2544-1558
    2544-1620
    Pojawia się w:
    Medical Science Pulse
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Melatonin reverses the enhanced oxidative damage to membrane lipids and improves skin biophysical characteristics in former-smokers - a study in postmenopausal women
    Autorzy:
    Sagan, Dorota
    Stępniak, Jan
    Gesing, Adam
    Lewiński, Andrzej
    Karbownik-Lewińska, Małgorzata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/987005.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Wsi
    Tematy:
    smoking
    former-smokers
    never-smokers
    postmenopausal women
    oxidative stress
    lipid peroxidation
    skin biophysical
    characteristics
    sebum
    moisture
    elasticity
    Opis:
    Introduction and objective. Protective antioxidative effects of melatonin have been repeatedly documented in experimental and clinical studies. One of the most spectacular exogenous prooxidative agents is cigarette smoking. The aim of the study was to evaluate the level of oxidative damage to membrane lipids (lipid peroxidation; LPO) in blood serum, and in epidermis exfoliated during microdermabrasion collected from former-smokers who were treated with melatonin. Materials and Method. The study was performed in postmenopausal women. Ninety (90) female volunteers, aged 46–67 years, were enrolled. Two major groups, i.e. never-smokers (n=44) and former-smokers (n=46), were divided into: Control, melatonin topical skin application, Restructurer (containing antioxidants) topical skin application, and melatonin oral treatment. Microdermabrasion was performed at point ‘0’, after 2 weeks, and after 4 weeks of treatment. The following parameters were measured: LPO in blood serum, LPO in epidermis exfoliated during microdermabrasion, and skin biophysical characteristics, such as sebum, moisture, elasticity, and pigmentation. Malondialdehyde+4-hydroxyalkenals level (LPO index) was measured spectrophotometrically. Results. Melatonin oral treatment significantly reversed the increased serum LPO level in former-smokers already after 2 weeks of treatment. In a univariate regression model, LPO blood level constituted the only independent factor negatively associated with melatonin oral treatment. After 4 weeks of treatment, melatonin given orally increased skin sebum, moisture and elasticity levels, and melatonin applied topically increased sebum level. Conclusion. Exogenous melatonin reverses the enhanced oxidative damage to membrane lipids and improves skin biophysical characteristics in former-smokers.
    Źródło:
    Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2017, 24, 4
    1232-1966
    Pojawia się w:
    Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Smoke-free policies and non-smokers’ reactions to SHS exposure in small and medium enterprises
    Autorzy:
    Sivri, Calliopi
    Lazuras, Lambros
    Rodafinos, Angelos
    Eiser, John R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2179068.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013-12-01
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    non-smokers’ assertiveness
    smoke-free workplace
    attitudes
    SHS exposure
    Opis:
    Introduction: Non-smoker employees can significantly improve the existing smoke-free policies in the workplace by asserting their right for smoke-free air and confronting smoker colleagues. The aim of the study was to assess the psychological and social drivers of non-smokers' readiness to assert their right for smoke-free air in the workplace. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six small-and-medium enterprises (SME) with diverse background were randomly selected, and 284 employees agreed to participate in the study. Our study focused on the responses of 85 non-smokers (M age = 34 years, SD = 7.98, 84.2% worked in indoor offices). A cross-sectional design was used and participants completed a structured anonymous questionnaire assessing background and demographic characteristics, and psychosocial predictors of assertiveness intentions. Results: Although more than half of non-smokers reported they were often/almost always bothered by exposure to SHS, roughly one third of them reported having asked their colleagues not to smoke at work. Regression analysis showed that the effects of distal predictors (i.e. annoyance due to SHS exposure) were mediated by past behaviour, attitudes (protection motivation beliefs), social norms, and self-efficacy. Conclusions: Health beliefs related to SHS exposure, and concerns about workplace health and job performance, social norms and self-efficacy can increase the assertiveness of non-smokers in workplace settings. Related campaigns should focus on communicating normative messages and self-efficacy training to empower non-smoker employees to act assertively towards protecting their smoke-free rights.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2013, 26, 6; 940-948
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    An assessment of unstimulated salivary flow rate, IgA and clinical oral dryness among active and passive smokers
    Autorzy:
    Nigar, Seeme
    Hassan, Sobia
    Maqsood, Afsheen
    Ahmed, Naseer
    Al-Askar, Mansour
    Mokeem, Sameer A.
    Alqutub, Montaser N.
    Aldahian, Nada
    AlSagob, Eman I.
    AlMubarak, Abdulrahman A.
    Vohra, Fahim
    Abduljabbar, Tariq
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2085673.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-02-15
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    IgA
    xerostomia
    passive smokers
    active smokers
    salivary flow rate
    oral dryness
    Opis:
    ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the impact of smoking on the whole salivary flow rate (SFR), IgA levels and clinical oral dryness (COD) among active and passive smokers.Material and MethodsThe participants were categorized as active smokers (N = 54) or passive smokers (N = 163). Saliva was collected in tubes and placed in ice storage at –70°C. Salivary IgA levels were assessed in duplication using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Following the saliva sample collection, the subjects were assessed for COD using the COD score, SFR and caries. Chi-square test, the t-test and ANOVA were employed to compare the clinical impact of the smoking status associated with specific variables (smoking status, number of cigarettes, active caries, gender, age, COD score, IgA level and SFR). A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsTwo hundred and seventeen subjects with the mean age of 32.86±6.30 years, with 145 males (66.8%) and 72 females (33.2%), were included in the study. Among the active smokers, 88.8% were males compared to 11.2% females. The active smokers had the mean age of 32.52 years, a COD score of 1.43, an IgA level of 1.39 g/l, and a SFR of 0.37 ml/min. Among the passive smokers, 59.5% were males and 40.5% were females, with the mean age of 32.97 years, a COD score of 0.87 g/l, an IgA level of 1.47, and a SFR of 0.42 ml/min. Active caries showed a positive correlation with the number of cigarettes, with significance in the >35 years age group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe study demonstrated significant differences in SFR, IgA and COD scores among the active and passive smokers. The number of cigarettes had a negative impact on saliva production, IgA levels, the oral health status, and the progression of caries with respect to age and gender. Smoking potentially leads to xerostomia associated with active caries.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2022, 35, 1; 39-51
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Perceived cessation treatment effectiveness among socially disadvantaged light and heavy smokers
    Autorzy:
    Milcarz, Marek
    Kaleta, Dorota
    Bąk-Romaniszyn, Leokadia
    Polańska, Kinga
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2161965.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-07-15
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    rural area
    socially disadvantaged smokers
    level of smoking
    perceived treatment effectiveness
    smoking cessation counseling
    beliefs
    Opis:
    Objectives The aim of the current study was to assess the perceived treatment effectiveness and beliefs with respect to the best advisor who could conduct smoking cessation treatment or counseling among socially disadvantaged light and heavy smokers. This could be crucial for implementation of a successful smoking cessation intervention among this vulnerable population. Material and Methods The current assessments were based on the data collected during the second wave of a cross-sectional study performed in the Piotrkowski District among 1668 adults aged 18–59, entitled to social aid from welfare institutions. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect the relevant data. Results The current daily smoking status was declared by 31% of the participants. About 23% of the study sample (74% of daily smokers) admitted to being heavy smokers with a meaningful difference between men and women (p < 0.05). About 29% of the daily smokers indicated that medications/pharmacotherapy could be a good method for giving up the habit. Fifteen percent of the participants shared the opinion that a smoking cessation specialist is the best advisor for counseling, and only about 7% would choose a general practitioner or pharmacist, and even fewer a nurse, as a person who could provide help to smokers. There were no statistically significant differences in any of the evaluated perceptions between the light and heavy smokers (p > 0.05). Conclusions A high share of heavy smokers among socially disadvantaged people, and their perception that medications/pharmacotherapy would be a good solution to quit smoking, underline the need for stronger support for this method, including relevant financing resources and training. However, this method should be applied along with behavioral counseling. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(4):527–36
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2019, 32, 4; 527-536
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Tobacco’s Appeal to the Senses and the Early Modern Smoker’s Still Life
    Autorzy:
    Saviello, Julia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1788554.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-09-13
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    (history of) tobacco
    (history of) tobacco smoking
    smoker’s still life (toebakje)
    smell
    taste
    sensory interaction
    allegories of the senses
    Opis:
    Smell and taste – of the five senses these are the two most strongly stimulated by smoking tobacco. The article presents an in-depth analysis of the reflection of both these forms of sensory perception in textual and visual sources concerning the early consumption of the herb. In a first step, tobacco’s changing reception, first as medicine and then as stimulant, is traced through the years of its increasing distribution in Europe, starting in the middle of the 16th century. As this overview reveals, at that time the still little known substance gave rise to new forms of sense perception. Following recent studies on smell and gustation, which have stressed the need to take into account the interactions between these senses, the article probes the manifold stimulation of the senses by tobacco with reference to allegorical representations and genre scenes addressing the five senses. The smoking of tobacco was thematized in both of these art forms as a means of visualizing either smell or taste. Yet, these depictions show no indication of any deliberate engagement with the exchange of sense data between mouth and nose. The question posed at the end of this paper is whether this holds true also for early smoker’s still lifes. In the so-called toebakjes or rookertjes, a subgenre of stilllife painting that, like tobacco, was still a novelty at the beginning of the 17th century, various smoking paraphernalia – such as rolled or cut tobacco, pipes and tins – are arrayed with various kinds of foods and drinks. Finally, the article addresses a selection of such smoker’s still lifes, using the toebakje by Pieter Claesz., probably the first of its kind, as a starting point and the work by Georg Flegel as a comparative example. Through their selection of objects, both offer a complex image of how tobacco engages different senses.
    Źródło:
    Ikonotheka; 2019, 29; 123-150
    0860-5769
    Pojawia się w:
    Ikonotheka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Micronucleus assay in epithelial cells from the oral cavity and urinary tract in female smokers and non-smokers
    Autorzy:
    Błaszczyk, E.
    Mielzynska-Svach, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/363246.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
    Tematy:
    epithelial cells
    micronucleus assay
    oral cavity
    tobacco smoking
    urinary tract
    komórki nabłonkowe
    test mikrojądrowy
    jama ustna
    palenie tytoniu
    drogi moczowe
    Opis:
    The aim of the work was to investigate the possible use of epithelial cells from the oral cavity and urinary tract in identifying smoking-related effects in women. Epithelial cells from the oral cavity and urinary tract were collected from 9 smoking and 9 non-smoking women and subjected to micronucleus assay. The DNA damage (cells with micronuclei and nuclear buds), cytokinetic defects (binucleated cells) and cell death (condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, pyknosis and karyolysis) were observed after DNA specific staining. In pooled analysis of the frequency of binucleated cells and condensed chromatin cells in 18 studied women, statistically significant differences were noted only in epithelial cells from the oral cavity in comparison to those of the urinary tract. Non pooled results demonstrated no differences in damage frequency in cells collected from the oral cavity and isolated from the urine. The lack of differences in the observed frequencies of micronuclei in buccal and urothelial cells could be an effect of the small size of the sampled group, smoking pattern of the women and the number of cigarettes smoked per day.
    Źródło:
    Environmental Biotechnology; 2014, 10, 2; 60-65
    1734-4964
    Pojawia się w:
    Environmental Biotechnology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ostatni papieros i tytoniowa wróżba, czyli kilka uwag o folklorze palaczy
    Last Cigarette and Tobacco Fortune Telling, or a Few Comments about the Smokers’ Folklore
    Autorzy:
    Gołębiowska-Suchorska, Agnieszka
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1790726.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-08-13
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    folklor palaczy
    zakazy
    dowcipy
    strategie obronne
    smokers’ folklore
    prohibitions
    jokes
    defense strategies
    Opis:
    Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wyników badań nad stosunkiem do palenia tytoniu odzwierciedlonym w folklorze współczesnych palaczy. Materiał badawczy stanowiły dane zebrane metodą wywiadu w latach 2017-2019 w Bydgoszczy i okolicznych miastach. Zakres tematyczny wyników prezentowanych w niniejszym artykule zawężono do znajomości przez osoby palące (aktualnie lub w przeszłości) małych form słownych (powiedzenia, zakazy, dowcipy) odnoszących do choroby nowotworowej, przesądów, przepowiedni oraz papierosów elektronicznych. Wyodrębniono strategie obronne palaczy wobec zagrożeń chorobą nowotworową, m.in. humor, przekora, idealizacja.
    This article aims to present the results of research on the attitude to smoking reflected in the folklore of modern smokers. Research material included data collected by the interview method in 2017-2019 in Bydgoszcz and nearby cities. Thematic scope of the results presented in this article has been narrowed down to smokers’ knowledge (currently or in the past) of small verbal forms (sayings, prohibitions, jokes) regarding cancer, superstitions, prophecies and electronic cigarettes. There were identified smokers’ defense strategies against cancer threats, including humor, perversity, idealization.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2020, 68, 7; 85-99
    0035-7707
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Efekty rzucania palenia papierosów wśród przewlekłych palaczy
    Effects of smoking cessation among chronic smokers
    Autorzy:
    Kałucka, Sylwia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/552433.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Przyjaciół Medycyny Rodzinnej i Lekarzy Rodzinnych
    Tematy:
    przewlekły palacz papierosów
    rzucanie palenia
    Źródło:
    Family Medicine & Primary Care Review; 2014, 2; 109-110
    1734-3402
    Pojawia się w:
    Family Medicine & Primary Care Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Negative impact of smoking on lung function: comparing Fev1/fvc values in smokers and non-smokers
    Autorzy:
    Sudchoo, K.
    Sangkhano, S.
    Prasopthum, A.
    Pouyfung, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28765154.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny
    Opis:
    Background. Cigarette smoking has been reported as the significant adverse effects on lung function, which can be evaluated by measuring forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and the ratio of FEV1 to FVC (FEV1/FVC) values. Objective. This study investigated the prevalence of tobacco use and nicotine dependence among college students and their stress levels to inform targeted interventions for smoking prevention and cessation. Material and methods. A total of 429 participants were interviewed face-to-face, of which 71.6% were female and 28.4% were male. Pulmonary function tests were exclusively administered to the 9.8% of participants who reported using tobacco. Results. Our findings revealed a low prevalence of nicotine dependence among college students, with only 6.8% exhibiting moderate or high levels of dependence. Students who reported tobacco use were found to have moderate stress levels, suggesting a potential association between smoking and stress. Chi-square tests revealed that gender, school affiliation, and nicotine dependence were significantly associated with smoking behavior. Long-term smoking (>5 years) was found to be associated with negative health outcomes, such as higher BMI, and increased smoking per day. The analysis of lung function parameters showed that smoking frequency and duration were negatively associated with lung function, while nicotine dependence increased with smoking frequency and duration. Conclusion. Our study suggests that targeted prevention and cessation programs should address these factors to reduce smoking rates among college students.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 2023, 74, 3; 335-343
    0035-7715
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Marlboro Man. Studium dla niepalących
    The Marlboro Man: a study for non-smokers
    Autorzy:
    Hendrykowski, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1390378.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-01-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    kultura popularna
    reklama
    efektywność
    kultura audiowizualna
    estetyka
    Opis:
    The long history of the “Marlboro Country” and “Marlboro Man” advertising campaigns (1954- 1989) represents the renewability of a certain image which was perfectly designed and meticulously thought out. This history constitutes a well-developed “syntagma” which consists of not one but many different, individual versions of a message. What is important is that the administrators and creators of these advertisements succeeded in keeping a semiotic balance between the personal characteristics of a particular model and the image schema which this model was to maintain. Each of these versions sustained the image that had once been created (stability of a cliché) and at the same time featured different representatives of this image and presented them in ever new ways that refreshed the previously achieved expression (dynamics of innovation). This was a multi-stage project which had been planned to “last long”. The “shape” of the Marlboro Man’s model face is a kind of personal testimony to the excellence of the product offered. The representatives of this image kept changing, but its matrix, which made these representatives similar to one another and instantly recognizable as part of a well-known stereotype, turned out to be surprisingly stable and unchanging over several decades.
    Źródło:
    Przestrzenie Teorii; 2014, 22; 139-150
    2450-5765
    Pojawia się w:
    Przestrzenie Teorii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Discovery of epidosites in the Mount Ślęża ophiolite (Fore-Sudetic Block, SW Poland)
    Autorzy:
    Klukowski, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2060355.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    epidosites
    Mount Ślęża ophiolite
    black smokers
    hydrothermal alteration
    Opis:
    The first suite of epidosite from the Central Sudetic Ophiolites has been discovered in the sheeted dyke complex of the Mount Ślęża ophiolite (SW Poland). Epidosites from the Mount Ślęża ophiolite represent A-type epidosites which metasomatically replaced diabasic sheeted dykes of the Strzegomiany–Kunów Fe-Ti mineralisation zone. They form decimetre-scale elongated pistachio-green patches or veins within single dykes. Their composition (quartz + epidote + titanite) is analogue to Troodos ophiolite end-member epidosite of Cyprus. The pistacite content of epidote range from Ps16 to Ps31 and is similar to those from other ophiolitic epidosites. Titanite is low in Al2O3 (0.61 to 1.10 wt.%) and Fe2O3 (0.43 to 0.63 wt.%) and high in V2O5 (from 0.22 to 0.47 wt.%). The presence of epidosites in the Mount Ślęża ophiolite can be considered as an evidence of its supra-subduction zone (SSZ) affinity. Finally, a direct link between the epidosite formation and the release of base metals from its protolith (Cu, Zn and Co) indicates the possibility of the Cyprus-type volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit (VMS) formation in the Mount Ślęża ophiolite.
    Źródło:
    Geological Quarterly; 2017, 61, 1; 99--105
    1641-7291
    Pojawia się w:
    Geological Quarterly
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evaluation of salivary alpha amylase activity in smokers with periodontitis, Khartoum state, 2023
    Autorzy:
    Abd Alwhab Awad Allah, Fatima
    Elrheima Ahmed, Hafsa Ahmed
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29519597.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
    Tematy:
    alpha-amylase
    periodontitis
    saliva
    smokers
    Opis:
    Introduction and aim. Smoking widely affect oral health, including its role in the development of periodontitis. Saliva contains an antioxidant system and various enzymes. The study was designed to evaluate the activity of salivary alpha amylase among individuals who smoke and have periodontitis. Material and methods. A total of 100 participants were included, with 50 cases (cigarette smokers with periodontitis) and the remaining 50 nonsmokers with healthy periodontium as the control group. Saliva samples were collected to measure salivary alpha amylase activity. Results. Smokers with periodontitis had significantly higher levels of salivary alpha amylase compared to the control group(177.96±14.5 vs 94.04±19.6 IU/mL, p<0.001). Additionally, there was a weak negative correlation between the level of alpha amylase and the age of the patients (p=0.01, r=0.376). However, no correlation was found between the level of alpha amylase and the duration of smoking (p=0.584, r=0.079). Conclusion. There is a significant increase in salivary alpha amylase levels among smokers with periodontitis. No correlation was found between age and salivary alpha amylase levels. However, a weak positive correlation was observed between the duration of smoking and salivary alpha amylase activity.
    Źródło:
    European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; 2023, 4; 692-695
    2544-2406
    2544-1361
    Pojawia się w:
    European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Visual Research Methods: Recognising the Social Identities and Behaviour of Non-smokers and Smokers
    Wizualne metody badawcze – Rozpoznawanie tożsamości społecznej i zachowania osób niepalących i palących
    Autorzy:
    Purhonen, Kirsi
    Kauronen, Marja-Leena
    Lehtonen, Olli
    Polak, Angelika
    Kallunki, Valdemar
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1748602.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    visual research methods
    pictures
    smoking prevention
    youth
    adolescents
    metody wizualne
    badania wizualne
    metoda badań wizualnych
    zapobieganie paleniu
    młodzież
    Opis:
    This article presents the visual research methods (VRM), a procedure containing an iterative circle for detecting smokers and non-smokers among adolescents and young adults. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to develop the theoretical framework and questionnaires, conduct workshops, content analysis and statistical modelling, and to examine and interpret the results. The visual context that detects smokers and non-smokers concerns the social norms and environment, attitudes, beliefs, role models, individual factors, situational context and healthy vs. unhealthy lifestyle.
    W artykule przedstawiono metody badań wizualnych (VRM), procedurę zawierającą iteracyjne koło do wykrywania palaczy i niepalących wśród młodzieży i młodych dorosłych. Wykorzystano metody jakościowe i ilościowe do opracowania ram teoretycznych i kwestionariuszy, przeprowadzenia warsztatów, analizy danych i modelowania statystycznego oraz do zbadania i interpretacji wyników. Kontekst wizualny, który rozróżnia osoby niepalące i palaczy, dotyczy norm społecznych i środowiska, postaw, przekonań, wzorców do naśladowania, czynników indywidualnych, kontekstu sytuacyjnego oraz zdrowego i niezdrowego stylu życia. VRM dostarcza precyzyjne wyniki dotyczące tego zjawiska oraz oferuje rzeczowy i odpowiedni sposób na jego zbadanie. Interpretacja wizualnego kontekstu palenia dostarcza cennych informacji dla rozwoju metod zapobiegania paleniu w porównaniu z tradycyjnym kwestionariuszem werbalnym.
    Źródło:
    Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics; 2021, 25, 3; 1-20
    1507-3866
    Pojawia się w:
    Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Vitamin C does not improve the efficacy of Helicobacter pylori eradication in smokers
    Autorzy:
    Namiot, A.
    Namiot, D.B.
    Bucki, R.
    Kemona, A.
    Kurylonek, A.J.
    Namiot, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1918926.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-06-10
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku
    Tematy:
    Helicobacter pylori
    treatment
    vitamin C
    Opis:
    Purpose: To evaluate the hypothesis that vitamin C improves the efficacy of Helicobacter pylori eradication in smokers when combined with pantoprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin. Materials and methods: The study completed 90 subjects of 98 enrolled, 58 smokers 32 nonsmokers. Helicobacter pylori status was determined by two methods, CLO test, and histology. Vitamin C (500 mg) was administered three times daily. The patients were considered as cured of H. pylori if the CLO test result and histology were negative 4 weeks after completion of eradication therapy. Results: Smokers had lower effectiveness of eradication therapy than non-smokers and the administration of vitamin C had not affected the outcome of eradication therapy. Conclusions: Vitamin C (500 mg tid) does not improve the eradication therapy when pantoprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin were used.
    Źródło:
    Progress in Health Sciences; 2020, 10(1); 77-81
    2083-1617
    Pojawia się w:
    Progress in Health Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Assessment of DNA damage using chromosomal aberrations assay in lymphocytes of waterpipe smokers
    Autorzy:
    Alsatari, Enas S.
    Azab, Mohammad
    Khabour, Omar F.
    Alzoubi, Karem H.
    Sadiq, May F.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2180083.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012-06-01
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    waterpipe
    smoking
    cigarette
    chromosomal aberrations
    Opis:
    Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxicity of waterpipe smoking in the lymphocytes of waterpipe smokers using chromosomal aberrations (CAs) assay. Materials and Methods: Fifty waterpipe smokers and 18 healthy nonsmokers volunteered to participate in the study. Additionally, 18 heavy cigarette smokers were recruited for comparison. Chromosomal aberrations (CAs) assay was used to evaluate DNA damage in the lymphocytes. Results: The results showed that similarly to cigarette smoking, waterpipe smoking significantly increased the frequencies of CAs (p < 0.01). In addition, the frequencies of CAs increased with more waterpipe use. Conclusions: Waterpipe smoking causes DNA damage to lymphocytes and the damage increases with more waterpipe use.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2012, 25, 3; 218-224
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Narażenie palaczy na fenole w dymie papierosowym w zależności od warunków palenia
    Exposure of smokers to phenols in the cigarette smoke depending on the conditions of smoking
    Autorzy:
    Czogala, J.
    Wardas, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/871250.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1993
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 1993, 44, 2-3
    0035-7715
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The effect of the minimum wage on smoking-related indicators in selected OECD countries
    Autorzy:
    Rigelsky, Martin
    Ivankova, Viera
    Gavurova, Beata
    Mudrik, Martin
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22444413.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
    Tematy:
    smoking addiction
    smokers
    minimum wage
    economic development
    OECD countries
    Opis:
    Research background: The amount of the minimum wage is, in some sense, an indicator of the economic level of a country. There are considerable differences in this indicator between the countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). At the same time, the minimum wage is also an instrument that largely regulates people's behaviour and affects different areas of life. Purpose of the article: The objective of this study is to determine the relations between the minimum wage and individual smoking-related indicators in a sample of selected OECD countries (16 countries). The study answers the question of whether people in countries with lower minimum wages (lower development) smoke more than in countries with higher minimum wages. Methods: Four variables entered into the analytical processing, the minimum wage, daily smokers (age 15+), daily smokers (age 15-24) and tobacco consumption in grams per capita (age 15+). The data were collected between 2011 and 2017. The analysis was carried out in three steps ? descriptive analysis, cluster analysis and regression analysis. Findings & Value added: It has been found that the minimum wage negatively affects smoking and tobacco consumption, i.e. in developed countries, where the minimum wage is higher, people smoke less. Regarding the evaluation of minimum wage and tobacco consumption, countries such as Austria, New Zealand or the United States can be considered positive. On the other hand, opportunities for improvement can be seen in countries such as the Czech Republic, Spain, Estonia and Israel. The study highlights the importance of the effect of the minimum wage on selected smoking-related indicators in selected OECD countries. In all three cases, there was a negative relation; therefore, smoking can be expected to decrease, if the minimum wage is increased.
    Źródło:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2020, 15, 3; 439-461
    1689-765X
    2353-3293
    Pojawia się w:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The level of effectiveness of Polish legislation relating to health protection against the consequences of tobacco use
    Autorzy:
    Zajdel-Całkowska, Justyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2116547.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-09-17
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    tobacco
    legal regulations
    health protection
    tobacco use
    tobacco addiction
    protection of non-smokers
    Opis:
    The purpose of this work is to analyze the regulatory environment for tobacco use, with particular reference to changes made in the last 10 years. An attempt was made to answer the question of the extent to which the regulatory environment has a real impact on the achievement of the objective set out in the existing legal provisions, which is to protect the health and rights of the persons concerned. An analytical method was used in the work to assess the application of legal principles. A method of analyzing the current line of jurisprudence was also used. In the process of final evaluation of public utilities, certain functional methods were used. The assessment was subjected to Polish law, within the scope of the currently binding Act on Health Protection Against the Consequences of Using Tobacco and Tobacco Products of 1995. The study states that the provisions of this Act are only a formal guarantee of protection. The liability arising from the application of its standard is illusory because the procedure for imposing penalties is ineffective. The pursuit of any property claims related to violation of the rights of related entities, as envisaged in this Act, is complicated. This does not apply to a case which is not affected by the decision.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2020, 33, 5; 599-610
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Świadomość pacjentów dotycząca powikłań związanych z paleniem papierosów
    Awareness of smokers regarding complications associated with smoking
    Autorzy:
    Przybylska-Kuć, Sylwia
    Bartoszek, Elżbieta
    Dec, Małgorzata
    Myśliński, Wojciech
    Mosiewicz, Jerzy
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/551777.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Przyjaciół Medycyny Rodzinnej i Lekarzy Rodzinnych
    Tematy:
    palenie tytoniu
    rak płuca
    podstawowa opieka zdrowotna
    Źródło:
    Family Medicine & Primary Care Review; 2014, 2; 153-154
    1734-3402
    Pojawia się w:
    Family Medicine & Primary Care Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    New laws to reduce tobacco smoking changed attitudes to the problem, but not the percentage of smokers
    Autorzy:
    Opoczyńska-Swieżewska, D.
    Raciborski, F.
    Samoliński, B.K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2081844.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Wsi
    Tematy:
    tobacco cessation
    smoke-free policy
    smoking epidemiology
    public health
    Opis:
    Introduction. The epidemic of tobacco smoking remains one of the most important challenges in public health. It is associated with premature death. For this reason, the Act of 9 November 1995 on the Protection of Public Health against the Effects of Use of Tobacco and Tobacco Products, as amended on 15 November 2010, implemented significant additional restrictions on smoking in public places. Objective. The objective of this study is evaluation of the impact of smoking regulations on social behaviour and attitude to the legal forms of tobacco control, due to the new smoke-free policy. Materials and method. A secondary statistical analysis of third party data was used in the study. The material was obtained from the Public Opinion Research Centre. Polls are conducted among representative samples of about 1,000 adult inhabitants of Poland. The studies on cigarette smoking were carried out in 3 editions (2010, 2011, 2012). Results. The collected data on tobacco smoking before and after implementation of the Act show that the number of smokers remained at a comparable level – about 30% (p=0.891). Between 2010–2012, an increase was observed in the percentage of people supporting the smoking ban in public places. The total number of people who definitely or rather supported the smoking ban increased from 75.6% in 2010 to 85.0% in 2012 (p<0.001). Conclusions. The restrictive smoking ban in public places implemented in 2010 did not have an impact on the number of smokers in the studied time interval, although an increase in the number of people supporting the smoking ban in public places was observed.
    Źródło:
    Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2018, 25, 3; 546-551
    1232-1966
    Pojawia się w:
    Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rozpowszechnienie problemów okulistycznych wśród nałogowych palaczy papierosów
    The spread of eye diseases in habitual smokers
    Autorzy:
    Gać, Piotr
    Karp, Dariusz
    Gać, Paweł
    Zawadzki, Marcin
    Poręba, Rafał
    Pawlas, Krystyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1039988.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach
    Tematy:
    refrakcja
    palenie papierosów
    choroby oczu
    refraction
    smoking
    eye diseases
    Opis:
    INTRODUCTION Habitual smoking according to WOBASZ project was identified in 42% of men and 25% women. The most common eye problems include disorders of refraction, accomodation and and of ocular muscles. AIM The aim of the study was to determine the spread of eye disorders in habitual smokers and the attempt to check whether smoking may have an influence on eye disorders. Material and methods. The study was carried out in the city of Wroclaw in a group of 83 students with the use of original questionnaire based on 74 questions on: subjective symptoms connected with vision, basic optometric information, eye diseases, and environmental factors influencing on the optic system. The study group was divided into 2 subgroups: 66 non-smoking students and 17 students declaring the habitual smoking. Statistical analysis was performed with STATICTICA 6.0 package. P less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS In a subgroup of smokers subjective symptoms connected with vision such as headaches, vertigos were statistically significant more common in smokers (non-smokers 31% vs. smokers 40%) as well as the feeling of eye dryness and burning (non-smokers 13% vs. smokers 50%). Smokers more often wore glasses (non-smokers 31% vs. 50%) and contact lenses (non-smokers 14% vs. smokers 33%) in comparison with non-smokers. The mean value of the refraction disorder – myopia – for students wearing glasses was statistically significant higher in smokers (non-smokers –1.75 dioptres for the right and left eye and smokers –4.0 for both eyes). For students wearing contact lenses the mean value of the refraction disorder was also higher for smokers (non-smokers –2.0 dioptres for both eyes, smokers –5.0 for the right eye and –5.25 dioptres for the left eye). Stye was more commonly present in smokers in comparison with non-smokers (non-smokers 0%, smokers 27 %). CONCLUSIONS The spread of eye disorders in the population of students was similar as in the whole population. Generally, disorders of the optic system were more common in habitual smokers.
    WSTĘP Nałóg palenia tytoniu w Polsce dotyczy według programu WOBASZ 42% mężczyzn i 25% kobiet. Celem badania była ocena rozpowszechnienia problemów okulistycznych wśród palaczy oraz odpowiedź na pytanie: Czy palenie tytoniu ma wpływ na występowanie zaburzeń układu optycznego oka. MATERIAŁ I METODY Badanie przeprowadzono we Wrocławiu na grupie 83 studentów w oparciu o autorską ankietę składającą się z 74 pytań obejmujących: subiektywne objawy związane z widzeniem, podstawowe informacje optometryczne, choroby oczu oraz czynniki środowiskowe wpływające na stan układu optycznego. Badaną grupę studentów podzielono na dwie podgrupy: 66 studentów niepalących papierosy i 17 studentów deklarujących nałogowe palenie papierosów. WYNIKI Wśród subiektywnych objawów związanych z widzeniem, palący papierosy istotnie statystycznie częściej w porównaniu z niepalącymi zgłaszali bóle i zawroty głowy (niepalący:31%; palący:40%) oraz uczucie suchości i pieczenia oczu (niepalący:13%; palący:33%). Palacze znamiennie częściej nosili, zarówno okulary (niepalący:31%; palący:50%), jak i soczewki kontaktowe (niepalący:14%; palący:33%). Średnia wartość wady wzroku dla osób noszących okulary była istotnie statystycznie wyższa w grupie palących papierosy (niepalący:–1,75 dioptrie w przypadku oka prawego i –1,75 dioptrie w przypadku oka lewego; palący: odpowiednio –4,0 dioptrie i –4,0 dioptrie). Dla osób noszących soczewki kontaktowe średnia wartość wady wzroku była również istotnie wyższa w grupie palących tytoń (niepalący:–2,0 dioptrie w przypadku oka prawego i –2,0 dioptrie w przypadku oka lewego; palący: odpowiednio –5,0 dioptrie i –5,25 dioptrie). Wśród chorób narządu wzroku, u palących papierosy istotnie statystycznie częściej w porównaniu z niepalącymi występował jęczmień (niepalący: 0%; palący:27%). WNIOSKI Problemy okulistyczne w badanej populacji występowały z częstością porównywalną do częstości występowania w populacji ogólnej. Zaburzenia układu optycznego oka zasadniczo częściej zgłaszali nałogowi palacze papierosów.
    Źródło:
    Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis; 2009, 63, 5; 65-71
    1734-025X
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Tobacco smokers and electronic cigarettes users among Polish universities students
    Autorzy:
    Zarobkiewicz, M.K.
    Wawryk-Gawda, E.
    Wozniakowski, M.M.
    Slawinski, M.A.
    Jodlowska-Jedrych, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/873092.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny
    Tematy:
    questionnaire research
    tobacco smoking
    smoker
    electronic cigarette
    Polska
    university
    student
    smoking cessation
    nicotine
    dependence
    Opis:
    Background. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are small battery-powered electronic devices, heating the liquid to produce vapour – in most cases the latter contains nicotine and several flavourings. E-cigarettes are highly advertised across the media, mainly as healthy substitute to conventional cigarettes, aid in quitting smoking addiction or way of circumventing ban on smoking in public places. Objective. The aim of study was obtaining epidemiological data on cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette usage among Polish universities students. Material and methods. Students of different Polish state universities were asked to fill a self-prepared survey on cigarettesmoking and electronic cigarette usage. 1068 fulfilled questionnaires were gathered. The population was divided into two subgroups – medical universities’ students (n=545) and non-medical universities students (n=523). Results. 23.78% of respondents declared current smoking while 57.0% admitted ever smoking. The mean duration of smoking among current smokers was 4.17 ± 2.53 years. 56.30% of current smokers tried quitting at least once. 31.46% of students declared ever using e-cigarettes (37.28% (n=195) among non-medical universities’ students and 25.87% (n=141) among medical universities’ students and 8.33% current usage. Among the latter 52.81% admitted simultaneous smoking. 26.97% of current e-cigarettes’ users declared having experienced side effects of e-cigarettes. 42.70% (n=456) of respondents viewed e-cigarettes as safer than conventional cigarettes, this group comprises of 40.54% (n=212) non-medical and 44.77% (n=244) medical universities’ students. 85.39% (n=912) of students viewed e-cigarettes as generally unhealthy, there were 83.56% (n=437) non-medical and 87.16% (n=475) medical universities’ students among this group. Conclusions. The frequency of e-cigarettes usage resembles current status in many Western countries. Collected data shows high frequency of e-cigarettes usage and conventional cigarettes smoking among students (also medical universities’ students). The situation requires intensive preventive measures to limit and reduce the popularity of tobacco products along with modern equivalents like electronic cigarettes.
    Wprowadzenie. Elektroniczne papierosy (e-papierosy) są niewielkimi urządzeniami elektronicznymi, zasilanymi bateriami. Po ogrzaniu płynu zawartego w papierosie utworzona zostaje para, zawierającą określona ilość nikotyny i substancji zapachowych. E-papierosy są szeroko reklamowane na całym świecie, najczęściej jako zdrowsza alternatywa dla tradycyjnych papierosów, pomoc w rzucaniu nałogu tytoniowego lub sposób na ominięcie zakazu palenia w miejscach publicznych. Cel. Celem badania było uzyskanie danych epidemiologicznych dotyczących palenia papierosów oraz używania e-papierosów przez studentów polskich publicznych uczelni wyższych. Materiał i metody. Studenci wielu polskich publicznych uczelni wyższych zostali poproszeni o wypełnienie autorskiego formularza ankietowego na temat palenia papierosów oraz użytkowania e-papierosów. Do analizy użyto 1068 prawidłowo wypełnionych formularzy ankiety. Grupa respondentów została podzielona na dwie podgrupy – studentów uniwersytetów medycznych (n=545) oraz niemedycznych (n=523). Wyniki. Wśród ankietowanych 23.78% zadeklarowało aktywne palenie w momencie wypełniania ankiety, 57.0% przyznało się do palenia papierosów kiedykolwiek w przeszłości. Średnia długość nałogu obecnych palaczy wynosi 4.17 ± 2.53 lat. 56.30% obecnych palaczy próbowało przynajmniej raz rzucić nałóg. 31.46% ankietowanych deklarowało użycie e-papierosów przynajmniej jeden raz. Wśród nich 37.28% (n=195) stanowili studenci uczelni niemedycznych i 25.87% (n=141) studenci uczelni medycznych. 8.33% badanych używa ich obecnie, pośród nich 52.81% zadeklarowało jednoczasowe palenie tradycyjnych papierosów. 26.97% obecnych użytkowników e-papierosów deklarowało odczuwanie przynajmniej raz skutków ubocznych korzystania z tych urządzeń. 42.70% (n=456) badanych uważa e-papierosy za bezpieczniejsze dla zdrowia od tradycyjnych papierosów, na tą grupę przypada 40.54% (n=212) studentów uczelni niemedycznych oraz 44.77% (n=244) medycznych. 85.39% ankietowanych (n=912) uważa e-papierosy za niekorzystne dla zdrowia, z czego 83.56% (n=437) to studenci uczelni niemedycznych i 87.16% (n=475) medycznych. Wnioski. Odsetek populacji polskich studentów używających e-papierosy jest zbliżony do wyników uzyskanych przez badaczy w wielu krajach zachodnich. Dane te wskazują na częste używanie e-papierosów i papierosów tradycyjnych wśród studentów, w tym także studentów uczelni medycznych. Wymagają one podjęcia intensywnych działań prewencyjnych, ukierunkowanych na ograniczenie popularności wyrobów tytoniowych oraz ich nowoczesnych odpowiedników.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 2016, 67, 1
    0035-7715
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Higher Behavioral Profile of Mindfulness and Psychological Flexibility is Related to Reduced Impulsivity in Smokers, and Reduced Risk Aversion Regardless of Smoking Status
    Autorzy:
    Marcowski, Przemysław
    Białaszek, Wojciech
    Dudek, Joanna
    Ostaszewski, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128130.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    smoking
    mindfulness
    psychological flexibility
    delay discounting
    probability discounting
    Opis:
    Empirical evidence suggests that mindfulness, psychological flexibility, and addiction are interrelated in decision making. In our study, we investigated the relationship of the behavioral profile, composed of mindfulness and psychological flexibility, and smoking status on delay and probability discounting. We demonstrated the interaction of the behavioral profile of mindfulness and psychological flexibility (lower or higher) and smoking status on delay discounting. We found that individuals who smoked and displayed higher mindfulness and psychological flexibility devalued rewards at a slower rate, compared to smokers with a lower profile. Importantly, in those with a higher profile, smokers discounted rewards no differently than nonsmokers. Smokers with a lower profile did display, however, increased impulsivity, compared to nonsmokers. These results suggest that behavioral interventions aiming to modify the behavioral profile with regard to mindfulness and psychological flexibility can indeed support the regulation of elevated impulsivity in smokers to equate with that of nonsmokers. In probability discounting, we observed that individuals with a higher profile displayed lower discounting rates, i.e., were less risk-averse, with no other significant main effect or interaction.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2017, 4; 445-455
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Carbon monoxide and respiratory symptoms in young adult passive smokers: A pilot study comparing waterpipe to cigarette
    Autorzy:
    Zeidan, Rouba
    Rachidi, Samar
    Awada, Sanaa
    Hajje, Amal
    Bawab, Wafaa
    Salamé, Joseph
    Bejjany, Rachelle
    Salameh, Pascale
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2178869.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-08-06
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    second hand smoke
    carbon monoxide level
    respiratory health
    waterpipe smoke
    cigarette smoke
    Opis:
    Objectives: Studies have correlated second hand smoke (SHS) with many diseases, especially respiratory effects. The goal of this study was to measure the impact of SHS on the respiratory symptoms and exhaled carbon monoxide. Material and Methods: The study population consisted of 50 young workers in restaurants serving waterpipes, 48 university students who sit frequently in the university cafeteria where cigarette smoking is allowed and 49 university students spending time in places where smoking is not allowed. Subjects completed questionnaires on socio-demographic characteristics, respiratory symptoms and exposure to SHS. Exhaled carbon monoxide levels were measured. ANOVA and Chi-square tests were used when applicable as well as linear and logistic regression analysis. Results: Exposure to cigarette smoke in university (adjusted odds ratio (ORa) = 6.06) and occupational exposure to waterpipe smoke (ORa = 7.08) were predictors of chronic cough. Being married (ORa = 6.40), living near a heavy traffic road (ORa = 9.49) or near a local power generator (ORa = 7.54) appeared responsible for chronic sputum production. Moreover, predictors of chronic allergies were: being male (ORa = 7.81), living near a local power generator (ORa = 5.52) and having a family history of chronic respiratory diseases (ORa = 17.01). Carbon monoxide levels were augmented by the number of weekly hours of occupational exposure to waterpipe smoke (β = 1.46) and the number of daily hours of exposure to cigarette smoke (β = 1.14). Conclusions: In summary, young non-smoker subjects demonstrated more chronic cough and elevated carbon monoxide levels when exposed to SHS while the effect of waterpipe was even more evident.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2014, 27, 4; 571-582
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Deteriorations of pulmonary function, elevated carbon monoxide levels and increased oxidative stress amongst water-pipe smokers
    Autorzy:
    Yalcin, Funda K.
    Er, Mukremin
    Hasanoglu, H. Canan
    Kilic, Hatice
    Senturk, Aysegul
    Karalezli, Aysegul
    Ergin, Merve
    Erel, Ozcan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2161884.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-07-14
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    Oxidative stress
    carbon monoxide
    cigarette smoking
    pulmonary function tests
    antioxidant status
    water-pipe smoking
    Opis:
    Objectives A water pipe (hookah) is a tobacco smoking tool which is thought to be more harmless than a cigarette, and there are no adequate studies about its hazards to health. Water-pipe smoking is threatening health of the youth in the world today. The objective of this study has been to investigate the carbon monoxide (CO) levels in breath, examine the changes in pulmonary function tests (PFT) and to assess the change of the oxidative stress parameters in blood after smoking a water pipe. Material and Methods This study is a cross-sectional analytical study that has included 50 volunteers who smoke a water pipe and the control group of 50 volunteers who smoke neither a cigarette nor a water pipe. Carbon monoxide levels were measured in the breath and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were performed before and after smoking a water pipe. Blood samples were taken from either the volunteer control group or water-pipe smokers group after smoking a water pipe for the purpose of evaluation of the parameters of oxidative stress. Results Carbon monoxide values were measured to be 8.08±7.4 ppm and 28.08±16.5 ppm before and after smoking a water pipe, respectively. This increment was found statistically significant. There were also significant reductions in PFTs after smoking a water pipe. Total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were found prominently higher after smoking a water pipe for the group of water-pipe smokers than for the control group. Conclusions This study has shown that water-pipe smoking leads to deterioration in pulmonary function and increases oxidative stress. To the best of our knowledge this study is the only one that has shown the effect of water-pipe smoking on oxidative stress. More studies must be planned to show the side effects of water-pipe habit and protective policies should be planned especially for young people in Europe. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(5):731–742
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2017, 30, 5; 731-742
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Picture-based recognition of smokers: a novel visual method
    Rozpoznawanie palaczy na podstawie obrazów. Nowatorska metoda wizualizacji
    Autorzy:
    Kauronen, Marja-Leena
    Lehtonen, Olli
    Purhonen, Kirsi
    Kallunki, Valdemar
    Polak, Angelika
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1182021.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    PBRS
    adolescent smoking
    visual research
    visual method
    Visual Research Method (VRM)
    palenie młodzieży
    badania wizualne
    metoda wizualna
    metoda badań wizualnych
    Opis:
    W zrozumieniu szerszego kontekstu społecznego palenia tytoniu ważne jest znalezienie nowych metod utrudnienia rozwoju tożsamości palacza. Autorzy opracowali metodę Picture Based Recognition of Smokers (PBRS), aby zrozumieć społeczne i wizualne wyznaczniki powstawania tożsamości nastoletnich palaczy. Różnice w charakterystyce osób palących i niepalących otrzymane po zastosowaniu tradycyjnego kwestionariusza tekstowego i PBRS porównano, korzystając z analizy dyskryminacyjnej przeprowadzonej za pomocą tzw. comparison clouds oraz korelogramów. Przy użyciu analizy permutacyjnej oraz regresji przetestowano możliwości przewidywania palenia przez młodych. Wyniki uzyskane przy użyciu Word Cloud potwierdziły, że interpretacje wyznaczników wizualnej identyfikacji obrazów są różne u osób niepalących i palaczy. Stwierdzono, że z pomocą metody PBRS można skuteczniej wskazać różnice niż przy użyciu tradycyjnych kwestionariuszy tekstowych. Opracowana metoda pozwala na rozwój interwencji, która nie stygmatyzuje nastolatków jej poddanych.
    Źródło:
    Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics; 2020, 24, 4; 34-49
    1507-3866
    Pojawia się w:
    Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ sześciomiesięcznej systematycznej aktywności fizycznej na mikrokrążenie skórne osób palących papierosy mierzone za pomocą laserowej przepływometrii dopplerowskiej
    Effects of regular six-months physical activity on cutaneous microcirculation in smoking individuals measured by laser Doppler flowmetry
    Autorzy:
    Szyguła, R.
    Szczegielniak, J.
    Dybek, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/261360.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Wydział Podstawowych Problemów Techniki. Katedra Inżynierii Biomedycznej
    Tematy:
    laserowa przepływometria dopplerowska
    mikrokrążenie skórne
    systematyczna aktywność fizyczna
    palacze papierosów
    laser Doppler flowmetry
    skin microcirculation
    regular physical exercises
    nicotine smokers
    Opis:
    Wstęp. Znany jest szkodliwy wpływ palenia papierosów na układ krążenia, jednak zaburzenia naczyniowe u czynnychi biernych palaczy wydają się w pewnym stopniu odwracalne. Dlatego też celem pracy jest zbadanie wpływu 6-miesięcznego systematycznego wysiłku fizycznego na mikrokrążenie skórne nałogowych palaczy mierzone za pomocą laserowej przepływometrii dopplerowskiej. Materiał i metody. W badaniu wzięło udział 34 zdrowych ochotników, mężczyzn, 18 osób niepalących, 16 osób palących przynajmniej 4 lata co najmniej 20 papierosów dziennie. Żaden badany nie uprawiał wcześniej systematycznie aktywności fizycznej. Badani uczestniczyli w 6-miesięcznym treningu tlenowym na cykloergometrze rowerowym. Trening odbywał się trzy razy w tygodniu po 45 min. Badani pedałowali z obciążeniem 50-70% VO2max, z częstotliwością obrotów 60/min. Każdy trening aerobowy uzupełniono treningiem anaerobowym. Pomiar mikrokrążenia skórnego wykonano za pomocą laserowego przepływomierza dopplerowskiego Perifluks 4001 firmy Perimed (Szwecja). Oceniano przepływ spoczynkowy, reakcję hyperemiczną, hypertermiczną i ortostatyczną mikrokrążenia skórnego. Analizowano częstotliwość sygnałów otrzymywanych drogą laserowej przepływometrii dopplerowskiej w przedziale od 0,01 HZ do 2 Hz podczas przepływu podstawowego. Wyniki. Stwierdzono różnice w badanych parametrach pomiędzy grupą kontrolną a palącymi (grupa kontrolna: przepływ podstawowy - 12,93 ± 6,34 PU; zero biologiczne - 2,81 ± 0,37 PU; reakcja hyperemiczna - 171,42 ± 101,86 PU; reakcja hypertermiczna - 229,07 ± 129,4 PU; reakcja ortostatyczna - 54%; pułap tlenowy - 36,54 ± 6,32 ml kg min-1. Odpowiednio w grupie palących: przepływ podstawowy - 10,39 ± 2,66 PU; zero biologiczne - 2,63 ± 0,87 PU; reakcja hyperemiczna - 149,33 ± 48,48 PU; reakcja hypertermiczna - 193,85 ± 49,4 PU; reakcja ortostatyczna - 48,3%; pułap tlenowy - 32,42 ± 4,6 ml kg min-1). Po 6 miesiącach systematycznej aktywności fizycznej palących badane parametry kształtowały się na poziomie: przepływ podstawowy - 13,64 ± 3,86 PU; zero biologiczne - 2,76 ± 0,54 PU; reakcja hyperemiczna - 155,26 ± 38,98 PU; reakcja hypertermiczna - 200,1 ± 34,45 PU; reakcja ortostatyczna - 52,7%; pułap tlenowy - 38,75 ± 10,87 ml kg min-1. Analiza częstotliwości sygnału dopplerowskiego wykazała istotnie zwiększoną aktywność śródbłonka oraz istotnie mniejsze oscylacje współczulne w grupie niepalących oraz poprawę tych parametrów po treningu. Wnioski. 1. Wartości przepływu podstawowego oraz prowokowanych reakcji przekrwiennych są wyższe w grupie osób niepalących w stosunku do osób palących, co może świadczyć o ujemnych skutkach działania dymu tytoniowego na skórne łożysko naczyniowe. 2. 6-miesięczny systematyczny trening tlenowo-beztlenowy palaczy przyniósł poprawę wartości charakteryzujących funkcjo-nowanie mikrokrążenia skórnego.
    Introduction. The harmful effects of active or passive smoking on the circulatory system are widely known, however, vascular disorders seem to be partially reversible. Therefore, the aim of the study was the examination of the influence of six month systematic physical exercises on the skin microcirculation of heavy smokers, measured by means of laser Doppler flowmetry. Material and methods. 34 healthy volunteers men, 18 nonsmokers, 16 smokers from at least 4-years, with at least 20 cigarettesa day, took part in the test. All individuals did not performed any physical activities prior the test. The 6-month oxygen training on a bike ergometer was administered, three times a week and lasted 45 min. The subjects were performing with a load of 50-70% VO2max, at a 60/min revolution frequency. Each aerobic training was compensated with some anaerobic exercises. The skin microcirculation was measured with the laser Doppler flowmeter Perifluks 4001, Perimed (Sweden). The rest flow was studied, as well as skin microcirculation hyperemic reactions, hyperthermal and orthostatic ones. The frequencies of the Doppler signals received were analyzed in the 0,01 to 2 Hz span during the basic flow. Results. Some differences in the tested parameters between the control group and the smokers were found (control group: rest flow - 12,93 ± 6,34 PU; biological zero - 2,81 ± 0,37 PU; hyperemic reaction - 171,42 ± 101,86 PU; hyperthermic reaction - 229,07 ± 129,4 PU; orthostatic reaction - 54%; maximal minute oxygen uptake - 36,54 ± 6,32 ml kg min-1. Respectively in the group of smokers: rest flow - 10,39 ± 2,66 PU; biological zero - 2,63 ± 0,87 PU; hyperemic reaction - 149,33 ± 48,48 PU; hyperthermic reaction - 193,85 ± 49,4 PU; orthostatic reaction - 48,3%; maximal minute oxygen uptake - 32,42 ± 4,6 ml kg min-1). After 6 months of systematic physical activity of the smokers, the tested parameters were on the level of: rest flow - 13,64 ± 3,86 PU; biological zero - 2,76 ± 0,54 PU; hyperemic reaction - 155,26 ± 38,98 PU; hyperthermic reaction - 200,1 ± 34,45 PU; orthostatic reaction - 52,7%; maximal minute oxygen uptake - 38,75 ± 10,87 ml kg min-1. The analysis of the Doppler signal frequency revealed a significant increase of endothelium activity and a significant decrease of sympathetic oscillations within the non-smokers group and an improvement of these parameters after the training phase. Conclusions. 1. Basic flow values and hyperaemia provoked reactions are higher in the non-smokers group in relation to the smokers group, what may indicate negative effects of tobacco smoking on the skin vascular bed. 2. 6-month systematic aerobic-anaerobic training of the smokers improved the values of the skin microcirculation functioning.
    Źródło:
    Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna; 2009, 15, 3; 218-222
    1234-5563
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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