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Tytuł:
Zusammenspiel zwischen Diskurs und Syntax im Erwerb des Deutschen als Zweitsprache in der Kindheit
Interplay of discourse and syntax in the acquisition of German as a second language in childhood
Autorzy:
Sopata, Aldona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2043613.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Deutsch als Zweitsprache
Nullobjekte
Diskurs
Syntax
German as a second language
null objects
discourse
syntax
Opis:
The goal of this study is to investigate the interplay of discourse and syntax, as it can be observed in the use of null objects, in the language development of a child who starts to acquire German at the age of nine years in a naturalistic setting. The study shows that children at such an age can profit from the knowledge already acquired in their first language. After nine months of exposure, the child under study uses null objects similarly to monolingual children. The acquisition of null objects in a second language can be impeded at an early stage, however, due to the different syntactic restraints for the use of null objects in the first and second languages.
Źródło:
Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics; 2021, 48, 2; 83-94
0072-4769
Pojawia się w:
Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zróżnicowanie wyników testu na rozumienie zjawisk gramatycznych jako wskaźnik zindywidualizowanych procesów nabywania języka drugiego w grupie dzieci przedszkolnych i wczesnoszkolnych
Differences in results of the receptive L2 grammar test as an indicator of individualized L2 acquisition processes in preschool and early school-age children
Autorzy:
Bielicka, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/463504.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Lingwistyki Stosowanej
Tematy:
immersion foreign education
bilingual preschools
EFL learners
second language learning, L2 competency
kompetencja językowa,
nauczanie języków na poziomie przedszkolnym
wczesnoszkolne nauczanie języków obcych
szkoły dwujęzyczne
immersja
Opis:
This article presents the results of a test which examined the understanding of grammar by preschool and early school-age children who learn German by immersion. The results were statistically analyzed. Thanks to such parameters as the range, standard deviation and variation coefficient, it has been established that the examined groups of children are heterogeneous, which led to the conclusion that the process of foreign language learning by young children is of individualized character.
Źródło:
Lingwistyka Stosowana / Applied Linguistics / Angewandte Linguistik; 2017, 23; 91-105
2080-4814
Pojawia się w:
Lingwistyka Stosowana / Applied Linguistics / Angewandte Linguistik
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
WORTBILDUNG UND WORTBILDUNGSÜBUNGEN ALS FORSCHUNGSGEGENSTAND DER FREMDSPRACHENLEHR- UND -LERNFORSCHUNG
Word-Formation and Word-Formation Exercises as the Subject of Study in Second Language Acquisition
Autorzy:
Targońska, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/444184.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-06-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
word-formation
word-formation exercises
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to present various empirical studies on word-formation, not within linguistic approach but in relation to learning and teaching of a foreign language. The paper largely concentrates on studies carried out among learners of German as a second language. The studies presented in this paper are based on teaching materials as well as students’ perspective in word-formation exercises. Based on presented approaches, certain faults in current studies were pointed out as well as new study areas proposed.
Źródło:
Acta Neophilologica; 2013, XV/1; 201-216
1509-1619
Pojawia się w:
Acta Neophilologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wiedza eksplicytna i implicytna w nabywaniu kompetencji gramatycznej w procesie przyswajania języka drugiego
Explicit and Implicit Knowledge in Acquiring Grammatical Competence in the Process of Second Language Acquisition
Autorzy:
Niestorowicz, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/892697.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-28
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Logopedyczne
Tematy:
wiedza eksplicytna
wiedza implicytna
przyswajanie języka drugiego
kompetencja gramatyczna
explicit knowledge
implicit knowledge
second language acquistion
grammatical competence
Opis:
W artykule podjęto próbę scharakteryzowania roli wiedzy eksplicytnej i implicytnej w nabywaniu kompetencji gramatycznej w języku obcym. W opinii badaczy termin „wiedza eksplicytna” implikuje świadomą i możliwą do zwerbalizowania wiedzę, natomiast „wiedza implicytna” wykorzystywana jest przez osobę uczącą się języka obcego w sposób automatyczny i nieświadomy. W niniejszym artykule sformułowane zostały również wnioski dotyczące funkcjonowania wiedzy eksplicytnej i implicytnej w procesie przyswajania języka drugiego.
This article discusses the role of explicit and implicit knowledge in acquiring grammatical competence in a second language. A number of researchers claim that the term “explicit knowledge” implies a kind of knowledge which is conscious and possible to verbalise, while “implicit knowledge” is automatically and unconsciously applied by a second language learner. Finally, some conclusions are formulated on the functioning of explicit and implicit knowledge in the process of second language acquisition.
Źródło:
Logopedia; 2018, 47, 1; 171-180
0459-6935
Pojawia się w:
Logopedia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
When Language Anxiety and Selective Mutism Meet in the Bilingual Child: Interventions from Positive Psychology
Autorzy:
Leacox, Lindsey
Meza, Margarita V.
Gregersen, Tammy S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/783252.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
selective mutism
anxiety
positive psychology
second language acquisition
Opis:
Abstract: Selective mutism is more common than initially thought and afflicts immigrant language minority children at approximately three times the rate of monolinguals (Toppelberg, Tabors, Coggins, Lum, & Burgers, 2005). Children who have developmental language and/or articulation problems and children who are quiet due to anxiety or concerns about accents and limited fluency can suffer from selective mutism. This case study examines the efficacy of interdisciplinary treatment with three positive psychology interventions to treat an eight-year-old Spanish-English bilingual child with selective mutism.  Pet-assistance therapy, music therapy, and laughter therapy were incorporated into the child’s speech-language therapy sessions to increase verbal productions across 14 weeks.  Results indicated that pet-assisted therapy revealed positive outcomes, with modest gains for music and laughter.  Implications of outcomes, collaboration, and conclusions are discussed.
Źródło:
Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition; 2016, 2, 2
2450-5455
2451-2125
Pojawia się w:
Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Whats age got to do with it? Accounting for individual factors in second language accent
Autorzy:
Moyer, Alene
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780941.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
critical period hypothesis
individual differences
second language acquisition
phonology acquisition
motivation
Opis:
Empirical research conducted over the past few decades suggests that the age at which an individual is first exposed to a second language affects long-term outcomes, in particular for phonology. The question that has occupied scholars of various bents is what, exactly, underlies the robust age effects observed. Does age imply immutable changes in one’s ability to ever sound native-like? Are these changes neurological, cognitive, or socio-psychological in nature? What role do L2 use and contact play? Do age-related influences apply to all individuals, or can language learners actually chart their own course when it comes to accent? This paper will outline basic assumptions of the critical period for phonology while suggesting a different approach to the age question that highlights the individual’s role in both process and outcome. Constructs such as L2 experience, motivation, self-concept, learning approach, and willingness to communicate are discussed in depth in order to show the fundamental connection between cognition and affect so critical for late phonological learning. A re-orientation of the age research is suggested as a result, to prioritize contextual understandings of language use and learner agency.
Źródło:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2014, 4, 3; 443-464
2083-5205
2084-1965
Pojawia się w:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Vom Glück der Mehrsprachigkeit: Ein polnischer Linguist über seinen Spracherwerb des Deutschen, Englischen und Russischen
The Happiness of Multilingualism: A Polish Linguist on his Language Acquisition of German, English and Russian
Autorzy:
Hudabiunigg, Ingrid
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30098206.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
Sprachbiographie
Zweitspracherwerb
Fremdsprachenlernen
narratives Interview
language biography
second language acquisition
foreign language learning
narrative interview
druga akwizycja językowa
nauka języków obcych
wywiad narracyjny
Opis:
Im Zentrum der explorativen Studie steht ein polnischer Sprachwissenschaftler, dessen wissenschaftlicher Auslandsaufenthalt an der Universität Wien durch die Solidarność-Bewegung in seinem Heimatland einen tiefen Einschnitt erfuhr. Sein Engagement für ein Auslandskomitee der Solidarność in Österreich führte zum Entzug der polnischen Staatsbürgerschaft und daraus resultierender Staatenlosigkeit. Die dadurch erzwungene Neuorientierung erforderte die Beherrschung des Deutschen als Arbeitssprache an der Universität (zusätzlich zum Englischen), die er in den Ausbildungsphasen von Schule und Universität in Polen nicht erlernt hatte. Die Daten wurden mithilfe der Methode des narrativen Interviews elizitiert. In der Analyse der transkribierten Interviewausschnitte werden die Stationen des Lebenslaufs und der selbst konstruierten Erwerbsstrategien der Zweitsprache Deutsch innerhalb der Tätigkeit für das politische Komitee für Solidarność verfolgt.
Artykuł przedstawia sylwetkę polskiego językoznawcy, którego pobyt naukowy za granicą na Uniwersytecie Wiedeńskim został głęboko naznaczony przez ruch Solidarności w jego ojczyźnie. Jego zaangażowanie w działalność Komitetu Zagranicznego Solidarności w Austrii doprowadziło do odebrania mu polskiego obywatelstwa, a w konsekwencji do bezpaństwowości. Wymuszona w ten sposób reorientacja wymagała opanowania języka niemieckiego (i dodatkowo angielskiego) jako języka niezbędnego do pracy na uniwersytecie, gdyż nie uczył się go w ramach edukacji w Polsce. Omawiane w artykule dane zostały pozyskane poprzez introspekcję rozmówcy za pomocą wywiadu narracyjnego. W analizie transkrybowanych fragmentów wywiadu prześledzone zostały etapy drogi życiowej i skonstruowanej na własne potrzeby strategii przyswajania języka niemieckiego jako drugiego języka w ramach działalności na rzecz komitetu politycznego Solidarności.
The explorative study focuses on a Polish linguist whose academic stay abroad at the University of Vienna was deeply affected by the Solidarność movement in his home country. His involvement with a Solidarność foreign committee in Austria led to the revocation of his Polish citizenship and resulting statelessness. The hereby forced reorientation required mastery of German as a working language at the university (in addition to English), which he had not learned during his educational phases in Poland. The data were elicited through the introspection of the interviewee using the narrative interview. In the analysis of the transcribed interview excerpts, the stages of the life course and self-constructed acquisition strategies of German as a second language within the political committee for Solidarność are traced.
Źródło:
Colloquia Germanica Stetinensia; 2023, 32; 325-347
2450-8543
2353-317X
Pojawia się w:
Colloquia Germanica Stetinensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Turkish EFL Learners’ Acquisition of Psych Verbs and Unaccusative Verbs: A Replication Study on Underpassivization and Overpassivization
Autorzy:
Tanyer, Seray
Deniz, Samet
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2053532.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-01-28
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
second language acquisition
psych verbs
unaccusative verbs
underpassivization
overpassivization
Opis:
The processability account anticipates that learners will make more underpassivization errors than overpassivization errors since passivization entails more processing. Although one study on psych-verbs and a few on unaccusatives examined Turkish L2 learners’ acquisition, no research compared a single set of learners’ acquisitions of these verbs together from a processing point of view. In this regard, the current study aims to investigate whether the processing complexity of passivization influences acquisition of psych and unaccusative verbs. It also questions whether general accuracy levels in Grammaticality Judgement Task (GJT) and degree of familiarity with target verbs are related to their level of accuracy with individual psych and unaccusative verbs. 33 undergraduate-level university students performed on the GJT and a Word Familiarity Rating Task (WFRT). The GJT included 38 items with 12 sentences for psych-verbs, 12 sentences for unaccusative-verbs, 12 sentences for distracters and 2 sentences for examples. The WFRT was a survey questioning familiarity with 6 psych and 6 unaccusative verbs. To analyse the data, a set of nonparametric tests and descriptive statistics were used. The results revealed that learners performed mor The processability account anticipates that learners will make more underpassivization errors than overpassivization errors since passivization entails more processing. Although one study on psych-verbs and a few on unaccusatives examined Turkish L2 learners’ acquisition, no research compared a single set of learners’ acquisitions of these verbs together from a processing point of view. In this regard, the current study aims to investigate whether the processing complexity of passivization influences acquisition of psych and unaccusative verbs. It also questions whether general accuracy levels in Grammaticality Judgement Task (GJT) and degree of familiarity with target verbs are related to their level of accuracy with individual psych and unaccusative verbs. 33 undergraduate-level university students performed on the GJT and a Word Familiarity Rating Task (WFRT). The GJT included 38 items with 12 sentences for psych-verbs, 12 sentences for unaccusative-verbs, 12 sentences for distracters and 2 sentences for examples. The WFRT was a survey questioning familiarity with 6 psych and 6 unaccusative verbs. To analyse the data, a set of nonparametric tests and descriptive statistics were used. The results revealed that learners performed more accurately on unaccusatives than on psych-verbs. They did more underpassivization errors by accepting ungrammatical active constructions of psych verbs. Their performances on psych and unaccusative verbs went parallel with their general accuracy levels in GJT while their degree of familiarity with and accuracy level for two verbs do not correlate with each other.The results suggest that such factors as processability and L1 transfer seem to impact the acquisition. Keywords:Second language acquisition; psych verbs; unaccusative verbs; underpassivization; overpassivization. e accurately on unaccusatives than on psych-verbs. They did more underpassivization errors by accepting ungrammatical active constructions of psych verbs. Their performances on psych and unaccusative verbs went parallel with their general accuracy levels in GJT while their degree of familiarity with and accuracy level for two verbs do not correlate with each other.The results suggest that such factors as processability and L1 transfer seem to impact the acquisition. Keywords:Second language acquisition; psych verbs; unaccusative verbs; underpassivization; overpassivization.
Źródło:
Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition; 2022, 8, 1; 129-155
2450-5455
2451-2125
Pojawia się w:
Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS USED IN CALL STUDIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Autorzy:
Akayoğlu, Sedat
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/569458.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie. IATEFL Poland Computer Special Interest Group
Tematy:
Computer Assisted Language Learning
theoretical framework
Social Constructivism
Sociocultural Theory
Interactionist Second Language Acquisition
Opis:
In the last three decades, there has been a great interest in the field of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL). As a newly flourished area, CALL borrowed or adapted theories from other disciplines, such as second language acquisition, linguistics, psychology and education; however, it is still questioned how these theories are modified, utilized and integrated into CALL research. In this study, the articles published in Computer Assisted Language Learning, System, British Journal of Educational Technology, and Language Learning and Technology between 1997 and 2018 were analyzed and the suggested theoretical frameworks for the research studies were examined. First, the articles without any explicit theoretical frameworks were eliminated. Second, the articles with specific theories were categorized and discussed in categories. At the end of the study, it was found that the prominent theoretical frameworks used in the last two decades were Social Constructivism, Sociocultural Theory, and Interactionist SLA in CALL studies. As for further studies, it can be claimed that these prominent theories will continue to be adopted by the researchers no matter what kind of new tools and platforms emerge for educational purposes. These findings might help researchers to better understand the past and the present situation of CALL research and to design further studies.
Źródło:
Teaching English with Technology; 2019, 19, 4; 104-118
1642-1027
Pojawia się w:
Teaching English with Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The use of articles in L2 English: A phraseological perspective
Autorzy:
Leśniewska, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/781017.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
articles in ESL
determiners
formulaicity
phraseological aspects of second language acquisition
Opis:
While it is a well-known fact that speakers of article-less mother tongues, such as Polish, experience problems with articles in English, this study seeks to investigate the problem from a different perspective. Namely, it poses the question of whether the correct use of the article system of the L2 is indeed a purely grammatical task (as it is universally perceived), or whether the correct use of articles is to some extent aided by the mechanisms that underlie the formulaic character of language. The study was conducted with 90 Polish upper-intermediate and advanced users of L2 English, who completed a test on article use, which made it possible to compare patterns of article use between contexts of different collocational strength (defined in terms of the frequency of occurrence in a corpus). The statistically higher success rates for article use in high-frequency collocations (with the grammatical “rule” being the same) indicate that phraseological aspects of language use may indeed play a role in what is usually perceived as the correct application of grammatical rules.
Źródło:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2016, 6, 2; 203-224
2083-5205
2084-1965
Pojawia się w:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Role of Foreign (Second) Language Learning in the Development of Concept Understanding by Congenitally Blind Children. A Case Study of a Child Blind from Birth
Rola uczenia się języka obcego w rozwoju rozumienia pojęć przez dzieci niewidome. Przypadek dziecka niewidomego od urodzenia
Autorzy:
Jaworska-Biskup, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1945095.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
dzieci niewidome
edukacja dzieci niewidomych
rozumienie pojęć
akwizycja
blind children
education of blind children
concept understanding
foreign language acquisition
Opis:
Artykuł stawia sobie za cel analizę wpływu uczenia się języka obcego na kompetencje językowe w języku ojczystym. Dziecko niewidome, przyswajając język obcy, uzupełnia braki w wiedzy, rozszerza swój światopogląd oraz uczy się interakcji z rówieśnikami. Język obcy pełni zatem rolę kompensacyjną w stosunku do języka macierzystego. Źródłem powyższych hipotez jest obserwacja procesu akwizycji języka angielskiego przez dziecko niewidome od urodzenia. Opisany przypadek pokazuje, że po okresie dwóch lat bezpośredniej ekspozycji na język obcy chłopiec uzyskał lepsze wyniki w ankiecie sprawdzającej rozumienie pojęć, przede wszystkim pojęć wizualnych i przestrzennych.
Źródło:
Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2009, 57, 5; 215-224
0035-7707
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Review of the English Textbook: Battleplan. English for the Polish Military. Student’s Book, Level 3. Author: Jeremy Walters
Autorzy:
Knapik, Aleksandra R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27322317.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-12-15
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Oddziału Polskiej Akademii Nauk we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
military discourse
Stanag 6001
formal writing
second language acquisition
ESL
Opis:
This article provides a comprehensive review of the English textbook entitled Battleplan: English for the Polish Military. Student’s Book, Level 3. The evaluation encompasses various aspects, including content, pedagogical approach, language proficiency targets, and overall effectiveness in catering to the linguistic needs of Polish military personnel. Through a meticulous analysis, the article aims to offer insights into the strengths and potential shortcomings of the textbook, shedding light on its suitability for learners at Stanag Level 3. The review seeks to contribute to the ongoing discourse on language education within military contexts, providing educators and curriculum developers with valuable perspectives for refining language learning materials tailored to the specific requirements of the Polish military in the context of Stanag 6001examination.
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2023, 19; 377-378
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE INTERDEPENDANCE BETWEEN ATTRIBUTIONS AND SECOND LANGUAGE ATTAINMENTS IN SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Autorzy:
Gosiewska-Turek, Bogusława
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/954183.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
Tematy:
second language acquisition
affective factors
attribution theory
school achievement
adolescents
Opis:
Affective factors are undoubtedly considered to be vital in second language acquisition. Among these factors attribution theory is of primary significance, as it affects learners’ final achievement. It indicates that people attribute various causes in their lives to their success and failure. With the employment of attribution theory, this study examines Polish secondary school adolescent students’ attributions for success and failure in second language learning. The main purpose of the study is to investigate, whether Polish secondary school students’ attributions have an impact on their achievements in second language acquisition. In order to conduct the study, the researcher administered attribution questionnaires to the students and an achievement sheet to the teacher to fill in with students’ semester grades in English. Then the data obtained from the questionnaires and the achievement sheet were correlated.  The results show that successful students are more likely to attribute their success to internal facets such as ability and effort and unsuccessful learners attribute their lack of success to external factors, among which task difficulty or luck could be enumerated.  
Źródło:
Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2017, 8, 1; 109-124
2081-1640
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Education Culture and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE IMPACT OF ANXIETY ON SPEAKING IN ADOLESCENT AND ADULT GROUPS OF ENGLISH LEARNERS
Autorzy:
Gosiewska-Turek, Bogusława
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/628673.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
Tematy:
foreign language, second language acquisition, affective factors, anxiety, speaking, adults, adolescents.
Opis:
Aim: The aim of this article is to investigate the interdependence between adolescent and adult students’ anxiety and their foreign language speaking achievements. It has been proved that there is no correlation between adolescent learners’ anxiety and their speaking attainments in a foreign language as well as that there is a weak correlation between adult students’ anxiety and their speaking achievements. Method: The author of the study employed quantitative research. Data was collected from anxiety questionnaires completed by the students and from achievement sheets filled in by the English teacher based on five-minute speeches performed by adolescent and adult students. Conclusion: According to the research results, there is no interdependence between adolescent students’ anxiety and their speaking attainments and the correlation between adult students’ anxiety and their speaking achievements is weak. Nevertheless, a number of other studies revealed the interdependence between students’ anxiety and their speaking attainments. Therefore, limitations of the study should be born in mind, and the results of the following study can be applied only to the subjects participating in the study. Hence, it is relevant to repeat the study with larger samples of subjects.
Źródło:
Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2018, 9, 2; 93-106
2081-1640
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Education Culture and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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