Wszystkie pola: psychiatrist - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

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Tytuł:: „Jakiś psychiatra w Nowym Jorku”
“Some Psychiatrist from New York”
Autorzy:: Kaszorek, Katarzyna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/645623.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016-03-07
Wydawca:: Fundacja Terytoria Książki
Opis:: In Strzępy wspomnień. Przyczynek do biografii zewnętrznej Brunona Schulza, Regina Silberner writes that the Polish-Jewish fiction writer Bruno Schulz exchanged correspondence with some psychiatrist from New York. The paper presents the latest findings concerning the life and work of Doctor Henry Joseph Wegrocki, the addressee of Schulz’s letter(s).
Źródło:: Schulz/Forum; 2016, 7; 195-196
2300-5823
Pojawia się w:: Schulz/Forum
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Nonviolence vs pacifism: a psychiatrist’s view
Autorzy:: LIEBERMAN, James
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1033833.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015
Wydawca:: Zakład Opieki Zdrowotnej Ośrodek Umea Shinoda-Kuracejo
Tematy:: peace
war
conflict
nonviolence
gandhi
psychology
pacifism
Opis:: This is a psychological analysis of threat, deterrence, war and nonviolence in human relations, mainly in international conflict. Gandhian principles lead to an anti-war strategy, with evidence that conflict resolution without war is both practical and principled. Research by D. Grossman confirms that war is neither normal nor necessary in the present epoch.
Źródło:: Medicina Internacia Revuo; 2015, 26, 104; 155-158
0465-5435
Pojawia się w:: Medicina Internacia Revuo
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Zetknięcie dwóch paradygmatów – religijny psychiatra
The Relation between Two Paradigms – The Religious Psychiatrist
Autorzy:: Zagożdżon, Paweł
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31343650.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2017
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii PAN
Tematy:: psychiatria
choroba psychiczna
wierzenia religijne
religijny psychiatra
psychiatry
mental illness
religious beliefs
religious psychiatrist
Opis:: Różnica pomiędzy psychiatrią a religią jest dość wąska. Wierzenia dotyczące przyczyny choroby czy nawet urojenia na tle religijnym są częstym elementem obrazu choroby. Mimo narastającej świadomości znaczenia duchowości w prowadzeniu leczenia pacjentów psychiatrycznych historyczne napięcie między religią a psychiatrią nie zawsze pozwala na uwzględnienie religii w praktyce. Gdzie kończy się granica naukowego paradygmatu w psychiatrii w kontekście problematyki religijnej? Czy religijny psychiatra powinien nakłaniać swoich pacjentów do swoich przekonań religijnych? Kiedy duchowy dylemat należy analizować z perspektywy psychopatologii? Religijny psychiatra stara się rozumieć doświadczenia religijne swoich pacjentów, gdyż dzięki takiej postawie uzyskuje osobisty wgląd w to, czego doświadcza pacjent bez konieczności zastosowania specjalistycznej wiedzy medycznej. Dane o związkach między religią a zdrowiem pokazują, że korzystniej jest uwzględniać problematykę religijną w podejściu terapeutycznym w kontekście chorób afektywnych i uzależnień, lecz nie w zaburzeniach psychotycznych.
The difference between psychiatry and religion is narrow. Religious and spiritual beliefs frequently are involved in the clinical picture. Despite recent changes in the attitudes of academic psychiatry towards religion the historic tensions between religion and psychiatry does not always allow to include religious spirituality in psychiatric practice. Researches show that psychiatrists are less religious than other physicians, and religious physicians are less willing than nonreligious physicians to refer patients to psychiatrists. The religious psychiatrist is in a difficult position. His own religious belief is confronted with religious beliefs of his patients and with the biomedical paradigm of mental illness in psychiatry. I analyse in this paper several questions. What are the boundaries of the scientific paradigm in psychiatry? What should be the role of evangelism in psychiatric treatment? Should psychiatrists urge their patients to become Christians? When the spiritual dilemma should be viewed from the psychopathological perspective Some epidemiologic studies showed that the involvement of religious beliefs in p psychiatric treatment leads to better outcomes in patients with depression but not schizophrenia patients. The spiritual orientation is also an important aspect of the recovery in the addiction treatment.
Źródło:: Filozofia i Nauka; 2017, 5; 311-322
2300-4711
2545-1936
Pojawia się w:: Filozofia i Nauka
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Poczucie winy. Perspektywa psychiatry i psychoterapeuty
Sense of Guilt. The Prospect of a Psychiatrist and Psychotherapist
Autorzy:: de Barbaro, Bogdan
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1047697.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015-12-05
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:: sense of guilt
psychopathology
psychotherapy
poczucie winy
psychopatologia
psychoterapia
Opis:: Autor przedstawia swoje refleksje dotyczące kwestii winy w kontekście nauk psychiatrycznych i psychoterapeutycznych. Zdaniem autora, w praktyce duszpasterskiej oraz w psychoterapii od wielu lat istnieje silna tendencja do psychiatrycznego lub teologicznego redukcjonizmu, jak również rywalizacji pomiędzy duszpasterzami, psychiatrami i psychoterapeutami . Na przełomie XIX i XX wieku istniała tendencja do wzajemnego uznawania ich kompetencji i chęci do współpracy. Możliwość opisywania problemów pacjenta/penitenta z psychologicznego punktu widzenia z jednej strony, a z punktu widzenia etycznego z drugiej strony pozwala nam uniknąć konfliktu kompetencji na rzecz osób poszukujących pomocy psychiatrycznej - psychoterapii lub wsparcia duchowego.
The author presents his reflections on the issue of guilt in psychiatric and psychotherapeutic practice. According to the author, in pastoral practice and in psychotherapy for many years there has been a strong tendency to psychiatric or theological reductionism as well as rivalry and mutual invalidation between pastors and psychiatrists and psychotherapists. At the turn of the century there was a tendency for the mutual recognition of their competence and willingness to cooperate. The possibility of describing the problems of the patient / penitent from a psychological perspective onthe one hand and from the ethical perspective on the other hand lets us to avoid conflict of competence for the benefit of people seeking psychiatric-psychotherapeutic and / or spiritual help.
Źródło:: Teologia i moralność; 2015, 10, 2(18); 25-33
1898-2964
2450-4602
Pojawia się w:: Teologia i moralność
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Obraz idealnego lekarza psychiatry w oczach studentów medycyny, pacjentów i lekarzy sprawujących opiekę psychiatryczną
The image of an ideal psychiatrist in the eyes of medical students, patients and doctors involved in psychiatric care
Autorzy:: Margulska, Aleksandra
Kobusiewicz, Aleksandra
Pawełczyk, Agnieszka
Pawełczyk, Tomasz
Rabe-Jabłońska, Jolanta
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/943070.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2013
Wydawca:: Medical Communications
Tematy:: patients’ expectations
personality inventory
physician-patient relations
physician’s personality
psychiatrist
inwentarz osobowości
oczekiwania pacjentów
osobowość lekarza
psychiatrzy
relacja lekarz – pacjent
Opis:: Aim: The aim of the study was to determine differences in the image of ideal psychiatrist (IIP) among patients, doctors involved in psychiatric care and medical students and also between individuals with different work experience (doctors vs. students). The psychiatrist’s personality seems an important factor in supporting therapeutic process; therefore it is worth searching for the patient’s needs. Materials and methods: Three groups participated in the study: patients of the psychiatric units, medical students of 6th year and psychiatrists. The Gough and Heilbrun ACL (Adjective Check List) – based on Murray’s theory of needs – was used to assess IIP. Results: Data analysis revealed statistically significant differences among patients, doctors and students involving five scales: Nurturance, Aggression, Change, Succorance and Deference. Patients had lower scores on Change scale than doctors and higher scores on the Nurturance, Succurance and Deference than students. Psychiatrists had higher scores on Nurturance and Deference scale and lower score on Aggression scale than students. Conclusions: The findings showed differences in the expectations of patients compared to those of students and doctors. The most significant difference that was observed involved the Change. It may indicate that patients prefer order, conventional approach and stability in psychiatrist’s personality traits more commonly than doctors. Study findings suggest that work experience has impact on IIP: with increasing work experience, opinion about IIP comes closer to patients’ expectations.
Celem pracy było poszukiwanie różnic obrazu idealnego lekarza psychiatry w oczach pacjentów klinik psychiatrycznych, lekarzy aktywnie zaangażowanych w opiekę psychiatryczną i studentów medycyny, a także pomiędzy osobami o różnym doświadczeniu zawodowym (lekarze vs studenci). Osobowość lekarza jest istotnym elementem wspomagającym proces terapeutyczny, dlatego poszukuje się cech osobowości lekarza psychiatry preferowanych przez osoby korzystające z opieki psychiatrycznej. Materiał i metodyka: W badaniu wzięły udział trzy grupy: pacjenci klinik psychiatrycznych w Łodzi (n=42), studenci VI roku medycyny (n=40) i lekarze psychiatrzy (n=45). Do oceny obrazu idealnego lekarza psychiatry (OILP) wykorzystano test ACL Gougha i Heilbruna oparty na teorii osobowości Murraya. Wyniki: Analiza danych wykazała statystycznie istotne różnice odpowiedzi pomiędzy grupami w zakresie pięciu skal: Opiekowanie się, Agresywność, Zmienność reagowania, Doznawanie opieki, Uległość. W grupie pacjentów obserwowano istotnie niższe wyniki niż w grupie lekarzy psychiatrów w zakresie Zmienności reagowania oraz istotnie wyższe wyniki niż w grupie studentów w skalach Opiekowanie się, Doznawanie opieki i Uległość. W grupie lekarzy psychiatrów w porównaniu ze studentami obserwowano istotnie wyższe wyniki w zakresie skal Opiekowanie się i Uległość oraz istotnie niższy wynik w skali Agresywność. Wnioski: Badanie wykazało istnienie różnic w oczekiwaniach w stosunku do lekarza psychiatry pomiędzy trzema grupami – pacjentów, lekarzy i studentów. Zaobserwowane różnice mogą oznaczać, że pacjenci bardziej niż lekarze cenią sobie psychiatrę systematycznego, o stabilnej osobowości i konwencjonalnym podejściu. Wyniki badania sugerują, że OILP różni się w zależności od doświadczenia i wraz z jego wzrostem zbliża się do oczekiwań pacjenta.
Źródło:: Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna; 2013, 13, 1; 25-32
1644-6313
2451-0645
Pojawia się w:: Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Problematyka zaburzeń reaktywnych i symulacji w praktyce sądowo-psychiatrycznej i penitencjarnej
The Problem of Reactive Mental Disorders and of Malingering in Forensic Psychiatrist Practice
Autorzy:: Batawia, Stanisław
Uszkiewiczowa, Lidia
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699294.pdf
Data publikacji:: 1964
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: zaburzenia psychiczne
mental disorders
Opis:: Problems of reactive mental disorders and of the simulation of mental disorders have lately been very poorly represented in both psychiatrist and criminological literature. The present contribution discusses the sources of a considerable number of difficulties which emerge in practice when discussing the question of “Reactive disorder or malingering?”, as well as the errors of diagnosis in diagnosing malingering. The contribution is based on a analysis of material which comprizes three hundred and fifty cases of reactive mental disorders, and ninety-nine cases of malingering (simulation), with the accused; such material has been obtained from the Department of Forensic Psychiatry of the Psychoneurological Institute and from fifteen mental hospitals in Poland, to which prisoners were sent for observation. When making use of the term of “ malingering” , the contents of that notion ought to be narrowed down so as to comprize behaviour of such kind, which consists in an individual who is not mentally ill consciously producing definite psychopathological symptoms. We could not possibly consider to be malingering in the true sense of the word the producing by a mental patient (e.g. one suffering from schizophrenia) of symptoms which are not characteristic of the disorder in question. What is described by the term of sursimulation, even though it contains elements of malingering, essentially differs from true malingering. On the other hand, the view is not correct which reads that we may only then speak of malingering, when the simulating of symptoms of mental disorders makes its appearance with persons who do not exhibit any abnormal traits. Malingering most frequently makes its appearance with prisoners who exhibit symptoms of psychopathy, encephalopathy, mental deficiency, etc. The problem of metasimulation deserves special attention. The fact that at a given moment we have to do with a behaviour which indicates malingering is not by itself evidence that previously, during the period immediately preceding such malingering, reactive disorders did not appear with same prisoner. The symptoms of reactive disorders during the period which preceded the sending of the prisoner to a mental hospital may have become almost entirely extinguished, while their place was taken by an attitude of malingering, greatly reminiscent of the recent symptoms of reactive mental disorders. Besides, in cases of that kind there also arises, as a rule, the question of whether, side by side with elements of malingering, there do not appear feebly marked symptoms of reactive mental disorders, as remnants of the reactive disorders from which the patient had previously been suffering. Neither should another difficulty, which jurisdiction finds in its path, be forgotten. When having to do with an attitude of obvious malingering, one ought to take into consideration the possibility of malingering being gradually transformed into reactive disorders. The mechanism of malingering becomes fixed in the prisoner’s mind, it undergoes automation, and sets into motion a hysterical mechanism, which, in its turn, acts independently, in the way proper to it, owing to which psychogenic disturbances arise. Such a state as that cannot be described as malingering, in spite of the fact that it was simulation that not only constituted the starting-point of the disorders arisen, but had actually provoked, and to some extent moulded, them. An individual in that state no longer exercises any control over the symptoms of reactive disorders which have appeared, he ceases to exercise any mastery over them; the former malingering mechanism has been driven out of his consciousness and has become transformed into a new, and considerably more complicated hysterical mechanism. The cases discussed above may still run a course complicated in another way, namely after the transformation of malingering into reactive disorders certain symptoms of the latter in their turn are subject to undergo, even after the extinction of the disorders, a conscious consolidation through the new manifestation of the malingering mechanism. Therefore in such cases malingering may be observed, not only at the beginning, but also after the recession of the state of reactive disorders, in the form of metasimulation. The mechanism of the arising of reactive disorders is analogous to that of the arising of malingering; at the basis of both the above mechanisms there lie certain common fundamental tendencies. In all probability malingering runs along the very same tracks as hysterical reaction, and mobilizes, through the intermediary of autosuggestion, analogous mechanisms, causing, as it were, the automation of certain attitudes. Malingering individuals, even though at first they control that mechanism and consciously steer it, may lose their control over it. This leads to the cases of a transformation of malingering into reactive mental disorders, discussed above. The knowledge of making use of a mechanism approximating a hysterical one, of producing and fixing certain symptoms which would constitute a good imitation of disorders, is - as is well known - a most difficult thing. This is why long-lasting and consistently carried out malingering is an extremely rare phenomenon. An individual who simulates in such a way must be equipped with peculiar features, in order to be equal to tasks of that kind. Hence the well-know saying that “ one can simulate well only that which is close to the simulating persons’s individuality” (Lassegue), and that “ a good malingerer must be born such” (Braun). Among psychiatrists there prevails, generally speaking, an agreement as to the view that long-lasting and consistent malingering happens, as a rule, only with persons whose personality exhibits clearly pathological features. The data obtained from sixteen mental hospitals for the period of 1953 - 1960 bear witness to the fact that, out of 5,967 male prisoners sent there for psychiatric examination, mental reactive disorders have been found to exist with 711 cases (11.9 per cent.), and malingering of mental disorders in a mere 99 cases (1.6 per cent.). In the case of the 793 women, sent from prisons to mental hospitals for psychiatric examination, reactive disorders were found to exist in 73 cases (9.2 per cent.), and malingering in a mere 7 cases (0.9 per cent). When we analyse the 99 forensic-psychiatric reports which diagnosed malingering, it appears that we may distinguish two different groups of cases among them. The first of them comprizes 70 prisoners,, with whom the diagnosis of mere malingering does not arouse any essentia] diagnostical reservations. On the other hand, in the second group, which comprizes 29 cases, we have to do with 19 cases of undoubted metasimulation, as well as with 19 cases which are doubtful. Doubts arise in connection with the possibility of the co-existence of reactive disorders with simulation (5 cases), as well as with the presence of reactive disorders during the period immediately preceding malingering (3 cases), or finally, because of data which speak in favour rather of reactive disorders than of malingering (11 cases). Thus it is only in seventy cases that the diagnosis of malingering does not arouse any serious doubts; neither should it be forgotten that, at the same time (i.e. during the same seven-and-a-half-year period) as many as 711 cases of reactive mental disorders were observed with prisoners in sixteen mental hospitals. Thus cases of malingering of long duration are an extremely rare phenomenon in forensic psychiatrist practice. For the purpose of establishing how do the data look which concern long-term malingering of mental disorders in prisons, data concerning the number of cases of malingering within the period of one year have been obtained from the psychiatrists employed in two large Warsaw prisons, which are, in principle, destined only for prisoners under investigation. It was found that the number of malingering prisoners amounted, in one prison to nine, and in the other to five. Taking into consideration the number of all the prisoners detained in those prisons in the course of twelve months, the “ co-efficient of malingering” , calculated as per one thousand prisoners, amounts to 1.86 and 0.96 respectively. After a correction has been introduced, because of the possibility of certain prisoners failing to report for examination, that co-efficient should not exceed 2 pro mille.[1] Among the 350 cases of reactive disorders, selected by lot out of the total number of reports with a diagnosis of “ reactive disorder” for the purpose of obtaining a representative sample, metasimulation during the period of clinical observation has been stated to take place in as many as 24.8 per cent, of the cases. When examining the two groups of cases: those of “ pure” malingering and those of metasimulation, we can establish the essential differences which exist between them. Those prisoners with whom no reactive disorders have been found to exist during observation, simulate other symptoms of psychotic disorders than those prisoners, with whom malingering has made its appearance only after the extinction of reactive disorders in hospital. In the group of the seventy “ pure” cases of malingering the most numerously represented is the simulation of memory defects and of mental deficiency, or else of dementia; apart from the above, prisoners also simulate symptoms of conversion hysteria, of hallucination or delusion, as well as, exceptionally, symptoms of stupor. On the other hand, in the group of fifty cases of metasimulation, more than one-half of the total number consisted of prisoners who simulated symptoms of pseudodementia along with elements of puerilism (which were altogether absent from the group of “ pure” simulation). Of cases of con- fabulation with symptoms of pseudodelusions there were eight, while there were none of them in the “ pure simulation” group. Of individuals who simulated memory disorders there were three times less. Deserving of particular attention are the twenty-six cases of “ pure” malingering, in which the whole manner of simulating, the contents of the pseudo-symptoms produced, and the prisoner’s entire behaviour are of such a kind, that it seems improbable that the simulating individual could suppose that he would succeed in deluding his environment. The attitude of such prisoners is one of playful contradiction, usually coupled with irony and mockery with regard to the medical personnel; their behaviour is characterized by elements of acting and indeed of clowning; the absurdity of their utterances is glaring. Periodically, however, states of a certain inhibition make their appearance, and from time to time sudden changes of mood are visible, considerable tension, violent attempts at aggressive behaviour, and tendencies to self-mutilation. It was Mönkenmöller who, once upon a time, drew attention to that peculiar form of malingering, in which it is impossible to detect any intelligible purpose. In such cases malingering assumes the character of acting which gives the malingerer some satisfaction (“spielerische Simulation' 4, as Utitz called it); The picture of malingering gives one to think by its specific features, and is distinguished, from the other types of malingering, by its altogether exceptional primitivism and inconsistency. 92 per cent, of the prisoners who simulated in that way were recidivists with a considerable number of previous convictions to their names. In the anamnesis of nearly one-half of them alcoholism and brain trauma, as well as other chronical brain diseases, made their appearance. More than one-half of their total number have performed self-mutilation in prison. In the cases of “pure”, true malingering there appear, in the hospital material investigated, numerous prisoners with symptoms of encephalopathy (37.1 per cent.) and psychopaths (about 40 per cent.), as a rule described as impulsive, irritable, aggressive. Not a single malingering prisoner has been qualified as an individual with a normal personality. The prisoners who simulated mental disorders are recruited - 81 per cent, of them - from among recidivists, as a rule from among juvenile or young offenders: sixty-six per cent, of the investigated were under twenty-five years of age. They belonged to the category of offenders who commit common offences, mostly offences against property, with thefts predominating. Among the reactive mental disorders to be met with in forensic psychiatrist practice and in the prisons, two kinds of disorders may be distinguished. First of all, the group of disorders of the type of hysterical disorders, the majority of which has a more primitive character; they are: pseudodementia, Ganser’s syndrom, puerilism, states of incomplete stupor and of stupor, fancies with contents similar to those of delusions, and symptoms of conversion hysteria. It is precisely that category of disorders that oftentimes causes particular difficulties in practice, when it is a matter of distinguishing them from malingering. The second group of reactive disorders, with more psychotic symptoms, comprizes: reactive depressions, stupor, and syndroms with delusions and hallucinations and paranoid states. In this category of disorders disturbances of consciousness are much more clearly discernible than they are in the first. Bunyeyev, however, correctly emphasizes the fact that clinical experience points to the fact that in the several syndroms distinguished above there are frequently contained elements, of other reactive syndroms, and, moreover, in a considerable number of cases it can be observed, how, in the course of the disorders, one set of syndroms gives way to other symptom syndroms. Consequently, the clinical picture is usually considerably more complicated than would result from a description that would only take into consideration the most fundamental elements. Among the three hundred and fifty cases of reactive disorders with prisoners under investigation the several syndroms make their appearance In the following dimensions: Pseudodementia 90 cases 25.7 per cent. Puerilism 16 “ 4.6 per cent. Ganser’s syndrom 17 “ 4.9 per cent. Depressions 79 “ 22.6 per cent. Syndrom of stupor (41) 59 “ and states of incomplete stupor (18) 47 “ 16.9 per cent. Syndroms with hallucinations and delusions 13.4 per cent. Paranoid states 12 “ 3.4 per cent. Conversion hysteria 20 “ 5.7 per cent. Fancies with contents similar to delusions 10 “ 2,8 per cent. Pseudodementia, Ganser’s syndrom and puerilism between them account for 35.2 per cent, of the material investigated. Pseudodementia and puerilism frequently constitute the source of serious difficulties when it is a matter of distinguishing them from malingering, if hospital observation is of too short duration. Seventy per cent, of the above cases spent over three months on observation in hospitals, including nearly twenty per cent, who spent more than six months there. After a syndrom of pseudodementia, it may be sometimes observed the malingering of the extinct symptoms of that syndrom (metasimulation). Among the cases of metasimulation in the material under investigation in fifty-five per cent, malingering was precisely connected with pseudodementia. Reactive depressions are the second set, as far as numbers are concerned, in the material under investigation (22.64 per cent.). Reactive depressions are of various character. The obvious colouring of the majority of such states with hysterical traits frequently lends a peculiar stamp to the clinical picture, and may incorrectly suscitate a suspicion of malingering. Mental disorders with a stupor syndrom, as is well known, rarely arise as isolated type of reaction. Considerably more frequently stupor takes place after pseudodementia, Ganser’s syndrom and puerilism, not infrequently after a period of a seeming withdrawal of all reactive symptoms. What is more, after stupor there frequently appear once more symptoms of other reactive disorders, first and foremost those of pseudodementia (Bunyeyev, Pastushenko). In cases of incompletely developed stupor there frequently appear suspicions of malingering, even though such casses ought to be numbered undoubted mental disorders. When discussing cases with a hallucination and delusion syndrome one ought to remember that even in such cases the suspicion of malingering occasionally makes its appearance. This is influenced by the fact that the contents of the hallucination are closely connected with the prisonner’s own situation, that his behaviour is characterized by lively emotional reactions, and that he not infrequently manifests interest in his further lot, his family, etc. In fact the suspicion of malingering as a rule proves to be unfounded. Morever, it should not be forgotten that, in cases with a hallucination and delusion syndrome there not infrequently emerge serious diagnostic difficulties in connection with the posibility of the existence of schizophrenia. Among the reactive disorders observed with prisoners in the hospitals there were twelve cases of acute paranoid state. In this, relatively very infrequent, syndrom, which develops against a background of intensified fear and anxiety, and rapidly disappears under conditions of hospitalization, the existence of hallucinations, mainly visual ones, has also been found. The symptoms which approach delusions include the so-called confabulation, with contents resembling those of delusions (“wahnhafte Einbildungen” ), which had been described by Birnbaum more than fifty years ago. The inventing of occasionally the most improbable and queerest facts takes place against a background of usually glaringly expressed hysterical traits; occasionally elements of pseudodementia and puerilism become visible. All this together may suscitate serious suspicions of malingering; prolonged observation, however, makes it posible to find the existence of clearly reactive disorders. Of such cases there were ten in the material under investigation. Predominant among them were cases of persecutory pseudodelusions (eight cases), with the most absurd and fantastical subject-matter. In the remaining two cases it was grotesque grandiose pseudodelusions that made their appearance. Both the attitudes and the behaviour of all such individuals were, as a rule, in complete contradiction with the contents of their utterances. Those prisoners who exhibited symptoms of reactive mental disorders differ in an essential way from those prisoners who simulate pathological symptoms. First of all, there are considerably less recidivists among them: the percentage of the latter did not exceed 33 per cent, while with the simulators it reached 81 per cent. Among the prisoners with reactive disorders there are less individuals who would exhibit organic changes of the brain (23 per cent., as compared with 37,1 per cent, with the malingerers), while, on the other hand, the percentage of persons of the schizoid type is considerably larger (36 per cent., as against about 10 per cent, with the malingerers), as well as that of psychopaths with obvious hysterical traits (31.4 per cent., as against about 20 per cent, with the malingerers). A mere 4.5 per cent, of the total number of prisoners with reactive mental disorders under investigation were found to be persons whose premorbid personality did not suggest any suspicions concerning pathology; all the remaining ones figure, in the diagnoses, either as psychopaths, or else as persons with symptoms of encephalopathy. In spite of the lack of any exhaustive anamneses in a great many cases it was found possible to state that at least 17 per cent, of the prisoners sent to mental hospitals because of reactive mental disorders had already previously suffered from such disorders. The cases of reactive states of a protracted character, numerous in the material under investigation (32 per cent, among the cases dealt with in the Institute of Psychoneurology) make one realize the importance of a proper conception of the problem of reactive mental disorders with prisoners. In those cases states which could at first produce an impression of simulation were relatively numerously represented. Mistrust in such cases might well be increased by the fact that nearly one-half of them consisted of prisoners accused of the perpetration of homicide. A hospital observation which went on for many months on end, not only did confirm the diagnosis of a reactive mental disorder, but has also, over and above that, demonstrated that those mental disorders had, in a considerable number of cases, become so deep, that a large number of the patients had to be assigned for release from prison. Merely about 22 per cent, of the total of those suffering from protracted disorders recovered their health and could, later on, be prosecuted before a law-court. A working hypothesis in both prisons and forensic-psychiatric practice should therefore be the premisse that a pure malingering of mental disorders going on for a longer period of time is an altogether exceptional phenomenon, and that, as a rule, we have to do, in such cases, with reactive disorders. A different approach not only does run counter to the present-day state of psychiatrist knowledge, but is also highly harmful for both forensic and prison practice, as well as being inhumanitarian. [1] In order to avoid any misunderstandings it ought to be emphasized that we are here referring to cases of long duration, of a malingering of mental disorders going on for at least several weeks on end. Clumsy attempts at simulating pathological symptoms for a period of a few days, naturally, altogether elude a psychiatrist who is not permanently employed in the prison in question, and, in all probability happen much more frequently
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 1964, II; 251-291
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Współpraca kapłana i psychiatry w celu przywrócenia zdrowia człowieka
Cooperation of Priests and Psychiatrists in Restoring Health
Autorzy:: Pietkiewicz, Piotr
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/420307.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:: zdrowie psychiczne
zdrowie duchowe
lekarz psychiatra
kapłan
badania diagnostyczne
mental health
spiritual health
psychiatrist
priest
diagnostic tests
Opis:: Podejście do problemów psychicznych człowieka można podzielić na trzy zasadnicze okresy: w pierwszym chorobami psychicznymi zajmowali się tylko duchowni, w drugim ich rola była negowana i pomijana oraz trzeci będący okresem współpracy medycyny i teologii. Przeprowadzone przez autora badania diagnostyczne ukazały potrzebę rozwijania współpracy pomiędzy lekarzami zajmującymi się zdrowiem psychicznym i kapłanami dbającymi o zdrowie duchowe człowieka. Lekarz psychiatra nie powinien zastępować duchownego, ani na odwrót. Każdy w granicach swych kompetencji powinien wypełniać rolę, do której został powołany. Kapłan powinien dbać o życie duchowe człowieka dzięki któremu nawiązuje on relację z Bogiem a psychiatra o życie „duszewne”, czyli psychofizyczne, w którym mózg i układ nerwowy kieruje wszystkimi funkcjami życiowymi ciała.
We can divide various of attitudes concerning human mental illnesses into three basic categories: firstly, only priests dealt with it; secondly, their role is denied and omitted; and thirdly, medicine and theology co-operate together. The diagnostic tests made by the author have shown the need for cooperation between doctors dealing with mental health issues and priests taking care of spiritual health. A psychiatrist should not replace a priest or vice versa. Each, within the limits of his competences, should fulfil the role for which he has a vocation. The priest should take care of a patient’s spiritual life thanks to which a person forms his relationship with God, whereas psychiatrist should care for psychophysical life, in which the brain and the nervous system direct all life functions.
Źródło:: ELPIS; 2016, 18; 133-136
1508-7719
Pojawia się w:: ELPIS
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Model współpracy lekarza rodzinnego, psychologa klinicznego i psychiatry
A model of cooperation between family doctor, clinical psychologist and psychiatrist
Autorzy:: Tsirigotis, Konstantinos
Gruszczyński, Wojciech
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1031531.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2010
Wydawca:: Medical Communications
Tematy:: clinical psychology
family medicine
paediatrics
psychological help
psychiatry
medycyna rodzinna
pediatria
psychologia kliniczna
pomoc psychologiczna
psychiatria
Opis:: Somatic disease makes the situation emotionally difficult for the patient and his near persons and this is why psychological help, except the family doctor’s help, is more than once necessary. This issue is of great importance for the ill child or for the healthy one at the doctor’s. Many patients go to the doctor with problems of a psychological nature, regardless of the somatic symptomatology and whether the patient is aware of this or not; because of that, the family doctor in his practice, meeting with people suffering from somatic disorders, also meet with various manifestations of mental or psychological state of the patient. The family doctor in his practice often meets symptoms of e.g. psychosomatic or somatoform disorders. In the aetiopathogenesis and the course of psychosomatic disorders important is the role of psychological factors; by “psychological factors” one understands mainly emotional factors (e.g. emotional hypoglycaemia). Psychological help includes such actions as psychological prevention, psychological therapy, psychotherapy, psychoeducation, psychological counselling, systemic-organisational interventions, mediation, re-education, and rehabilitation. The cooperation between family doctor, clinical psychologist and psychiatrist may proceed as follows: differential diagnosis: prodromal asthenia – psychosomatic/somatoform disorders – neurotic disorders – psychotic disorders; psychological help for the patient and his family, psychological therapy and psychotherapy in the case of psychosomatic/somatoform disorders and pharmacotherapy in the case of depressive and psychotic disorders; avoiding the iatrogenic faults; rehabilitation, socialisation and professional activation of patients, especially the psychotic ones.
Choroba somatyczna to dla pacjenta i jego bliskich sytuacja emocjonalnie trudna i dlatego oprócz pomocy lekarza rodzinnego często konieczna jest również pomoc psychologiczna. Nabiera to szczególnego znaczenia w przypadku „małego pacjenta”, tj. chorującego dziecka, lub dziecka zdrowego, korzystającego z usług lekarza POZ. Znaczna część pacjentów zgłasza się do lekarza z problemami natury psychologicznej, niezależnie od somatycznej symptomatologii oraz od tego, czy pacjent jest tego świadomy. W związku z czym lekarz rodzinny, spotykając się z ludźmi cierpiącymi na schorzenia somatyczne, ma do czynienia również z różnymi przejawami stanu psychicznego pacjenta. W swojej praktyce lekarz rodzinny często spotyka się z objawami zaburzeń psychosomatycznych lub somatomorficznych. Zaburzenia psychosomatyczne to choroby, w których etiopatogenezie i przebiegu istotna rola przypada czynnikom psychicznym. Przez „czynniki psychiczne” rozumie się tu przede wszystkim czynniki emocjonalne (np. hipoglikemia emocjonalna, tj. niedocukrzenie krwi pochodzenia emocjonalnego). Pomoc psychologiczna obejmuje takie działania, jak profilaktyka psychologiczna, terapia psychologiczna, psychoterapia, edukacja psychologiczna, doradztwo, poradnictwo psychologiczne, interwencje systemowo-organizacyjne, mediacje, rehabilitacja, reedukacja, resocjalizacja. Współpraca między lekarzem rodzinnym, psychologiem klinicznym a psychiatrą może przebiegać w następującym zakresie: diagnoza różnicowa: astenia prodromalna – zaburzenia psychosomatyczne/ somatomorficzne – zaburzenia nerwicowe – zaburzenia psychotyczne; pomoc psychologiczna dla pacjenta i jego rodziny; terapia psychologiczna i psychoterapia w przypadkach zaburzeń psychosomatycznych/ somatomorficznych i nerwicowych oraz farmakoterapia w przypadku zaburzeń depresyjnych i psychotycznych; unikanie błędów jatrogennych; rehabilitacja, uspołecznienie i uzawodowienie pacjentów, zwłaszcza psychotycznych.
Źródło:: Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna; 2010, 6, 1; 33-38
1734-1531
2451-0742
Pojawia się w:: Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Skale oceny ryzyka samobójstwa dorosłych w praktyce psychologa klinicznego i psychiatry: przegląd dostępnych narzędzi
Adult suicidal risk scales in the practice of the clinical psychologist and psychiatrist: review of available tools
Autorzy:: Nowak, Marcin Piotr
Pawełczyk, Tomasz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/942120.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018
Wydawca:: Medical Communications
Tematy:: narzędzia oceny ryzyka samobójstwa
profilaktyka samobójstw
samobójstwo
Opis:: In the context of the increasing prevalence of suicides, low notifiability of people at risk and considerable difficulties in suicidal risk assessment, the significance of relevant tools is growing. The tools facilitating the evaluation of suicidal risk assessment can be divided in two groups – tools created for other purposes, but accounting for suicidal risk estimation (designed for general mental health assessment, assessment of mood, hopelessness, psychic pain and resilience) and tools specifically created for the evaluation of suicidal risk. The latter can be divided according to the age of the examined patient (adult vs. child/adolescent) or according to the person filling out the scale (tools filled out by a professional vs. self-esteem tools). This paper presents tools for the assessment of adult patients. The tools filled out by the mental health practitioner include Suicide Intent Scale, Pierce Suicide Intent Scale, Scale for Suicidal Ideation, SAD PERSONS Scale, InterSePT Scale for Suicidal Thinking, Nurses’ Global Assessment of Suicide Risk, Tool for Assessment of Suicide Risk, Suicide Attempt SelfInjury Interview and Immediate Action Protocol. Self-esteem tools for adult patients include Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation, Harkavy Asnis Suicide Survey, Adult Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire, Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory, Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, Risk Assessment Suicidality Scale and Cultural Assessment of Risk for Suicide. The large number of existing tools contrasts with the small number of scales translated into Polish. Even where Polish versions are available, adequate validation in the Polish population is lacking, indicating an urgent need for further research.
W kontekście znacznej liczby samobójstw, niewielkiej zgłaszalności zagrożonych nimi osób i dużych trudności, jakich nastręcza ocena ryzyka samobójczego, znaczenia nabierają narzędzia oceny – zarówno te stworzone w innym celu, ale uwzględniające ocenę ryzyka samobójczego (narzędzia oceny ogólnego stanu psychicznego, nastroju, beznadziejności, bólu psychicznego, resilience), jak i te stworzone w celu oceny ryzyka samobójczego. Drugą grupę narzędzi można dodatkowo podzielić według wieku docelowej populacji (dorośli vs dzieci/młodzież) i w zależności od osoby dokonującej oceny (profesjonalista vs samoocena). W pracy przedstawiono skale przeznaczone dla dorosłych. Narzędzia oceny dokonywanej przez profesjonalistę obejmują Skalę Intencji Samobójczych, Skalę Intencji Samobójczych Pierce’a, Skalę Tendencji Samobójczych, Skalę SAD PERSONS, Skalę Oceny Nasilenia Myśli i Tendencji Samobójczych w Schizofrenii, Ocenę Pielęgniarską Ryzyka Popełnienia Samobójstwa, Narzędzie do Oceny Ryzyka Samobójstwa, Suicide Attempt Self-Injury Interview oraz Immediate Action Protocol. Samoocenę dorosłych umożliwiają zaś Skala Samobójczych Ideacji Becka, Skala Harkavy Asnis do badania ryzyka samobójstwa, Adult Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire, Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory, Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, Risk Assessment Suicidality Scale i Cultural Assessment of Risk for Suicide. Duża liczba istniejących narzędzi kontrastuje z małą liczbą skal przetłumaczonych na język polski, a w przypadku tych ostatnich często brakuje wiarygodnych badań na polskiej populacji, co wskazuje na konieczność dalszych badań.
Źródło:: Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna; 2018, 18, 2; 180-187
1644-6313
2451-0645
Pojawia się w:: Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Wobec terapii. Pacjentki w najnowszej prozie kobiet
Towards therapy. Female patients in the latest womens prose
Autorzy:: Ładoń, Monika
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28763194.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2023
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:: therapy
psychiatrist
mental hospital
depression
anxiety
female patients
terapia
psychiatria
szpital psychiatryczny
depresja
lęk
pacjentki
Opis:: Głównym celem artykułu jest interpretacja czterech współczesnych utworów prozatorskich autorstwa kobiet, poruszających zagadnienia terapii oraz pobytu w szpitalu psychiatrycznym. Tekst zawiera rozpoznania bazujące na historycznych sytuacjach kobiet: histerii, praktykach dyscyplinowania i wmawiania szaleństwa. Autorka artykułu przygląda się tekstom Aleksandry Zielińskiej, Olgi Hund, Agnieszki Jelonek i Justyny Wicenty, pytając o dokonane przez nie rekonstrukcje figury kobiecego szaleństwa. Zwraca przy tym uwagę nie tylko na tematyzowanie kryzysów i chorób psychicznych, ale również na narracyjne i stylistyczne strategie pisania o nich. Rozważania koncentrują się na obrazach szpitala psychiatrycznego oraz relacji między pacjentkami a terapeutami i psychiatrami. Przestrzeń szpitala traktowana jest w przywoływanych tekstach głównie ironicznie, nie staje się bowiem miejscem leczenia, ale opresji. Inaczej dzieje się w przypadku opisów terapii: interpretacje ujawniają stopniową rezygnację bohaterek/narratorek z dystansu na rzecz aktywnego uczestnictwa w sesjach psychoterapeutycznych.
The main aim of the article is to interpret four contemporary prose works written by women, touching on the issues of therapy and staying in a psychiatric hospital. The text contains observations based on women’s historical situations: hysteria, practices of disciplining, and insinuating madness. The article's author looks at texts written by Aleksandra Zielińska, Olga Hund, Agnieszka Jelonek, and Justyna Wicenty, asking about the reconstruction of the figure of female madness. She draws attention not only to the thematics of crises and mental illnesses but also to the narrative and stylistic strategies of writing about them. The considerations focus on the images of a psychiatric hospital and relationships between patients and therapists/psychiatrists. The hospital space is treated mainly ironically - it is not a place of healing but of oppression. The situation is different in the case of descriptions of therapy: interpretations reveal the abandonment of distance in favor of active participation in psychotherapy sessions.
Źródło:: Polonistyka. Innowacje; 2023, 18; 5-22
2450-6435
Pojawia się w:: Polonistyka. Innowacje
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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