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Tytuł:
Modelling Hydrocarbons Cold-Start Emission from Passenger Cars
Autorzy:
Laskowski, Piotr
Zasina, Damian
Zimakowska-Laskowska, Magdalena
Orliński, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2123276.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
air pollution
road transport
hydrocarbon emissions
cold start
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to present the results of mathematically modelling the influence of ambient temperature on hydrocarbons (HCs, comprised of methane and non-methane volatile organic compounds) in cold-start emissions from passenger cars (PCs) for different fuel types, vehicle segments including hybrid vehicles, and the Euro standard. In this article the simulations are performed using COPERT software, assuming ambient temperatures from 20◦C to +30◦C, with 5◦C intervals. The modelling results presented show that a change in ambient temperature has a significant effect on hydrocarbons in cold-start emissions. Furthermore, our results show that hydrocarbons emissions are sensitive to ambient temperature fluctuations, and dependent on fuel type, vehicle segment, and the Euro standard.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2021, 15, 3; 117--125
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Real road tests - exhaust emission results from passenger cars
Autorzy:
Merkisz, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245491.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
exhaust emission
road tests
Diesel engines
diesel particulate filters
Opis:
The paper presents the results of on-road exhaust emission tests of passenger car fitted with diesel engine, and a DPF (diesel particulate filter). Under such conditions the author could determine the actual vehicle emissions. The tests were performed on a road portion of a fifty kilometres or so - these tests provide information on the on-road emissions and are a basis for their ecological evaluation. For the measurement of the exhaust emissions the authors used a portable exhaust emissions analyzer SEMTECH DS by Sensors Inc. The analyzer measured the concentration of the exhaust components at the same time measuring the exhaust mass flow. The measurements of the particulate matter (mass) were done with the use of particle analyzer by AVL. The obtained data were used to calculate the relations that characterize the influence of the dynamic engine parameters on the exhaust emissions. These properties were taken into account indirectly using the whole range of speeds and accelerations of the vehicle (engine speeds and loads of the engine) for the preparation of the matrices of the emissions rate. The used data were averaged within individual speed and acceleration ranges thus obtaining the characteristics of the share of operation in individual ranges and the characteristics of the emission matrices of the individual emission components. The above results served for defining of the emission level indicator of the vehicles that can be used for classification of vehicle fleet in terms of their emission level.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 3; 253-260
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Remarks about real driving emissions tests for passenger cars
Autorzy:
Merkisz, J.
Pielecha, J.
Jasiński, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223595.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
exhaust emissions
vehicle testing
emission standards
Real Driving Emissions
emisje spalin
badania pojazdu
normy emisji
Opis:
New test procedures for determining exhaust emission from passenger vehicles will be introduced in 2017. For several years, the European Commission has been developing new procedures, which aim is to perform tests in road conditions. The purpose is to determine the real values of emissions, which are not always reflected by the level of emissions obtained in the laboratory. Proper and accurate procedures for determining emissions in real traffic conditions (RDE – Real Driving Emission) have not yet been approved (as opposed to Heavy Duty Vehicles for which such conditions already exist), but there are proposals that are currently being analyzed by major research centers in Europe. There are many differences between those proposals such as determining road emission or research methodology related to emission measurement of hydrocarbons. The work compares the results of emissions measured in road tests using the latest legislative proposals related to passenger cars. The results are shown in relation to the used measurement method: classic method of determining exhaust emission; uses all measurement data determining the mass of harmful compounds and distance travelled during the test; method of averaging the measuring windows (MAW – moving average windows), also in the literature called EMROAD method, which determines the measurement windows (on the basis of carbon dioxide emissions from the WLTC test) and on its basis determines the road emission in RDE test; generalized method of instantaneous power (Power Binning), known in the literature as CLEAR – Classification of Emissions from Automobiles in Real driving, determines road emissions on the basis of generalized instantaneous power during the RDE test.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2016, 39, 3; 51-63
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Węgierskie samochody osobowe 1945-1989
Hungarian passenger cars 1945-1990
Autorzy:
Zakrzewski, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/252146.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy TTS
Tematy:
samochód osobowy
Węgry
samochód węgierski
motoryzacja
car
Hungary
Hungarian car
automotive
Opis:
Węgierski przemysł motoryzacyjny kojarzy się przede wszystkim z doskonałymi autobusami, motocyklami czy samochodami ciężarowymi. Tymczasem tuż po II wojnie światowej, już za „Żelazną kurtyną”, podejmowane były próby produkcji na Węgrzech samochodu osobowego dla „ludu węgierskiego”. W artykule zaprezentowano prototypy węgierskich samochodów osobowych w latach 1945-1989.
Hungarian automotive industry is mainly associated with excellent buses, motorcycles and trucks. However, after World War II, already behind the "Iron Curtain", there were attempts made to manufacture a car for the Hungarian’s people. The article presents prototypes of the Hungarian passenger cars g developed under the communism (1945-1989).
Źródło:
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego; 2013, 10; 151-175
1232-3829
2543-5728
Pojawia się w:
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparative analysis of exhaust emissions from passenger cars and motorcycles
Autorzy:
Szymlet, Natalia
Lijewski, Piotr
Rymaniak, Łukasz
Sokolnicka, Barbara
Siedlecki, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/132906.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
combustion engines
passenger car
motorcycle
emission
silniki spalinowe
samochód osobowy
emisja
Opis:
The subject of this article is a comparative analysis of exhaust emissions for: HC (hydrocarbons), CO (carbon monoxide), CO2 (carbon dioxide), NOx (nitrogen oxides) from a passenger vehicle and a motorcycle in laboratory conditions on a dynamometer station. The first vehicle category was represented by a compression-ignition engine with a displacement volume of 1.3 dm3 and a power of 66 kW. The exhaust aftertreatment system included a catalytic converter and a particulate filter. The second category was a motorcycle, equipped with an engine with a displacement of 0.7 dm3 and a maximum power of 55 kW. The two-wheeled vehicle was equipped with a three-way catalytic converter. Speeds were modeled on the European type approval test - NEDC (New European Driving Cycle). In order to conduct a comparative analysis of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption from vehicles of different categories, the obtained results were presented in the form of emissions converted into passenger-kilometers (g/pkm). The research used modern equipment belonging to the PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement Systems) group of devices. The analyzes carried out enable the decision making on which vehicles have a greater environmental impact due to their exhaust emissions, taking into account the distance and the number of passengers carried.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2019, 58, 2; 19-22
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influences of special driving situations on emissions of passenger cars
Autorzy:
Engelmann, Danilo
Hüssy, Andreas
Comte, Pierre
Czerwinski, Jan
Bonsack, Peter
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097509.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
emissions at cold start
warm-up
RDE
portion of idling
Stop&Go
emisja po zimnym rozruchu
nagrzewanie
bieg jałowy
Opis:
Testing of real driving emissions (RDE) offers the opportunity to collect the data about the emissions in special driving, or non-driving situations. These situations are: cold start, warm-up of the engine, stop & go and idling. In the present work, the definitions of the special driving situations were proposed, the emissions of 7 passenger cars (gasoline & Diesel) were extracted from the present RDE data and some special driving situations, particularly the stop & go operation with varying share of idling were reproduced on chassis dynamometer. As expected, the emissions of CO, NOx and PN are in the cold start and in the first part of the warm-up phase (ca. 25 s) considerably higher than in the rest of the investigated urban phase. The singular emitting situations like “stop&go” or idling occur frequently in the warm-up phase, i.e. in the city operation when the engine and the exhaust system are still not warm enough.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2021, 60, 1; 41--51
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hałas niskoczęstotliwościowy w samochodach osobowych
Low frequency noise in passenger cars
Autorzy:
Zagubień, A.
Wolniewicz, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/312948.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
hałas niskoczęstotliwościowy
infradźwięki
pomiary hałasu
low frequency noise
infrasound
noise measurement
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono analizę hałasu niskoczęstotliwościowego w wybranych modelach samochodów osobowych. Badania prowadzono w dwóch wariantach: przejazd z zamkniętymi wszystkimi oknami oraz przejazd z uchylonym szyberdachem. Pojazdy poruszały się po autostradzie z dużymi prędkościami. Autorzy nie dokonują oceny zarejestrowanych wyników badań, wskazują jedynie na wysokie poziomy hałasu infradźwiękowego i niskoczęstotliwościowego w pojazdach osobowych poruszających się z prędkościami autostradowymi.
The article presents an analysis of low frequency noise in selected models of passenger cars. The study has been performed in two variants: travel with all windows closed and travel with the sliding roof half-open. The vehicles moved along the motorway with high speeds. The authors do not evaluate the recorded study results, but only indicate the high levels of infrasound and low frequency noise in passenger cars moving at motorway speeds.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2017, 18, 7-8; 139-142
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Passenger cars in the RAPEX notifications
Samochody osobowe w notyfikacjach systemu RAPEX
Autorzy:
Pigłowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/315701.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
passenger car
notification
RAPEX
Statistica
samochód osobowy
notyfikacja
Opis:
In the study presented similarities within 1533 notifications on passenger cars (subcategory of category motor vehicles)in the Rapid Alert System for Dangerous Non-food Products (RAPEX) in 2006-2017. The studies took into account passenger car brands and year, submitting country, origin country, risk type and entity taking measures. The cluster analysis using two-way joining in Statistica 12 was applied. The most frequently the following brands were notified: Renault, Peugeot, Citroën (originated from France) and Mercedes (from Germany). The number of notifications increased from 2006 to 2017. The passenger cars in the RAPEX were most commonly notified by Germany (it related to Mercedes). The most commonly risks, which were notified were injuries and also fire. The measures against to notified cars were usually taken by economic operator (manufacturer, distributor or importer).
W artykule przedstawiono podobieństwa w zakresie 1533 notyfikacji dotyczących samochodów osobowych (podkategoria kategorii pojazdy silnikowe) w Systemie Szybkiego Powiadamiania o Niebezpiecznych Produktach Nieżywnościowych (RAPEX) w latach 2006-2017. W badaniach wzięto pod uwagę marki samochodów osobowych oraz rok, kraj zgłaszający, kraj pochodzenia, typ ryzyka i podmiot podejmujący środki. Zastosowano analizę skupień z wykorzystaniem metody grupowania obiektów i cech w programie Statistica 12. Najczęściej notyfikowane były następujące marki: Renault, Peugeot Citroën (pochodzące z Francji) oraz Mercedes (z Niemiec). Ilość notyfikacji wzrosła od 2006 do 2017 roku. Samochody osobowe w systemie RAPEX były najczęściej notyfikowane przez Niemcy (dotyczy to Mercedesa). Najczęściej zgłaszanym ryzykiem były zranienia, a także ogień. Środki wobec notyfikowanych samochodów były zwykle podejmowane przez operatora ekonomicznego (producenta, dystrybutora lub importera).
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2018, 19, 6; 198-201, CD
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Passenger cars and heavy duty vehicles exhaust emissions under real driving conditions
Autorzy:
Merkisz-Guranowska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223645.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
passenger cars
heavy duty vehicles
exhaust emissions
vehicle testing
real driving emissions
samochody osobowe
pojazdy ciężarowe
emisja spalin
badania pojazdu
warunki jazdy
Opis:
In the assumptions regarding to the transport policy both at the level of country and Europe there is the concept of sustainable development of transport. Warsaw University of Technology in cooperation with Poznan University of Technology performs research work concerning the shaping of environmentally friendly transport system – Project EMITRANSYS. In this project, one of the conditions is to reduce exhaust emissions by means of transport. The paper presents the reasons for the testing of the exhaust emissions under Real Driving Emissions testing (RDE). Research potential of Institute of Combustion Engines and Transport at Poznan University of Technology in the area of road testing of passenger and heavy-duty vehicles has been presented in the paper. Example test results have been shown in the aspect of the emission-related classification of vehicles.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2014, 31, 3; 47-59
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental crash tests involving passenger cars and the prototype concrete protective barrier
Autorzy:
Borkowski, W.
Hryciów, Z.
Rybak, P.
Wysocki, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247037.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
experimental tests
test track
concrete protective barrier
crash test
experimental verification
Opis:
The work describes the experimental test methodology and results obtained during the experimental crash tests involving passenger cars and the prototype concrete protective barrier, which was built according to the original design prepared by the authors of this article. The crash tests involving a vehicle and the protective barrier cover the experiment results in three basic areas: severity ofthe collision impact on vehicle passengers, the impact on a vehicle and deformation of the road protective system. Applied testing procedures meet the requirements of the national standards, that make the equivalents of the European standards EN-1317-1:1998, EN-1317-2:1998, EN-J 317-3:2000. The tests have been performed for selected crash criteria (TB11 and TB32), for a normal restrain level (N2), using three passenger's cars (Dodge Neon and 2 units of Suzuki Swift). Applied testing procedures meet the requirements of the national standards [1-5]. The work presents examples of experimental test results in three basie areas: intensity of the crash impact on the vehicle passengers, the impact on a vehicle and deformation of the road protective system. The test results have been presented in a form of courses of speeds and accelerations along the vehicle body axes x, y, z. Acceleration severity index (ASI), theoretical head impact velocity (THIV), post-impact head delay (PHD), vehicle cabin deformation index (VCDI) and deformation levels of the road protective system (W) have been also defined.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 2; 35-42
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Testing emissions of passenger cars in laboratory and on-road (PEMS, RDE)
Autorzy:
Czerwinski, J.
Comte, P.
Zimmerli, Y.
Reutimann, F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133475.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
PEMS
portable emissions measuring systems
RDE
real driving emissions
HD-vehicles
LD-vehicles
przenośne systemy pomiarowe emisji
rzeczywista emisja cząstek
Opis:
In the present paper, the results and experiences of testing different PEMS on the chassis dynamometer and on-road are presented. In the first part of work the measuring systems were installed on the same vehicle (Seat Leon 1.4 TSI ST) and the results were compared on the chassis dynamometer in the standard test cycles: NEDC, WLTC and CADC. in the second part of work the nanoparticle emissions of three Diesel cars were measured with PN-PEMS. PN-PEMS showed an excellent correlations with CPC in the tests on chassis dynamometer and it indicated very well the efficiency of DPF in eliminating the nanoparticles in real world driving.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2016, 55, 3; 17-23
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The parameters of passenger cars engine in terms of real drive emission test
Autorzy:
Merkisz, J.
Jacyna, M.
Merkisz-Guranowska, A.
Pielecha, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/952926.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
exhaust emission
road tests
passenger cars
emisja spalin
testy drogowe
samochody osobowe
Opis:
This paper presents the preliminary concept research to develop the test used in the measurement of emissions in real traffic conditions for passenger vehicles. Work based on the lack of legal solutions for determining the environmental performance of light vehicles – as opposed to heavy-duty vehicles for which such regulations have specified. The elaboration is to compare the emission test used in clinical approval of passenger cars, while the synthesis of the results obtained under different conditions road tests. The intention is to develop a test for assessing the ecological vehicle in real traffic conditions, where restrictions will only drive type (gasoline engine, diesel engine, hybrid vehicle), which is consistent with the requirements of the certification tests. The result should be the foundation for the development of the test in terms of: the duration, to determine the operating conditions and vehicle and proposals for emission limit values.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2014, 32, 4; 43-50
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of average velocity of passenger cars on national annual emission of pollutants
Autorzy:
Bebkiewicz, K.
Chłopek, Z.
Stosio, G.
Szczepański, K.
Zimakowska-Laskowska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133196.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
motor vehicles
inventory of pollutant emission
COPERT
pojazdy silnikowe
inwentaryzacja emisji zanieczyszczeń
Opis:
The paper presents the results of the study on the sensitivity of the national annual emission of pollutants from passenger cars to their average velocity under the following traffic conditions: urban, rural, and on motorways and expressways. The study was carried out in accordance with the methodology used in the COPERT 4 software. The effect of traffic speed within cumulated categories of passenger cars on the national emission of pollutants was analyzed. The national annual pollutant emission of pollutants was found to be substantially affected by the average car velocity, this effect being largely differentiated due to the character of road traffic. The type of the dependence of the national annual pollutant emission on the average velocity is similar for all substances, especially under traffic conditions in rural areas as well as on highways and expressways. A distinct minimum of the national pollutant emission was found at a velocity of about 70 km/h under rural conditions.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2017, 56, 4; 121-136
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Character and conditions affecting the changes of the passenger cars fleet structure in Poland
Autorzy:
Waśkiewicz, J.
Balke, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244017.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
passenger cars
changes of the passenger cars' fleet structure
used passenger cars import
Opis:
Structure of the fleet of the passenger cars registered in Poland in the 1991-2006 years has undergone significant changes due to a dynamically developing situation, both on the domestic and international automotive market. Over the last fifteen years there has been a growing tendency observed in Poland, which led to an over twofold increase of passenger cars being registered. Changes in both makes and age structure of the fleet of the passenger cars registered in Poland are affected by fluctuations of sales figures of the new cars, but first of all by the used cars import. The 90-ties brought about an improvement in the financial situation of certain social groups in Poland as well as increased availability and ease to obtain loans to buy cars. This resulted in the increase of the new passenger cars sales. Since 2000 there has been a decreasing tendency observed in this aspect, but at the same time growing interest in the individual import of used passenger cars to Poland. Especially, since Poland's accession to European Union on the 1-st of May 200 Analysis of both makes and age structure of the fleet of the passenger cars registered in Poland for the first time in the years 2004-2006 as well as those removed from the register, indicates a constant growth in the population of old cars, and increase of their share in the car fleet structure. In the period under scrutiny, cars removed from the register, were dominated by the cars of at least mp-teen years of age, including those over 20 years. Those removed from the register were first of all the cars of makes and models whose low technological quality, and additionally high fuel consumption, excluded them from their further economical and safe usage.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 2; 535-542
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Non-legislated emissions and PN of two passenger cars with gasoline-butanol blends
Autorzy:
Czerwinski, J.
Comte, P.
Engelmann, D.
Bonsack, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/134045.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
alternative fuels
alcohols
nanoparticles
ammonia
cold start
emissions gasoline
alternatywne paliwa
alkohol
nanocząstki
amoniak
zimny rozruch
emisja benzyny
Opis:
Increasing the sustainability of individual transportation and replacing a part of fossil energy in traffic by renewable energy carriers are worldwide important objectives. Bioalcohols are generally recognized as one of very useful alternatives. The global share of bioethanol used for transportation is continuously increasing. Butanol, a four-carbon alcohol, is considered in the last years as an interesting alternative fuel, both for diesel and for gasoline application. Its advantages for engine operation are: good miscibility with gasoline and diesel fuels, higher calorific value than ethanol, lower hygroscopicity, lower corrosivity and possibility of replacing aviation fuels. In the present work, the emissions of two gasoline vehicles – with older and with newer technology – were investigated in dynamic-, stationary and cold start operation.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2018, 57, 1; 64-72
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 117

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