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    Wyświetlanie 1-16 z 16
    Tytuł:
    Problematyka władzy w teorii ekonomii
    The Concept of Power in Economic Theory
    Autorzy:
    Miroński, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574469.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007-04-30
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
    Tematy:
    microeconomic theory of the firm
    Dahl’s concept
    micro-micro theory
    power relations
    Opis:
    The article examines the role of power in economic theory, with a special focus on the microeconomic theories of the firm. The aim of the paper is twofold. First, the author provides a comprehensive explanation of the concept of power in an enterprise. Second, he attempts to prove that microeconomic theories of the firm may benefit considerably from the theory of power and its findings. The author develops an expanded definition of power based on Dahl’s concept. Two key theoretical approaches to power are presented: managerial and critical. The role of power in neoclassical, behavioral, managerial, institutional, new-institutional and micro-micro theories is examined. The author checks if the findings of the theory of power can be incorporated into microeconomic theories. The analysis reveals that the concept of power is not fully utilized and sometimes even neglected by microeconomic theory. This is despite the fact that the theory of power can enrich the microeconomic view and understanding of the enterprise, Miroński says. He looks at power as a neutral (not necessarily negative), dynamic and complex concept that can help explain many important microeconomic issues. Behavioral and managerial theories propose many alternative goals of the enterprise, and the concept of power may help predict which of these goals would dominate in a given situation. Transaction costs or “ineffectiveness X” from Leibenstein’s micro-micro theory are influenced by power relations within the company. Further research into the application of the theory of power in economic theory seems to be both justified and promising, Miroński concludes.
    Źródło:
    Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2007, 215, 4; 15-32
    2300-5238
    Pojawia się w:
    Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Positioning in an Inter-Professional Team Meeting: Examining Positioning Theory as a Methodological Tool for Micro-Cultural Group Studies
    Autorzy:
    Hirvonen, Pasi
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2108127.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013-10-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    Positioning Theory
    Positioning
    Group
    Interaction
    Micro-Cultural
    Opis:
    This paper sets out to test the possibilities of the Positioning Theory as a means to approach small group phenomena from a micro-cultural perspective. The study draws on a transcription of a videotaped inter-professional team meeting in the field of social services. Analysis of the data was set to examine how the basic concepts of the Positioning Theory suit the analysis of in-group phenomena, what different forms of positioning are present, and how the positioning is connected to the group processes. Studying the group’s interaction shows how it is possible to approach the interaction via the basic concepts of the Positioning Theory and how the positioning is intervened with group processes, such as decision-making, arguing, and conflict. The study also offers a new theoretical and empirical perspective to the research on small group dynamics.
    Źródło:
    Qualitative Sociology Review; 2013, 9, 4; 100-114
    1733-8077
    Pojawia się w:
    Qualitative Sociology Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Balance Paradox of Management
    Autorzy:
    Gospodarek, Tadeusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/14473175.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-06-23
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    General economic equilibrium
    rationally bounded decisions
    paradox of management
    micro/macro balance
    management theory.
    Opis:
    Aim: There exists an inequilibrium between the available quantity of goods and the level of consumption resulting in local economic polarisations and asymmetric capital concentrations. Replacements of real money with derivative instruments cause strong perturbations on capital markets. Consumer preferences change towards the maximization of the utility of the used capital. The above observations are a basis for the hypothesis that managers, in general, prefer to maximize the momentum profit regardless of the risk of losing the stability of macroeconomic systems. Design/Research method: It is heuristic about the objective function of an organization based on observations, that there are two excluding tendencies in formulating goals: to maximize the profit (using all possible opportunities) and simultaneously to achieve stability in the long run (keeping the micro-macro balance). Conclusions/findings: Managements cause deviations from the micro-macro balance, and at the same time trying to keep this balance. This leads to the following paradox of management (the balance dilemma of management): Managers always try to maximize opportune profits, regardless of future benefits that may be derived from keeping the equilibrium. And conversely, rational long-term stability suggests postponing most opportunities and keeping external boundaries (e.g. realizing sustainable development). However, managers’ temporary preferences lead to an increasing number of unbalanced interactions between organizations and their surroundings, up to the critical point when some catastrophic economic processes may take place. Originality/value of the article: Original heuristics based on the observations of some micro-macro economic balance relations in business practice. Implications of the research: One more paradox in the theory of management have been presented. It is important for base statements of the theory of organizational bahaviors consistency and inferring would be more accurate. JEL: L2, M21, D5, F41
    Źródło:
    Central European Review of Economics and Management; 2018, 2, 2; 143-157
    2543-9472
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Review of Economics and Management
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The non-unicity of the film thickness in the hydrodynamic lubrication: novel approach generating equivalent micro-grooves and roughness
    Autorzy:
    El Gadari, M.
    Hajjam, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2106447.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
    Tematy:
    równanie Reynoldsa
    mikrotekstura
    siła tarcia
    siła nośna
    Reynolds equation
    inverse theory
    micro-texture
    cavitation
    lifting force
    friction force
    flow rate
    Opis:
    Since the 1960s, all studies have assumed that a film thickness “h” provides a unique pressure field “p” by resolving the Reynolds equation. However, it is relevant to investigate the film thickness unicity under a given hydrodynamic pressure within the inverse theory. This paper presents a new approach to deduce from an initial film thickness a widespread number of thicknesses providing the same hydrodynamic pressure under a specific condition of gradient pressure. For this purpose, three steps were presented: 1) computing the hydrodynamic pressure from an initial film thickness by resolving the Reynolds equation with Gümbel’s cavitation model, 2) using a new algorithm to generate a second film thickness, 3) comparing and validating the hydrodynamic pressure produced by both thicknesses with the modified Reynolds equation. Throughout three surface finishes: the macro-shaped, micro-textured, and rough surfaces, it has been demonstrated that under a specific hydrodynamic pressure gradient, several film thicknesses could generate the same pressure field with a slight difference by considering cavitation. Besides, this paper confirms also that with different ratios of the averaged film thickness to the root mean square (RMS) similar hydrodynamic pressure could be generated, thereby the deficiency of this ratio to define the lubrication regime as commonly known from Patir and Cheng theory.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 2021, 26, 3; 44--61
    1734-4492
    2353-9003
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Transient dynamic analysis of functionally graded micro-beams considering small-scale effects
    Autorzy:
    Eshraghi, I.
    Dag, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38627524.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Podstawowych Problemów Techniki PAN
    Tematy:
    boundary element method
    functionally graded materials
    Timoshenko micro-beam
    vibrations
    modified couple stress theory
    Opis:
    A domain-boundary element method, based on modified couple stress theory, is developed for transient dynamic analysis of functionally graded micro-beams. Incorporating static fundamental solutions as weight functions in weighted residual expressions, governing partial differential equations of motion are converted to a set of coupled integral equations. A system of ordinary differential equations in time is obtained by domain discretization and solved using the Houbolt time marching scheme. Developed procedures are verified through comparisons to the results available in the literature for micro- and macro-scale beams. Numerical results illustrate elastodynamic responses of graded micro-beams subjected to various loading types. It is shown that metal-rich micro-beams and those with a smaller length scale parameter ratio undergo higher displacements and are subjected to larger normal stresses.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Mechanics; 2021, 73, 4; 303-337
    0373-2029
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Mechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Investigations of shear localization in granular bodies within an anisotropic micro-polar hypoplasticity
    Autorzy:
    Tejchman, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241368.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Budownictwa Wodnego PAN
    Tematy:
    bedding plane
    granular materials
    hypoplasticity
    micropolar theory
    shear zone
    texturial anisotropy
    Opis:
    The paper focuses on the numerical analysis of the effect of texturial anisotropy on shear localization in cohesionless granular materials. For simulation of the mechanical behaviour of a granular material during a monotonous deformation path, a hypoplastic constitutive model was used. To take into account a characteristic length of micro-structure, the constitutive model was extended by micro-polar terms. To take into account texturial effects, the granular hardness was modified. The calculations were carried out with a sand specimen during plane strain compression under constant lateral pressure. A stochastic and uniform distribution of the initial void ratio in the granular specimen was assumed. In addition, shear localization for two different uniform initial void ratios was investigated.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics; 2005, 52, 4; 351-371
    1231-3726
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rogera Sperry’ego teoria świadomości
    Roger Sperrys theory of consciousness
    Autorzy:
    Bremer, Józef
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690952.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Copernicus Center Press
    Tematy:
    emergent interactionism
    unity of consciousness
    macro- and micro-determination
    mentalism
    mind-body problem
    theories of emergence
    downward causation
    supervenience
    Opis:
    Roger W. Sperry (1913–1994) received the Nobel Prize for Physiology in 1981 for his outstanding scientific achievements in connection with the study of people with severed brain commissures. Sperry linked the results of his research to philosophical considerations pertaining to the conscious mind of human beings and its place in the natural sciences. He was interested in the philosophical question of whether or not the severing of the cerebral hemispheres constituted a violation of the unity of consciousness. Sperry’s explanatory account of mind-body (mind-brain) interaction forms part of a broadly construed theory of emergent interactionism – one that also purports to guarantee the unity of consciousness. In this article, I first present an intellectual profile of Sperry, outlining the evolution of his philosophical-scientific analyses. I then outline the emergence and flourishing of theories of emergence, along with the elements essentially associated with them. Using this as a basis, I go on to consider Sperry’s account of emergent interaction more closely, focusing on his understanding of downward causation. In conclusion, I show how his theory corresponds to a version of emergent interactionism, and seek to address some criticisms leveled against it. I also aim to establish how far this theory can be said to answer the question of the conscious character of mental states.
    Źródło:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2017, 63; 133-166
    0867-8286
    2451-0602
    Pojawia się w:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    ‘Non-traditional students’ at european universities. A special problem of social inequality
    Autorzy:
    Alheit, Peter
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2130209.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
    Tematy:
    micro-macro approach
    seven-country comparative study
    theory of recognition
    Axel Honneth
    university culture
    mental space
    university policy
    Opis:
    The following contribution is based on the qualitative data of a seven-country comparative study on the situation of ‘non-traditional students’ at European universities. It focuses on two key findings of an extensive analysis: (1) deeper theoretical insights that emerge from the wealth of data and that are condensed into Axel Honneth’s ‘theory of recognition’; (2) a revealing comparison of the ‘university cultures’ of the seven countries studied. A brief conclusion for future university policies in Europe closes the contribution.
    Źródło:
    Dyskursy Młodych Andragogów; 2021, 22; 159-170
    2084-2740
    Pojawia się w:
    Dyskursy Młodych Andragogów
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Reliability assessment for micro inertial measurement unit based on accelerated degradation data and copula theory
    Autorzy:
    Chi, Bingjia
    Wang, Yashun
    Hu, Jingwen
    Zhang, Shufeng
    Chen, Xun
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173134.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
    Tematy:
    MIMU
    Wiener process
    accelerated degradation test
    copula
    reliability assessment
    Opis:
    With its extensive use in industry, assessing the reliability of the micro inertial measurment unit (MIMU) has become a pressing need. Unfortunately, the MIMU is made up of several components, and the degradation processes of each are intertwined, making it difficult to assess the MIMU’s reliability and remaining useful life. In this research, we offer a reliability assessment approach for the MIMU, which has long-lifetime and multiple performance characteristics (PCs), based on accelerated degradation data and copula theory.Each PC model of MIMU is constructed utilizing drift Brownian motion to depict accelerated degradation process. The copula function is used to model the multivariate dependent accelerated degradation test data and to describe the dependency between multiple MIMU performance parameters. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to estimate the unknown parameters in the multi-dependent ADT model. Finally, the storage test and simulation example on MIMU’s accelerated degradation data verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
    Źródło:
    Eksploatacja i Niezawodność; 2022, 24, 3; 554--563
    1507-2711
    Pojawia się w:
    Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Multi-sourced power system restoration strategy based on modified Prim’s algorithm
    Autorzy:
    Łukaszewski, Artur
    Nogal, Łukasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086893.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    self-healing grid
    micro-grid
    reconfiguration
    greedy algorithms
    graph theory
    simulations
    Prim’s algorithm
    siatka samoleczenia
    mikrosiatka
    rekonfiguracja
    algorytmy zachłanne
    teoria grafów
    symulacje
    algorytm Prima
    Opis:
    Self-healing grids are one of the most developing concepts applied in electrical engineering. Each restoration strategy requires advanced algorithms responsible for the creation of local power systems. Multi-agent automation solutions dedicated for smart grids are mostly based on Prim’s algorithm. Graph theory in that field also leaves many problems unsolved. This paper is focused on a variation of Prim’s algorithm utility for a multi-sourced power system topology. The logic described in the paper is a novel concept combined with a proposal of a multi-parametrized weight calculation formula representing transmission features of energy delivered to loads present in a considered grid. The weight is expressed as the combination of three elements: real power, reactive power, and real power losses. The proposal of a novel algorithm was verified in a simulation model of a power system. The new restoration logic was compared with the proposal of the strategy presented in other recently published articles. The novel concept of restoration strategy dedicated to multi-sourced power systems was verified positively by simulations. The proposed solution proved its usefulness and applicability.
    Źródło:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 5; e137942, 1--12
    0239-7528
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modified Couple Stress Theory for Micro-Machined Beam Resonators with Linearly Varying Thickness and Various Boundary Conditions
    Autorzy:
    Zenkour, A. M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/139912.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    microbeam
    temperature dependent properties
    modified couple stress analysis
    linear varying thickness
    mikrowiązka
    właściwości zależne od temperatury
    zmodyfikowana analiza naprężeń momentowych
    liniowo zmienna grubość
    Opis:
    This article employs the classical Euler–Bernoulli beam theory in connection with Green–Naghdi’s generalized thermoelasticity theory without energy dissipation to investigate the vibrating microbeam. The microbeam is considered with linearly varying thickness and subjected to various boundary conditions. The heat and motion equations are obtained using the modified couple stress analysis in terms of deflection with only one material length-scale parameter to capture the size-dependent behavior. Various combinations of free, simply-supported, and clamped boundary conditions are presented. The effect of length-to-thickness ratio, as well as the influence of both couple stress parameter and thermoelastic coupling, are all discussed. Furthermore, the effect of reference temperature on the eigenfrequency is also investigated. The vibration frequencies indicate that the tapered microbeam modeled by modified couple stress analysis causes more responses than that modeled by classical continuum beam theory, even the thermoelastic coupled is taken into account.
    Źródło:
    Archive of Mechanical Engineering; 2018, LXV, 1; 43-64
    0004-0738
    Pojawia się w:
    Archive of Mechanical Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Nonlinear Free Vibration Analysis of Micro-beams Resting on Viscoelastic Foundation Based on the Modified Couple Stress Theory
    Autorzy:
    Jam, J. E.
    Noorabadi, M.
    Namdaran, N.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/139530.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    nonlinear free vibration
    size dependence
    modified couple stress theory
    Euler-Bernoulli beam model
    Galerkin method
    swobodne drgania nieliniowe
    zależność od wielkości
    zmodyfikowana teoria naprężeń momentowych
    model belki Eulera-Bernouliego
    metoda Galerkina
    Opis:
    In this paper, nonlinear free vibration analysis of micro-beams resting on the viscoelastic foundation is investigated by the use of the modified couple stress theory, which is able to capture the size effects for structures in micron and sub-micron scales. To this aim, the governing equation of motion and the boundary conditions are derived using the Euler–Bernoulli beam and the Hamilton’s principle. The Galerkin method is employed to solve the governing nonlinear differential equation and obtain the frequency-amplitude algebraic equation. Finally, the effects of different parameters, such as the mode number, aspect ratio of length to height, the normalized length scale parameter and foundation parameters on the natural frequency-amplitude curves of doubly simply supported beams are studied.
    Źródło:
    Archive of Mechanical Engineering; 2017, LXIV, 2; 239-256
    0004-0738
    Pojawia się w:
    Archive of Mechanical Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Elektroforeza swobodna z przepływem hydrodynamicznym : podstawy teoretyczne i rozwiązania techniczne
    Free flow electrophoresis : theory and technology
    Autorzy:
    Hoda, P.
    Polak, B.
    Dzido, T. H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172756.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    elektroforeza swobodna
    przepływ hydrodynamiczny
    technika elektromigracyjna
    rozdzielanie pseudo-dwuwymiarowe
    rozdzielanie preparatywne
    mikro-elektroforeza swobodna
    free flow electrophoresis
    electromigration technique
    pseudo-two dimensional separation
    preparative separation
    micro free flow electrophoresis
    Opis:
    Free flow electrophoresis, or carrier-free electrophoresis, is a technique based upon the principle of mobility of chargeable species in the electric field. However, unlike more widespread gel electrophoresis, free flow electrophoresis does not utilise any kind of solid support medium. Instead, species to be separated move within the space filled with aqueous buffer, which is constantly pumped in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the applied electric field. Such set-up allows for continuous separation, as compounds of the sample being processed form separate bands and leave the separation system through several different outlets located along the edge of the chamber. Furthermore, the use of mild separation conditions increases the chance of biologically active compounds retaining their activity after the separation is finished. These qualities make free flow electrophoresis an excellent tool for protein research and cytology. In this review, the basic theoretical aspects of the technique are outlined, with a special emphasis placed on various modes in which free flow electrophoresis can be operated. Besides, a review of milestone papers related to free flow electrophoresis technology is presented. Apart from the devices following the original concept of Barrollier and Hannig, an insight into the construction of recirculating instrumentation, multicompartment electrolysers as well as radially-symmetric chambers is provided. A special focus is placed on patents and commercialized solutions. Finally, the challenges of scaling-down free flow electrophoresis to micro-dimensions are introduced.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2018, 72, 1-2; 39-60
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Characteristics of self-employed people in Poland based on the theory of Dawson, Henley and Latreille
    Charakterystyki osób samozatrudnionych w Polsce na podstawie teorii Dawsona, Henley i Latreille
    Autorzy:
    Levi, Nicolas
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/452148.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki Euroregionalnej im. Alcide De Gasperi w Józefowie
    Tematy:
    self-employed
    self-employment sector
    micro-enterprise
    taxation
    false self-employed activity/work
    living and working conditions pensions
    samozatrudnienie
    branża samozatrudnienia
    mikroprzedsiębiorstwo
    opodatkowanie
    sztuczne samozatrudnienie
    działalność gospodarcza
    warunki pracy emerytura
    Opis:
    This paper examines the pattern of self-employment in Poland based on the theory of Dawson, Henley, and Latreille. I particularly focus on the movement of young people in and out of self-employment using available statistical data from Poland. Forces that influence whether a person becomes self-employed are the following: due to legal issues and individuals needs, people including young ones were particularly likely to move to self-employment. I also consider that previous earnings were a motivation for moving toward self-employment. Nevertheless the Polish regulations and pensions problems are influencing the probability of leaving self-employment are different across the two countries.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Modern Science; 2016, 30, 3; 181-191
    1734-2031
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Modern Science
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Student through Bronfenbrenner’s “Glasses” – Teachers’ Knowledge of Students with Special Educational Needs from a Micro- and Mesosystemic Perspective
    Uczeń w „okularach” Bronfenbrennera – wiedza nauczycieli na temat uczniów ze specjalnymi potrzebami edukacyjnymi z perspektywy mikro- i mezosystemowej
    Autorzy:
    Olechowska, Agnieszka
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1199535.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-12-30
    Wydawca:
    Libron
    Tematy:
    special educational needs
    bioecological theory of human development
    Bronfenbrenner’s theory
    teachers’ knowledge about students
    upbringing and educational environment
    specjalne potrzeby edukacyjne
    bioekologiczna teoria rozwoju człowieka
    teoria Bronfenbrennera
    wiedza nauczycieli na temat uczniów
    środowisko wychowawcze i edukacyjne
    Opis:
    As systematically published statistical data show, 67% of students with special educational needs attend public and integrated schools in Poland. This means that every – or close to every – teacher meets in their professional career students with diverse development conditions or learning disabilities that create special educational needs. For the effective organization of the education process of these students, it is crucial not only to gain knowledge about the characteristics of the students themselves, but also about the environment of their upbringing, as well as interactions between the basic microsystems in which the students are “nested.” This article presents the results of in-depth ethnographic interviews conducted with twelve teachers, the purpose of which was to gain insight into what knowledge about the development and functioning of specific students with special educational needs is declared by the surveyed pedagogues. As the basic theoretical framework, I used Urie Bronfenbrenner’s theory of bioecological human development, which captures human development in concentrically arranged systems: the micro-, meso-, exo-, macro- and chronosystem. In this article, I presented data on the teachers’ declared knowledge from the micro- and mesosystemic per-spective. The results of the conducted research indicate that the surveyed teachers often have incomplete and sometimes even incorrect knowledge about their students with special educational needs, use similar methods of supporting students despite their diverse needs, and regularly leave most of the support activities for support teachers, seeing their own roles primarily as leading teachers.
    Jak pokazują systematycznie publikowane dane statystyczne, 67% uczniów ze specjalnymi potrzebami edukacyjnymi uczęszcza w Polsce do szkół ogólnodostępnych i integracyjnych. Oznacza to, że każdy lub prawie każdy nauczyciel spotyka się w swojej karierze zawodowej z uczniami ze zróżnicowanymi możliwościami rozwojowymi i w uczeniu się, które powodują powstanie specjalnych potrzeb edukacyjnych. Dla skutecznej organizacji i przebiegu procesu kształcenia tych uczniów kluczowa jest nie tylko wiedza dotycząca cech samych uczniów, lecz także środowiska ich wychowania, jak również interakcje między podstawowymi mikrosystemami, w których uczeń bezpośrednio uczestniczy. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia wyniki przeprowadzonych z dwanaściorgiem nauczycieli indywidualnych pogłębionych wywiadów etnograficznych, których celem było zdobycie orientacji w tym, jaką wiedzę dotyczącą uwarunkowań rozwoju i funkcjonowania konkretnych uczniów ze specjalnymi potrzebami edukacyjnymi deklarują badani. Jako podstawę konstruowania dyspozycji do wywiadów wykorzystałam teorię bioekologicznego rozwoju człowieka Uriego Bronfenbrennera, która ujmuje rozwój człowieka w koncentrycznie ułożonych systemach: mikro-, mezo-, egzo-, makro- i chronosystemie. W niniejszym artykule zaprezentowałam dane dotyczące deklarowanej wiedzy nauczycieli z perspektywy mikro- i mezosystemowej. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań wskazują na to, że zdarza się, iż badani nauczyciele posiadają o swoich uczniach ze specjalnymi potrzebami edukacyjnymi wiedzę niepełną, a czasami nawet błędną, stosują podobne sposoby wspierania uczniów mimo ich zróżnicowanych potrzeb, a także, że najchętniej pozostawiają większość działań wspierających w gestii nauczycieli wspomagających, widząc swoją rolę przede wszystkim jako nauczycieli tzw. wiodących.
    Źródło:
    Konteksty Pedagogiczne; 2020, 2, 15; 241-259
    2300-6471
    Pojawia się w:
    Konteksty Pedagogiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Expressive Sprechakte überdenken. Zum affektiven Sprachhandeln in „Protesten“ im Deutschen und Arabischen – am Beispiel von Mikroblog-Protesten auf Twitter
    Rethink expressive Speech Acts. The emotional Dimension in Protesting in German and in Arabic – A Study of Public Protests through the Micro-blogging Platform Twitter
    Autorzy:
    Massud, Abdel-Hafiez
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1364871.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-09-20
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
    Tematy:
    Expressive Speech Acts
    Protest
    Speech Act Theory
    Emotions
    Twitter
    teoria aktów mowy
    ekspresywne akty mowy
    protest
    emocje
    twitter
    Opis:
    The Research of the language use in protesting is still a new Research field of the Applied Linguistics. In this contribution I would like to cast light on the emotional dimension in protesting in both German and Arabic, especially on the expressive speech acts in protesting. In the beginning I will introduce “protest” as a “macro speech act” with an open class of supportive speech acts. Thereafter, I come to investigate the term of “expressive speech acts” as suggested by Austin and Searle, and coin my own German term of “emotional geprägte Sprechakte” (= emotionally charged Speech acts) and revising in this way the theory of speech act itself. The German and Arabic corpus is elicited from protest platforms on Twitter. In this paper I analyze the emotionally charged speech acts, reconstruct the emotions which these acts reflect and finally classify their direction: self-centered, claim-centered or other-centered.
    Ekspresywne akty mowy. O emocjonalnych zachowaniach językowych podczas protestów na przykładzie języka niemieckiego i arabskiego – w oparciu o teksty protestacyjne na twiterze Przedmiotem analizy są ekspresywne akty mowy, jakie manifestują się podczas protestów w języku niemieckim i arabskim. Protestowanie jako językowy makroakt realizowany jest przy pomocy wielu wspierających aktów mowy, które Austin i Searle zaliczyli do klasy ekspresywów, a które w niniejszym artykule charakteryzowane są pod pojęciem „emocjonalnie nacechowanych aktów mowy”. Niemiecki i arabski materiał empiryczny pochodzą z miniblogów na twiterze o charakterze protestacyjnym. Pozwalają one wyróżnić w obrębie emocjonalnych działań językowych dalsze kontekstualnie uwarunkowane subkategorie, a mianowicie działania językowe zorientowane na osobę mówiącą, zorientowane na treść protestu oraz akty mowy skierowane na przeciwnika.
    Źródło:
    Studia Germanica Gedanensia; 2016, 35; 168-183
    1230-6045
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Germanica Gedanensia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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