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Tytuł:
POLISH CIRCULAR MIGRATION AND MARGINALITY: A LIVELIHOOD STRATEGY APPROACH
Autorzy:
White, Anne
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/579744.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
RETURN MIGRATION,UNEMPLOYMENT,
CIRCULAR MIGRATION
LABOUR MARKETS
LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES
MIGRATION NETWORKS
SMALL TOWNS
Opis:
The paper is based on 49 semi-structured interviews conducted in 2012–3 with return migrants and/or long-term unemployed people in Grajewo and Limanowa. I explore the causes of circular migration from Poland to West European countries today (preferring the term ‘repeated migration,’ since interviewees often migrated at irregular intervals). Migration theory suggests that as migration networks proliferate, migration becomes less selective and some poorer people begin to migrate. Applying a livelihood strategy approach to understand how residents of small towns – especially parents – make choices about where to work, I found that even the poorest interviewees had contacts abroad and did consider international migration as an option. However, these contacts did not always facilitate their migration and, if interviewees went abroad, they lacked confidence to expand their networks in the receiving country and stay long enough to significantly improve their household income. Obtaining contacts abroad, in the context of an overall expansion of transnational networks between Poland and the UK, does not always make migration easy, and only partly explains why poor people migrate. Push factors remain very significant.
Źródło:
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny; 2016, 42, 1 (159); 153-166
2081-4488
2544-4972
Pojawia się w:
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Livelihood assessment in district 1 of Medellin – Colombia
Autorzy:
Mendoza, Ciro Alfonso Serna
Czerny, Miroslawa
Pineda, Abraham Allec Londoño
Rojas, Oscar Alonso Velez
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1035984.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych
Tematy:
Livelihood
poverty
human development
vulnerability
index
Medellin
Opis:
The livelihood approach aims at the analysis, understanding and restrictions that the poorest people have to face in order to recover from difficult situations. The Department for International Development model is applied to an urban zone with the purpose of making an assessment of the livelihood of the district ’la Comuna 1’ in Medellin, Colombia, which has been recognised as the poorest and one of the most dangerous districts of the city. The case study presents both a quantitative analysis (macro) and qualitative (micro) analysis, as a mixed method that allows a more complete analysis and understanding of livelihood, and providing a deeper understanding of the district from the livelihood approach. The results indicate a stable growth of livelihood during the period of analysis.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development; 2015, 19, 4; 9-20
0867-6046
2084-6118
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A sustainable livelihood framework to implement CSR project in coal mining sector
Autorzy:
Narula, S. A.
Magray, M. A.
Desore, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/92153.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Główny Instytut Górnictwa
Tematy:
mining
CSR
capacity building
livelihood
community development
górnictwo
budowa potencjału
utrzymanie
rozwój społeczny
Opis:
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) in mining areas has increased momentum especially in countries like India where it has been made mandatory. The primary objective of this paper is to document actual social challenges of mining in field areas and find out how companies in the coal sector can work in a systematic manner to achieve uplift of affected communities. The first part of the paper draws evidence from three different bodies of literature, i.e. CSR and coal mining, capacity building and livelihood generation in mining areas.We try to converge the literature to propose a novel framework for livelihood generation work through capacity building with the help of CSR investments. The paper also documents a live case of planning and the implementation of capacity building activities in Muriadih coal mines in the Jharkhand state of India and offers lessons to both business and policy makers. The proposed framework has only been experimented in a local context, yet has the potential to be replicated in other mining areas.
Źródło:
Journal of Sustainable Mining; 2017, 16, 3; 83-93
2300-1364
2300-3960
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Sustainable Mining
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Contribution of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) to Livelihood of People in Mokwa Local Government Area, Niger State, Nigeria
Autorzy:
Fajobi, E. A.
Fingesi, U. I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1055275.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Humans
Livelihood
Mokwa
Non-Timber Forest Products
Opis:
This study focused on the contribution of NTFPs species to the livelihood of Mokwa people, Niger state. It was undertaken to ascertain the proportion of humans involved in the exploitation of NTFPs in the study area, to determine the types of NTFPs exploited and their roles in the lives of the communities and to determine the actual contribution of NTFPs species to the livelihood of the Mokwa people. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and oral interviews to acquire information from sampled members of the Mokwa LGA communities. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (tables, chart, and graphs). The findings from this study indicate that NTFPs are abundant in the study area and are found in all the forested land areas within the communities. NTFPs collection for utilization is usually carried out throughout the year. All the respondents in Ja’agi, Kudu, Kpaki, and Mokwa town collect and use the NTFPs in food preparation for the family and for other purposes. The number of households involved in the collection of NTFPs was highest in the Ja’agi community (95%), while only (28%) households were involved in Mokwa town. The chi-square test revealed that there were high significant differences (P>0.05) between the number of respondents involved in the collection and non-collection of NTFPs in Mokwa LGA. Twenty (20) plant by-products and fruits were the major types of NTFPs being collected. Most NTFPs species were of medicinal plants, while some supplement everyday meals. It should be noted that Mokwa LGA communities earn some money from the collection of NTFPs - especially from plants such as Vitellaria paradoxa (73%) Pakia biglobosa (16%), and Mangifera indica (4%). Lack of jobs in the government established institutions is the major problem facing the communities. It is, therefore, recommended that provision of jobs and business opportunities will help improve the living standard of the people and hence reduce their effect on the forest resources.
Źródło:
World News of Natural Sciences; 2018, 21; 77-89
2543-5426
Pojawia się w:
World News of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Factors affecting livelihood strategies of smallholder tobacco and non-tobacco farmers and off-farm households benefittin from land reform in Zimbabwe
Autorzy:
Mapfumo, Alexander
Mushunje, Abbyssinia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2141452.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-07-06
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
livelihood strategies
land reform
multinomial logit model
Manicaland
Zimbabwe
Opis:
The main objective of this paper was to determine the factors that affect the livelihood strategies of resettled smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe. The study was conducted in Manicaland Province in Zimbabwe, and the respondents were stratified into four groups. These were smallholder farmers resettled under the A1 and A2 models, as well as tobacco and non-tobacco smallholder farmers. The two models differ in how they were implemented and supported, which might lead to them having different livelihood strategies. A total of 300 respondents were surveyed, consisting of 114 tobacco and 149 non-tobacco farmers and 24 off-farm and 13 wageearner households in Manicaland province. The study used a Multinomial Logit model to investigate the factors influencing a household’s decision to choose different livelihood strategies. In the model, the dependent variables included four livelihood strategies, while the explanatory variables included various household social-economic and institutional factors. The results obtained from the multinomial logistic regression model established that gender and land size were significant at a level of 1%, and education, household size, access to credit and access to inputs were significant at 5% in the adoption of tobacco farming, access to credit and gender were significant at a 1% level in the adoption of non-tobacco farming, while education was significant at a 10% level in adopting off-farm were found to be significant in determining the adoption of the tobacco farming in the study area up to less than 10% probability level in adopting off-farm activities. Smallholder farmers who did not adopt tobacco farming indicated that limited land size, shortage of labour and access to tobacco inputs were the major impediments to adopting tobacco farming. The government should support the efforts of smallholder farmers to increase their livelihood strategies through unveiling credit lines for farming activities. Access to inputs for smallholder farmers should be made a priority by the government through the provision and fair distribution of adequate agricultural inputs.
Źródło:
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2022, 64, 2; 153-160
1899-5241
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An analysis of illegal mining on the Offin shelterbelt forest reserve, Ghana: Implications on community livelihood
Autorzy:
Boadi, S.
Nsor, C. A.
Antobre, O. O.
Acquah, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/92084.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Główny Instytut Górnictwa
Tematy:
mining
Ghana
Galamsey
Income
forest
livelihood
górnictwo
dochód
las
utrzymanie
Opis:
Mining in tropical countries contributes significantly to the global minerals supplies but unregulated mining activities in reserved forests is associated with destruction, loss of habitats and loss of biodiversity. This study determined the area of the Offin shelterbelt forest reserve, Ghana, degraded through illegal mining (galamsey) and the impacts on the livelihoods of fringe communities. Thirty-two (32) coordinates were recorded around the peripheries of disturbed site in the reserve using hand-held Global Positioning System and were then imported into a geodatabase in ArcGIS which was used to estimate the area degraded. Data was obtained from 60 purposively sampled respondents from two communities fringing the reserve and 10 key informant interviews. Increased income (13%), employment opportunities (6.7%) and increased market activities (2%) were some benefits of the illegal mining activities identified by the respondents. Eight respondents associated their employment with of the advent of illegal mining activities out which 6 (70%) were engaged directly in mining activities, while 2 (30%) were into trading. The miners earned cash income range of US $ 2.9e22.9 daily. Within 5 years, illegal mining had degraded 2.5 km2 (4.4%) of the total area of the reserve and the destruction of cocoa farms and water sources (31). Farming among respondents reduced from 90% to 76% after illegal mining. The relatively high cost (US$ 6424.1) involved in flushing out and the subsequent return of such miners poses a threat to sustainable forest management and requires a more holistic approach in tackling such a problem.
Źródło:
Journal of Sustainable Mining; 2016, 15, 3; 115-119
2300-1364
2300-3960
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Sustainable Mining
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Post-Socialist Mobility Cultures
Autorzy:
White, Anne
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22858269.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-12
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
Post-socialism
migration culture
livelihood strategies
Ukraine
Russia
Polska
Opis:
The concept of migration culture is sometimes used to suggest that migration became normalised in particular sending locations. It is helpful however to explore the cultural context of migration more thoroughly, investigating norms and beliefs about how to ‘do’ migration. I analyse why cultures change, and how this links to broader changes in society. In some respects post-2014 Ukrainian migration to Poland and, for example, Polish migration pre-2004 are strikingly similar, for example regarding informal networks, and migration to finance children’s higher education. To some extent Ukrainian migration can be labelled ‘post-socialist.’ I argue however that it is also shaped by the specific 21st century context, such as enhanced opportunities for communication between migrants and potential migrants on social media and in receiving countries, as well as Ukrainians’ encounters in Poland with Polish return migrants. Hence Ukrainian mobility discourses and practices have to be studied transnationally, not just locally.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2022, 220, 4; 443-456
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Munda Tribe Perception Towards Livelihood Through Sustainable Development
Sposób na życie plemienia Munda w kontekście wymagań zrównoważonego rozwoju
Autorzy:
Kumari, Laxmi
Rahman, Mojibur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1840983.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Człowiek i Środowisko PAN
Tematy:
sustainable development
Munda tribe
Non-Wood Forest Product (NWFP)
livelihood
rozwój zrównoważony
plemię Munda
NWFP
środki do życia
Opis:
The purpose of the present study is to portray the perception of tribal communities towards sustainable development. The motive of the study is to picture the awareness which these tribal communities imbibe in themselves from primitive times. The idea to study Munda tribe of Jharkhand is because they are large in numbers, and will easily represent their outlook towards importance of preserving forest and livelihood development. The study focused on socio-capital and cultural understanding of the tribe in their livelihood. It emphasized on importance of women in the development of better livelihood. It showed how Non-Wood Forest Products (NWFP) are used in commercial and industrial form without affecting the natural resources, thus promotes sustainable development. The study also defined how through sustainable livelihood the tribe contributed in the revenue of the state government and also helped in generating income for the weaker section of the community.
Celem niniejszego opracowania jest omówienie postrzegania świata przez społeczności plemienne w kontekście zrównoważonego rozwoju. Motywem badania jest zobrazowanie świadomości, którą te społeczności plemienne przyswajają sobie od pokoleń. Za wyborem Munda z Jharkhandu przemawiała jego duża liczebność. Dzięki niej możliwe będzie głębsze spojrzenie na ich wizję znaczenie ochrony lasów i zapewnienia źródeł utrzymania. Badanie koncentrowało się na społeczno-kapitałowym i kulturowym rozumieniu plemienia jako źródła utrzymania. Podkreślono znaczenie kobiet w rozwoju i drodze do lepszych warunków życia. Pokazano w jaki sposób niedrzewne produkty leśne (NWFP) są wykorzystywane w formie komercyjnej i przemysłowej, bez negatywnego wpływu na zasoby naturalne, promując zarazem w ten sposób zrównoważony rozwój. Badanie określiło również, w jaki sposób poprzez zrównoważone środki do życia plemię wnosiło wkład w dochody rządu stanowego, a także pomagało w generowaniu dochodów dla słabszej części społeczności.
Źródło:
Problemy Ekorozwoju; 2021, 16, 1; 181-185
1895-6912
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Ekorozwoju
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zabezpieczenie egzystencji (livelihoods) w dyskusji o bezpieczeństwie ekonomicznym regionów peryferyjnych1
Livelihoods in the discussion about economic safety in peripheral regions
Autorzy:
Czerny, Mirosława
Czerny, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/451936.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki Euroregionalnej im. Alcide De Gasperi w Józefowie
Tematy:
rural development
livelihood
poverty
global South
Peru
rozwój wsi
zabezpieczanie egzystencji
(livelihood)
ubóstwo
globalne Południe
Opis:
In the discussion on the possibilities for emerging from a state of backwardness and underdevelopment that may be available to rural parts of developing countries, and in the search for a concept that might help reduce poverty levels in these same areas, reference is made to various strands of thought through which authors basically evoke one or other of the fundamental “schools” of development present in the subject literature for more than three decades now. Last two decades at least have brought a downward trend for the numbers working in agriculture in the world as a whole, the share of the overall workforce engaged in this kind of activity remains considerable in many developing countries. Agriculture continues to represent a basic source of income, thanks to which large groups of people in rural areas continue to have upkeep. And while today’s world has a globalized system of food production, there remain – and continue in a strong position – the two key systems of farm production, i.e. commercial (albeit of diff ering magnitudes and production profi les) and subsistence (thanks to which the populations living in underdeveloped, poor and marginalized rural areas continue to be able to maintain their lives, if “only just”). Th e concept of livelihood used in this study is very useful in helping us understand the process of the accumulation – and the accessing – of certain non-material features and material goods known in general as assets, which allow each household or each community to devise a strategy by which the basic existential needs are to be safeguarded. Th ese are also sought in the context of features of the surroundings in which communities operate. It is accepted that the environment defi ned in this way is variable and vulnerable to all kinds of change, be this institutional, political or environmental (Carney 1998).
W geografi i rozwoju ważnym zagadnienie, które jest szeroko omawiane w literaturze są kwestie ubóstwa, zacofania i braku możliwości rozwoju na szczeblu lokalnym, w regionach trudnodostępnych, zamieszkanych przez ludność tubylczą. Oprócz czynników lokalizacyjnych przyczyn tej sytuacji szuka się w historii gospodarczej i politycznej regionów, a szczególnie w procesach politycznych odpowiedzialnych za redystrybucję ziemi rolnej od czasów kolonialnych. Reformy rolne realizowane w krajach andyjskich w latach 60. XX wieku nie zmieniły radykalnie tej sytuacji i w dalszym ciągu istnieją rzesze rolników gospodarujących na niewielkich poletkach (minifundios). Stąd też projekty rozwojowe kładą duży nacisk na promowanie działalności pozarolniczej na obszarach wiejskich, także w krajach globalnego Południa Kwestia ta ma fundamentalne znaczenie dla poprawy warunków życia ludności wiejski i zwiększenia jej aktywów (Kinsey 2002). Liczba osób, pracujących w rolnictwie, wykazuje wprawdzie w skali globalnej od co najmniej dwóch dekad wyraźną tendencję spadkową, jednak w dalszym ciągu w krajach rozwijających się ich udział w zatrudnieniu jest znaczny. Rolnictwo w dalszym ciągu stanowi podstawowe źródło utrzymania znacznych grup ludności regionów wiejskich. We współczesnym, zglobalizowanym systemie produkcji żywności utrzymują się i nie schodzą ze swoich silnych pozycji dwa najważniejsze systemy produkcji rolnej: gospodarstwa towarowe (różnej wielkości i o różnym profi lu produkcji) oraz gospodarstwa subsystencyjne, dzięki którym utrzymuje się ludność wiejska obszarów nierozwiniętych, ubogich, zmarginalizowanych.
Źródło:
Journal of Modern Science; 2015, 25, 2; 241-260
1734-2031
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Modern Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment of income generating activities among forest fringe communities in cross rivers state of Nigeria
Autorzy:
Awe, Femi
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1879407.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-10-13
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
livelihood
forest
on-farm
multinomial
Cross River
Opis:
This study assessed the different income generating activities as well as factors that influenced choice of such activities among forest communities in Cross Rivers State of Nigeria. One hundred copies of structured questionnaire were used to obtain information from respondents in the study area. Two Local Government Areas (LGAs) were purposively selected for the study, due to their agrarian and forest-based nature. Five communities were then randomly selected from each of the LGAs and ten copies of questionnaire were randomly administered in each community. Both descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages as well as inferential statistics such as Multinomial Logistic Regression were used in the study. From the study, it was discovered that the average household size, age, farm size and household income were 4; 36.5; 1.75Ha and N39, 330 respectively. It was also observed that the respondents engaged in different income generating activities which are then categorized into On-farm only activities, Non-farm only activities as well as Non-farm+ On-farm activities. Thirty-seven percent (37%) of the respondents engaged in only farming activities with only 20% of them engaging in non-farm activities alone; while 43% of the respondents combine farm activities with non-farm activities. The results of the Multinomial Logistic Regression show that age, educational qualification, access to extension services, total household monthly income, farming experience, farm size as well as availability of forest were variables that significantly influenced the respondents’ choice of livelihood strategies at 5% level of significance.
Źródło:
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2021, 61, 3; 307-314
1899-5241
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Livelihood diversification and income: a case study of communities resident along the Kiri Dam, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Zróżnicowanie źródeł utrzymania a dochody: studium przypadku społeczności zamieszkujących przy zaporze Kiri w stanie Adamawa w Nigerii
Autorzy:
Amurtiya, M.
Lumbonyi, C.A.
Abdullahi, A.
Olayiwola, S.A.
Yaduma, Z.B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43452.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
livelihood diversification
income
resident
Kiri Dam
Adamawa State
Nigeria
Opis:
This research analysed livelihood diversification and income in resident communities along the Kiri Dam, Adamawa state, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were: to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, assess the level of livelihood diversification of the respondents, analyse income of the respondents, identify factors associated with varying levels of income, and identify constraints to livelihood diversification in the area. A multistage sampling technique was used to collect primary data from 120 respondents from the study area. The data collected were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The results showed that the majority of the respondents were male (78%), married (76%), educated (70%), below 60 years of age (93%) and employed in agricultural activities (83%). The Simpson index of diversification shows that 43% of the respondents diversify at an average level. The majority (60%) of the respondents’ annual income is over ₦ 200,000. The ordinary least square estimation shows that age, marital status, education, irrigation activities, fishing, farm size and level of diversification affect income level in the area. The main constraints to diversified livelihood in the area were a lack of basic social infrastructure, a hippopotamus menace and flooding. The study recommended the provision of social infrastructure and the control of hippopotamuses.
W niniejszym artykule przeprowadzono analizę zróżnicowania źródeł utrzymania oraz poziomu dochodów społeczności zamieszkujących przy zaporze Kiri w stanie Adamawa w Nigerii. Szczegółowe cele badania to: określenie socjoekonomicznego profilu respondentów, ocena poziomu różnorodności źródeł ich utrzymania, analiza dochodu, identyfikacja czynników wpływających na poziom dochodów oraz identyfikacja ograniczeń w zróżnicowaniu źródeł utrzymania na badanym obszarze. Na potrzeby pozyskania danych podstawowych od 120 respondentów posłużono się techniką doboru wielostopniowego. Zgromadzone dane poddano opisowi oraz wnioskowaniu statystycznemu. Przeprowadzone analizy wykazały, że większość (78%) respondentów to mężczyźni, osoby pozostające w związku małżeńskim (76%) i wykształcone (70%). Aż 93% badanych miało poniżej 60 lat i zajmowało się rolnictwem (83%). Wskaźnik Simpsona wykazał, że 43% respondentów charakteryzowało się różnorodnością na poziomie przeciętnym. Roczny dochód większości (60%) respondentów wynosił ponad 200 tys. ₦. Oszacowanie klasyczną metodą najmniejszych kwadratów wykazało, że wiek, stan cywilny, wykształcenie, działalność w zakresie nawadniania i rybołówstwa, wielkość gospodarstwa oraz poziom różnorodności wpływały na poziom dochodu na badanym obszarze. Głównymi ograniczeniami zróżnicowania źródła utrzymania były: brak infrastruktury społecznej, szkody wyrządzane przez hipopotamy oraz powodzie. Zaleca się zapewnienie odpowiedniej infrastruktury społecznej i opanowanie zagrożenia ze strony zwierząt.
Źródło:
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2016, 42, 4
1899-5241
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Alternative livelihood programs in Africa: A substitute or an added portfolio?
Autorzy:
Abere, Sodienye Augustine
Lameed, Gbolagade Akeem
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1112937.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
GOs
Governmental Organization
NGOs
alternative livelihoods
Opis:
Alternative livelihoods are often promoted by conservation organisations or governments to reduce rural people’s reliance on or use of natural resources, or to compensate them for loss of access. The effectiveness of such interventions has, however, been limited over the years. It is no news that the greatest challenges facing humankind are the alleviation of poverty and the conservation of biological diversity. Yet, rather than being perceived as separate issues, these two challenges are often closely linked. In order to find solutions to these challenges, both Non-Governmental and Governmental Organizations have put in place diverse alternative projects. Unfortunately, such endeavours have met with little or no successful outcome. This, therefore, leads to the question of whether an alternative livelihood program is really a substitute or an added portfolio to the existing activities of rural people. This paper critically examines alternative livelihood projects on the basis that these are either the former or the latter. Data was obtained through the use of various search engines and also from direct observation. The study discovered that, while different alternative livelihood projects have been employed with various objectives across Africa, most of the reviewed projects have had little or no success owing to management issues within the NGOs or GOs, and, most especially, due to the actual condition of local people. Thus, ‘alternative livelihoods’ tend to be an added portfolio of other activities rather than a substitute for current reality.
Źródło:
World News of Natural Sciences; 2018, 16; 67-74
2543-5426
Pojawia się w:
World News of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Boko-Haram Insurgency and Rural Livelihood Dilemma: Implication for Sustainable Development in North-East Nigeria
Rebelia Boko-Haram i dylemat braku środków do życia na wsi: implikacje dla zrównoważonego rozwoju północno-wschodniej Nigerii
Autorzy:
Abubakar, Tafida Ahmadu
Amurtiya, Michael
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27314038.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Człowiek i Środowisko PAN
Tematy:
insurgency
rural development
sustainable livelihood
North-East Nigeria
rebelia
rozwój obszarów wiejskich
zrównoważone źródła utrzymania
północno-wschodnia Nigeria
Opis:
The Boko-Haram insurgency has affected livelihoods in the Northeast Nigeria in all ramifications. This study reviewed scholarly submissions on the drivers and impact of the insurgency in the area. The outcome of the review showed that the insurgency is driven mainly by poverty, religious extremism, and politics. Equally, the insurgency has affected rural livelihoods entirely and has exacerbated food insecurity, unemployment, and poverty. This is because critical infrastructure like schools, hospitals, markets, and electricity/telecommunication facilities have been largely destroyed, and residents of some communities are still displaced. Hence, to better the livelihood of the people in communities where normalcy has been restored, there is the need to promote agriculture and trade by securing the communities and enhancing access to affordable agricultural inputs.
Rebelia Boko-Haram wpłynęła negatywnie na poziom życia mieszkańców północnego-wschodu Nigerii. W tym badaniu dokonano przeglądu opinii naukowych na temat czynników powodujących i wpływu rebelii na ten obszar. Wyniki przeglądu wykazały, że rebelia jest napędzana głównie przez biedę, ekstremizm religijny i politykę. Rebelia znacząco wpłynęła na obniżenie dochodów na wsi i zaostrzyła brak bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego, zwiększyła poziom bezrobocia i ubóstwa. Wynika to z faktu, że infrastruktura krytyczna, taka jak szkoły, szpitale, rynki oraz instalacje elektryczne/telekomunikacyjne, została w dużej mierze zniszczona, a mieszkańcy niektórych społeczności nadal są przesiedlani. Dlatego też, aby poprawić warunki życia ludzi w społecznościach, w których przywrócono normalność, istnieje potrzeba promowania rolnictwa i handlu dla lokalnych społeczności i zwiększenie dostępu do przystępnych cenowo środków produkcji rolnej.
Źródło:
Problemy Ekorozwoju; 2023, 18, 1; 216--225
1895-6912
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Ekorozwoju
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wetland importance and dependence among households around the Ogun River Basin, Nigeria
Autorzy:
Olarewaju, Titilope Omolara
Shittu, Adebayo
Dipeolu, Adewale
Oduntan, Oladapo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2033357.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-04-04
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
wetland
benefits
livelihood
dependence
income
Opis:
Wetland is particularly important in developing countries for economic purposes. This study examines livelihood activities, wetland dependence and its determinants among wetland households. Primary data were collected from households in a two stage random sampling procedure. Both descriptive and quantitative methods were employed for data analysis. Results show that support for dry season production, all year round water supply, and fishing were the first, second and third most important benefits of wetland to households. Socio-economic factors have influences on wetland dependence. This study concludes that wetland support dry season farming and is heavily depended upon for income by households in wetland communities. It is therefore recommended that skills acquisition centres should be established in wetland communities to engage youths particularly male in other employment apart from wetland related ones so as to reduce dependence on wetlands and thus take pressure off them.
Źródło:
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2022, 63, 1; 61-69
1899-5241
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ludność żydowska w Błaszkach i jej główne źródła utrzymania (do 1864 r.)
The Jewish population in Błaszki and its main source of livelihood (up to 1864)
Autorzy:
Król, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19944818.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
Błaszki is a small town situated between Sieradz and Kalisz.The beginnings of Błaszki go back to the 15th century, but the real development of the city was in 18th century, when the city became the property of Lipski family. In 18th century the town began to be settled by Jews, who later gradually became to be the dominant national group among the total population. It is worth noting that in 1793–1811 Błaszki stood out in the Kalisz department because of its percentage of the men of religion of Moses. At the same time in Opatówek and Staw, situated near the town, there were no Jews. Jews dealt with craft and trade, which was the main source of supply for the cities around the Błaszki. Jewish population lived mainly in wooden houses, which were situated around the rectangular market. At the beginning the people organized 10 fairs per year, but since the mid-19th century they organized only 6. There were Sunday`s fairs as well, that were the place of cloth, horses, cattle, corn, seeds and eggs trading. Jewish artisans were involved in weaving, tanning, linening and agriculture. Jewish community showed an interest in the functioning the Jewish municipality that existed in the mid-18th century. I n the thirties of the 18th century Błaszki had its own synagogue. Twenty years later the shelter for the poor Jews was created. However, both the majority of manufacturing industries and the limited employment opportunities in agriculture caused that a significant part of the Jews lived in extreme poverty. Emerging crises in agriculture and the epidemic affected the increase in mortality among the men of religion of Moses.
Źródło:
Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku; 2012, 10; 57-85
2450-6796
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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