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Tytuł:
Nature of Segregation in the Steel Static and Brass Continuously Cast Ingots
Autorzy:
Wołczyński, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356511.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
macro-segregation maps
brass ingots morphology
marginal stability criterion
Growth Law for columnar structure
formation
Opis:
Experimental observations of the steel morphology as well as measurements of the solutes concentration in the macro-scale were made on the basis of the vertical cut at the mid-depth of the 15-tons steel forging ingot serially produced in one of the steel plant in Poland. Experimental observations of the morphology accompanied by the measurements of the Peclet Number were also made on the cross-section of the continuously cast brass ingots serially produced in the copper / brass industry in Poland. The performed measurements allowed to work out some maps of the alloying elements segregation for the longitudinal section of the steel static ingot and a Growth Law for the columnar grains formation in the brass ingots. The marginal stability criterion has been applied to the last mentioned development / description. Some suggestions for the micro-segregation measurement mode in the columnar structure are derived.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 4; 1915-1922
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A tale of two lead ingots
Opowieść o dwóch sztabach ołowiu
Autorzy:
Vernon, R. W.
Pérez, A. A.
Lorenc, M. W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/122193.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Wydział Geoinżynierii, Górnictwa i Geologii. Instytut Górnictwa
Tematy:
Linares
Sopwith
lead ingots
Odyssey Marine Exploration
English Channel
sztaby ołowiu
Kanał la Manche
Opis:
Lead ores, usually containing silver, can be found in most European countries. It was the Romans who first mined lead extensively. They found many uses for it and developed techniques to extract the silver. However, the water table frequently determined the depth of Roman mining operations. In the 19th century, Spain became an important source of lead. Many of the mines had hardly been worked since the Romans and the relatively un-worked lead veins at Linares (Jaén Province), soon attracted companies, from Britain, France and Germany, and they introduced new technology into the area that allowed the mine working to go deeper. One of these mines La Tortilla mine, located to the west of the town, and managed by an Englishman, Thomas Sopwith junior was one of the many successful mines in the area. By 1880 an extensive lead smelting works had been established adjacent to the mine that produced large tonnages of lead ingots for export. Until recently, no lead ingots from the Linares area were known to have survived. However, it was inevitably some ingots would get lost in transit. The exploration of a shipwreck in 2005 revealed a large consignment of ingots manufactured at the La Tortilla smelter. This was as important discovery as the cargo represented the only known collection of ingots manufactured in Linares. This is the tale of two of those lead ingots.
Rudy ołowiu, zwykle zawierające srebro, można znaleźć w większości krajów europejskich. To Rzymianie najpierw ekstensywnie wydobywali ołów. Znaleźli wiele zastosowań i opracowali techniki ekstrakcji srebra. Jednak stół wodny często określał głębokość rzymskich operacji górniczych. W XIX wieku Hiszpania stała się ważnym źródłem ołowiu. Wiele kopalń nie pracowało od czasów rzymskich i stosunkowo nieobrobione żyły w Linares (prowincja Jaén), wkrótce przyciągnęły firmy z Wielkiej Brytanii, Francji i Niemiec, a także wprowadziły nowe technologie do obszaru, który pozwolił na działanie kopalni iść głębiej. Jedna z kopalni La Tortilla, zlokalizowana na zachód od miasta i zarządzana przez Anglika, Thomas Sopwith junior była jedną z wielu udanych kopalni w okolicy. Do 1880 r. w pobliżu kopalni powstały rozległe huty ołowiu, które produkowały duże ilości wlewków na eksport. Do niedawna wiadomo, że nie zachowały się wlewki ołowiu z obszaru Linares. Jednak nieuchronnie część wlewków zagubiłaby się w transporcie. Eksploracja wraku w 2005 r. ujawniła dużą partię wlewków wyprodukowanych w hucie La Tortilla. Było to równie ważne odkrycie jak ładunek stanowił jedyną znaną kolekcję wlewków wyprodukowanych w Linares. Jest to opowieść o dwóch z tych wlewków.
Źródło:
Hereditas Minariorum; 2017, 4; 9-24
2391-9450
2450-4114
Pojawia się w:
Hereditas Minariorum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mechanical properties and fracture analysis of AlCu4MgSi alloy ingots obtained by horizontal continuous casting
Autorzy:
Nuckowski, P. M.
Wróbel, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352196.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
AlCu4MgSi alloy
horizontal continuous casting
fracture analysis
mechanical properties of ingots
aluminum
Opis:
The article presents the results of research concerning AlCu4MgSi alloy ingots produced using horizontal continuous casting process under variable conditions of casting speed and cooling liquid flow through the crystallizer. The mechanical properties and structure of the obtained ingots were correlated with the process parameters. On the basis of the obtained results, it has been shown that depending on the cooling rate and the intensity of convection during solidification, significant differences in the mechanical properties and structure and of the ingots can occur. The research has shown that, as the casting speed and the flow rate of the cooling liquid increase, the hardness of the test samples decreases, while their elongation increases, which is related to the increase of the average grain size. Also, the morphology of the intermetallic phases precipitations lattice, as well as the centerline porosity and dendrite expansion, significantly affect the tensile strength and fracture mechanism of the tested ingots.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 1; 113-118
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Control of the CET Localization in Continuously Cast Copper and Copper Alloys’ Ingots
Autorzy:
Kwapisiński, Piotr
Wołczyński, Waldemar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27314164.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
alloy ingots
copper alloys
CET
Liquidus isotherm velocity
single crystal’s core
wlewki
stopy miedzi
izoterma Liquidusa
rdzeń monokryształu
Opis:
A brief description of the innovative mathematical method for the prediction of CET – localization in solidifying copper and copper alloys’ ingots is presented. The method is to be preceded by the numerical simulation of both temperature field and thermal gradient filed. All typical structural zones were revealed within the copper and copper alloys’ massive ingots or rods manufactured by continuous casting. The role of thermal gradient direction for the single crystal core formation has been enlightened. The definition for the index describing proportion between volume fraction of the columnar structure and volume fraction of the equiaxed structure has been formulated by means of the interpretation of some features of the liquidus isotherm velocity course. An attempt has been undertaken to apply the developed mathematical method for the structural zones prediction in the rods solidifying under industrial conditions. An industrial application has been shown, that is, it was explained why the innovative rods should be assigned to the overhead conductors in the electric tractions.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2023, 23, 2; 91--99
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Structure and Usable Properties of Aluminum Continuous Ingots
Autorzy:
Wróbel, T.
Szajnar, J.
Bartocha, D.
Stawarz, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381301.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
continuous casting
aluminum alloy
structure
inoculation
electromagnetic stirring
odlewanie ciągłe
stop aluminium
modyfikacja
mieszanie elektromagnetyczne
Opis:
In paper is presented results of studies concerning ingot of Al with a purity of 99.5% cast with use of stand of horizontal continuous casting. Mainly together with casting velocity was considered influence of electromagnetic stirrer, which was placed in continuous casting mould on refinement of ingots structure and theirs usability to plastic deformation. Effect of structure refinement and usability to plastic deformation obtained by influence of electromagnetic stirring was compared with refinement obtained by use of traditional inoculation, which consists in introducing of additives i.e. Ti and B to metal bath. On the basis of obtained results was affirmed that inoculation realized by electromagnetic stirring in range of continuous casting mould guarantees improvement in structure refinement and usability to rolling of pure Al continuous ingots.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 3; 85-90
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Amount and Distribution of Micro-Defects in Solidified 2219 Al Alloy Ingots: a Metallographic Investigation
Autorzy:
Liu, Yu
Huang, Yuanchun
Xiao, Zhengbing
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354423.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
metallographic
micro-defect
2219 Al alloy ingot
amount
distribution
Opis:
Micro-defects detection in solidified castings of aluminum alloy has always been a hot topic, and the method employed is mainly depends upon the size and shape of the specimens. In present paper, the amount and distribution characters of micro-defects in a series of 2219 aluminum alloy ingot, with diameters of φ1380 mm, φ1250 mm, φ1000 mm, φ850 mm and φ630 mm, prepared by direct chill casting were investigated by means of metallographic, respectively. Samples were cut along the radius directionfrom slices in the steady casting stage. The result reveals that typical micro-defects are consist of inclusions, porosity and shrinkage under optical microscope, and the total amount of micro-defect per unit area in an ingot slightly decreased with the increase of its diameter. Meanwhile, defects were classified into 2 types according to its size, the results suggesting that defects greater than 40 μm account for the largest proportion among the counted two kinds of defects. Moreover, the distribution of defects greater than 40 μm along the radial direction was detected, its amount increases as its distance from the side, indicating that the micro-defects greater than 40 μm distributed the most in the center zone of ingots and the larger the ingot diameter, the more obvious the tendency was.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 4; 1569-1575
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Structural Transformations Versus Hard Particles Motion in the Brass Ingots
Autorzy:
Wołczyński, W.
Ivanova, A. A.
Kwapisiński, P.
Olejnik, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355047.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
continuously cast ingot
mathematical forecast of structural zones
hard particles in the brass
Opis:
A mathematical method for the forecast of the type of structure in the steel static ingot has been recently developed. Currently, the method has been applied to structural zones prediction in the brass ingots obtained by the continuous casting. Both the temperature field and thermal gradient field have been calculated in order to predict mathematically the existence of some structural zones in the solidifying brass ingot. Particularly, the velocity of the liquidus isotherm movement and thermal gradient behavior versus solidification time have been considered. The analysis of the mentioned velocity allows the conclusion that the brass ingots can evince: chilled columnar grains-, (CC), fine columnar grains-, (FC), columnar grains-, (C), equiaxed grains zone, (E), and even the single crystal, (SC), situated axially. The role of the mentioned morphologies is analyzed to decide whether the hard particles existing in the brass ingots can be swallowed or rejected by the solid / liquid (s/l) interface of a given type of the growing grains. It is suggested that the columnar grains push the hard particles to the end of a brass ingot during its continuous casting.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 4; 2461-2467
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Primary Structure and Mechanical Properties of AlSi2 Alloy Continuous Ingots
Autorzy:
Wróbel, T.
Szajnar, J.
Bartocha, D.
Stawarz, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381796.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
continuous casting
aluminum
silicon
inoculation
electromagnetic stirring
odlewanie ciągłe
aluminium
krzem
wszczepianie
Opis:
The paper presents the research results of horizontal continuous casting of ingots of aluminium alloy containing 2% wt. silicon (AlSi2). Together with the casting velocity (velocity of ingot movement) we considered the influence of electromagnetic stirring in the area of the continuous casting mould on refinement of the ingot’s primary structure and their selected mechanical properties, i.e. tensile strength, yield strength, hardness and elongation. The effect of primary structure refinement and mechanical properties obtained by electromagnetic stirring was compared with refinement obtained by using traditional inoculation, which consists in introducing additives, i.e. Ti, B and Sr, to the metal bath. On the basis of the obtained results we confirmed that inoculation done by electromagnetic stirring in the range of the continuous casting mould guarantees improved mechanical properties and also decreases the negative influence of casting velocity, thus increasing the structure of AlSi2 continuous ingots.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 2; 145-150
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Growth Law for Columnar Structure within the Copper and Copper Alloys Solidifying at a High Peclet Number
Autorzy:
Kwapisiński, Piotr
Wołczyński, Waldemar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27765081.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
continuously cast copper ingots
perturbation wavelength
criterion of marginal stability
Opis:
The copper and copper alloys’ ingots have been subjected to structural observation in order to estimate the Peclet Number at which these ingots were solidifying. It was stated that the formation of columnar structure within the ingots occurred at a high Peclet Number, higher than the threshold value of this parameter, Pe = 500. The formulated relationships of the Growth Law correspond to a high Peclet Number due to application of the adequate development in series of the Ivantsov’s function. The Growth Law has been developed on the basis of the definition of the wavelength of perturbation which leads to the dispersion of the planar s/l interface. New definition of the index of stability connected with the behavior of solute concentration at the s/l interface has been delivered. The current definition is related to non-equilibrium solidification. The index can be easily calculated using some parameters delivered by a given Cu-X phase diagram. Physical meaning of the formulated Growth Law has also been presented.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2023, 68, 2; 579--584
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ smarowania na jakość powierzchni wlewków ciągłych
Influence of lubrication on surface quality of continuous casting ingots
Autorzy:
Sorek, A.
Kania, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/181823.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Metalurgii Żelaza im. Stanisława Staszica
Tematy:
smarowanie
zasypka krystalizatorowa
znaki oscylacyjne
jakość
lubrication
mold powder
oscillation marks
quality
Opis:
Istotnym czynnikiem wpływającym na jakość powierzchni wlewków ciągłych są zjawiska fizyczne, chemiczne i mechaniczne zachodzące w strefie przymeniskowej krystalizatora COS. Do zjawisk tych możemy między innymi zaliczyć "smarowanie" powierzchni wlewka ciągłego w krystalizatorze. Powszechnie stosowaną metodą smarowania powierzchni wlewka jest stosowanie zasypek krystalizatorowych. Zasypki w kontakcie z ciekłą stalą tworzą ciekłą fazę żużlową która jest czynnikiem smarującym. W artykule scharakteryzowano proces smarowania powierzchni wlewka w procesie ciągłego odlewania stali. Przedstawiono wyniki badań przemysłowych wpływu stosowanej zasypki na jakość powierzchni otrzymywanych wlewków ciągłych.
The physical, chemical and mechanical phenomena which take place in the near-meniscus zone of continuous casting mold are the significant factors influencing the quality of CC ingot and especially the quality of its surface. Such phenomena include, but are not limited to, the lubrication of ingot surface in the COS mold. Application of mold powders is the commonly used lubrication method. Mold powders form the liquid slag phase in contact with liquid steel. This slag phase is a lubricant agent. In this article, the lubrication of ingot surface in continuous casting was characterized. The paper presents the results of industrial studies on the influence of powders on surface quality of continuous casting ingots.
Źródło:
Prace Instytutu Metalurgii Żelaza; 2013, T. 65, nr 1, 1; 28-35
0137-9941
Pojawia się w:
Prace Instytutu Metalurgii Żelaza
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Influence of Casting Velocity on Structure of Al Continuous Ingots
Autorzy:
Bartocha, D.
Wróbel, T.
Szajnar, J.
Adamczyk, W.
Jamrozik, W.
Dojka, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354184.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
aluminum
primary structure
ingot
continuous casting
simulation of solidification process
Opis:
The aim of paper was determination of influence of the casting velocity in horizontal continuous casting process on solidification phenomenon and next primary structure of aluminum ingots. In the range of studies was conducted the experiment concerning continuous casting of Al ingots with diameter 30 mm at velocity from 30 to 80 mm/min. Moreover was developed adequate to the real the virtual model of cooled water continuous casting mould, which was used in simulation of solidification process of Al continuous ingot, made in ANSYS Fluent software. In result was determined the influence of casting velocity and temperature of cooling water on position of crystallization front inside the continuous casting mould. While the shape and size of grains in primary structure of Al continuous ingots were determined on the basis of metallographic macroscopic studies. On the basis of the results analysis was affirmed that increase of casting velocity strongly influences on position of crystallization front and causes increase of temperature of ingot leaving the continuous casting mould. In result the increase of casting velocity supposedly leads to decrease of temperature gradient on crystallization front what creates coarse grains in primary structure of aluminum continuous ingots and caused low usable properties i.e. suitability to plastic deformation.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 3; 1609-1613
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Casting small-diameter ingots from multicomponent silumins
Odlewanie wlewków o małych średnicach z siluminów wieloskładnikowych
Autorzy:
Zamkotowicz, Z.
Augustyn, B.
Kumor, P.
Kapinos, D.
Żelechowski, J.
Bigaj, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/264137.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
silumins
structure
VDC ingot casting
siluminy
struktura
odlewanie wlewków VDC
Opis:
The casting of ingots from aluminum alloys with a smali range of solidification temperatures currently poses no major technical problems. On the other hand, problems do occur when multicomponent alloys containing elements such as Cu, Zn, or Mg are cast. This applies to alloys both wrought and cast. For these alloys, the differences in temperature starting and ending the solidification process reach 160°C.The difficulties are even morę pronounced when the diameter of the cast ingot is less than 100 mm. Casting small-diameter ingots requires a very careful selection of parameters, which - for ingots with a diameter of about 70 mm - usually involve very high casting rates of up to 400 mm/min. The formation of a subsurface zone in the ingot along the crystallizer working length of several centimeters is very difficult at such a high casting rate and requires the precise determination of parameters for each alloy, particularly if this is a multicomponent alloy with a wide range of solidification temperatures. To this family of alloys belong multicomponent silumins, with the special case of phosphorus-modified near-eutectic and hypereutectic systems. Below are the results of technologicaI tests as well as structure examinations of ingots cast from silumins with different ranges of solidification temperatures. Ingots of 100-mm diameters were cast in a vertical system. In this arrangement, ingots with a diameter of 70 mm were also cast, using crystallizers normally operating in a horizontal continuous casting line.
Odlewanie we wlewki stopów aluminium o małym zakresie temperatur krzepnięcia nie stwarza obecnie większych problemów technicznych. Trudności występują w przypadku odlewania stopów wieloskładnikowych zawierających takie pierwiastki jak Cu, Zn, Mg. Dotyczyło zarówno stopów do przeróbki plastycznej, jak i odlewniczych. Dla tych stopów różnice pomiędzy temperaturą początku i końca krzepnięcia dochodzą do 160°C. Dodatkowo trudności zwiększają się w przypadku odlewania wlewków o średnicach poniżej 100 mm. Proces odlewania wlewków o małej średnicy wymaga bardzo starannego doboru parametrów, co wiąże się z bardzo dużymi szybkościami odlewania dochodzącymi do 400 mm/min dla wlewków o średnicy około 70 mm. Utworzenie strefy przypowierzchniowej wlewka na kilkucentymetrowej długości roboczej krystalizatora, przy tak wysokich szybkościach odlewania, jest bardzo utrudnione i wymaga precyzyjnego ustalenia parametrów dla każdego stopu, a zwłaszcza dla stopów wieloskładnikowych o szerokim zakresie temperatur krzepnięcia. Do takich stopów zaliczane są siluminy wieloskładnikowe, wśród których szczególnym przypadkiem są siluminy około- i nadeutektyczne modyfikowane fosforem. W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki prób technologicznych oraz wyniki badań struktury wlewków odlanych z siluminów, różniących się zakresem temperatur krzepnięcia. Wlewki o średnicy 100 mm odlewane były na linii do odlewu pionowego. W tym układzie odlewano także wlewki o średnicy 70 mm, z wykorzystaniem krystalizatorów przewidzianych do linii odlewu ciągłego poziomego.
Źródło:
Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering; 2014, 40, 3; 175-190
1230-2325
2300-8377
Pojawia się w:
Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Precipitation Hardening of Continuous Ingots of AlSi2Mn and AlCu4MgSi Alloys
Autorzy:
Wróbel, T.
Nuckowski, P. M.
Jurczyk, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382653.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
aluminum alloy
precipitation hardening
continuous casting
silicon
cooper
stop aluminium
utwardzanie wydzieleniowe
odlewanie ciągłe
silikon
miedź
Opis:
The paper presents the research results of the influence of the precipitation hardening on hardness and microstructure of selected Al-Si and Al-Cu alloys obtained as ϕ30 mm ingots in a horizontal continuous casting process. The ingots were heat treated in process of precipitation hardening i.e. supersaturation with subsequent accelerated or natural ageing. Moreover in the range of the study it has been carried out investigations of chemical constitution, microscopic metallographic with use of scanning electron microscope with EDS analysis system, and hardness measurements using the Brinell method. On basis of obtained results it has been concluded that the chemical constitution of the investigated alloys enables to classify them into Al alloys for the plastic deformation as EN AW-AlSi2Mn (alternatively cast alloy EN AC-AlSi2MgTi) and as EN AW-AlCu4MgSi (alternatively cast alloy EN AC-AlCu4MgTi) grades. Moreover in result of applied precipitation hardening has resulted in the precipitation from a supersaturated solid solution of dispersive particles of secondary phases rich in alloying element i.e. Si and Cu respectively. In consequence it has been obtained increase in hardness in case of AlSi2Mn alloy by approximately 30% and in case of AlCu4MgSi alloy by approximately 20% in comparison to the as-cast state of continuous ingots.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 2; 181-186
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Research and Development of the Solidification of Slab Ingots from Special Tool Steels
Autorzy:
Tkadlečková, M.
Michalek, K.
Gryc, K.
Socha, L.
Jonšta, P.
Saternus, M.
Pieprzyca, J.
Merder, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356096.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
tool steel
steelmaking
slab ingot
numerical modelling
porosity
Opis:
The paper describes the research and development of casting and solidification of slab ingots from special tool steels by means of numerical modelling using the finite element method. The pre-processing, processing and post-processing phases of numerical modelling are outlined. Also, problems with determining the thermophysical properties of materials and heat transfer between the individual parts of the casting system are discussed. Based on the type of grade of tool steel, the risk of final porosity is predicted. The results allowed to improve the production technology of slab ingots, and also to verify the ratio, the chamfer and the external/ internal shape of the wall of the new designed slab ingots.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 3; 1453-1458
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dislocation Generation and Propagation across the Seed in Seed Cast-Si Ingots
Autorzy:
Miyamura, Y.
Chen, J.
Prakash, R.
Jiptner, K.
Harada, H.
Sekiguchi, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1363535.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-04
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
88.40.jj
81.10.Fq
61.72.Ff
61.72.Hh
61.72.Lk
Opis:
We have studied the dislocation generation and propagation from the seed crystals during seed cast Si growth. The grown ingot was cut into a vertical wafer, followed by the dislocation imaging using X-ray topography and Secco etching. The dislocation behavior at the seed area was compared with the dislocation generation at the top surface due to the thermal stress during cooling. The dislocations at the seed/crystal interface have propagated on the {111} plane toward top. When the seed surface was not melted sufficiently, the interface defect density became high, but no clear dislocation propagation was recognized. This suggests that the thermal shock at the seed/melt interface was not high enough to propagate dislocations to the growth direction. A certain amount of dislocations has been introduced from the top into the ingot according to the thermal stress. These observations suggest that optimizing the initial growth condition is important to dislocation control.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2014, 125, 4; 1024-1026
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical Model for Solidification Zones Selection in the Large Ingots
Autorzy:
Wołczyński, W.
Kwapisiński, P.
Kania, B.
Wajda, W.
Skuza, W.
Bydałek, A. W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379882.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
theory of crystallization
thermal gradient field
constrained solidification
unconstrained solidification
teoria krystalizacji
gradientowe pole temperatury
krzepnięcie ograniczone
Opis:
A vertical cut at the mid-depth of the 15-ton forging steel ingot has been performed by curtesy of the CELSA – Huta Ostrowiec plant. Some metallographic studies were able to reveal not only the chilled undersized grains under the ingot surface but columnar grains and large equiaxed grains as well. Additionally, the structural zone within which the competition between columnar and equiaxed structure formation was confirmed by metallography study, was also revealed. Therefore, it seemed justified to reproduce some of the observed structural zones by means of numerical calculation of the temperature field. The formation of the chilled grains zone is the result of unconstrained rapid solidification and was not subject of simulation. Contrary to the equiaxed structure formation, the columnar structure or columnar branched structure formation occurs under steep thermal gradient. Thus, the performed simulation is able to separate both discussed structural zones and indicate their localization along the ingot radius as well as their appearance in term of solidification time.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 4; 87-90
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Strain distribution in cogging process of ingots with internal discontinuities
Rozkład odkształceń w procesie wydłużania swobodnego wlewków z wewnętrznymi nieciągłościami
Autorzy:
Chyła, P.
Łukaszek-Sołek, A.
Sińczak, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/264068.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
rozkład intensywności odkształcenia
wydłużanie swobodne
obliczenia numeryczne
effective strain distribution
cogging process
numerical calculations
Opis:
In this paper is presented analysis of cogging process of the 16 Mg ingot in the three-dimensional state of deformation, using commercial program QForm 3D to valuate effective strain distribution. Additionally voids closing were analysed, which were purposely inserted (various diameters and shapes) in selected areas. Numerical calculations were carried out for two following processes: upsetting of the reforged ingot and cogging process. Cogging operation of reforged material was simulated according to two schedules from the head and the bottom side of the ingot. As a criterion of valuation of the cogging process with flat dies were accepted maps of effective strain distribution.
W pracy przedstawiono analizę procesu wydłużania swobodnego wlewka o masie 16 Mg w przestrzennym stanie odkształcenia przy wykorzystaniu programu komercyjnego QForm 3D pod kątem oceny rozkładu odkształceń. Dodatkowo analizowano mechanizm zamykania, celowo wprowadzonych - o różnych rozmiarach i kształtach - w wybranych obszarach, wewnętrznych nieciągłości we wlewku. Badania symulacyjne przeprowadzono dla dwóch kolejnych operacji: spęczania wstępnie przekutego wlewka oraz wydłużania. Proces wydłużania spęczonego materiału symulowano według dwóch schematów od strony: uchwytu (głowa wlewka) oraz stopy wlewka. Jako kryterium oceny procesu wydłużania swobodnego w kowadłach płaskich przyjęto mapy rozkładu intensywności odkształcenia.
Źródło:
Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering; 2009, 35, 2; 87-99
1230-2325
2300-8377
Pojawia się w:
Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Basic Types of Silver Payment Ingots in Eastern Europe of 9th-15th Centuries
Podstawowe typy srebrnych grzywien w Europie Wschodniej w IX–XV w.
Autorzy:
Shtalenkow, Ilya
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2090077.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
silver payment ingot
grivna
Novgorod rouble
Eastern Europe
sztabki srebra
grzywny
rubel nowogrodzki
Europa Wschodnia
Źródło:
Wiadomości Numizmatyczne; 2019, 63; 151-163
0043-5155
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Numizmatyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of impurities in feed ingots on the quality of castings made from nickel superalloy IN-713C
Autorzy:
Binczyk, F.
Cwajna, J.
Sozańska, M.
Gradoń, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381414.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
ATD
superalloy
feed ingot
master heat
solidification
non-metallic inclusion
nadstop
wlewek
krzepnięcie
wtrącenie niemetaliczne
Opis:
The paper presents the results of research on the impact of impurities in the feed ingots (master heat) on the precipitation of impurities in the ATD thermal analysis probe castings. This impurities occur mostly inside shrinkage cavities and in interdendritic space. Additionally, insufficient filtration of liquid alloy during pouring promotes the transfer of impurities into the casting. The technology of melting superalloys in vacuum furnace prevents the removal of slag from the surface of molten metal. Because of that, the effective method of quality assessment of feed ingots in order to evaluate the existence of impurities is needed. The effectiveness of ATD analysis in evaluation of purity of feed ingots was researched. In addition the similarities of non-metallic inclusions in feed ingots and in castings were observed.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2013, 13, 4; 5-8
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of Product Quality in the Process of Plastic Consolidation of Fragmented Fractions of the AK11 Alloy
Autorzy:
Wzorek, Ł.
Wolniak, R.
Łyp-Wrońska, K.
Wiewióra, M.
Noga, P.
Wzorek, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352021.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
aluminium alloys
ingots
mechanical properties
quality of the material
Kolman’s method
Opis:
The aim of this publication is to present practical application of the R. Kolman’s quality rating method used in the evaluation of aluminium alloys. The results of studies of the mechanical and physical properties of the three selected test materials are discussed. To find the best material, the quality level of each of the tested materials was assessed using quality ratings proposed by R. Kolman. The results of the conducted analysis have proved that the best material was an AKII MM alloy, i.e. a casting AK11 aluminium alloy from the 4XXX series.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 2; 667-672
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Properties of 7xxx Series Alloys Formed by Alloying Additions
Autorzy:
Kwak, Z.
Rzadkosz, S.
Garbacz-Klempka, A.
Perek-Nowak, M.
Krok, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382838.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
variation of the properties
quality of ingots
Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy
microstructure
jakość wlewków
stop Al-Zn-Mg-Cu
mikrostruktura
Opis:
Currently there is a constant development in the field of aluminium alloys engineering. This results from, i.a., better understanding of the mechanisms that direct strengthening of these alloys and the role of microalloying. Now it is microalloying in aluminum alloys that is receiving a lot of attention. It affects substantially the macro- and microstructure and kinetics of phase transformation influencing the properties during production and its exploitation. 7xxx series aluminum alloys, based on the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system, are high-strength alloys, moreover, the presence of Zr and Sr further increases their strength and improves resistance to cracking. This study aims to present the changes of the properties, depending on the alloy chemical composition and the macro- and microstructure. Therefore, the characteristics in the field of hardness, tensile strength, yield strength and elongation are shown on selected examples. Observations were made on ingot samples obtained by semi-continuous casting, in the homogenized state. Samples were prepared from aluminum alloys in accordance with PN-EN 573-3: 2013. The advantage of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys are undoubtedly good strength, Light-weight and resistance to corrosion. As widening of the already published studies it is sought to demonstrate the repeatability of the physical parameters in the whole volume of the sample.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 2; 59-64
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of metallurgical quality of master heat IN-713C nickel alloy ingots
Autorzy:
Binczyk, F.
Cwajna, J.
Roskosz, S.
Gradoń, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380351.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
analiza termiczna (ATD)
nadstop niklu
krzepnięcie odlewu
wtrącenia niemetaliczne
ATD thermal analysis
nickel superalloy
master heat ingot
solidification
non-metallic inclusions
Opis:
The paper presents the results of evaluation of the metallurgical quality of master heat ingots and of the identification of non-metallic inclusions (oxides of Al., Zr, Hf, Cr, etc.), which have been found in the shrinkage cavities formed in these ingots. The inclusions penetrate into the liquid alloy, and on pouring of mould are transferred to the casting, especially when the filtering system is not sufficiently effective. The specific nature of the melting process of nickel and cobalt alloys, carried out in vacuum induction furnaces, excludes the possibility of alloy refining and slag removal from the melt surface. Therefore, to improve the quality of castings (parts of aircraft engines), it is so important to evaluate the quality of ingots before charging them into the crucible of an induction furnace. It has been proved that one of the methods for rapid quality evaluation is an ATD analysis of the sample solidification process, where samples are taken from different areas of the master heat ingot. The evaluation is based on a set of parameters plotted on the graph of the dT/dt derivative curve during the last stage of the solidification process in a range from TEut to Tsol.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 4; 5-10
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of Thermal Stability of Intermetallic Phases Precipitates in Continuous Ingots of AlCu4MgSi Alloy
Autorzy:
Nuckowski, P. M.
Kondracki, M.
Wróbel, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382300.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
aluminium alloys
phase analysis
high temperature X-ray diffraction
thermal-derivative analysis
stopy aluminium
analiza fazowa
wysokotemperaturowa dyfrakcja rentgenowska
analiza termopochodna
Opis:
The article presents the results of research concerning to AlCu4MgSi alloy ingots produced using horizontal continuous casting process. The presented research was focused on the precise determination of phase composition of the precipitates formed during the solidification of ingots and the analysis of their thermal stability. In order to assess the morphology of precipitates in the AlCu4MgSi alloy, data obtained by using a computer simulation of thermodynamic phenomena were compiled with results obtained using advanced research techniques, i.e. High-temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD), SEM-EDS, Thermal and derivative analysis (TDA) and Glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD OES). SEM observations and analysis of chemical composition in micro-areas showed that the precipitates are mainly intermetallic θ-Al2Cu and β-Mg2Si phases, and also presence of Al19Fe4MnSi2 intermetallic phase was confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. Based on the prepared Thermo-Calc simulation data, high-temperature X-ray diffraction measurements were conducted.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2019, 4; 99-104
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Temperature Fields Heterogeneity in the Tundish on Primary Structure of Continuously Cast Ingots
Wpływ niejednorodności pól temperatury w kadzi pośredniej na strukturę pierwotną wlewków ciągłych
Autorzy:
Pieprzyca, J.
Kudliński, Z.
Merder, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351238.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
steel
steel continuous casting
physical modelling
primary structure
stal
ciągłe odlewanie stali
modelowanie fizyczne
struktura pierwotna
Opis:
The formation of the cast strands’ primary structure is a very complex process in terms of the thermodynamics and physicochemical. It occurs during solidification and crystallization of the liquid steel in the crystallizer and in the secondary cooling zone of the CC device. On the basis of the experience gained in the industry and knowledge arising from theory of metals and alloys solidification it can be concluded, that substantial influence on the shape of cast strands primary structure have the temperature of overheating of the liquid steel above liquidus temperature and solidification velocity. A proper control of those casting parameters allows to obtain the cast strands with desired primary structure. In the one and two-way symmetric devices regulation like this is not problematic, in the multi-way devices - specially in the asymmetric - causes a series of problems. In those devices can occur a major temperature difference in each outlet zone of the tundish working space caused by i.e. the distance length diversity of liquid steel stream from the inlet to each outlet and by disadvantageous layout of liquid steel flow zones (turbulent flow zone, plug flow and dead zones) in working area of tundish. Particularly high values of those diversity can be expected in the asymmetric tundishes. The article presents results of laboratory research - model and industrial regarding impact of the liquid steel overheating temperature, but also heterogeneity of the temperature fields in the tundish on primary structure of the cast strands.
Tworzenie się struktury pierwotnej wlewków ciągłych jest bardzo złożonym, pod względem termodynamicznym i fizykochemicznym procesem. Zachodzi on w trakcie krzepnięcia i krystalizacji ciekłej stali w krystalizatorze i strefie wtórnego chłodzenia urządzenia COS. Na podstawie doświadczeń uzyskanych z praktyki przemysłowej oraz wiedzy wynikającej z teorii krzepnięcia metali i ich stopów można stwierdzić, że istotny wpływ na postać struktury pierwotnej wlewków ciągłych ma temperatura przegrzania ciekłej stali ponad temperaturę likwidus oraz prędkość krzepnięcia. Właściwa regulacja tych parametrów odlewania umożliwia uzyskiwanie wlewków o wymaganej strukturze pierwotnej. O ile w urządzeniach jednożyłowych i dwużyłowych symetrycznych taka regulacja nie stwarza większych problemów, to w urządzeniach wielożyłowych, a szczególnie niesymetrycznych nastręcza szereg problemów. W tego typu urządzeniach mogą wystąpić znaczne różnica temperatury w poszczególnych strefach wylewowych przestrzeni roboczej kadzi pośredniej, spowodowane np. zróżnicowaniem długości drogi dotarcia strumienia ciekłej stali z punktu wlewowego do poszczególnych wylewów i niekorzystnym układem stref przepływu ciekłej stali (strefy przepływu turbulentnego, tłokowego i stref martwych) w przestrzeni roboczej kadzi pośredniej. Szczególnie dużych wartości tych różnic można się spodziewać w kadziach niesymetrycznych. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań laboratoryjnych - modelowych i przemysłowych dotyczących wpływu temperatury przegrzania ciekłej stali oraz niejednorodności pól temperaturowych w kadzi pośredniej na strukturę pierwotną wlewków stalowych.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2015, 60, 1; 227-233
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Influence of Variable Parameters of Horizontal Continuous Casting on the Structure of AlCu4MgSi Alloy Ingots
Autorzy:
Nuckowski, P. M.
Wróbel, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380484.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
metallography
aluminum alloys
continuous casting
structure analysis
X-ray diffraction
phase analysis
metalografia
stopy aluminium
odlewanie ciągłe
analiza struktury
dyfrakcja rentgenowska
analiza fazy
Opis:
The article presents results of research on the influence of variable parameters of horizontal continuous casting on the structure of AlCu4MgSi (EN AW-2017A) alloy ingots. The special character of the process allows for a continuous change of some of its parameters, namely, of the casting speed and of the rate of the cooling fluid flow thorough the crystallizer. These parameters have a significant impact on the crystallization process of the liquid metal. Depending on the cooling rate, intensity of the convection inside the solidifying alloy, and its chemical composition, there may arise some differences in the structure of the cast. In this study, ingots obtained at different casting speeds have been analyzed. The research methodology, based on light microscopy and electron microscopy (SEM), as well as energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), allowed for a thorough examination of the structure of the studied materials. The results were shown that an increase in the ingot casting speed leads to an increase in the average grain surface area.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 1; 196-202
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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