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Tytuł:
Can mouse clicking be seen as involvement in armed conflict? Some notes on the direct participation in hostilities in cyberspace
Can mouse clicking be seen as involvement in armed conflict? Some notes on the direct participation in hostilities in cyberspace
Autorzy:
Lewandowski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/684880.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Humanitarian law
armed conflicts
cyberspace
Opis:
Contemporary armed conflicts are increasingly based on new technologies. These technologies enable to conduct hostilities from a distance, often eliminate the human factor from the battlefield. Nowadays, cyberspace created by the Internet allows to frame the idea of armed conflict outside the traditional recognition of the fight between belligerent armed forces. This article addresses issues of the direct participation of hostilities in cyberspace. In the first part it discusses technological development and its impact on the activation of the civil factor during armed conflicts. In the second part by analysing the current practice of cyber conflicts it refers to the concept of direct participation in hostilities and its constituent elements as a threshold of harm, direct causation, belligerent nexus at the cybernetic level. The third and final part examines the possibility of the loss of protection, in particular, it addresses the issues related to its temporal nature and the question of means and methods of attacking civilians involved in cyber warfare.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2013, 2; 195-204
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Współdziałanie wojsk Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów w pierwszym etapie walk kampanii cudnowskiej
Cooperation of Polish armed forcesduring first part of hostilities of Cudnovian campaign
Autorzy:
Bomanowski, Bogusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/968506.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
This researchers are intended to comprehend and put under analyses a set of modes of cooperation performed by different military units under Polish command during first part of the cudnovian campaign, including hostilities under Kutyszcze, Lubar and during the retreat of Moscovian- -Cossack army on the path to Cudnow. A proper campaign became my choice as a subject of researches, because indigenous and unique Polish-Lithuanian art of War achieved very high level of development in this period, perfected by great hetmans since the end of 16th century. It gives a good background to examine methods of cooperation by different types of forces in the army of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Conclusions made in the wake of analyses devoted to the first part of this campaign could be formed in to four sets. 1. Modular and diverse structure of Polish army amended by large group of Crimean light cavalry is a flexible and versatile power. It gives a large superiority over Moscovian-Cossack forces. Commanders on different levels of command are able to create ad hoc joint task force and to variegate cooperation modes between them. 2. Cooperation is predominant quality of Polish forces during vast majority of sufficient actions in this campaign. Diacritically large spectrum of available types of specialized units causes a mixture of capabilities and complicated scenarios of cooperation, which is used with great outcome to step up the effectiveness of Polish army. Despite confrontation with very strong discipline of Moscovian-Cossack forces, their sustainable, enduring defense, desperate brave in close combat and good command, there are only one dominant and pervasive force – Polish army and Tatars were creative enough, to bring their opponents to the passive role. 3. Some weak moments in polish-tatar cooperation could be also observed. Especially Tatars are the reason of some havoc in collective actions. They attack without permission (battle of Kutyszcze) or withhold their units to avoid losses, making Poles to fight alone (by the Ibr river). 4. Ad hoc although not hasty actions are performed alongside with disciplined methodical operations. Commanders of small units (under regimental level: banners, squadrons etc.) are creative but also it is visible, that among all polish forces officers are provided with a dependable background of unified procedures which they choose to operate in a wide spectrum of tactical situations. Hostilities started by the charge of hussars under Wilczkowski and continued by action of musketeers is a god example here. It is a modern army with standardized roles and procedures, but not bounded with it. Enthusiasm of soldiers and their readiness to support each other is showed by units, who spontaneously engage the cooperation.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica; 2015, 95
0208-6050
2450-6990
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wars in the later 21st century: Forecast developments in the methods of warfare
Autorzy:
Górnikiewicz, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576523.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-24
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
forecasting
future warfare
military technologies
dual-use technologies
hostilities
Opis:
This paper attempts to forecast the future of warfare methods in the forthcoming decades of the 21st century. The predictions reflect on the current trends observed in the development of military and civil (dual-use) technologies and changes in thought constructs developed for hostilities. The methods of warfare at the turn of the 21st century are likely to reflect the technological evolution of the modern age. Considering the present-day trends, there is a good probability that our technology-driven lives will transform people into hybrids of biological organisms merged with the technological environment, integrated with the body. Therefore, hostile action against human soldiers could be taken on three major levels: the biological organism, the mass communication technology integrated into the body, and the mental level – both in the conscious and the subconscious sphere. The study into how the soldier’s mental sphere can be influenced to anticipate and shape behaviours may contribute to further research on the third level impact on enemy soldiers. The conclusions formulated in this analysis may carry significant implications for the works on an innovative methodology of the future warfare, accounting for the technological progress in the next decades of the 21st century, and a methodology for countering future military threats.
Źródło:
Security and Defence Quarterly; 2019, 27, 5; 21-31
2300-8741
2544-994X
Pojawia się w:
Security and Defence Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Manifestations of post-traumatic stress in military personnel after participating in hostilities in the Russian-Ukrainian war
Autorzy:
Prykhodko, Ihor
Matsehora, Yanina
Kryvokon, Nataliya
Hunbin, Konstantin
Kovalchuk, Oleksandr
Antusheva, Nataliia
Filonenko, Lesia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29520466.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
hostilities
military personnel
post-traumatic stress
Opis:
Introduction and aim. Since the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian war, many Ukrainian military personnel began to show post-traumatic stress (PTS). The purpose of the article is to identify the features of PTS exhibited in different age groups in trauma-exposed military personnel during their participation in the psychological recovery program (“Invincibility Program”). Material and methods. Ukrainian Defense Forces military personnel (n=546 males, between 20 and 60 years of age) participated in this study. All participants were divided into three age groups. Determination of the features of PTS in military personnel was carried out using psychodiagnostic tests. Results. In each age group, more than half of the participants in the “Invincibility Program” had PTS characteristics such as the sub-threshold or clinical manifestations of PTSD, adjustment disorders, low resilience to combat mental trauma, and various sleep disorders combined with somatic complaints. The data showed higher features of PTS in the younger participants and they decreased in both the 2 older sets of participants. Conclusion. The age-related features of the manifestation of PTS in military personnel must be taken into account when developing psychological recovery programs: for younger participants, such events should be carried out longer and more intensively.
Źródło:
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; 2023, 4; 776-784
2544-2406
2544-1361
Pojawia się w:
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O działaniach zbrojnych Grupy Operacyjnej Kawalerii gen. Władysława Andersa w końcowym okresie kampanii wrześniowej 1939 roku
Hostilities of Operational Group commanded by General Władysław Anders at the end of the September Campaign in 1939
Autorzy:
Służałek, Dominik
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/556856.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Opis:
1st September 1939 German troops invaded Poland. „Modlin” Army commanded by General Emil Przedrzymirski-Krukowicz started fighting in the Mława region. Nowogródek Cavalry Brigade fought the first fight near Narzym. But the most important struggles took place at the end of the September Campaign. 12th September Major-General Juliusz Rómmel created the Group of Cavalry under the command of General Władysław Anders, consisting of Nowogródek Cavalry Brigade, Volhynian Cavalry Brigade and the remnants of Borderland Cavalry Brigade. That same day Operational Group commanded by General Anders was ordered to attack Mińsk Mazowiecki and Kałuszyn. 12th September the Polish-French military alliance was broken as well. Operational Group commanded by General Anders joined to the Group of Army under the command of Major-General Stefan Dąb-Biernacki on 15th September. 17th September the Red Army invaded Poland. 19th September Operational Group commanded by General Anders went to the area of Maciejów–Kraśniczyn to support (from the North) Operational Group under the command of General Kraszewski. Then Nowogródek Cavalry Brigade fought in Suchowola, Krasnobród and Tomaszów Lubelski. It defeated the 28th German Infantry Division near Broszki and fought at Morańce on 26th September. Nowogródek Cavalry Brigade was the only one that has received permission to march further to South (on the basis of the agreement with Germany) and on 27th September took Chlipie village after struggles with the 99th Division of the Red Army. The last fight with the Soviets was held by the soldiers of General Anders in the Rajtarowice region. Most of the soldiers were killed by the Ukrainians, or murdered by the Soviets at Katyń, Starobielsk and Kharkov. General Anders was imprisoned by the Soviets. He was released in June 1941 as a result of German attack on the Soviet Union. Operational Group of Cavalry commanded by General Władysław Anders fulfi lled its duty to the Motherland and honourable fought for freedom.
1 września 1939 r. wojska niemieckie zaatakowały Polskę. Dla Armii „Modlin” gen. Emila Przedrzymirskiego-Krukowicza walki rozpoczęły się w rejonie Mławy. Nowogródzka Brygada Kawalerii pierwszą walkę stoczyła pod Narzymiem. Jednak najistotniejsze jej zmagania odbyły się w końcowym okresie kampanii wrześniowej. 12 września gen. dyw. Juliusz Rómmel utworzył Grupę Operacyjną Kawalerii pod dowództwem gen. Władysława Andersa, składającą się z Nowogródzkiej Brygady Kawalerii, Wołyńskiej Brygady Kawalerii i resztek Kresowej Brygady Kawalerii. Tego samego dnia Grupa Operacyjna gen. Andersa otrzymała rozkaz ataku na Mińsk Mazowiecki i Kałuszyn. Również 12 września rozpadł się polsko-francuski sojusz wojskowy. 15 września Grupa Operacyjna gen. Andersa dołączyła do Grupy Armii gen. dyw. Stefana Dęba-Biernackiego. 17 września Armia Czerwona zaatakowała Polskę. 19 września Grupa Operacyjna gen. Andersa wyruszyła w rejon Maciejów–Kraśniczyn dla wsparcia od północy Grupy Operacyjnej gen. Kraszewskiego. Następnie Nowogródzka Brygada Kawalerii walczyła w Suchowoli, Krasnobrodzie i Tomaszowie Lubelskim. 26 września rozbiła 28. niemiecką Dywizję Piechoty pod Broszkami oraz walczyła pod Morańcami. Na podstawie porozumienia ze stroną niemiecką Nowogródzka Brygada Kawalerii jako jedyna brygada otrzymała pozwolenie na dalszy marsz na południe. 27 września zajęła wieś Chlipie po walkach z 99. Dywizją Armii Czerwonej. Ostatnia walka żołnierzy gen. Andersa odbyła się z Sowietami w rejonie Rajtarowic. Większość żołnierzy została zabita przez Ukraińców albo zamordowana przez Sowietów w Katyniu, Starobielsku i Charkowie. Gen. Anders trafił do niewoli sowieckiej, z której wydostał się w czerwcu 1941 r. Grupa Operacyjna Kawalerii gen. Andersa godnie wypełniła obowiązek wobec ojczyzny i walczyła z honorem o wolność.
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka; 2010, 1-2; 131-137
1899-6264
2451-0718
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Konwencja Haska z 1954 r. a konflikt na Bliskim Wschodzie
THE HAGUE CONVENTION OF 1954 AND THE HOSTILITIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST
Autorzy:
Sieroszewski, Władysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538785.pdf
Data publikacji:
1973
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
Konwencja Haska
ratyfikowanie Konwencji Haskiej
„wojna sześciodniowa”
ochrona zespołu Starego Miasta Jerozolimy
zwoje papirusowe znad Morza Martwego
ołtarz z Banyas
Opis:
The first practical application of the Hague Convention of 1954 during hostilities in the Middle East is analysed by the author who at the same time reminds that there were no possibilities for intervention by UNESCO for the sake of cultural property protection during the earlier armed conflicts as the Vietnam War or the Suez conflict of 1958. At the end of 1967 and in the beginnings of 1968 on initiative of Director General of UNESCO and in agreement with the parties interested the Commissioner Generals have been appointed to the Government of Israel and to Governments of the four Arab countries, i.e. Egypt, the Kingdom of Jordan, Syria and Lebanon. At the same time during six years of hostilities the Executive Council and the Conference General of UNESCO were several times dealing with claims submitted by Jordan and the other countries with respect to behaviour of authorities of Israel with regard to cultural property in territories under occupation. The above claims concerned the illegal demolitions, archaeological excavations, transfers of historic monuments and the like Both Executive Council and Conference General during these years took several resolution’s disapproving the measures taken by Israel and demanding the cease of such practice which unfortunately have proved unsuccessful. More successful proved to be activities of Commissioner Generals in their respective places of action. Due to their e ffective work and authority they gained as a result of their activities it was possible to settle or at least to clear a number of disputable cases and to incline the occupational authorities to resign of some measures intended for changing the character and townscape of Jerusalem. From among such cases should, above all, be mentioned here that of the so-called Dead Sea Scrolls which originally were transferred from the Rockefeller Museum to the Museum of Israel and later, after conservation, have been almost completely returned. In quite similar way was settled the case of an altar taken from Banyas, Syria that after some time has been sent back to its proper place. Much effort was devoted to clear the matter of a fire of a widely known Al-Aksa mosque which, as has been later stated, was burnt out not as a result of intended setting on fire but as a result of failure of electrical installation. The above mosque is now rebuilt by WAKF, a Moslem Religious Foundation acting in agreement with the Corporation of Jerusalem. Less successful proved the endeavours aimed at inclining the Israel archaeologists to resign of excavations in the area of Jerusalem’s Old Town and of demolition of some objects in the same area which might lead to disturbances in the traditional landscape of the Old Town Quarter. Summing up his considerations the author comes to a conclusion that the Hague Convention, though not entirely free of certain lacks and obscurities and unable to ensure the full protection to cultural property during the hostilities, can palliate some their results that as a final result may be of importance both for cultural heritage of countries involved in a war conflict and the whole mankind as well.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 1973, 3; 170-175
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Piłka ręczna w województwie białostockim od zakończenia działań wojennych w 1944 r. do reformy administracyjnej w Polsce w 1975 r.
Handball in the Bialystok province from the end of hostilities in 1944 to the administrative reform in Poland in 1975
Autorzy:
Nowik, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/465028.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
piłka ręczna, Jerzy Melcer, Białystok, medal olimpijski
handball
Jerzy Melcer
Bialystok
Olympic medal
Opis:
Cel badań. Celem pracy było przedstawienie nieznanych wydarzeń związanych ze zdobyciem medalu olimpijskiego w Montrealu przez białostoczanina Jerzego Melcera. Autor opisał również tradycje piłki ręcznej w Białymstoku, a także najistotniejsze problemy dotyczące uwarunkowań tej dyscypliny na omawianym terenie bezpośrednio przed igrzyskami w Montrealu. Materiał i metody. Materiał źródłowy stanowiła głównie prasa regionalna, w której znalazło się sporo informacji na temat Jerzego Melcera. Ponadto wykorzystano badania z zakresu historii piłki ręcznej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem okresu do roku 1976, a także wywiad. Zastosowano także metodę analizy źródeł historycznych. Wyniki. Zdobycie medalu olimpijskiego było możliwe dzięki zmianom w organizacji pracy Związku Piłki Ręcznej w Białymstoku (Botuliński), systemom treningowym w reprezentacji Polski (Czerwiński) i klubie AZS Białystok (Wollny) oraz pojawieniu się sportowca o ponadprzeciętnych umiejętnościach i jego ciężkiej pracy (Melcer). Wnioski. Sukces sportowy stanowi rezultat współistnienia wielu czynników. W opisanym przypadku były to aspekty organizacyjne, nowoczesne metody treningowe oraz talent sportowy.
Background. The aim of the research was to present unknown events related to winning an Olympic medal at the Olympic Games in Montreal by a Bialystok inhabitant Jerzy Melcer. At the same time, the author intended to show the traditions of handball in the city and the most important problems related to the state of the discipline in Bialystok immediately before the Montreal Games. Material and methods. The source material was mainly regional press, which significantly reported on Jerzy Melcer. In addition, the author made use of studies referring to handball history, with particular consideration of the period up to 1976, as well as an interview. The method of historical sources analysis was applied in the paper. Results. Winning an Olympic medal was a result of changes in the organization of the work of the Handball Association in Bialystok (Botuliński), the training systems in the Polish national team (Czerwiński) and the AZS Bialystok club (Wollny), and the appearance of an athlete with above-average abilities and his hard work (Melcer). Conclusions. Sports success is a result of many factors. The described case involved organizational activities, modern methods of training work, and a sports talent.
Źródło:
Rozprawy Naukowe Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu; 2018, 62; 120-129
0239-4375
Pojawia się w:
Rozprawy Naukowe Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 21

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