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    Wyświetlanie 1-16 z 16
    Tytuł:
    Zapis zmian zachodzących w środowisku przez sosnę zwyczajną oraz sosnę Banksa
    Record of the changes in environment by Scots pine and Jack pine trees
    Autorzy:
    Wilczyński, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979308.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    basal area increment
    growth reduction
    pollution
    air temperature
    dendroclimatology
    Opis:
    The aim of the study was to investigate how industrial pollutants and change of thermal conditions of winter season in the second half of the 20th century affected the basal area increment (BAI) and the climatic signal in the BAI chronologies of Pinus sylvestris and Pinus banksiana. Samples were collected from 21 trees of both species growing in the Chrzanów Forest District (50°20' N, 19°47' E) which is located between the Upper Silesian and Krakow Industrial Regions. Two cores were taken from each tree. Tree−ring widths were measured at the cores and the BAI for each year in the period 1930−2016 was calculated. The growth reductions of both pine species in the years 1951−1970, increasing of diversity of growth reactions from year to year and also reduction of strength of climatic signal in the period 1963−1994 may have been caused by industry pollution. The reduction of wood growth, the increase of the diversity of short−term incremental reactions and also the reduction of strength of the climatic signal were greater in Jack pine. This indicates that Scots pine was more resistant to pollution. As an industrial production declined and environmentally friendly technologies were introduced in the 1990s homogeneity of growth reactions and strength of dependence between BAI and climate parameters in both species increased. A significant increase in the strength of the relationship between January temperature and BAI of Scots pine and Jack pine was observed in the early 2000s. This may suggest that the vegetation season starts already in January in the study area.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2020, 164, 07; 583-593
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Activities of nitrogen metabolism-related enzymes in cucumber leaves infected with Pseudomonas syringae pv.lachrymans
    Autorzy:
    Gajewska, E.
    Kuzniak, E.
    Naliwajski, M.
    Sapinska, S.
    Wielanek, M.
    Sklodowska, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/81033.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    conference
    bacterial pathogen
    Pseudomonas syringae pv.lachrymans
    leaf spot
    cucumber leaf
    leaf infection
    nitrogen metabolism
    growth reduction
    Źródło:
    BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology; 2013, 94, 3
    0860-7796
    Pojawia się w:
    BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Response of maize [Zea mays L.] to rimsulfuron under salt conditions
    Autorzy:
    Sacala, E
    Demczuk, A.
    Michalski, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/56629.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
    Tematy:
    sulphonylurea
    Zea mays
    agriculture
    Titus 25 DF herbicide
    photosynthetic pigment
    herbicide
    protein
    salinity
    salt condition
    growth reduction
    rimsulfuron
    maize
    Opis:
    Investigations were carried out to determine the possible interaction between salinity (60 mmol*dm-3 NaCl) and phytotoxicity of herbicide Titus 25 DF (sulfonylurea herbicide containing active ingredient rimsulfuron). The herbicide was added to the nutrient solution at two concentrations - 1 or 100 nmol*dm-3. After 7 days of cultivation in the nutrient solution determined were the growth parameters and some biochemical compounds (photosynthetic pigments, total protein and free amino compounds content). The combined action of 1 nmol*dm-3 rimsulfuron and salt caused a reduction in plant biomass accumulation, but this reduction was due to the salt itself. In the presence of 100 nmol*dm-3 rimsulfuron, growth inhibition of maize roots was very high and salinity did not modify herbicide toxicity. However, reduction in maize shoots growth equalled the sum of the reductions caused by each particular factor applied separately (additive effect). The reduction in shoot fresh weight reached 64%. The investigated stress factors induced a significant increase in amino compounds, with the exception of maize roots grown under NaCl plus 100 nmol-dm-3 rimsulfuron. The concentration of total protein in maize roots diminished under NaCl and 100 nmol*dm-3 rimsulfuron, although in the other cases, it did not change distinctly in comparison to the control. All factors, with the exception of NaCl, induced a slight increase in protein contents in maize leaves. Stress factors did not change significantly the total chlorophyll concentration, however, carotenoid content was markedly reduced. Nevertheless, the combined action of 100 nmol*dm-3 rimsulfuron and NaCl caused a 10% increase in carotenoid content as compared to the control plants. In conclusion, salinity did not change the toxicity of the herbicide applied in low dose (1 nmol*dm-3), but it did increase herbicide toxicity at high concentration (100 nmol*dm-3) regarding the maize shoots.
    Źródło:
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2003, 72, 2
    0001-6977
    2083-9480
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Extraction of eucalyptus oil as reduction of bacterial growth in drinking water
    Autorzy:
    Dubey, A.K.
    Sahu, O.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11148.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    extraction
    eucalyptus oil
    reduction
    bacterial growth
    drinking water
    composition
    essential oil
    growth rate
    microbe
    Opis:
    Drinking water is acting as life line for living thing on the Earth, without that no life. Due to global industrialization availability of pure water is one of the major issues. The effluent are directly or indirectly discharge through the river stream, which affect the ground as well as sea water and climatically cycle water reach to us. In that condition medicine are required for quire purpose. In the world so many plants and herbs are available which are used as antimicrobial and sources of medicines. Today the large number of drugs in use is derived from plants. The important advantages for therapeutic uses of medicinal plants in various ailments are their safety besides being economical, effective and easy availability. In this regard’s herb plant Eucalyptus extracted oil is used as antibacterial agent to treat the drinking water.
    Źródło:
    International Letters of Natural Sciences; 2014, 11, 2
    2300-9675
    Pojawia się w:
    International Letters of Natural Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Transport carbon emissions reduction efficiency and economic growth: a perspective from nighttime lights remote sensing
    Autorzy:
    Yan, Yuxiang
    Li, Jianing
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311799.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
    Tematy:
    transport
    carbon emissions reduction
    control of emissions
    data envelopment analysis
    nighttime lights
    redukcja emisji dwutlenku węgla
    światła nocne
    teledetekcja
    Opis:
    The carbon emissions are essential for climate change and 26% of the world's carbon emissions are related to transport. But focusing only on fewer carbon emissions might be biased at times. In order to keep a balance between economic growth and carbon emissions reduction, this paper evaluated the performance of carbon control by considering the input factors and output factors together, which is more comprehensive and reliable. Firstly, this paper has calculated the transport carbon emissions reduction efficiency (TCERE) based on the model of super SBM with undesirable outputs. The input factors include capital stock, labor force and fossil energy consumption. And the output factors include gross domestic product and carbon dioxide emissions. Then the influencing factors of TCERE were analyzed using econometric models. The economic growth, transport structure, technology level and population density were posited as influencing factors. This paper creatively proposed the per capita nighttime lights brightness as a new indicator for economic growth. An empirical study was conducted in East China from 2013 to 2017, and this study has found that the relationship between TCERE and economic growth shows an U-shape. Besides, transport structure and technology level both show a positive impact on TCERE. The implications of our findings are that: (a) The TCERE declines slower in East China, giving us reason to believe that the improvement of TCERE is predictable; (b) When economic growth exceeds the turning point, economic growth is conducive to the improvement of TCERE. We could develop the economy boldly and confidently; (c) Increased investment in railway and waterway transportation infrastructure projects is needed to strengthen the structure of the railway and waterway transportation systems. Furthermore, the general public and businesses should be encouraged to prefer rail or river transportation; (d) Investment in scientific and technological innovation should be enhanced in order to produce more efficient energy-use methods.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Transport; 2023, 66, 2; 21--32
    0866-9546
    2300-8830
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Transport
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Reduction of Industrial Nickel Oxides with a Hydrogen Bearing Gas Between 523 and 673K
    Autorzy:
    Plascencia, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352276.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    nickel oxides reduction
    hydrogen reduction
    Avrami-Erofeyev kinetic model
    nucleation and growth
    activation energy
    Opis:
    Reduction of three industrial nickel oxides (Goro, Tokyo and Sinter 75) with a hydrogen bearing gas was revisited in the temperature interval from 523 to 673 K (250 to 400°C). A pronounced incubation period is observed in the temperature interval tested. This period decreases as the reduction temperature increases. Thermogravimetric data of these oxides were fitted using the Avrami-Erofeyev kinetic model. The reduction of these oxides is controlled by a nucleation and growth mechanism of metallic nickel over the oxides structure. Rate kinetic constants were re-evaluated and the activation energy for the reduction of these oxides was re-calculated.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 2; 781-789
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Metal Toxicity Reduction on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Raphanus sp. and Arabidopsis sp. Using Date Seed Biochar
    Autorzy:
    Al-Tarawneh, Amjad
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173280.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    biochar
    toxicity
    heavy metals
    Raphanus sp.
    Arabidopsis sp.
    seed germination
    seedling growth
    Opis:
    The date seeds (DS) biochar produced at 550°C was found to be appropriate for remediation of metal-contaminated water. This was evident in the data, which showed that applying the biochar to Raphanus sp. and Arabidopsis sp. reduced metal stress and toxicity. The LC50 of all tested metals solutions on seed germination was increased significantly (P<0.05) in Raphanus sp. by 10.4, 2.3, 5, 1.8, and 3 folds, respectively, for Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and metals combination, and by 5, 3.4, 6, 5.5, and 2.5 folds in Arabidopsis sp. For seedling growth, the DS biochar enhanced the LC50 significantly (P<0.05) of the same metals in Raphanus sp. by 9.6, 9.2, 13.8, 12.1, and 1.6 folds, and in Arabidopsis sp. by 7, 3, 2.3, 2.9, and 2.7 folds, respectively. The LC of all metals was increased by 1.5 to 8 times and 1.5 to 12 times, respectively, for the seed germination and seedling growth of Raphanus sp. and Arabidopsis sp. Both plants were able to grow shoots at higher metal concentrations when the DS biochar was employed, as compared to the case when no DS biochar was utilized. In terms of shoot length, similar results were achieved, with the DS biochar application significantly enhancing shoot length (P<0.05), as compared to the case when no biochar was applied. Despite the fact that Arabidopsis sp. was more sensitive to metals than Raphanus sp., both plants raised their RGR and TI and reduced their phytotoxicity values in all metals following the DS biochar application, and sprouted at higher metal concentrations than before. These findings introduce a successful eco-friendly adsorbent for metal removal from aquatic environments, paving the way for more investigations.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2022, 23, 7; 67--82
    2299-8993
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Acromegaly: the effect of somatostatin analogues on tumour volume shrinkage
    Autorzy:
    Witek, Przemysław
    Gutowska, Marta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1064786.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Medical Education
    Tematy:
    acromegaly
    growth hormone
    insulin-like growth factor 1
    lanreotide
    long-acting somatostatin analogues
    octreotide
    pasireotide
    somatotroph pituitary adenoma
    tumour volume reduction
    Opis:
    Acromegaly is a rare disease, caused by growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion and secondarily elevated insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) level. Nearly all patients with acromegaly suffer from somatotroph pituitary adenoma. The main goal of treatment is to normalise both GH and IGF-1 levels, which reduces symptoms, complications and mortality. Transsphenoidal selective adenomectomy performed by an experienced neurosurgeon is the first-line therapy. Therapy with somatostatin analogues (SSA) is used as a neoadjuvant treatment prior to surgery and in a persistent disease following the surgery. The long-acting somatostatin analogues reduce serum GH/IGF-1 levels and tumour volume. In this clinical review, mechanisms and role of 1st and 2nd generation somatostatin analogues in the treatment of patients with acromegaly are presented, with particular emphasis on the effects on somatotroph pituitary adenoma volume reduction.
    Źródło:
    OncoReview; 2016, 6, 4; A162-168
    2450-6125
    Pojawia się w:
    OncoReview
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    China’s achievements in poverty reduction
    Chińskie osiągnięcia w ograniczaniu ubóstwa
    Autorzy:
    Pęciak, Renata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1182406.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    China
    poverty
    poverty alleviation
    economic growth
    Chiny
    ubóstwo
    zmniejszanie ubóstwa
    wzrost gospodarczy
    Opis:
    W 1978 r. w Chinach prawie 250 mln obywateli żyło poniżej krajowej linii ubóstwa, a wskaźnik ubóstwa wynosił 30,7%. W 2018 r. wskaźnik ten wyniósł 0,6%. Celem artykułu jest omówienie realizowanej przez władze chińskie strategii redukcji tego zjawiska. Dane statyczne obejmujące okres od początku reform gospodarczych do lat 2018-2019 pokazują proces, jaki dokonał się w tej dziedzinie. Mimo że głównym celem reform podjętych w 1978 r. przez Deng Xiaopinga była poprawa warunków życia, w początkowym okresie nie wdrożono żadnej polityki celowej. Od połowy lat 80. XX wieku sukcesywne i ukierunkowane działania, a także modyfikacja i dostosowywanie wdrażanych programów pozwoliły ograniczyć ubóstwo, szczególnie na obszarach wiejskich. Mimo ewidentnych sukcesów Chiny stoją przed poważnymi wyzwaniami. Konieczne jest precyzyjne ukierunkowanie polityki na rzecz walki z ubóstwem, a także koordynacja strategii i konfrontowanie jej z praktyką.
    Źródło:
    Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu; 2020, 64, 12; 71-86
    1899-3192
    Pojawia się w:
    Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Chromium Resistant Bacteria : Impact on Plant Growth in Soil Microcosm
    Autorzy:
    Sayel, H.
    Joutey, N. T.
    Ghachtouli, N. E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/205154.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    microcosm
    soil
    bacteria
    Cr(VI) reduction
    plant
    bioremediation
    mikrokosm
    gleba
    bakterie
    redukcja chromu
    rośliny
    bioremediacja
    Opis:
    Three chromium resistant bacterial strains, Pseudomonas fl uorescens PF28, Enterobacter amnigenus EA31 and Enterococcus gallinarum S34 isolated from tannery waste contaminated soil were used in this study. All strains could resist a high concentration of K2Cr2O7 that is up to 300 mg/L. The effect of these strains on clover plants (Trifolium campestre) in the presence of two chromium salts CrCl3 and K2Cr2O7 was studied in soil microcosm. Application of chromium salts adversely affected seed germination, root and shoot length. Bacterial inoculation improved the growth parameters under chromate stress when compared with non inoculated respective controls. There was observed more than 50% reduction of Cr(VI) in inoculated soil microcosms, as compared to the uninoculated soil under the same conditions. The results obtained in this study are signifi cant for the bioremediation of chromate pollution.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Environmental Protection; 2014, 40, 2; 81-89
    2083-4772
    2083-4810
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Environmental Protection
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Studies on trinexapac-ethyl dose reduction by combined application with adjuvants in spring barley
    Autorzy:
    Miziniak, Wojciech
    Matysiak, Kinga
    Kaczmarek, Sylwia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/961641.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    ammonium sulphate
    organosilicone surfactant
    plant growth regulator
    spray
    liquid ph
    yield components
    Opis:
    Trinexapac-ethyl is a popular plant growth regulator used in various crops, mostly due to its unique anti-lodging properties. Recently it has been found that this substance is also active in stress protection, which may increase its importance in the coming years. This paper presents a new approach to its application. Trinexapac-ethyl belongs to the cyclohexanedione class of herbicide chemistry, thus it is structurally similar to common graminicides frequently used with adjuvants. Th is study examines the effects of the application of trinexapac-ethyl with adjuvants. Field trials were conducted in the Institute of Plant Protection in Poznań (Poland), in 2014 and 2015. Trinexapac-ethyl was applied at recommended (0.4 l · ha–1) and reduced doses (0.2 l · ha–1) with organosilicone surfactant, ammonium sulphate and citric acid on spring barley. Stem shortening, yield components and grain quality were examined. The results of the study confirmed the possibility of dose reduction of trinexapac-ethyl by way of combined application with citric acid that reduced the pH of spray liquid or with ammonium sulphate without aff ecting its effectiveness. The greatest stem height reduction was observed after the application of a full dose of trinaxapac ethyl and its reduced dose in the mixture with citric acid or ammonium sulphate. Depending on the year of study, the eff ectiveness of the substances on stem reduction ranged from 5.6 to 16.5%. The tested mixtures did not have any significant impact on the number of grains per ear or the yield of spring barley. Trinexapac-ethyl and its mixtures with adjuvants did not influence the crude protein and starch in spring barley grains.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Plant Protection Research; 2017, 57, 1
    1427-4345
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Plant Protection Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Threshold effect of economic growth on domestic waste production : evidence from China
    Autorzy:
    Yang, Li
    Wang, Hong-Yan
    Yi, Lan
    Shi, Xiang-Zhen
    Deng, Wei
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203127.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    domestic waste
    per capita GDP
    source reduction
    panel threshold regression model
    Opis:
    Since the implementation of the compulsory sorting of domestic waste policy in China, the participation rate of residents is low, which leads to the unsatisfactory result of terminal reduction of domestic waste. Therefore, the problem of domestic waste reduction still needs to rely on source reduction. Based on the panel data of 29 provincial capitals in China from 2009 to 2018, this study conducts a comprehensive threshold effect test on per capita GDP and other influencing factors of domestic waste production, conducts panel threshold regression for the factors with threshold value, and explores the nonlinear relationship between per capita GDP and domestic waste production under the influence of different threshold variables. The results show that when the urban population density is less than 272 people/km2, the increase of 1% of per capita GDP will lead to a decrease of 0.251% in the domestic waste production, otherwise, it will lead to an increase of 0.249%; when the per capita consumption expenditure is less than the threshold value of 10,260 yuan/year, the influence coefficient of per capita GDP is 0.155, which increases to 0.207 above the threshold. When the share of tertiary industry is taken as the threshold variable, the two threshold values are 61% and 71% respectively. Through the analysis of control variables, it has been found that population size and amount of courier per capita have significant positive effects on domestic waste production, while gas permeability and the number of non-governmental organizations have significant negative effects.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Environmental Protection; 2022, 48, 4; 13--24
    2083-4772
    2083-4810
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Environmental Protection
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Macroeconomic coordination: as an approach for poverty reduction
    Koordynacja makroekonomiczna: jako podejście do redukcji ubóstwa
    Autorzy:
    Amaliah, Ima
    Aspiranti, Tasya
    Nurhayati, Nunung
    Mafruhat, Ade Yunita
    Numan, A. Harits
    Shaharuddin, Amir
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2021054.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Częstochowska
    Tematy:
    poverty
    macroeconomic policies
    economic growth
    ubóstwo
    polityka makroekonomiczna
    wzrost gospodarczy
    Opis:
    This study aims to analyze macroeconomic policies simultaneously to minimize the tradeoff impact of economic growth and inflation to reduce poverty. The analysis used is theoretical and simultaneously tests the model in Indonesia using annual data for the period 1990-2020 to show that poverty reduction is correlated with the coordination of monetary and fiscal policies. This study finds that poverty is simultaneously affected by economic growth, money supply and inflation, while Foreign Direct Investment has no statistically significant effect on poverty. Therefore, policymakers should implement a macro-fundamental policy mix that focuses on price stability, followed by policy adjustments for all sectors to support the targets set by the Central Bank.
    Niniejsze badanie ma na celu jednoczesną analizę polityk makroekonomicznych w celu zminimalizowania kompromisowego wpływu wzrostu gospodarczego i inflacji na zmniejszenie ubóstwa. Wykorzystana analiza ma charakter teoretyczny i jednocześnie testuje model w Indonezji z wykorzystaniem danych rocznych za okres 1990-2020, aby pokazać, że redukcja ubóstwa jest skorelowana z koordynacją polityki monetarnej i fiskalnej. Badanie to stwierdza, że na ubóstwo wpływa jednocześnie wzrost gospodarczy, podaż pieniądza i inflacja, podczas gdy bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne nie mają statystycznie istotnego wpływu na ubóstwo. Dlatego decydenci powinni wdrożyć makrofundamentalną kombinację polityki, która koncentruje się na stabilności cen, a następnie dostosowaniu polityki dla wszystkich sektorów, aby wspierać cele wyznaczone przez Bank Centralny.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Management Studies; 2021, 23, 2; 42-56
    2081-7452
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Management Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Assessment of the Impact of the Reduction of the Gaseous Emissions on Growth in Poland. Assumptions and Preliminary Results
    Ocena wpływu redukcji emisji gazowych na wzrost gospodarczy Polski. Założenia i wstępne wyniki
    Autorzy:
    Gadomski, Jan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1050543.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-09-30
    Wydawca:
    Główny Urząd Statystyczny
    Tematy:
    economic modelling
    economic policy
    technological change
    environmental policy
    modelowanie ekonomiczne
    polityka ekonomiczna
    zmiana technologii
    polityka ochrony środowiska
    Opis:
    The paper presents a model aimed at assessing the process of technology conversion imposed by limits of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. These limits are being introduced in order to stop climate warming, but by themselves they also inevitably curb economic growth. The change signifies choosing cleaner but economically less efficient technologies. In effect, the nature of the long-term economic growth is thus changed from a relatively free growth constrained by the availability of resources, production factors and technical progress, to that codetermined by the new constraint: the emission limit. The analysis is performed by using a model based on assumptions different from those applied in the CGE modelling. The model consists of the following sectors: a) consuming (both households and public); b) producing non-energy goods purchased by the consuming sector; c) producing intermediary non-energy inputs used in all producing sectors; d) producing energy consumed in all sectors; and e) producing investment (capital) goods purchased by all producing sectors. All economic agents pursue a common goal of achieving maximum total discounted consumption over the whole period of analysis, while the outputs in sectors and technologies, investment in sectors and technologies, as well as net foreign trade in sectors are decision variables. The model is solved using linear optimization. The model results constitute a benchmark; no economic tools are indicated for achieving the optimum.
    W pracy przedstawiono model służący do oceny procesu konwersji technologicznej będącej następstwem ograniczania emisji gazów cieplarnianych. Limity emisji są wprowadzane w celu ograniczenia ocieplenia klimatu, czego skutkiem jest ograniczenie wzrostu gospodarczego. Konwersja technologiczna oznacza wybór czystszych, lecz ekonomicznie mniej sprawnych technologii. W rezultacie, długookresowy wzrost gospodarczy zmienia charakter: ze wzrostu względnie swobodnego ograniczonego przez dostępność czynników produkcji, zasobów oraz tempa postępu technicznego, na wzrost ograniczany ponadto przez dodatkowe ograniczenie – limit emisji. Analizę przeprowadzono przy pomocy modelu opartego na założeniach różniących się od stosowanych w budowie modeli CGE. Model składa się z następujących sektorów: a) konsumujący (obejmujący gospodarstwa domowe i sektor publiczny), b) wytwarzający dobra (z wyłączeniem energii) kupowane przez sektor konsumujący, c) wytwarzający nakłady pośrednie (bez energii) zużywane przez wszystkie sektory produkcyjne, d) wytwarzający energię zużywaną przez wszystkie sektory, e) wytwarzający dobra inwestycyjne kupowane przez wszystkie sektory produkcyjne. Wszystkie sektory produkcyjne realizują wspólny cel maksymalizacji zdyskontowanej wartości konsumpcji dla całego okresu optymalizacji, przy czym wielkości produkcji, inwestycje w poszczególne technologie w sektorach oraz salda wymiany zagranicznej stanowią zmienne decyzyjne. Model jest rozwiązywany jako zadanie optymalizacji liniowej. Rozwiązanie modelu jest traktowane jako wielkość referencyjna, nie obejmuje narzędzi polityki gospodarczej służących realizacji celu.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Statystyczny; 2016, 63, 3; 273-288
    0033-2372
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Statystyczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Growth and characterisation of LWIR T2SL on (100)-, (211)- and (311)-oriented GaSb substrates
    Autorzy:
    Lubyshev, Dmitri
    Fastenau, Joel M.
    Kattner, Michael
    Frey, Philip
    Nelson, Scott A.
    Flick, Ryan
    Wu, Ying
    Liu, Amy W. K.
    Szymanski, Dennis E.
    Martinez, Becky
    Furlong, Mark J.
    Dennis, Richard
    Bundas, Jason
    Sundaram, Mani
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2204213.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Elektryków Polskich
    Tematy:
    focal plane arrays
    InAs/InAsSb
    photodetectors
    long wavelength infrared type-II superlattice
    metamorphic buffers
    superlattice period reduction
    Opis:
    Ga-free InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattice structures grown on GaSb substrates have demonstrated high performance for mid-wave infrared applications. However, realisation of long wavelength infrared photodetectors based on this material system still presents challenges, especially in terms of reduced quantum efficiency. This reduction is due, in part, to the increased type-II superlattice period required to attain longer wavelengths, as thicker periods decrease the wave-function overlap for the spatially separated quantum wells. One way to improve long wavelength infrared performance is to modify the type-II superlattice designs with a shorter superlattice period for a given wavelength, thereby increasing the wave-function overlap and the resulting optical absorption. Long wavelength infrared epitaxial structures with reduced periods have been realised by shifting the lattice constant of the type-II superlattice from GaSb to AlSb. Alternatively, epitaxial growth on substrates with orientations different than the traditional (100) surface presents another way for superlattice period reduction. In this work, the authors evaluate the performance of long wavelength infrared type-II superlattice detectors grown by molecular beam epitaxy using two different approaches to reduce the superlattice period: first, a metamorphic buffer to target the AlSb lattice parameter, and second, structures lattices matched to GaSb using substrates with different orientations. The use of the metamorphic buffer enabled a ~30% reduction in the superlattice period compared to reference baseline structures, maintaining a high quantum efficiency, but with the elevated dark current related to defects generated in the metamorphic buffer. Red-shift in a cut-off wavelength obtained from growths on highindex substrates offers a potential path to improve the infrared photodetector characteristics. Focal plane arrays were fabricated on (100), (311)A- and (211)B-oriented structures to compare the performance of each approach.
    Źródło:
    Opto-Electronics Review; 2023, 31, Special Issue; art. no. e144568
    1230-3402
    Pojawia się w:
    Opto-Electronics Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effective energy integral functionals for thin films with three dimensional bending moment in the Orlicz-Sobolev space setting
    Autorzy:
    Laskowski, Włodzimierz
    Nguyen, Hong
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/729638.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
    Tematy:
    Γ-convergence
    3D-2D dimension reduction
    quasiconvex relaxation
    minimizers of variational integral functionals
    thin films
    elastic membranes
    effective energy integral functional
    bulk and surface energy
    equilibrium states of the film
    non-power-growth-type bulk energy density
    reflexive Orlicz and Orlicz-Sobolev spaces
    Opis:
    In this paper we consider an elastic thin film ω ⊂ ℝ² with the bending moment depending also on the third thickness variable. The effective energy functional defined on the Orlicz-Sobolev space over ω is described by Γ-convergence and 3D-2D dimension reduction techniques. Then we prove the existence of minimizers of the film energy functional. These results are proved in the case when the energy density function has the growth prescribed by an Orlicz convex function M. Here M is assumed to be non-power-growth-type and to satisfy the conditions Δ₂ and ∇₂.
    Źródło:
    Discussiones Mathematicae, Differential Inclusions, Control and Optimization; 2016, 36, 1; 7-31
    1509-9407
    Pojawia się w:
    Discussiones Mathematicae, Differential Inclusions, Control and Optimization
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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