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Tytuł:
Impact Loads and Crash Safety of the Cockpit of a Composite Glider
Autorzy:
Lindstedt, Łukasz
Rodzewicz, Mirosław
Rzymkowski, Cezary
Kędzior, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/97825.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Lotnictwa
Tematy:
crash safety
composite glider
model experimental validation
Opis:
One major problem associated with gliding is the safety of the crew during landings in the country outside the airfield. The analysis of glider-accident statistics shows that such out-landings may significantly influence the safety. Therefore, of vital importance are the crashworthiness properties of the glider fuselage structure. The subject of the study was the PW-5 glider fuselage made of composites and subjected to high loads typical of glider crashes. The aim was to provide experimental data for validation of a numerical model of the cockpit-pilot system during impact. Two experimental tests with the composite glider cockpit were performed using a typical car-crash track. During the first test the cockpit with a dummy inside was crashed onto the ground at the angle of 45 degrees at a speed of 55 km/h. Accelerations and deformations at chosen points in the cockpit as well as signals coming from the dummy sensors and forces in the seat belts were recorded. The second test was an impact into a concrete wall at a speed of about 80 km/h. The full-scale tests were accompanied by a number of quasi-static and dynamic laboratory tests on samples of composite material. The experimental tests provided valuable results for the parametrical identification of a simulation model developed using the MADYMO software.
Źródło:
Fatigue of Aircraft Structures; 2019, 11; 39-55
2081-7738
2300-7591
Pojawia się w:
Fatigue of Aircraft Structures
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Crash safety of a typical bay table in a railway vehicle
Testy bezpieczeństwa typowych stołów wykorzystywanych w pociągach
Autorzy:
Matsika, E.
Peng, Q.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/374737.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
secondary collision
bay table
table in train
crash
quasi-static tests
dynamic tests
body block
impact aggression
kolizja wtórna
stół w pociągu
wypadek
badania quasi-statyczne
testy dynamiczne
Opis:
Increasingly, urban and high speed trains are incorporating tables (workstations) as common railway vehicle interior furniture because passengers prefer seating by bay tables. Among table design characteristics, the most challenging is meeting crashworthiness requirements. Past accident data and sled test results have shown that in the event of railway vehicle frontal impact, occupants located in the bay seating are exposed to chest and abdominal injuries upon contact with tables resulting from secondary collision. In some cases tables have tended to be structurally weak; they easily detach from the side walls and/or floor mounting. Subsequently these become unguided missiles that strike occupants, resulting in injuries. This paper presents an analysis of the crash performance of a typical bay table. The results provide some understanding of the table’s crash safety, giving an indication of its impact aggression. Table materials are characterised using quasi-static compressive tests. In addition, experimental dynamic (impact) tests are conducted using a pendulum representing a body block (mass). The results provide information about the possible loading of the table on the occupant in the event of a crash. Contact forces are compared with chest and abdominal injury tolerance thresholds to infer the collision injury potential. Recommendations are then made on design of bay tables to meet the “functional-strength-and-safety balance”.
Coraz częściej zarówno w pociągach miejskich, jak i pociągach dużych prędkości wprowadza się do wyposażenia stoły. Wynika to z wymagań pasażerów, którzy to preferują siedzenie przy stołach. Wśród cech konstrukcyjnych stołów, największym wyzwaniem jest spełnienie wymagań wytrzymałości zderzeniowej. Wcześniejsze informacje dotyczące wypadków i wyniki badań wykazały, że w przypadku czołowego zderzenia pojazdów kolejowych pasażerowie, znajdujący się w sąsiedztwie stołów, są narażeni na urazy klatki piersiowej i brzucha na skutek wtórnej kolizji. W niektórych przypadkach stoły miały słabą strukturę; w prosty sposób można je było odłączyć od ścian bocznych i/lub podłogi, do których były przymocowane. W następstwie stawały się one niekontrolowanymi pociskami, które uderzały pasażerów i powodowały ich obrażenia. W artykule przedstawiono analizę wyników wypadku dla typowego stołu. Wyniki dostarczają wiedzę o bezpieczeństwie w razie zaistnienia 98 E. Matsika, Q. Peng wypadku z udziałem stołu, podają informacje o skutkach. Materiały stosowane na stoły zostały zbadane za pomocą quasi-statycznych testów ściskających. Ponadto, przeprowadzono eksperymentalne dynamiczne testy wykorzystujące wahadło. Wyniki dostarczają informacji na temat potencjalnego oddziaływania stołu na pasażera w momencie zderzenia. Siły kontaktowe są porównywalne z progami tolerancji, odpowiadającym klatce piersiowej i jamie brzusznej, w wyniku czego można przewidzieć skutki kolizji. W związku z tym zaleca się wykonanie stołów z zachowaniem „równowagi funkcjonalności, wytrzymałości i bezpieczeństwa”.
Źródło:
Transport Problems; 2015, T. 10, z. spec.; 97-110
1896-0596
2300-861X
Pojawia się w:
Transport Problems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wybrane zagadnienia wpływu napraw powypadkowych nadwozi na bezpieczeństwo drogowe
Selected problems of the influence of crash body repairs on road safety
Autorzy:
Wrona, J.
Wrona, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/301847.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
Tematy:
powypadkowe naprawy pojazdów
nadwozie
bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego
crash body repairs
road safety
Opis:
W opracowaniu przedstawiono problem oceny wpływu napraw powypadkowych nadwozi samochodów osobowych na bezpieczeństwo drogowe. Artykuł podnosi kwestie eksploatacji pojazdów i ich napraw oraz zwraca uwagę na istniejące braki w krajowym systemie dopuszczania do ruchu nadwozi po naprawach. Publikacja uwzględnia też potrzebę regulacji prawnych i wykonawczych procedur dopuszczania pojazdów do ruchu po wcześniej wykonywanych naprawach.
The paper presents the problem of the evaluation of the infl uence of crash body repairs on road safety. It raises the issue of vehicle operation and repairs, and draws attention to existing gaps in the national system of granting type approvals for repaired car bodies. The paper also takes into consideration the need for legal regulations and executive procedures regarding type approval of repaired vehicles.
Źródło:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność; 2008, 4; 49-54
1507-2711
Pojawia się w:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of selected design parameters of the composite-foam cover rail on the course of the TB11 crash test of a road safety barrier forming a horizontal concave arc
Wpływ wybranych parametrów konstrukcyjnych nakładki kompozytowo-pianowej na przebieg testu zderzeniowego TB11 drogowej bariery ochronnej w łuku poziomym wklęsłym
Autorzy:
Nycz, D. B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1363344.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
Tematy:
TB11 virtual crash test
barrier forming horizontal concave arc
composite-foam rail
cover rail design parameters
wirtualny test zderzeniowy TB11
bariera w łuku poziomym wklęsłym
nakładka kompozytowo-pianowa
parametry konstrukcyjne nakładki
Opis:
The article presents a numerical examination of the influence of selected design parameters of a CFR2 composite-foam cover rail of a roadside barrier (described in previous publications by the same author) on the course of the TB11 virtual crash test. The crash tests were carried out on a modified SP-05/2 barrier of the N2-W4-A class, forming a horizontal concave arc with a radius of 150 m. During the tests, a passenger car with a mass of 900 kg hit the barrier with a velocity of 100 km/h at an angle of 20 °. The CFR2 cover rail consists of polyester-glass composite segments partly filled with polyurethane foam. The cover rail cross-section fits the B-type guiderail profile of the barrier. The numerical computations were carried out in the LS-Dyna environment, with using the Geo Metro vehicle model taken from the NCAC website and subjected to necessary modifications. The results of the virtual crash tests were analysed in respect of all the qualitative and quantitative parameters required by standards PN-EN 1317-1:2010 and PN-EN 1317-2:2010. The analyses carried out showed the design of the CFR2 cover rail to be correct and sufficient for the TB11 crash test results to be accepted.
W pracy przedstawiono badania numeryczne wpływu wybranych parametrów konstrukcyjnych nakładki kompozytowo-pianowej CFR2 (opisanej w poprzednich publikacjach autora) na przebieg wirtualnego testu zderzeniowego TB11. Testy zderzeniowe obejmują zmodyfikowaną barierę SP-05/2 klasy N2-W4-A, tj. w łuku poziomym wklęsłym o promieniu 150 m. Test TB11 dotyczy samochodu osobowego o masie 900 kg, uderzającego w barierę z prędkością 100 km/h pod kątem 20°. Nakładka CFR2 składa się z segmentów kompozytowych poliestrowo-szklanych, częściowo wypełnionych pianką poliuretanową. Przekrój poprzeczny nakładki jest dopasowany do prowadnicy typu B. Obliczenia numeryczne przeprowadzono w środowisku LS-Dyna z wykorzystaniem modelu pojazdu Geo Metro, pobranego ze strony NCAC i poddanego niezbędnym modyfikacjom. Wyniki wirtualnych testów zderzeniowych przeanalizowano pod kątem wszystkich parametrów jakościowych i ilościowych wymaganych przez normy PN-EN 1317-1:2010 i PN-EN 1317-2:2010. Przeprowadzone analizy wykazały, że konstrukcja nakładki CFR2 jest trafna i wystarczająca do zapewnienia przyjęcia badania zderzeniowego TB11.
Źródło:
Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2017, 76, 2; 107-122
1234-754X
2084-476X
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Motoryzacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Aircraft crash onto a nuclear power plant : screening procedure and approach for a probabilistic analysis
Autorzy:
Berg, H.-P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2069647.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Polskie Towarzystwo Bezpieczeństwa i Niezawodności
Tematy:
aircraft crash
crash frequency
probabilistic safety assessment
screening
Opis:
International experience has shown that external hazards (e.g. aircraft crash, flooding) can be safety significant contributors to the risk in case of nuclear power plants` operation. This is due to the fact that such hazards have the potential to reduce simultaneously the level of redundancy by damaging redundant systems or their supporting systems. In this paper, the procedure for the external hazard aircraft crash is described In more detail, starting with the screening procedure in order to determine scope and content of the assessment and the approach for those cases where a full scope analysis has to be performed. The consideration regarding this hazard does as not cover an intended aircraft crash.
Źródło:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association; 2010, 1, 1; 27--34
2084-5316
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The safety of motorcycle users
Autorzy:
Bańkowski, Antoni
Frej, Damian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24200874.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
Tematy:
motorcycles
crash tests
safety
Opis:
There are more and more motorcycles on the roads. This can be seen, for example, on the basis of statistical data from the Central Statistical Office, where newly registered two-wheelers are presented. Based on the data, it can be seen that there are more and more newly registered motorcycles every year and that there are many road accidents involving two-wheelers. According to data provided by the WHO, as many as 28% of fatalities in road accidents are motorcycle drivers [10]. The article below presents a review of the literature related to motorcycle crash tests and the dummies used for the tests. The work presents the most important standard that regulates how motorcycle crash tests are performed. The main purpose of the article is to draw attention to the problem of safety of motorcycle users. The text describes various crash tests of two-wheelers and stands used for testing motorcycles. The work presents a dummy specially designed for crash tests involving motorcycles. Differences between this dummy and other dummies used have also been described. The paper discusses the literature and describes research related to crash tests.
Źródło:
Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2023, 101, 3; 32--49
1234-754X
2084-476X
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Motoryzacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Crash testy urządzeń infrastruktury drogowej w Inowrocławiu
Crash tests of road infrastructure facilities in Inowrocław
Autorzy:
Szruba, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/364091.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Nowoczesne Budownictwo Inżynieryjne
Tematy:
crash test
bezpieczeństwo
najechanie
bariera
safety
hovering
barrier
Opis:
25 czerwca 2014 r. w Inowrocławiu już po raz czwarty odbyły się crash testy (testy zderzeniowe) urządzeń infrastruktury drogowej. Po raz pierwszy w Polsce, przy udziale zaproszonych gości i mediów, przeprowadzono także crash test z wykorzystaniem autobusu. Spotkanie zgromadziło ponad 180 osób.
For the fourth time, road infrastructure facilities crash tests were held on 25 June 2014 in Inowrocław. Also a public crash test with the use of a bus was conducted for the first time in Poland, which was observed by guests and the media.
Źródło:
Nowoczesne Budownictwo Inżynieryjne; 2014, 5; 95
1734-6681
Pojawia się w:
Nowoczesne Budownictwo Inżynieryjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Child safety in a car during a frontal collision
Autorzy:
Żuchowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241889.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
road transport
vehicle safety
crash tests
child safety
booster seat
Opis:
Road accidents with participation of the children are of particular nature. According to surveys, the older children at the age of 8-12 years are often transported in cars in a wrong way. They are usually fastened with seat belts designed for adult passengers. In order to make the seat belts safe for a child, they should be used together with a booster cushion or a high back booster seat. This paper presents the test results and analysis of dynamic loads affecting a child in the back seat of a passenger car during a frontal collision. The car body was accelerated to a speed of about 48 km/h and then it was suddenly stopped in a time of about 100 ms. The analysis was carried out on the basis of results of experimental tests performed at the collision station in the Automotive Industry Institute in Warsaw. The attention was paid to the influence of protection device type on the P10 dummy, representing a child at the age of about 10 years. Three child protection options during a collision were considered: the dummy was sitting directly in a car seat, on a booster cushion and on a seat. The dummy was fastened with standard seat belts. Evaluation of the protection device influence on the dummy loads was given in association with the operation of the seat belts. During evaluation, the indexes of biomechanical resistance of a human body to the impact load effects were used. They made the basis for the evaluation of the child injury severity risk.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 1; 395-402
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Results of the crash tests of electric cars
Autorzy:
Żuchowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243537.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
road transport
vehicle safety
crash tests
safety of passengers
electric vehicles
transport drogowy
bezpieczeństwo pojazdu
testy zderzeniowe
bezpieczeństwo pasażerów
pojazdy elektryczne
Opis:
The work presents the results of crash tests carried out with six electrical car models (from 2012-2013), with the weight of 1200-2300 kg (Smart Electric Driver, Mitsubishi IMiEV, Nissan Leaf, CODA, Ford Focus BEV, Tesla Model S). The results were published on the Internet by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (USA), and the tests involved a car travelling at the speed of 56 km/h, hitting frontally into a non-deformable (stiff) barrier, positioned perpendicularly to the car’s direction of movement. Particular attention was paid to the deformation of the car after hitting the barrier, so-called stiffness characteristics of the frontal crumple zone, and to the loads on the dummies placed at the driver’s and passenger’s seat (Hybrid III, a 50-centile man and a 5-centile woman). Results of the tests with electric cars were compared with the results of the tests with over a hundred of combustion engine cars with similar weight and type of car body (sedan, hatchback). The tests proved that, in the majority of electrical cars tested, the deformation of the frontal crumple zone after hitting an obstacle is larger than in case of similar cars with internal combustion engine. Because of that, the dynamic loads on the occupants of the vehicle tend to be smaller, as indicated by measured loads on the heads and chests of the dummies. The results may suggest that the frontal crumple zone may be better constructed in the case of electric cars, while the design possibilities regarding that area are limited in standard cars due to the combustion engine, which is not deformed during the accident, which makes it more difficult for the energy of the crash to dissipate.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 1; 483-490
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bezpieczeństwo transportu
Transport safety
Autorzy:
Bril, J.
Łukasik, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/311332.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
bezpieczeństwo transportu
wypadki
systemy transportowe
transport safety
crash
transport systems
Opis:
W artykule ukazana została próba przybliżenia bezpieczeństwa transportu, główne przyczyny powstawania wypadków oraz stan bezpieczeństwa w poszczególnych gałęziach transportu wraz z ich przyczynami i głównymi sytuacjami inicjującymi powstanie zdarzenia.
In article an attempt has been depicted to approximate of transport safety, the main causes of accidents and the security situation in the various transport sectors, including their causes and the main situations initiating the formation of road events.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2013, 14, 3; 1895-1905
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the selection of a child seat
Autorzy:
Karwala, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24200866.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
Tematy:
child seat
crash tests
safety
Opis:
The selection of a child seat is not an easy task for future parents. Information about child seats, assembly methods, usability and prices affect the purchasing preferences of parents or legal guardians of children. The article contains information about the factors to pay attention to when buying a child seat. The main purpose of the article is to analyze and evaluate information on the selection of a vehicle seat for the right passenger vehicle and child. The article discusses information about the ADAC child seat crash test and the plus test, which are mainly performed for rear-facing child seats.The article presents information on groups of child seats and the method of their installation in a passenger vehicle. The purchasing predispositions of parents and legal guardians in terms of the selection of a child seat were also described. It should be noted that most respondents pay attention to the level of safety of child seats than to their price.
Źródło:
Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2023, 101, 3; 86--95
1234-754X
2084-476X
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Motoryzacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A stand for the modelling of crash tests of some parts critical to the passive safety of a vehicle
Stanowisko do modelowania prób zderzeniowych wybranych elementów decydujących o bezpieczeństwie biernym pojazdu
Autorzy:
Gołaszewski, A.
Surmiński, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1364802.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
Tematy:
bezpieczeństwo bierne
crash test
passive safety
Opis:
Results of investigations of modelled crash tests have been presented. The results were obtained with the use of a measuring stand that was designed and built at the Department of Vehicles and Fundamentals of Machine Design of the Technical University of Lodz for the simulation of vehicle collisions together with the accompanying phenomena. The stand included a scale vehicle model made of steel profiles with adjustable crumple zone size and variable pre-crash mass, a model acceleration track with a precise vehicle start positioning system where the model was brought to its starting position with the use of a tractor provided with a stepping motor, a non-deformable obstacle, as well as time and deceleration measuring systems. The basic design requirements adopted and the stand calibration procedures have been presented. The research possibilities related to the investigation of modelled crash tests have been described and illustrated with measurement examples. The stand makes it possible to carry out model tests both on the controlled crumple zone and, after inverting the reaction system, on energy-absorbing traffic barriers. Apart from being used by University staff for their own research work, the stand has constituted for several years a cognitively attractive facility willingly used by students during their laboratory classes in subjects related to vehicle construction and passive safety problems.
W artykule zostały zaprezentowane wyniki otrzymane podczas badań modelowych prób zderzeniowych. Zostały one uzyskane przy wykorzystaniu opracowanego i zbudowanego w Katedrze Pojazdów i Podstaw Budowy Maszyn Politechniki Łódzkiej stanowiska pomiarowego do symulacji zderzeń oraz zjawisk im towarzyszących. W skład stanowiska wchodzi redukcyjny model pojazdu wykonany z profili stalowych, posiadający regulowaną wielkość strefy zgniotu oraz zmienną masę przedzderzeniową, tor jezdny z precyzyjnym pozycjonowaniem położenia początkowego modelu pojazdu za pomocą ciągnika ustawiającego model na pozycji startowej przy wykorzystaniu silnika krokowego, nieodkształcalna przeszkoda oraz systemy pomiarowe czasu i opóźnień. Zaprezentowano założenia projektowe oraz procedury kalibracji stanowiska. Przedstawione zostały możliwości poznawcze związane z badaniami modelowymi prób zderzeniowych zilustrowane przykładowymi pomiarami. Stanowisko pozwala na badania modelowe zarówno odnoszące się do stref kontrolowanego zgniotu pojazdu jak i po odwróceniu reakcji do modelowych badań barier energochłonnych. Oprócz badań własnych przedstawione stanowisko stanowi od kilku lat atrakcyjny poznawczo składnik studenckich zajęć laboratoryjnych z przedmiotów związanych z budową pojazdów a także problemami bezpieczeństwa biernego.
Źródło:
Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2012, 3; 47-56
1234-754X
2084-476X
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Motoryzacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Possibilities of traffic accidents and risk crash evaluation
Autorzy:
Stodola, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2069594.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Polskie Towarzystwo Bezpieczeństwa i Niezawodności
Tematy:
traffic accident
risk factor
road traffic safety
traffic accident consequence
road traffic risk
safety evaluation
Opis:
This article analyses the traffic accident rate on roads and highways and possibilities of risk evaluation related to traffic accident occurrence based on factors that were the causes of accidents. A new term-risk of traffic accident occurrence is a product of probability of accident occurrence and its impacts. The results are presented by way of example that uses selected statistical data of the Czech Republic traffic accident rate between 1993-2001. The article provides a brief methodological procedure of evaluation of the traffic accident rate using the risk of traffic accident occurrence.
Źródło:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association; 2007, 2; 331--334
2084-5316
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of properties of operation of the supporting equipment for the seat belts
Autorzy:
Żuchowski, A.
Jackowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242023.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
vehicle safety
crash tests
safety belt
pretensioner
force limiter
Opis:
Applying the pretensioners and the belt force limiters in cars had a positive impact on the seat belts effectiveness in protecting the people driving against the effects of collisions. In this way, delayed action of the seat belts, resulting from the flexibility of the belt and the operating time of the retractor locking mechanism, was partially eliminated. The tasks and properties of the pretensioners and force limiters used in cars will be described in the paper. Implementations of the forces acting at the driver's lap belts and shoulder belts during a frontal collision into a rigid barrier, at the speed of 56km/h, will be presented. On this basis the properties of the pretensioners and belt force limiters will be determined. The characteristics of rigidity (force - displacement) of the shoulder belts of various designs will be presented, too. On the basis of the results of the crash tests (NHTSA, USA) for several cars the dynamic loads, which act on the driver during a frontal collision into a rigid barrier, will be analysed. The biomechanical indices of the human immune to the effects of shock loads will be taken into account. The analysis will include the passenger cars (sedan) from the years 1995 – 2004, which were fitted with the seat belts of various designs.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 1; 697-704
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparative analysis of frontal zone of deformation in vehicles with self-supporting and framed bodies
Autorzy:
Prochowski, L.
Żółtowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247110.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
road safety
vehicle safety
crash tests
body deformation range
Opis:
The work considers changes occurred in the features of the supporting structure in three categories of cars, namely: with the self-supporting body, framed body an intermediate structures between these two solutions. The area of analysis includes the length of deformation (crush) of the front al part of the car after collision with a rigid obstacle (barrier). The range of deformation is a significant factor of the passive car safety and indicates the efficiency of fulfilling the protective function for the passengers. The work shows absolute and relative (percentage and unit) variations of the car deformation, depending on the year of manufacture, including the period of 1980 - 2010. Marked trend lines indicated general nature of the deformation range variations together with the improvement of the car supporting system structures. The course of the trend line has been calculated on the basis of average deformation length values, calculated in defined periods of vehicle manufacture. Selected sections of time result from the division of the period of analysis 1980 - 2010 into six parts. The analysis of the deformation length of the frontal part of passenger cars, SUVs and pickups has been combined with simultaneous evaluation of total car length variations and their weight values. The car weight directly affects the kinetic energy of the impact so it has a significant influence on the range of deformation of the car front during collision with an obstacle.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 4; 397-407
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Overview and analysis of dummies used for crash tests
Autorzy:
Jaśkiewicz, M.
Jurecki, R.
Witaszek, K.
Więckowski, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/359906.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
safety
anthropometric dummies
crashes
Opis:
This article is a description of the construction of dummies used in crash tests of vehicles. Dummies are classified according to their use in different types of crash tests. The noticeable improvement in the construction of dummies, their properties and similarity to humans man, is clearly visible referring to first dummies with modern ones.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2013, 35 (107); 22-31
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of displacement of a concrete barrier on impact of a vehicle. theoretical model and experimental validation
Autorzy:
Prochowski, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247667.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
road transport
road safety
roadside crash
concrete barrier
safety barriers
Opis:
A vehicle hitting a traffic barrier creates a major threat to traffic safety as a result of displacement of components of the barrier by the forces transferred from the vehicle. We built a theoretical model of the dynamics of such processes and behaviour of concrete barriers set on various types of surfaces. We calculated the displacement as a function of vehicle impact energy and barrier base. We completed analytical approximation for our calculations and we referred the theoretical results to experimental test results. This validated our model of barrier and vehicle movement dynamics as fully qualified for use in the planning of safer barriers and evaluation of barrier effect on traffic. Basing on our calculations, we determined that a second-order polynomial can be used for describing the lateral displacement of a barrier placed on various types of surfaces for a wide range of impact energies (actually, from O to 120 kJ). The courses of the approximating function represent an efficient model for determining the maximum lateral displacement of a concrete barrier on impact of a B or C segment vehicle.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 4; 399-406
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Studies on the effectiveness of the innovative road safety system
Autorzy:
Borkowski, W.
Hryciów, Z.
Rybak, P.
Wysocki, J.
Wiśniewski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242956.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
road safety barrier
crash tests
computer simulation
LS-DYNA
FEM
Opis:
The paper evaluates the effectiveness of the innovative road safety system equipped with prototype component segments composed of a body made of a plastic filled with reinforced concrete. Main advantages of the new safety barrier include increased resistance to corrosion as well as easy transport and assembly directly on a road section being secured. Model tests were performed on a car of 900 kg weight allowing for carrying out the TB11 tests according to the EN 1317-2 standard. LS-DYNA software was applied for modelling, using the finite element method. The work presents the numerical test results, trajectory of vehicle movement after collision as well as the concrete barrier displacement. It also includes examples of stress in steel bars and joint coupling. Detailed assessing of simulation test results were made on the basis of ASI, THIV and PHD index. They were calculated on the basis of velocity and acceleration courses of selected car bodywork points. Numerical test results confirm the fact that this system meets the normative requirements. They allow for qualifying that system for B impact severity level and W4 working width. The results presented in the paper make the initial stage of the study and further calculations will be oriented towards a possibility of meeting the requirements for higher restraint levels.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 2; 27-32
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Risk of injury for the front and rear seat passengers of the passenger cars in frontal impact
Autorzy:
Żuchowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246867.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
road transport
vehicle safety
crash tests
safety of passengers
rear seat
Opis:
The dynamic loads acting on a human body during a road accident may cause bodily injuries. They are dependent not only on the car structure and applied means of individual protection but also on the anthropometric features of a human body and its location in car. The safety of the car occupants on the rear seats in the passenger cars has been treated as a secondary issue so far. The achieved stage of the structure of that equipment for the rear seat occupants makes an important confirmation of that state. Usually there is no adjustment of the seat belt fixing point position, seat belt pretensioners, seat adjustment. This paper considers the risk of injury for the front and rear seat passengers of the passenger cars on the basis of analysis of dynamic loads that can affect them during the road accident. The attention was paid to the adults and children aged about 10 years. The dynamic loads were analysed with making use of experimental results of frontal flat barrier impact. During the tests, the passengers are protected by typical passive safety systems on the front and the rear seats. In the evaluation used the criteria of the biomechanical human body resistance to the impact load effect. The attention is paid to relations between a seat occupied in a car and the probability of injuries. The analysis of the laboratory impact tests was preceded by the assessment of risk of injury of the front and rear seat passengers in the real road accidents, which has been prepared based on the literature data.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 3; 507-518
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rozwiązania dotyczące bezpieczeństwa biernego pojazdów kolejowych
Passive safety solutions in railway vehicles
Autorzy:
Szachniewicz, Bartosz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26917696.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Instytutu Ekspertyz Sądowych
Tematy:
bezpieczeństwo pasywne
test zderzeniowy
absorber
zespoły trakcyjne
pojazdy kolejowe
passive safety
crash test
train set
railway vehicles
Opis:
Celem pracy jest omówienie problematyki bezpieczeństwa (biernego) pasywnego w pojazdach kolejowych, w tym przede wszystkim przedstawienie aktualnych rozwiązań elementów absorbujących energię zderzenia. W kolejnych punktach wskazano podstawowe funkcje pełnione przez systemy bezpieczeństwa pasywnego oraz omówiono źródło obowiązujących przepisów. Wymieniono scenariusze zderzeniowe oraz omówiono podstawowe kryteria oceny konstrukcji pojazdu. Ostatecznie przedstawiono wybrane rozwiązania układów bezpieczeństwa biernego stosowane wybranych typach lokomotyw oraz zespołów trakcyjnych.
The aim of the article is to discuss the issues of passive safety in railway vehicles. Current design of the elements absorbing collision energy is presented. Basic functions performed by passive safety systems are indicated and the source of the applicable regulations is discussed. Crash scenarios are listed and the basic criteria for vehicle structure assessment are discussed. Some solutions of passive safety systems used in selected types of locomotives and multiple units are presented.
Źródło:
Paragraf na Drodze; 2023, 2; 9-15
1505-3520
2956-3631
Pojawia się w:
Paragraf na Drodze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The analysis of occupant motion in frontal barrier impact of a chassis frame vehicle
Autorzy:
Prochowski, L.
Zielonka, K.
Żuchowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244471.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
road safety
vehicle safety
crash tests
frontal accidents
occupant kinematic
Opis:
Human body motion during a road accident usually results from the effect of forces of inertia. The analysis of that motion, particularly displacements towards the vehicle interior have significant practical aspect as it facilitates conclusions concerning the mechanisms of danger and injury formation. At the same time, the analysis provides direct indications regarding the improvement of passive safety equipment. The paper presents the time-space diagrams of motion of dummy’s head, neck, torso and hips – the driver of a frame chassis vehicle, identified on the basis of results of the measurements registered in frontal barrier impact and the frame-by-frame analysis of videos recorded during the course of experiment. Courses of these diagrams were associated with acceleration measurement results and forces affecting the parts of the dummy. The experiment showed the complex nature of the influence on the dummy caused by the forces of inertia after a collision of the vehicle with an barrier, vehicle body motion against the frame, reactions in the safety belts, friction on a seat and contact reaction of the vehicle interior equipment. At the same time, it presented the possibilities of indicating the courses of speed variations and dummy displacement as well as significant limitations of calculation possibilities that result from a fact that the process of the impact on the vehicle interior elements is hard to describe.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 1; 491-502
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessing users’ perceptions of four types of road safety measures
Autorzy:
Alonso, Francisco
Useche, Sergio A.
Faus, Mireia
Esteban, Cristina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203891.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
safety
measures
crash prevention
road traffic
bezpieczeństwo
środki
zapobieganie wypadkom
ruch drogowy
Opis:
Road crashes remain an important public health issue. This study aimed to assess the perceived importance of four types of measures for reducing traffic crash rates. For this cross-sectional study, data were obtained from a national sample of 1,200 Spanish drivers responding to a telephone-assisted survey. The most valued types of road safety measures were those related to users’ training/education and infrastructural improvements. Further, individual perceptions were influenced by both demographic and trip-related factors. The results of this study support the idea that user features remain a relevant issue to consider when developing and implementing road safety measures.
Źródło:
Transport Problems; 2022, 17, 2; 137--149
1896-0596
2300-861X
Pojawia się w:
Transport Problems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Implementing safety toolkit on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana
Autorzy:
Nazneen, Sahima
Rezapour Mashhadi, Mahdi
Ksaibati, Khaled
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2141067.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Fundacja Centrum Badań Socjologicznych
Tematy:
Indian reservation
crashes
tribes
crash injury
Opis:
Indian Reservations have suffered from high crash rates that lead to fatal and incapacitating injuries for years. Among numerous issues, resource gap, rustic nature of the reservations, cross jurisdictional issues, and scarce crash data, act as obstacles in an effort to reduce the number of these fatal and serious crashes. Numerous organizations have recognized the importance of addressing issues on Indian reservations and improving roadway safety. Wyoming Technology Transfer Center / Local Technical Assistance Program (WYT2/LTAP) center developed a safety toolkit for tribal communities to ascertain high-risk crash locations and determine the low-cost safety improvement countermeasures. This safety toolkit acts as a guideline providing information, field examples, and resources in key topic areas to improve roadway safety through the use of the five-step methodology from Wyoming Rural Road Safety Program. These steps included compiling and crash data analysis, level I field evaluation, combined ranking, level II field evaluation, and benefit-cost analysis. In this study, the safety toolkit was implemented on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation (FPIR), Montana, to provide the tribes with a real-life example. This study reveals that low-cost safety countermeasures have significant impacts in reducing the number of fatal and serious injury crashes on the FPIR. This methodology with slight modification can be applied to other Indian reservations or similar entities to improve roadway safety.
Źródło:
Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics; 2020, 5, 1; 6-18
2520-2979
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical simulation of the standard TB11 and TB32 tests for a concrete safety barrier
Autorzy:
Borkowski, W.
Hryciów, Z.
Rybak, P.
Wysocki, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247654.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
road safety barrier
crash tests
computer simulation
LS-DYNA
Opis:
The work presents the traffic safety issue related to a use of the road protective barriers. It describes a purpose and tasks that should be fulfilled by the safety system. Conditions of crash tests and their evaluation according to the requirements of the existing standard documents are also presented. The purpose of the work was to evaluate the influence of applied barrier type on the car collision process. A barrier composed of the segments that can move on the ground due to the impact force and a barrier fixed to the road surface were assumed for the model tests. The modelling was carried out by means of the LS-DYNA sofrware, using the finite element method. The tests were performed for two types of cars, mass of 900 kg and 1500 kg. The work includes the numerical test results, deformations of car bodies and barrier displacement. Examples of velocities and acceleration courses of selected vehicle elements and the ASI index, calculated on their basis, used for evaluation of the passenger danger level were also presented. Obtained results indicate a significant influence of the barrier installation method (joint with the road) on the collision process course and dynamic loads affecting the car passengers. They also indicate directions of safety improvement.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 4; 63-71
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wypadkowe dane statystyczne na polskich drogach w latach 2001-2016
The analysis of safety on the Polish roads between 2001 and 2016
Autorzy:
Jaśkiewicz, M.
Jaskólski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/315256.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
wypadki drogowe
przyczyny wypadków
statystyka wypadków
road accidents
reasons of crash
statistics of crash
Opis:
W pracy wykorzystano policyjne I GUS-owskie dane statystyczne na temat wypadków drogowych w Polsce. Przedstawiono najczęstsze przyczyny wypadków drogowych. Zaprezentowano graficznie wskaźniki wypadkowe dla całego kraju oraz w rozbiciu na województwa w latach 2001-2016. Dokonano analizy danych pod kątem najbardziej i najmniej bezpiecznego województwa, wpływu zmian przepisów drogowych na bezpieczeństwo na drogach publicznych w Polsce.
This article uses statistics on road accidents in Poland from police and GUS (Central Statistical Office) data. The most common causes of road accidents are presented. Graphically presented accident rates both for the whole country and for every voivodeship separetely in the years 2001-2016. Analysis of the impact of the changes in traffic code on safety on public roads in Poland was made as well as the most and least safe voivodeship.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2017, 18, 9; 20-23
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of dynamic loads of the armoured personnel carrier crew during frontal crash
Autorzy:
Hryciów, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241831.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
armoured personnel carrier
impact
passive safety
dummy
FE analysis
Opis:
The work describes chosen problem connected with using of armoured personnel carriers (APC) in the frame of stabilisation and peacekeeping mission. The new type of tasks appears: ramming obstacles such as fences, entry gates, light engineering obstacles and also pushing other vehicles aside the road in order to obtain trafficability. The main threat in such situation is a risk of serious injury of soldiers inside vehicle. The lack of a crumple zone increases a value of acceleration acting on the crew. In the work models of driver and crew member seats used in the APC were showed. To the tests a Hybrid III 50th male dummy model in a seated position were used, which is a good representation of the average population of men. To the modelling LS-DYNA software was applied. The work shows the numeric test results. Behaviour of the dummies during the impact on both the driver and crew member were presented. To assess a risk of injury standard indicators of crash test were used, including: maximum value of the head acceleration, the criterion HIC and the maximum values of the forces and moments in the neck. The distributions of these parameters were presented. Results of simulation indicated that velocity and location of dummies has large influence on levels of dynamic loads. To further research is proposed to take into consideration models of dummy with additional equipment of soldiers (e.g. a helmet, a weapon, a bullet-proof jacket).
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 4; 223-230
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza toru ruchu samochodu po uderzeniu w barierę betonową
The analysis of a car motion path after collision with a concrete barrier
Autorzy:
Prochowski, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/301331.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
Tematy:
transport
bariera drogowa
bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego
zderzenia
road safety
safety barriers
roadside crash
Opis:
Analizie poddano przebieg toru ruchu samochodu po uderzeniu w betonową barierę drogową. Tor ruchu samochodu w fazie po zderzeniowej jest istotnym wskaźnikiem wypełniania funkcji ochronnej przez barierę. Wykorzystano tu model dynamiki procesu zderzenia i deformacji samochodu uderzającego w barierę oraz ruchu tej bariery. Model przedstawiono w pracy [7]. Przeprowadzono obliczenia, które pokazały wpływ kąta uderzenia i energii uderzenia na tor ruchu samochodu po zakończeniu fazy kontaktu z barierą. Obliczenia wykonano z uwzględnieniem skutków ustawiania barier na różnych podłożach. Rozważono ruch samochodów kategorii M1 (segment handlowy B i C), czyli najczęściej występujących na drogach. Podczas analizy wyników obliczeń brano pod uwagę kąt odejścia toru ruchu samochodu, mierzony bezpośrednio po zakończeniu fazy kontaktu pojazdu z barierą. Oddzielnej ocenie poddano odległość toru ruchu środka masy samochodu od krawędzi bariery w jej położeniu statycznym. Dokonano analitycznej aproksymacji wyników obliczeń i uzyskano zależności wielkości charakteryzujących przebieg toru ruchu samochodu od kąta i energii uderzenia w barierę.
A course of a car motion path after collision with a concrete road barrier has been analyzed. A car motion path at the postimpact stage makes a significant index of the protective function fulfilled by a barrier. A model of the impact process dynamics and deformation of a car hitting the barrier as well as the barrier motion have been used in this work. That model is presented in [7]. Calculations have been carried out that indicated the influence of the impact angle and impact energy on the car motion path after completion of the barrier contact stage. Calculations have been carried out considering the effects of placing the barrier on different types of the ground. Motion of the M1 category cars has been considered (commercial segment B and C), that is the most common cars on the roads. During the analysis of computation results, the car path deflection angle, measured just after the end of the car and barrier contact stage, has been considered. A separate evaluation of the distance between the motion path of the centre of the car mass and the edge of the barrier in its static position, has been performed. Analytical approximation of results has been performed and dependences of values characterizing the course of the car motion path on the impact angle and the impact energy have been obtained.
Źródło:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność; 2011, 2; 72-80
1507-2711
Pojawia się w:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of safety impact of paved shoulder width on Czech secondary roads
Autorzy:
Ambros, Jiří
Křivánková, Zuzana
Zůvala, Robert
Bucsuházy, Katerina
Frič, Jindřich
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2067409.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
secondary road
paved shoulder
shoulder width
safety
crash
speed
droga drugorzędna
pobocze utwardzone
bezpieczeństwo
zderzenie
Opis:
Traffic safety is influenced, among other factors, by characteristics of the roads, which include the width of the shoulder. Shoulder width was noted to have a large effect on crash frequency, as well as on traffic speed. In this paper, we focused on paved shoulders. Previous studies confirmed that increasing the width of the paved shoulder is associated with a decrease in crash frequency. However, wider shoulders may encourage higher driving speed, which is related to an increase of impact speed and crash severity – this issue was hypothesized, but not statistically investigated. Thus, conclusions based on crashes and speeds contradict each other, and there is no simple answer to the question of the safety impact of wide shoulders. To address this gap, we analyzed a sample of two most typical categories of Czech secondary roads, which differ only in the paved shoulder width (S9.5 roads with 0.75m-wide shoulder, and S11.5 roads with 1.75m-wide shoulder) and thus present a suitable example for studying the safety impact of paved shoulder width. We used generalized linear models of crash frequency, and multinomial logistic models of crash severity (separately for single-vehicle and multi-vehicle crashes), as well as a statistical test of differences in speed for the two road categories. The results showed that: Firstly, there were fewer crashes on S11.5 roads compared to S9.5 roads; this was true for both single-vehicle and multi-vehicle crashes. Secondly, single-vehicle crashes on S11.5 roads were more severe compared to S9.5 roads; the change of severity in multi-vehicle crashes was not statistically significant. Thirdly, driving speeds on S11.5 roads were approx. by 7 km/h higher compared to S9.5 roads. These findings support the hypothesis of an association between wider shoulders, higher speeds, and increased crash severity, especially in the case of single-vehicle crashes. As a practical solution, various speed management measures, including widening to a 2+1 road, may be recommended.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2021, 60, 4; 125--136
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation and statistical analysis on the deterrence effect of police patrol
Autorzy:
Suo, Q.
Suo, R.
Zhang, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2140956.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Fundacja Centrum Badań Socjologicznych
Tematy:
road crash
safety measure
drivers' behaviour and attitude
deterrence effects
Opis:
This study investigated the deterrence effect of the police patrol on the road safety in China and the research purpose was achieved by questionnaire survey and data regression. Firstly, a questionnaire survey was carried out to investigate the drivers’ illegal behaviours and attitudes to safety measures, such as police patrol, surveillance cameras and warning signs, and 137 drivers participated in the survey; the statistical results showed that 45.3%, 4.4% and 16.8% of the respondents had the experience of speeding, driving under influencing of alcohol and fatigued driving respectively; all of the participants believed that traffic police patrol would change their dangerous driving behaviours and police patrol is most effective among three road safety measures based on the investigations. Secondly, data about police patrol frequency and road crash rate on the road segment was collected from the local Transportation Administration Bureau and the regression analysis based on the data was conducted to investigate the direct effect of traffic police patrol on road safety improvement. The results indicated that increasing the frequency of police patrol has an obvious positive effect on improving the road safety and it is consistent with the results from self-reported questionnaire survey.
Źródło:
Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics; 2018, 3, 3; 69-76
2520-2979
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the influence of concrete safety barrier segment length on road safety
Analiza wpływu długości segmentu betonowej bariery ochronnej na bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego
Autorzy:
Borkowski, W.
Hryciów, Z.
Rybak, P.
Wysocki, J.
Wiśniewski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1364492.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
Tematy:
passive safety
crash tests
concrete safety barrier
computer simulation
LS-DYNA
bezpieczeństwo bierne
testy zderzeniowe
betonowe bariery ochronne
symulacja komputerowa
Opis:
The paper presents problems related to road safety in terms of the development of the concrete barriers system, dispersing energy of car collision on the roads with high traffic and high accident risk. Particular attention was paid to barriers' basic parameters - weight and length of the segment. The main objective of the numeric researches was to assess the qualitative and quantitative effects of the car collision with a concrete road barrier in accordance with the standard EN 1317. To the model tests a 900 kg passenger car has been used which allowed to perform TB11 test according to EN 1317-2 standard (initial velocity - 100 km/h). Numerical studies were carried out for concrete segments lengths: 2, 4, 6, 8 m for two selected impact points. Detailed comparisons of simulation test results obtained for individual variants were made on the basis of the acceleration courses of selected car bodywork points, calculated indicators, the trajectory of vehicle movement after collision as well as on the basis of the behaviour of the concrete barriers.
Niniejsza praca stanowi rozwinięcie problematyki bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego w aspekcie opracowania systemu betonowych barier ochronnych, rozpraszających energią zderzenia samochodu na drogach o dużym natężeniu ruchu i wysokim zagrożeniu wypadkowym, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem jej podstawowych parametrów konstrukcyjnych (masy i długości segmentu). Głównym celem przeprowadzonych badań numerycznych było dokonanie oceny jakościowej i ilościowej skutków zderzenia samochodu z betonową barierą drogową zgodnie z obowiązującą normą EN 1317. Obliczenia przeprowa-dzono w systemie LS - DYNA wykorzystującego metodę elementów skończonych. Pojazd badany o masie 900 kg poruszał się z prędkością początkową 100 km/h, a następnie uderzał w system barier. Badania numeryczne zrealizowano dla segmentów betonowych o długościach: 2, 4, 6, 8 m, dla dwóch wybranych punktów zderzenia. Szczegółowych porównań wyników badań symulacyjnych, otrzymanych dla poszczególnych wariantów obliczeniowych, dokonano na podstawie przebiegów czasowych przyspieszeń wybranych punktów nadwozia samochodu, obliczonych na ich podstawie wskaźników, trajektorii ruchu pojazdu po zderzeniu, a także na podstawie zachowania się betonowej bariery ochronnej.
Źródło:
Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2014, 63, 1; 25-34
1234-754X
2084-476X
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Motoryzacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Preliminary investigation of dynamic loads of the crew of the armoured personnel carrier during frontal crash
Autorzy:
Borkowski, W.
Hryciów, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241797.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
armoured personnel carrier
impact
passive safety
computer simulation
Opis:
On the work one described chosen problems concerning of threats of the crew of the armoured personnel carrier with dynamic loads during crushing the obstacle. One paid attention on the lack of regulations regulative this problems. One described the general construction, and also worked out model of the armoured personnel carrier and crashed object. To the modelling one used the software LS-DYNA, using the method of finite elements. One gave also conditions for carrying out the numeric research. On the work one placed example results of numerical tests, deformations and stresses in the hull of the vehicle and in the crashed gate. One placed also example-courses of the speed and accelerations of chosen elements of the vehicle and people inside. On the basis on received results of simulation research one evidenced high level threats of the crews, liable to be effective with serious offences, particularly of the head and the spine. One qualified also directions and the range of further works targeting the improvement of the safety of the crew, in this taking into account the use of investigative dummy man. To further research one proposed models of dummy man Hybrid III, which for the necessity of taking in to consideration of additional elements of the equipment of soldiers (e.g. the helmet, the weapon, the bullet-proof vest) must be however properly modified. One pointed also on the necessity of working out the additional protective devices and also formulate the methodology of the experimental research.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 4; 57-62
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prototype articulated joint in connections of the concrete protective barrier
Autorzy:
Borkowski, W.
Hryciów, Z.
Rybak, P.
Wysocki, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244656.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
road safety
concrete protective barrier
crash test
articulated joint
Opis:
The work describes methodology of selection of a prototype articulated joint used to connect the segments of the concrete protection barrier. The barrier and the joint have been made according to the original project of the authors of this paper. Dimensions of the component elements of the joint were defined on the basis of numerical calculations in LS-DYNA system, using finite element method. They also allowed to identify places sensible to damage. Based on the project, the experimental tests have been performed for the joint strength to stretching. The tests performed on the resistance machine showed improper technology and poor quality of welds joining individual elements, particularly the bolt with connecting steel. Results of these tests made the basis for introducing the changes to the project. Repeated tests confirmed their rightness. The final evaluation of quality and usefulness of the prototype articulated joint in the connections of movable protection barrier were defined during the crash tests on the test track of the Certified Research Laboratory of the Research Institute for Roads and Bridges. The crash tests were performed for selected collision criteria (TB11 and TB32), normal restrain level (N2), using three passengers cars. Applied concrete barrier test procedures are in accordance with the requirements of national standards, that make the equivalents of the European standards.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 1; 85-92
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przesłanki do udoskonalania systemów zabezpieczeń biernych w zderzeniach bocznych
Motivations for improving passive safety systems for side crashes
Autorzy:
Gierczycka-Zbrożek, D.
Zwierzchowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/312511.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
zderzenia boczne
bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego
wypadki drogowe
przyczyny wypadków
side crashes
road safety
road accidents
reasons of crash
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia, jakim są zderzenia boczne. Zwrócono uwagę na wyjątkowo wysoki odsetek osób powyżej 65 roku życia powodujących tego typu wypadki. Podjęto próbę wyjaśnienia możliwych przyczyn powszechnego występowania tego typu kolizji wśród osób starszych oraz zasygnalizowano tendencje demograficzne, mogące mieć wpływ na zwiększenie się zakresu problemu. W pracy przedstawiono istniejące rozwiązania z zakresu bezpieczeństwa biernego, mające na celu zminimalizowanie obrażeń w zderzeniach bocznych.
The paper gives a short overview of the problem of side crashes. Special attentions is focused on elderly drivers, frequently involved at-fault in this type of collisions. A description of possible reasons of causing such crashes by elderly is given and demographical tendencies, possibly increasing the range of the problem, are presented. The existing passive safety solutions minimizing injuries during side crashes and research plans of Wroclaw University of Technology are also explained.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2010, 11, 6
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The analysis of the influence of the rear seat passenger position on the kinematics and dynamic loads on a torso and legs during a road accident
Autorzy:
Prochowski, L.,
Żuchowski, A,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245281.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
road transport
vehicle safety
crash tests
safety of passengers
rear seat
Opis:
The analysis carried out by the authors indicates high threat to the rear seat passengers in passenger cars during a road accident. Vehicle designers indicate potential threats for passengers when they take a position in a car which is unexpected by a manufacturer of passive protection systems. Based on that, the tests were prepared in order to consider several different positions of a rear seat passenger. In particular, attention was paid to a threat to passengers when they take a position unexpected by a manufacturer of the passive protection systems in a car. Indicating and justifying a need to adjust the operation of the individual protection means to a passenger anatomy and current passenger position in a car in order to optimize his protection makes an important aim of these tests. This paper presents the results of the tests performed with a Hybrid III dummy, size M50, placed in three different positions in the back seat of a car. During each test, a series of physical values were measured and the motion of a dummy against the car body and the car interior components were filmed. The effects resulting from a change of a passenger’s position, observed on the courses of dynamic loads occurring during an accident, were analysed. Despite of small changes to a passenger’s position, their significant influence on the dummy movement during a frontal collision of a car and an obstacle was observed.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 2; 335-342
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ metod naprawy podłużnicy na bezpieczeństwo bierne pojazdu osobowego
Influence of method repair of longitudinal on passive safety of passenger vehicle
Autorzy:
Węgrzyn, T.
Hadryś, D.
Świerkosz, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/270532.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Centralny Ośrodek Badawczo-Rozwojowy Aparatury Badawczej i Dydaktycznej, COBRABiD
Tematy:
podłużnica
bezpieczeństwo bierne
stopy aluminium
zderzenie
longitudinal
passive safety
aluminum alloy
car crash
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia dotyczące naprawy powypadkowej podłużnie samonośnego nadwozia pojazdu, wykonanych ze stopów aluminium. Przeprowadzono badania o charakterze dynamicznym i porównano wyniki dla elementów nowych i naprawionych. Podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, która z zaproponowanych metod naprawy jest lepsza w aspekcie bezpieczeństwa użytkowników pojazdu.
The article presents the issues of post-accident repair of carbody longitudinal, which are made by aluminum alloys. The dynamic tests were carried out. Results for new and repaired parts were compared. It attempts to answer the question, which of the proposed repair method is better in terms of safety of the vehicle users.
Źródło:
Aparatura Badawcza i Dydaktyczna; 2013, 18, 2; 141-147
2392-1765
Pojawia się w:
Aparatura Badawcza i Dydaktyczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The identification of damping and stiffness parameters of a driver model on the basis of crash tests
Autorzy:
Jaśkiewicz, M.
Stańczyk, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244137.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
passive safety
crashes
parameter identification
protection
head injuries
Opis:
The following paper presents the identification of damping and stiffness parameters o f a man model on the basis of crash tests conducted in PIMot. The frame analysis of the film with a registered crash test was conducted. On the basis of this analysis there were prepared the characteristics of horizontal and vertical displacements in time function and a movement trajectory for each part of the dummy. Theses characteristics were used in an identification procedure. The values of identified parameters were stipulated in the work. The correctness of obtained results has been illustrated by the comparison of results of tests and a computer simulation conducted with the use o f a dynamic man model and identified parameters values. Obtained results were used to conduct simulations which show the influence of an age weakened muscle structure of a man (manifested with the decrease of the values of damping and stiffness parameters) onto the man movement during a crash. Additionally it has been illustrated the conformity of obtained test results through the presentation of frames of the film from the test with a model outline from computer simulation. Conducted simulations demonstrate that more serious injuries during car crashes with elderly people may be caused not only by a age decreasing man body strength.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 1; 229-238
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Testing the results of a passenger vehicle collision with a rigid barrier
Autorzy:
Borkowski, W.
Hryciów, Z.
Rybak, P.
Wysocki, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245925.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
road safety barrier
crash tests
computer simulation
LS-DYNA
Opis:
High accident index in Poland, including one of the highest death rates in EU, forces undertaking the intense works in order to improve traffic safety. Published road accident statistics indicate that the most dangerous accidents include a vehicle collision with a tree, post or other road object. The road safety barriers make the road infrastructure elements that can signiflcantly protect against that type of accidents. The work presents basie tasks and requirements imposed on the barriers. Problems related to a proper selection of the barriers have been also highlighted. The tools facilitating the barrier design include numerical modelling. The modelling has been done by means of the LS-DYNA software, using the finite element method. A general structure and a developed barrier model as well as vehicle model have been presented. The conditions of the numerical tests have been also specifled. The work presents the results of influence of car impact angle with a rigid safety barrier. Presented results refer to a car o f mas s of 900 kg, making a bas is for the tests of the limiting systems for several limiting levels: including normal limit N2 (according to EN 1317-2). Compared to standard requirements, the scope of numerical tests has been extended by other car impact angle values. The work presents vehicle trajectories and deformations of their bodies. It also includes examples of velocities and acceleration courses and acceleration severity indexes (ASI) calculated on their basis. Obtained results indicate that the barrier location angle has a high influence on the safety level ofthe car passengers as well as on the car motion trajectory after collision
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 1; 51-57
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical and experimental analyses of a lighting pole in terms of passive safety of 100HE3 class
Autorzy:
Jedliński, Tomasz
Buśkiewicz, Jacek
Fritzkowski, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2146584.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Poznańska. Instytut Mechaniki Stosowanej
Tematy:
passive safety
crash test
EN 12767
finite element method
Ansys LS-DYNA
bezpieczeństwo bierne
test zderzeniowy
metoda elementów skończonych
Opis:
Nowadays trends related to the road safety make the lighting poles producers meet rigorous requirements that decrease the risk of death and injury of vehicle drivers in case of the impact. New requirements are in force from 1 January 2015, when Road and Bridge Research Institute informed that each pole liable to a direct vehicle impact has to meet Standard PN-EN 12767. The article presents the design of a novel, safe lighting pole. The novelty lies in the pole simplicity, which results in the manufacturing technology the cost of which is comparable to that of the conventional pole. Compared to the conventional poles of thickness 3 mm and greater, this one is made of thin-walled steel sheet of increased strength parameters and specially designed sleeve that is fixed to the base plate. The crash tests carried out on the track for the impact experiments proved that the requirements of the standards in the driver highest safety class and in the high vehicle kinetic energy absorption were satisfied both for the speed impact 35 km/h and 100 km/h. The numerical model for simulations of the vehicle behaviour during and after the impact was implemented in software Ansys LS-Dyna. The simplifications of some elements were of negligible influence on the analysed phenomena. The comparative parameters were ASI, THIV and exit velocity of the vehicle. The numerical results were close to the empirical ones, therefore they confirmed that finite element analysis can be successfully applied at the stage of elaborating of the initial concepts of the road lightning poles. It follows that the number of expensive crash tests can be reduced.
Źródło:
Vibrations in Physical Systems; 2020, 31, 3; art. no. 2020307
0860-6897
Pojawia się w:
Vibrations in Physical Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The analysis of safety of rear seat occupants of a passenger car during the road accident
Analiza stanu bezpieczeństwa pasażerów na tylnych siedzeniach samochodu osobowego podczas wypadku drogowego
Autorzy:
Żuchowski, A.
Prochowski, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1365085.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
Tematy:
bezpieczeństwo pojazdu
bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego
pasażer na tylnym siedzeniu
testy zderzeniowe
transport
crash testes
rear seat occupant
road safety
vehicle safety
Opis:
The test results indicate that in many structural solutions of the passenger cars, dynamic loads of the rear seat passengers can be significantly higher compared to the front seat passengers, so the risk of injuries is higher for them. The work specifies examples of courses of dynamic loads that occur during the frontal collision with an obstacle and that affect the front seat and the rear seat passengers. At the same time, the attention is paid to relations between a seat occupied in a car and the probability of injuries in various road accidents. The analysis of dynamic loads that affect the rear seat passengers in many cars has been carried out. In order to do that, the laboratory test (crash test) results have been used. Dynamic loads affecting the passengers of various anthropometrical features have been considered. The results of those analyses have been referred to the loads affecting a driver and a front seat passenger, that is the persons who drive a car and are protected by typical passive safety systems on the front seats. The indexes of biomechanical human body resistance to impact load results have been used during the evaluation.
Wyniki badań pokazują, że w wielu rozwiązaniach konstrukcyjnych samochodów osobowych, obciążenia dynamiczne pasażerów na tylnych siedzeniach mogą być znacznie większe niż osób na przednich fotelach, a więc i ryzyko obrażeń jest dla nich wyższe. W pracy zestawiono przykładowe przebiegi obciążeń dynamicznych, powstających podczas czołowego uderzenia w przeszkodę i które działają na osoby jadące w pierwszym i drugim rzędzie foteli samochodowych. Jednocześnie zwrócono uwagę na relacje między miejscem zajmowanym w samochodzie a prawdopodobieństwem odniesienia obrażeń w różnych wypadkach drogowych. Przeprowadzono analizę obciążeń dynamicznych, jakie działają na osoby na tylnych siedzeniach w wielu samochodach. W tym celu wykorzystano wyniki badań laboratoryjnych (testów zderzeniowych) samochodów. Rozważono obciążenia dynamiczne działające na pasażerów o różnych cechach antropometrycznych. Wyniki tych analiz odniesiono do obciążeń działających na kierowcę i pasażera obok kierowcy, a więc do osób jadących, które są chronione przez typowe systemy bezpieczeństwa biernego na przednich fotelach. Podczas oceny wykorzystano wskaźnika biomechanicznej odporności ciała człowieka na skutki obciążeń udarowych.
Źródło:
Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2011, 3; 81-96
1234-754X
2084-476X
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Motoryzacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Projektowanie drogowych tymczasowych barier ochronnych dla samochodów osobowych
Designing road temporary safety barriers for passenger cars
Autorzy:
Kaszyńska, Maria
Zieliński, Adam
Skibicki, Szymon
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1860528.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polski Związek Inżynierów i Techników Budownictwa
Tematy:
bariera drogowa tymczasowa
analiza numeryczna
bariera stalowa
LS-DYNA
test zderzeniowy
samochód osobowy
symulacja zderzenia
projektowanie
temporary road barriers
numerical analysis
steel barrier
crash test
passenger car
crash simulation
designing
Opis:
W artykule omówiono proces projektowania innowacyjnej tymczasowej bariery ochronnej spełniającej wymagania normy EN 1317 i zapewniającej poziom bezpieczeństwa T1/W1. Proces projektowy wspomagany był przez analizy teoretyczne, modelowe, badania laboratoryjne i symulacyjne (MES). Symulacja numeryczna testów zderzeniowych dała zbliżone rezultaty co do długości kontaktu pojazdu podczas zderzenia, prędkości pojazdu po zderzeniu, deformacji bariery, rozkładu uszkodzeń oraz czasu uderzenia, do wartości uzyskanych w rzeczywistych testach zderzeniowych przeprowadzonych na specjalnym torze. Zachowanie systemu bariery podczas symulacji zderzenia w programie LS-DYNA zostało dobrze odwzorowane. Zaprojektowana bariera po rzeczywistych testach zderzeniowych uzyskała certyfikat potwierdzający wymagane dla danej kategorii barier parametry i została wdrożona do produkcji.
The paper presents a design procedure for an innovative temporary traffic barrier according to EN 1317 with a safety level T1/W1. The design involved theoretical analysis, modeling, lab tests and simulations (FEM). Numerical simulation of the crash tests accurately predicted the contact length for a vehicle, vehicle speed after crash, deformation of the barrier, location of deformation and time. The crash test was carried out on a designated test track. The simulated behavior of the barrier using LS-DYNA program was confirmed by tests. After tests, the designed barrier received an official certification required for commercial implementation.
Źródło:
Przegląd Budowlany; 2021, 92, 5-6; 18-25
0033-2038
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Budowlany
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Possible Options in Identifying an Explosion on Board an Aircraft Based on The Characteristics of Scattered Remains
Autorzy:
Konieczka, Robert
Zastawny, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174779.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Centrum Rzeczoznawstwa Budowlanego Sp. z o.o.
Tematy:
explosion
plane crash investigations
safety
eksplozja
badania katastrof lotniczych
bezpieczeństwo
Opis:
This article attempts to determine the possibility of identifying an explosion on board an aircraft based on the scattered remains. To reach this goal, a detailed analysis of reports on aviation accidents was performed in the context of the scattering of remains at various crash sites. Moreover, explosions cause an emission of large amounts of hot gases at supersonic speeds, which is the main source of destruction. The destruction is quite characteristic and depends on the material subjected to damage. It allows for the unequivocal identification of an explosion. The performed analysis and conclusions confirmed the thesis set forth in the article that, by means of analyzing the scattered remains after a plane crash, it is possible to determine, with high probability, whether an explosion occurred on board during the flight, which could be the cause of the event. This way of initially determining the causes of accidents would allow for targeting further accident investigation methodology and improving the workflows for teams investigating plane crashes.
Źródło:
Safety & Defense; 2022, 2; 46--52
2450-551X
Pojawia się w:
Safety & Defense
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Utilizing crash and violation data to assess unsafe driving actions
Autorzy:
Rezapour Mashhadi, M. M.
Wulff, S. S.
Ksaibati, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2140833.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Fundacja Centrum Badań Socjologicznych
Tematy:
No Improper driving
improper lane change
drive too fast for conditions
violation
citation
enforcement
Traffic Safety
road safety
Multinomial logistic regression
vehicle maneuver
point of impact
Opis:
Wyoming has one of the highest crash rates in the United States and a higher fatality rate than the U.S. average. These high rates result from many factors such as the high traffic through I-80 and the mountainous areas of Wyoming. This study employed two approaches to study contributory factors to crashes in the most hazardous interstate, I-80, in Wyoming by employing crash and citation data sets. Different factors may contribute to different driver actions so it is important to consider these crash causes separately. Thus, multiple logistic regression models were used in this study to examine the differences in crash-contributing factors for three driver actions: driving too fast for conditions, improper lane change, and no improper driving. These driver actions account for about 70% of all the crash causes on this interstate. The same violations as the two driver actions, improper lane change and driving too fast for conditions, account for 42% of all the crashes. The literature has indicated that previous violations can be used to predict future violations, and consequently crashes. Therefore, these violations were identified to detect the groups that are at higher risk of involvement in crashes. The analyses indicated that there are substantial differences across different driver actions for crash and violation data. For instance, not-dry-surface conditions increased the estimated odds of driving too fast for conditions 33 times while it decreased the risk of no improper driving by an estimated 250%. Crash severity, number of vehicles, vehicle maneuver, point of impact, driver condition, and speed compliance also impacted different driver actions differently. The results of violation analyses revealed that the interaction between types of vehicle and various variables were significant. For instance, nonresident truck drivers were more likely to violate all types of risky violations, which increased the estimated odds of crashes, compared with resident truck drivers. Recommendations based on the results are provided for policy makers to reduce high crash rate in the state.
Źródło:
Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics; 2017, 2, 2; 35-46
2520-2979
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental verification of simulation of TB32 crash test for SP-05/2 road safety barrier on horizontal concave arc
Weryfikacja eksperymentalna symulacji testu zderzeniowego TB32 drogowej bariery ochronnej SP-05/2 w łuku poziomym wklęsłym
Autorzy:
Klasztorny, M.
Zielonka, K.
Nycz, D. B.
Posuniak, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/104375.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Rzeszowska im. Ignacego Łukasiewicza. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
road barrier
safety barrier
horizontal concave arc
simulation
crash test
experimental verification
modelling
bariera drogowa
bariera ochronna
łuk poziomy wklęsły
test zderzeniowy
weryfikacja eksperymentalna
modelowanie
symulacja
Opis:
The study concerns a selected road safety barrier consisting of a B-type guiderail, Sigma-100 posts with 2.00 m spacing, and supporting elements of a trapezoid cross section, located between the posts and the guiderail. The barrier is formed on a horizontal concave arc having a radius of 150 m. The full-scale experimental TB32 crash test was carried out for a vehicle impacting at the angle of 20°, on the testing grounds of the Automotive Industry Institute, Warsaw, Poland. The numerical modelling and simulation methodology of a barrier – vehicle system, recently developed by the authors is applied. Simulation of the above test was performed using LS-Dyna v.971 finite element code, while maintaining the conditions of the experimental test. All the functionality parameters for the barrier are studied, among others, ASI, THIV, working width, vehicle motion trajectory in the exit box. The results of the simulation tests were compared with those of the full-scale experimental test. The experimental verification of the numerical modelling and simulation of the selected crash test is rated positively. It was proven, both numerically and experimentally, that the TB32 crash test does not meet the condition imposed on the vehicle motion trajectory in the exit box.
Przedmiotem badań numerycznych i eksperymentalnych jest stalowa taśmowa drogowa bariera ochronna, składająca się z prowadnicy typu B, słupków Sigma-100 w odstępach 2,00 m oraz elementów podporowych. Bariera jest w łuku poziomym wklęsłym o promieniu 150 m. Test zderzeniowy TB32 według PN-EN 1317 przeprowadzono na poligonie Przemysłowego Instytutu Motoryzacji w Warszawie, z użyciem samochodu Dodge Neon. Zastosowano metodologię modelowania numerycznego i symulacji układu bariera – pojazd opracowaną przez część zespołu autorów. Symulację ww. testu zderzeniowego przeprowadzono przy zastosowaniu systemu LS-Dyna v.971, przy zachowaniu warunków testu eksperymentalnego. Analizą objęto wszystkie parametry funkcjonalności bariery określone w normie PN-EN 1317, m.in. ASI, THIV, szerokość pracująca, trajektoria ruchu pojazdu w polu wyjścia. Przeprowadzono weryfikację eksperymentalną modelowania numerycznego i symulacji testu TB32. Wynik weryfikacji oceniono pozytywnie. Udowodniono, zarówno numerycznie, jak i eksperymentalnie, że w rozpatrywanym przypadku bariery w łuku poziomym test TB32 nie spełnia kryterium pola wyjścia pojazdu.
Źródło:
Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury; 2017, 64, 2/I; 107-118
2300-5130
2300-8903
Pojawia się w:
Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza stanu bezpieczeństwa na polskich drogach
The analysis of the condition of road safety on Polish roads
Autorzy:
Łukasik, Z.
Kuśmińska-Fijałkowska, A.
Kołodziejczyk, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/317045.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego
wypadek drogowy
zdarzenie drogowe
zagrożenia w ruchu drogowym
road safety
road accident
road crash
road danger
hazard in road traffic
Opis:
W artykule zaprezentowano problem bezpieczeństwa na polskich drogach na podstawie analizy okresu 2005-2015. Opisano wybrane zagadnienia ilustrujące sytuację na drogach, które w sposób szczególny wpływają na poziom bezpieczeństwa uczestników ruchu, m.in liczebność występowania wypadków drogowych, przyczyny ich powstawania, skutki oraz grupy sprawców zdarzeń. Zaprezentowane w artykule wnioski pozwalają przybliżyć i zobrazować genezę tego zjawiska.
In the following article the problem of the safety on Polish roads based on analysis of the years 2005-2015 was presented. Selected issues exemplifying the situation on roads which in a distinctive way influence the safety of road users, e.g. the amount of occurring road accidents, their causes as well as results and the groups of perpetrators, were described. Conclusions presented in the article allow to bring closer and illustrate the genesis of this phenomenon.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2016, 17, 10; 78-84
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sensitivity study on seat belt system key factors in terms of disabled driver behavior during frontal crash
Autorzy:
Sibilski, Kamil
Małachowski, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/306683.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
niepełnosprawność
kierowca
metoda elementów skończonych
bezpieczeństwo
biomechanika
disability
driver
finite element method
safety
biomechanics
Opis:
Each year, many cars (in Poland approximately three hundred) are adopted for disabled driver, to enable them to drive the car independently. The purpose of the paper is to assess the key factors which significantly influence the disabled driver behavior during a frontal crash and have the biggest impact on the safety factors. Methods: To achieve the purpose of the paper, the finite element method was used. The authors built the numerical model which includes operation of all safety systems operating in the real car (sensors, seat belts, airbag). Using this method, the authors simulated few different cases of the frontal crash of the car driven by a person with disabilities. Results: The obtained results were: displacements, velocities and accelerations of the head, pelvis and shoulders. Additional results were also loads in the neck. Based on the achieved results, several biomechanical parameters and criterions (HIC, Nij) were computed. Conclusions: Therefore, during car adaptation for disabled drivers using a four-point seat belts system, this parameter can be optimized to reduce forces acting on the driver chest. Higher values of the force limit reduce Nij and increase HIC and contact forces between the dummy and seatbelts. Therefore, during designing of the pyrotechnic four-point seat belts system, the pretensioner characteristics should be analyzed taking all the driver’s biomechanical parameters into account.
Źródło:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2019, 21, 4; 169-180
1509-409X
2450-6303
Pojawia się w:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Passive safety of high-speed passenger trains at accident collisions on 1520 mm gauge railways
Autorzy:
Sobolevska, M.
Telychko, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/374085.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
passenger trains
accident collisions
passive safety
modular locomotive
driver cab
energy-absorbing devices
mathematical simulation
crash test
pociągi pasażerskie
zderzenie
bezpieczeństwo bierne
lokomotywa modułowa
kabina kierowcy
urządzenie absorbujące energię
symulacja matematyczna
Opis:
The fundamental principles of the passive protection concept of high-speed passenger trains at accident collisions on 1520 mm gauge railways have been developed. The scientific methodology and mathematical models for the analysis of plastic deformation of cab frame elements and energy-absorbing devices (EAD) at an impact have been developed. The cab frame and EAD for a new-generation locomotive have been designed. The EAD prototype crash test has been carried out.
Źródło:
Transport Problems; 2017, 12, 1; 51-62
1896-0596
2300-861X
Pojawia się w:
Transport Problems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An improved mathematical model for vehicle crashagainst highway guardrails
Autorzy:
He, L.
Lin, X.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/224317.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
roadway engineering
mechanical model
roadway guardrail
traffic safety
lateral rotation
vehicle crash
inżynieria drogowa
model mechaniczny
bariera drogowa
poręcz autostradowa
bezpieczeństwo na drodze
Opis:
Highway guardrail is a kind of important road traffic safety facility. When a vehicle is travelling on a highway, it can lose control because of accident. The guardrail can prevent the vehicle from rushing directly out of the road, so as to reduce the injury to the driver in the vehicle. Therefore, the guiding performance, anti-collision performance and buffer performance of the guardrail are important indexes to reflect the highway guardrail safety in the traffic accidents between vehicle and guardrail. The process of collisions between vehicles and guardrails is a complex motion, affected by multiple factors such as the movement patterns and types of vehicles, the types of guardrail, the bending stiffness of the beams, the speed of collision, the angle of collision, etc. The accuracy of energy estimation when vehicle collides with guardrail is the foundation of highway guardrail design, installation and improvement. Many experts and scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of theoretical research and experimental verifications on the safety performance of highway guardrail, and analyzed the anti-collision ability and energy absorption effect of highway guardrail. Single degree of freedom model is the most widely used mathematical model of vehicle collision in highway guardrail. The traditional model is more suitable for calculating the maximum impact force of small vehicles, but it is not accurate for large vehicles. However, due to the unreasonableness of the model in the theoretical derivation process, there is a large error in the mathematical model, especially in estimating the accuracy of the energy value of the large vehicle collision guardrail. Practice shows that the current guardrail cannot withstand the impact of large vehicles. Once large vehicles collide with the corrugated beam guardrail, the guardrail will collapse in most cases, and the vehicle will rush out of the road directly, so it is very difficult to exert the protective function of the guardrail. The anti-collision performance of guardrail is poor, which is related to the existing calculation model, which results in insufficient strength in the design of guardrail.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2018, 48, 4; 41-49
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An approach to improve passive safety by means of "active bumper" which compensates the łuck of cars compatibility as well as different aggressivity when frontal impact of a large truck and a motor car is under consideration
Autorzy:
Kaźmierczak, A.
Górniak, A.
Kawaliło, P.
Krakowian, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243990.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
safety
crash test
compatibility
aggressivity
occupant protection
accident
Opis:
The seriousness of an impact "large truck - motor vehicle" has been exhibited. The procedures of truck and motor car s crash testing were compared in order to point out the necessity of car s crashworthiness investigation in terms of compatibility and impacts between vehicles with large difference in mass and rigidity. Furthermore the paper explains a course of frontal impact between large truck and motor car in order to proof the necessity of cars compatibility as well as aggressivity investigation. The mass effect along with rigidity effect was exhibited as well. Moreover, the paper explains the design as well as objectives of the passive safety devices of both motor car and large truck. The concept of another, innovative passive safety device such as "active bumper" has been emphasized. Its working principia, adaptive control as well as the diagrammatically presented design were pointed out. The bumpers control is very difficult as it will be entirely independent from a driver and it has to operate in random condition, therefore, the paper contains a proposition of controlling algorithm of the "active bumper". It also contains explanation of adaptation of the "active bumper" with various working condition as well as consideration of the "active bumper" application with various types of large trucks design.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 3; 181-188
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selected vehicle monitoring problems with the "e-Call" system taken as an example
Wybrane zagadnienia monitorowania pojazdów na przykładzie systemu „e-Call”
Autorzy:
Pijanowski, B.
Żardecki, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1364600.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
Tematy:
intelligent transportation systems
intelligent car
motor vehicle safety system
e-Call
MSD package
road accident identification and assessment
crash test results
inteligentne systemy transportowe
samochód inteligentny
samochodowy system bezpieczeństwa
eCall
normy
pakiet MSD
identyfikacja i ocena wypadków
wyniki crash testu
Opis:
The paper is dedicated to the problems of monitoring of road vehicles, especially "intelligent" motor vehicles provided with an e-Call system (a safety system with an automatic accident notification function). Following the introduction into the vehicle monitoring issues and presentation in outline of a concept of the e-Call system, supplemented with a list of major relevant documents and draft international and national standards, in particular those concerning the so-called Minimum Set of Data (MSD), the paper in its subsequent part has been focused on the methods of automation of the identification and assessment of effects of vehicle collision accidents. Two methods related to the vital functions of vehicle occupants have been considered: one based on signals obtained from deceleration sensors and another one where signals from pulse sensors and camera images would be used. The possibilities of using the HIC (Head Injury Criterion) indicator by correlating its values with values of the biomedical indicator AIS (Abbreviated Injury Scale), which numerically defines the injury severity degree, have been analysed. Results of tests carried out at the Automotive Industry Institute (PIMOT) wit h the use of both a crash test stand and computer simulation have been cited. The tests were performed on a Suzuki Swift passenger car.
Artykuł poświęcony jest zagadnieniom monitorowania pojazdów drogowych, zwłaszcza samochodów „inteligentnych” wyposażonych w system e-Call (system bezpieczeństwa z funkcją automatycznego powiadamiania o wypadku). Po wprowadzeniu w problematykę monitoringu pojazdów oraz przedstawieniu w zarysie koncepcji systemu e-Call wraz ze specyfikacją ważniejszych dokumentów i projektów norm międzynarodowych i krajowych (w szczególności dotyczące tzw. minimalnego zbioru danych MSD), artykuł koncentruje się na sposobach zautomatyzowania identyfikacji i oceny skutków wypadków, w których występuje zderzenie pojazdu. Rozważane są tu dwie metody odnoszące się do funkcji życiowych kierowcy lub pasażera: metoda bazująca na sygnałach z czujników opóźnień, oraz metoda wykorzystująca sygnały z czujników tętna, a także obraz z kamer. Analizowane są możliwości zastosowania wskaźnika HIC (ang. Head Injury Criterion) poprzez skorelowanie jego wartości z wartościami wskaźnika biomedycznego AIS (ang. Abbreviated Injury Scale) określającego w sposób liczbowy stopień ciężkości urazów. Przytoczone są wyniki badań zderzeniowych, jakie przeprowadzono w Przemysłowym Instytucie Motoryzacji z wykorzystaniem zarówno katapulty, jak i symulacji komputerowej. Badania te dotyczyły samochodu osobowego Suzuki Swift.
Źródło:
Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2013, 3; 25-41
1234-754X
2084-476X
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Motoryzacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biomechanical analysis of injuries of rally driver with head supporting device
Autorzy:
Joszko, K.
Wolański, W.
Burkacki, W.
Suchoń, S.
Zielonka, K.
Muszyński, A.
Gzik, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/307075.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
system bezpieczeństwa
crash test
HANS
safety systems
rally driver
injury assessment of driver
HANS device
Opis:
Purpose: The aim of the study was to develop and verify a model of rally driver with a safety system HANS (head supporting device), which will enable biomechanical analysis of injuries in rally accident. Methods: Simulations were carried out in Madymo® software, the results of which were verified based on sled test performed in the Automotive Industry Institute (PIMOT) in Warsaw. The model being verified allowed us to perform a multivariate simulation of rally accident in terms of assessing effectiveness of protection and usefulness of HANS system. Results: Acceleration waveforms of the head and chest were obtained from numerical experiment and also forces and moments occurring in the upper cervical spine. The results obtained allowed driver injuries to be analyzed based on injury criteria of the head and neck: HIC15, NTE, NTF, NCE and NCF. Conclusions: The analysis enabled assessment of the driver safety while using 4 and 5 point harness with HANS system. In further studies the model developed was used to identify factors affecting the safety of a rally driver.
Źródło:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2016, 18, 4; 159-169
1509-409X
2450-6303
Pojawia się w:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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