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Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 529
Tytuł:
Evaluation of the Toxic Potency of Selected Cadmium Compounds on A549 and CHO-9 Cells
Autorzy:
Zapór, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90271.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
cadmium sulphide
cadmium chloride
cadmium oxide
siarczek kadmu
chlorek kadmu
tlenek kadmu
Opis:
Cytotoxicity of cadmium sulphide, oxide and chloride was tested using A549 and CHO-9 cells. Metabolic activity of cells (MTT test) and cell membrane permeability (NRU test) were used as cytotoxicity endpoints. The results revealed unexpectedly low toxicity of cadmium sulphide as compared to chloride and oxide. This preliminary report does not provide any explanation for this effect, but the result may nevertheless be interesting for future studies of toxicity mechanisms of cadmium compounds. First cadmium compounds caused damage or change in the permeability of cell membranes, then inhibition of metabolic activity of mitochondria. It cannot be ruled out that the cell lysosomes are at first exposed to the effect of cadmium.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2014, 20, 4; 573-581
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cadmium in Ecosystems
Kadm w ekosystemach
Autorzy:
Stoica, A.
Baiulescu, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/388619.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
kadm
toksyczność
ekosystem
cadmium
toxicity
ecosystem
Opis:
Cadmium and its derivatives are considered the most toxic compounds between heavy metals. Beside cadmium have very few independent minerals it is associated in many cases with zinc. Cadmium interacts with zinc in organisms and is a big dependence on the rate of these elements in various humans, animals and plants. It was demonstrated that cadmium compounds can influences to fall ill with cancer. A lot of scientists studied the damage of DNA due to exposure at cadmium compounds in various conditions. It is very interesting to mention the role of trace elements including cadmium in agrosystems. A real source of cadmium is the use of fertilizers. One important studied on cadmium toxicity is the induced oxidative stress. The paper presents some data obtained by the authors concerning the presence of cadmium in waters, foods as well as in various types of clinical and pharmaceutical compounds.
Kadm i jego związki są uważane za najbardziej toksyczne wśród metali ciężkich. Kadm występuje w bardzo niewielu minerałach, często wraz z cynkiem. Ze względu na interakcje pomiędzy kadmem a cynkiem ich zawartość w organizmach ludzkich, zwierzęcych i roślinnych jest zróżnicowana. Wykazano, że związki kadmu wpływają na zwiększenie zachorowań na raka. Badano wpływ związków kadmu na występowanie uszkodzeń w DNA w różnych warunkach. Interesująca jest rola mikropierwiastków, w tym kadmu, w agrosystemach. Dużym źródłem kadmu są stosowane nawozy. Jednym z ważnych kierunków badań jest wpływ toksyczności kadmu na wywołanie stresu oksydacyjnego. Przedstawiono dane uzyskane przez autorów dotyczące obecności kadmu w wodach, żywności, jak i w różnego rodzaju substancjach klinicznych oraz farmaceutycznych.
Źródło:
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A; 2009, 16, 4; 451-456
1898-6188
2084-4530
Pojawia się w:
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of soil contamination with cadmium and application of neutralizing substances on the yield of oat (Avena sativa L.) and the uptake of cadmium by this crop
Autorzy:
Rolka, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/961599.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
Tematy:
soil contamination
cadmium
application
neutralizing substance
yield
oat
Avena sativa
cadmium uptake
crop
Opis:
Cadmium emitted to the natural environment due to anthropogenic pressure can easily move through the trophic chain, thus posing a threat to human and animal health. Soil contamination with cadmium can cause disorders in the growth and development of plants, and therefore may have an adverse effect on the volume and quality of yields. The purpose of this study has been to evaluate the effect of soil contamination with incremental doses of cadmium together with the application of neutralizing substances on the yield of oat (Avena sativa L.) and on the content, uptake and distribution of cadmium in oat plants. The research was based on a pot experiment conducted on cv. Dragon oat, grown on soil with the grain-size composition of loamy sand. Cadmium was introduced to soil in the form of cadmium chloride, in doses equal 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg Cd kg-1. In order to alleviate the negative effect of soil contamination with cadmium, neutralizing substances were used, such as compost, lime and brown coal. The statistical analysis of the results demonstrated the presence of a negative correlation between the cadmium doses and the volume of oat yields. The lowest cadmium dose (10 mg Cd kg-1 of soil) significantly decreased the yield of oat straw and roots; regarding the grain yield, it was significantly depressed by the two highest cadmium doses (30 and 40 mg Cd kg-1 of soil). Of the three neutralizing substances applied, compost had a positive effect on the quantity of grain yield, compost and brown coal affected positively the yield of straw, while soil liming significantly decreased the yield of roots. Soil contamination with cadmium significantly affected the content of cadmium, raising it in the separated parts of oat plants, of which roots contained the distinctly highest amounts of the pollutant. The highest cadmium uptake (1.50 mg Cd pot-1) was detected in oat straw, which on average accumulated 58% of this xenobiotic. All the applied substances neutralizing the soil contamination with cadmium significantly decreased the content and the uptake of this element by oat grain, straw and roots, with lime producing the strongest impact.
Źródło:
Journal of Elementology; 2015, 20, 4
1644-2296
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Elementology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kadm i jego związki nieorganiczne – metoda oznaczania
Cadmium and its compounds – a determination method
Autorzy:
Surgiewicz, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/138082.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
kadm
związki kadmu
metoda analityczna
narażenie zawodowe
cadmium
cadmium compounds
analytical method
occupational exposure
Opis:
Metoda polega na pobraniu kadmu i jego związków na filtr membranowy, mineralizacji filtra stężonym kwasem azotowym i oznaczeniu kadmu w roztworze przygotowanym do analizy metodą absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej w płomieniu acetylen-powietrze. Oznaczalność metody wynosi 0,001 mg/m3.
This method is based on stopping cadmium and its compounds on a membrane filter, mineralizing the sample with concentrated nitric acid and preparing the solution for analysis in diluted nitric acid. Cadmium and its compounds in the solution are determined as cadmium with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The detection limit of determined cadmium in this method is 0.001 mg/m3.
Źródło:
Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy; 2011, 1 (67); 123-128
1231-868X
Pojawia się w:
Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Points to ponder in the study of cadmium iodide
Autorzy:
Kaur, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/411728.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
cadmium iodide
lead iodide
polytypism
phase transformations
Inorganic crystal structure
Opis:
During the growth of cadmium iodide crystals from solution, it has been observed that sometimes the crystal suddenly rotates. Probably, the convection currents are providing the force for the rotation. Mathematically, this force can be estimated and it must be greater than the van-der Walls force acting between adjacent sandwiches of cadmium iodide and can give rise to polytypic phase transformations. Further, studies of vacancies and the density measurements of various polytypes can help in understanding the phenomenon of polytypism better.
Źródło:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy; 2014, 8; 1-5
2299-3843
Pojawia się w:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pro-inflammatory properties of cadmium
Autorzy:
Olszowski, Tomasz
Baranowska-Bosiacka, Irena
Gutowska, Izabela
Chlubek, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1039631.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
inflammatory mediators and markers
cadmium
Opis:
Cadmium is a toxic and carcinogenic heavy metal that nowadays constitutes a serious environmental health problem. The aim of this study is to review the effects of cadmium on selected inflammatory mediators and markers, such as NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β cytokines, IL-8 or MIP-2 chemokine, MPO, iNOS, MMPs and COX-2 enzymes, PGE2 (product of COX-2 enzyme), ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and PECAM-1 adhesion molecules, and CRP. The research strategy identified articles available in Medline, published between 1998 and 2012; we included both in vivo and in vitro studies carried out on humans and rodents. Most of the reviewed research findings suggest that cadmium in micromolar concentrations (especially in the 1-10 μM range) causes up-regulation of the mediators and markers of inflammation, and appears to have pro-inflammatory properties. However, it is worth mentioning that a contradictory or even opposite hypothesis exists, which suggests cadmium to be an anti-inflammatory factor. Further research including detailed histological analyses should solve this discrepancy. Nevertheless, it appears that the main reason for these contradictory findings is the experimental setup: different biological systems analyzed and different doses of cadmium applied.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2012, 59, 4; 475-482
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Remediation of soil contaminated with cadmium
Autorzy:
Zaborowska, M.
Kucharski, J.
Wyszkowska, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/958240.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
Tematy:
soil contamination
cadmium
alkaline phosphatase
acid phosphatase
soil microorganism
soil remediation
Opis:
The search for the best solutions to restore soil balance is essential for attaining a stable and sustainable agricultural development worldwide. This research, which makes a contribution to these investigations, focuses on four substances (two innovative ones: basalt flour, brown algal extract, and two classic soil improvers: finely ground barley straw and compost) which can potentially alleviate the inhibitory effect of Cd2+ on the soil environment. The following were analyzed: the activity of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase, counts of Pseudomonas sp., cellulolytic bacteria, copiotrophic bacteria and copiotrophic spore-forming bacteria, and the yield of spring barley. Cadmium (Cd2+) was applied as CdCl2 · 2.5H2O in the following doses: 0, 4, 40, 80, 120, 160, and 200 mg Cd2+ kg-1 of soil. For a more complete assessment of the soil, its biochemical properties and the counts of microorganisms were scrutinized with the following indices: RS – soil resistance, R:S – rhizosphere effect and EF – fertilization effect of the contamination alleviating substances. It was found that alkaline phosphatase is more sensitive to cadmium contamination of the soil than acid phosphatase. Cadmium did not exert any inhibitory effect on the number of microorganisms present or the yield of spring barley. Cellulolytic bacteria were the least sensitive to stress associated with the accumulation of high cadmium doses in the soil, whereas copiotrophic bacteria were the most sensitive microorganisms to the above stressor. The ability of cadmium-polluted soil to restore homeostasis depended on the type of a soil improver and the level of soil contamination. Negative consequences of cadmium pollution were effectively mitigated by straw, but less so by brown algal extract and basalt flour.
Źródło:
Journal of Elementology; 2015, 20, 3
1644-2296
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Elementology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of cadmium on collagen content and solubility in rat bone.
Autorzy:
Galicka, Anna
Brzóska, Małgorzata
Średzińska, Krystyna
Gindzienski, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1041563.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
rat
collagen
bone
cadmium
Opis:
The toxic action of cadmium in the bone tissue is known, but its mechanisms are still unexplained. We examined whether Cd influences collagen content and its solubility in the femoral bone of three-week-old female rats exposed to 5 or 50 mg Cd/l in drinking water. Non-cross linked collagen was extracted with 0.5 M acetic acid, and two acid-insoluble collagen fractions were extracted with pepsin and 4.0 M guanidine hydrochloride, respectively. SDS/PAGE showed the presence of two collagen types, I and V, in all three extracted fractions. Exposure of rats to Cd for 6 months increased the amount of acid-soluble collagens type I and V and decreased the level of acid-insoluble collagens. The amount of total collagen extracted from the bones of rats exposed to 50 mg Cd/l was reduced by about 14% as compared to control and those intoxicated with 5 mg Cd/l. The solubility of type I bone collagen (determined as the percentage of acetic-soluble fraction of total collagen) was increased 2.9- and 3.0-fold in rats intoxicated with 5 and 50 mg Cd/l, respectively. Similarly, the solubility of type V collagen was increased 2.3- and 2.7-fold, respectively. Our results indicate that Cd treatment affects bone collagen by decreasing its content and increasing its solubility.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2004, 51, 3; 825-829
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Adsorption of cadmium ions on chitosan membranes: kinetics and equilibrium studies
Autorzy:
Zielińska, Katarzyna
Chostenko, Alexandre G.
Truszkowski, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1035519.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Polskie Towarzystwo Chitynowe
Tematy:
adsorption isotherm
cadmium
chitosan
membranes
Opis:
The presence of toxic heavy metals in industrial wastewater is a serious pollution problem. The ability of chitosan membranes as an adsorbent for cadmium ions in aqueous solution was studied. Experiments were carried out as function of contact time and concentration of cadmium ions. This study has shown that chitosan is capable of removing cadmium from aqueous solution. The removal efficiency depends on reaction time and concentration of cadmium. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to describe the isotherms and isotherm constants. Equilibrium data agreed very well with the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity of the Langmuir isotherm equation was 94 mg/g and the Langmuir adsorption equilibrium constant was 1.6 × 10-3 dm3/mg at 25 °C.
Źródło:
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives; 2010, 15; 73-78
1896-5644
Pojawia się w:
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cadmium Immobilization in the Rice – Paddy Soil with Biochar Additive
Autorzy:
Thi, Khac Vu
Lan, Phuong Dinh Thi
Hang, Nga Nguyen Thi
Thanh, Hoa Nguyen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086382.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
Cd
cadmium
soil contamination
rice grain
cadmium accumulation
biochar
straw
Opis:
Cadmium (Cd) is toxic for humans, but its effects on the yield and quality of rice under contaminated irrigation conditions remain uncertain. In this study, paddy soils in the Red River Delta (Vietnam) were selected for experiments with the purpose of understanding the effects of Cd contaminated irrigation water on growth, yields, and grain Cd accumulation. In addition, biochar was produced from rice husk (BRH) and rice straw for preventing Cd infiltration into rice was also studied in this experiment. A field experiment was established with applicated BRH and straw into polluted paddy soil, as a result the Cd content in grains reduced significantly. The Cd contaminated soil was added to the BRH and rice straw (RS) with six ratios, including: (1) RS 2.5%, (2) BRH 2.5%, (3) RS-BRH: 1.25–1.25%, (4) RS 5.0%, (5) BRH 5.0%, (6) RS-BRH: 2.5–2.5%, (w:w). Besides, three content levels 0.01–0.05–0.5 mg/L of Cd in irrigation water were applied throughout crop season. The results showed that the Cd accumulation in rice was in the following order: roots > stems > seeds. With 3 contaminated irrigation levels which were applied, the Cd concentrations of 0.05 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L affected plant height and yield. However, the Cd content in grains under contaminated soil condition can be controlled from 82.47–83.94% by applying a BRH ratio from 2.5–5% (w:w).
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2022, 23, 4; 85--95
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 529

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