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Tytuł:
Burn-in procedures in accelerated environment and system maintenance policies
Autorzy:
Cha, J. H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2069586.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Polskie Towarzystwo Bezpieczeństwa i Niezawodności
Tematy:
accelerated burn-in
bathtub-shaped failure rate function
optimal burn-in
replacement policy
Opis:
Burn-in is a widely used engineering method which is adopted to eliminate defective items before they are shipped to customers or put into field operation. In order to shorten the burn-in process, burn-in is most often accomplished in an accelerated environment. However, there have been few probabilistic or stochastic models for the burn-in procedures in accelerated environment. In this paper, under a new stochastic model for accelerated burn-in procedure, the problems of determining both optimal accelerated burn-in time and optimal replacement policy are considered. Components are burned-in under an accelerated environment, then those surviving the burn-in procedure are put into field operation and they are maintained under a replacement policy. The properties of the optimal accelerated burn-in time and optimal replacement policy are obtained and a numerical example which illustrates the usage of obtained results will be presented.
Źródło:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association; 2008, 1; 101--107
2084-5316
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Change of Traditional Method of Treatment of Partial Thickness Burn with Hydrofibre Dressings
Autorzy:
Mitura, Kryspin
Osłowska, Jolanta
Mitura, Alicja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1395548.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-02-01
Wydawca:
Index Copernicus International
Tematy:
skin burn wound
partial thickness burn
hydrofiber dressing
silver ions
Opis:
Nearly 1% of population is affected with burn trauma annually. Among patients seeking advanced medical care almost 8% require hospital stay. Most burns are superficial and do not cause full thickness damage to the skin. Standard topical treatment of burn wounds with creams and ointments requires frequent dressings’ changes. The healing process is long and expensive. The technological revolution, as occurred in the last decade in the field of dressing care allows us to introduce the use of advanced material solutions. Modern materials allow to shorten the treatment time, reduce the expenses and diminish the patient discomfort leading to good outcome. The study presented a case of four patients treated due to the partial thickness burn wound. Hydrofiber dressing with silver ions were introduced in the treatment. We observed good short and long term results
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Surgery; 2015, 87, 2; 91-96
0032-373X
2299-2847
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Surgery
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of Risk of Burn Out at Workers in the Field of Social Services and Health Care
Autorzy:
Budayová, Zuzana
Ludvigh Cintulová, Lucia
Mrosková, Lenka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/18668779.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-06-20
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
Tematy:
Burn out
signs of burn out
Social work
health care
Opis:
Aim. The aim of the research was to analyse the burnout rate of these social workers and nurses, as well as to determine the relationship between burnout syndrome and other important factors, including lifestyle, stress, resistance to stress and other selected demographic indicators. Methods. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to collect burnout data in 2021 during the second wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. The research sample consisted of 623 women aged 35-55 who work in social services facilities for the elderly and nurses working in the geriatrics department at a hospital in the western part of Slovakia. Results. Research has shown that lifestyle has a significant impact on the development of burnout syndrome in connection with the quality of work and personal relationships, which can help eliminate feelings of frustration, exhaustion and personal failure in the workplace. Burnout affects social workers regardless of age and education, but with older age and length of practice in the same facility, the risk of manifestations of burnout increases. Significant differences in burnout rates between social workers and nurses in the individual dimensions of exhaustion, depersonalisation and professional attitudes were confirmed. High levels of exhaustion have even shown an increased risk of alcohol consumption among these workers. Conclusion. The development of chronic stress in health care workers can put them at risk of burnout, which is characterized by emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP) in interactions with patients and social clients, and low levels of personal accomplishment (PA) in social work and health care.
Źródło:
Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2023, 14, 1; 365-380
2081-1640
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Education Culture and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wypalenie zawodowe – przyczyny, objawy, skutki, zapobieganie
Job burn-out - causes, symptoms, effects, prevention
Autorzy:
Ostrowska, M.
Michcik, A
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/179093.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
zespół wypalenia zawodowego
objawy
przyczyny
zapobieganie
job burn-out
symptoms
causes
prevention
Opis:
W ostatnich latach wypalenie zawodowe jest coraz powszechniejszym zjawiskiem. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie Czytelnikowi jego genezy i definicji oraz najczęstszych przyczyn i objawów. W pracy zaprezentowano fazy wypalenia zawodowego według American Psychology Association oraz Freudenbergera i Northa. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na konsekwencje tego syndromu zarówno dla jednostki na nie cierpiącej, jak i organizacji. Przedstawiono też sposoby przeciwdziałania tej chorobie zawodowej oraz podjęto próbę analizy wybranych badań dostępnych w literaturze.
In recent years, burn –out has become an increasingly common phenomenon This article provides the reader with the origins, definitions and the most common causes and symptoms of burn-out It presents phases burn-out according to the American Psychology Association, and Freundenberger and North. This article draws attention to the consequences of this syndrome, both for the individual suffering from it and the organization it also discusses ways of preventing this occupational disease and analysis of selected studies.
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka; 2013, 8; 22-25
0137-7043
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Antibacterial activity of modified zinc oxide nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates of burn infections
Autorzy:
Aysa, Noor Hadi
Salman, Halah Dawood
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1191368.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Antimicrobial activity
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
ZnO
burn infection
nanoparticles
surface modification
Opis:
In this research antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles ZnO on perilous bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated. P. aeruginosa is important pathogen that caused burn wound infections as it is multi-drug resistant and has several virulence factors. Fifteen samples of P. aeruginosa were collected from patients who suffering from Burn infections in Al-Hilla teaching hospital burn unit with the age range between (7-80) years old for both genders. After collecting burn samples, the diagnosis and characterization were performed by culturing and biochemical tests. ZnO NPs were synthesized by chemical method, Zinc oxide nanoparticles are well-known to be one of the multifunctional inorganic compounds which are widely used in medical applications. This study aims to prepare ZnO nanoparticles with particle size ranging from 23-29  nm. In the present study, surface modification of ZnO nanoparticles was performed, and influence of modification of the structure and morphological properties was investigated. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force (AFM). Zinc oxide nanoparticles with the average diameter of about 29 nm were modified with an oleic acid to exert more compatibility. From the results obtained it is suggested that modified ZnO-nanoparticles could be used effectively in safety environmental and medical applications. Antibacterial activity for nanoparticle ZnO against P. aeruginosa isolates was measured by: Agar Diffusion Technique and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)/Minimum bactericidal Concentration (MBC) with microdilution. The best zone of inhibition was (35.5mm) at a concentration of 40 μg/ml of nano-ZnO in one strain of P. aeruginosa while the lowest inhibition zone was (16 mm) at a concentration of 20 μg/ml of nano ZnO in one strain also. In addition, all P. aeruginosa isolates were completely inhibited at the concentration of 3.7 μg/ml of nano-ZnO (MIC) but no significant antibacterial activity was observed at concentrations less than 1.8 μg/ml of nano-ZnO and the (MBC) was same as MIC (3.7 μg/ml) for all P.aeruginosa isolates.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2016, 33; 1-14
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Badania temperaturowe modułów elektronicznych
Temperature testing of electronic modules
Autorzy:
Ćwirko, J.
Ćwirko, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/209036.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
Tematy:
diagnostyka temperaturowa
bezkontaktowy pomiar temperatury
temperaturowy system skaningowy
test burn-in
temperature diagnostics
non-contact temperature measurement
temperature mapping system
burn test
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono system pomiarowy do wyznaczania rozkładu temperatury modułów elektronicznych. Czujnik pirometryczny umożliwia wykonanie bezkontaktowych pomiarów temperatury. Przedstawiony system umożliwia badania dwu- lub trójwymiarowych rozkładów wartości temperatury płyt głównych komputerów PC lub central alarmowych. W drugiej części artykułu przedstawiono zrealizowane stanowisko pomiarowe do wykonywania badań środowiskowych typu burn-in.
In this paper, the temperature mapping system for electronic devices is presented. The pyroelectronic temperature sensor enables non-contact measurements. The measured system provides two or three dimensions temperature scan of electronic modules as PC motherboards or security system motherboards. In the second part of this paper, the measurement system for thermal environment test on security system modules is presented.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej; 2008, 57, 2; 133-142
1234-5865
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Burn disease - the possibility of limiting its effects in the prehospital phase
Choroba oparzeniowa - możliwości ograniczenia jej skutków w fazie przedszpitalnej
Autorzy:
Zdanowski, Rafał
Radziszewski, Jakub
Gorgone, Chiara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1033102.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Pomocy Doraźnej
Tematy:
burn disease
burns
first aid.
injuries
medical emergency
Opis:
Burns represent a significant percentage of injuries amongst trauma patients. The risks from a burn wound depends on the causative factor, time and place of exposure, extent and severity of the burn. Classification according to the American Burn Association indicates that severe burns should be diagnosed from as low as 10% of Third-degree total body surface burn. The burn disease develops progressively through shock, catabolic and anabolic phases until the development of Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS). Actions performed in the pre-hospital phase are crucial for the effectiveness of the therapeutic process. Wrongful first aid performed by a witnesses of the event may worsen the patient's condition and lead to secondary infection. Studies available in the literature indicate the use of egg whites, yoghurts and ice as means of first aid. Educational projects to promote good practice, using products such as hydrogel dressings, seem therefore necessary. Medical personnel should quickly assess the extent and severity of burns. Furthermore, one ought to implement volume-calculated fluid therapy, protect the respiratory tract and strive to ensure thermal comfort. It seems mandatory to assess the extent of pain and administer appropriate pharmacological measures to perform analgosedation. Due to the limited number of specialist burn treatment centres, paramedics should consider indications for hospitalization and the use of Medical Air Rescue (MAR) enabling rapid patient allocation.
Oparzenia stanowią znaczny odsetek wśród pacjentów urazowych. Zagrożenia wynikające z powstania rany oparzeniowej zależą od czynnika powodującego, czasu i miejsca ekspozycji, rozległości oraz stopnia oparzenia. Klasyfikacja według American Burn Association wskazuje, że oparzenia ciężkie należy rozpoznać już od 10% powierzchni ciała oparzonej w stopniu III. Choroba oparzeniowa rozwija się stopniowo przechodząc przez fazę wstrząsową, kataboliczną, anaboliczną, aż do rozwinięcia się pełnoobjawowego zespołu niewydolności wielonarządowej (MODS – Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome). Dla skuteczności procesu terapeutycznego kluczowe są działania wykonane w fazie przedszpitalnej. Błędnie udzielona pierwsza pomoc przez świadków zdarzenia może pogorszyć stan pacjenta i prowadzić do wtórnego zakażenia. Badania dostępne w literaturze wskazują na wykorzystywanie w ramach pierwszej pomocy białek jaj kurzych, jogurtów i lodu. Dlatego konieczne wydają się projekty edukacyjne promujące prawidłowe zasady postępowania, z wykorzystaniem takich produktów jak opatrunki hydrożelowe. Personel medyczny powinien dokonać szybkiej oceny rozległości i stopnia oparzeń. Należy wdrożyć odpowiednio wyliczoną objętościowo płynoterapię, zabezpieczyć drogi oddechowe i dążyć do zachowania komfortu termicznego. Obowiązkowa wydaje się ocena skali bólu oraz podanie właściwych środków farmakologicznych w celu wykonania analgosedacji. Z uwagi na ograniczoną liczbę specjalistycznych ośrodków leczenia oparzeń ratownicy medyczni powinni rozważyć wskazania do hospitalizacji, a także wykorzystanie Medical Air Rescue (MAR) umożliwiającego szybką alokację pacjenta.
Źródło:
Critical Care Innovations; 2019, 2, 4; 25-35
2545-2533
Pojawia się w:
Critical Care Innovations
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wiebe function parameter determination for mass fraction burn calculation in an ETHANOL-GASOLINE fuelled SI engine
Autorzy:
Yeliana, Yeliana
Cooney, C.
Worm, J.
Michalek, D.
Naber, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/949481.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
ethanol-gasoline blend
mass fraction burn
IC engine
Wiebe function
Opis:
The Mass Fraction Burn (MFB) and Heat Release Rate (HRR) reflect the amount of fuel burned and the rate of burning throughout the combustion process in an internal combustion engine. These parameters play a crucial role in research and development endeavours focused on engine efficiency, emissions, and overall operating performance. Analytically in a Spark-Ignition (SI) engine, these parameters are often modelled with the Wiebe function, a well known mass fraction burn formulation, which is a function of "a" (efficiency parameter), "m" (form factor), crank angle, and the duration of combustion. This function is a simple but powerful correlation model that is well suited for zero and one dimensional engine cycle simulations. In this work, the Wiebe function parameters are determined over a range of fuel compositions and compression ratios by fitting the Wiebe function curve to the experimentally obtained MFB data from a single-zone HRR analysis. The Wiebe function parameters are determined using a curve fitting model by finding the minimum of a scalar function of several variables. This functionality has been built into the single-zone mass fraction burned model. Experiments with five ethanol-gasoline fuel blends: E0 (gasoline), E20, E40, E60, and E84 were conducted on a SI Cooperative Fuels Research (CFR) engine while holding a constant load of 330 kPa Net Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (Net IMEP). There were five methods introduced to fit the Wiebe function parameters, which utilized a combination of least square method and direct algebraic solution. This paper details the process used to determine the Wiebe function parameters, and compare the results obtained using these methods for the ethanol-gasoline mixture concentrations.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 3; 567-574
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Impact of the Types of Microorganisms Isolated from Blood and Wounds on the Results of Treatment in Burn Patients with Sepsis
Autorzy:
Glik, Justyna
Kawecki, Marek
Gaździk, Tadeusz
Nowak, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1396591.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-01-01
Wydawca:
Index Copernicus International
Tematy:
burns
sepsis
burn wound infections
blood infection
Opis:
Despite development of combustiology, infections continue to be the most important cause of death among patients with burns. Sepsis is the most severe clinical presentation of infection in patients after thermal injuries who require immediate treatment. Early diagnosis and proper treatment of sepsis are important in the clinical management that is often hampered for multiple reasons, e.g. impaired patient immunity, problems with microorganisms with multi-antibacterial drug resistance.The aim of the study was to assess effect of type of a microorganism isolated from blood and wound on results of treatment of sepsis in patients with burns.Material and methods. Effect of type of microorganisms isolated from blood and wound on the result of treatment of sepsis was studied in 338 patients hospitalized immediately after an injury in Centre for Burn Treatment in Siemianowice Śląskie in years 2003 - 2004 (at the age of 18 - 96 years, 66 women and 272 men). Clinical symptoms of generalized infection were found in all study subjects. The study group was divided into two subgroups: cured patients and patients who died of sepsis. The following parameters were assessed in both subgroups: type of microorganism isolated from blood, type of microorganism isolated from wound as well as occurrence of the same and different infections of blood and burn wound.Results. positive blood cultures were found in 165 patients (48.8%), 106 (64.2%) were cured, 59 (35.8%) died. The most commonly isolated microorganisms in cured patients were Gram(+) Staphylococcus epidermidis MRSE (19.81%) and Staphylococcus aureus MRSA (18.87%). Gram(-) intestinal rods were least commonly isolated from this group. The most commonly isolated microorganisms from blood of patients who were to die, included non-fermenting Gram(-) rods Acinetobacter baumannii (35.59%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.03%). Mixed bacterial flora was found in the blood of 22.03% patients. Among patients who were to die, the same microorganisms were found in the blood and in the wound in 32.2% of patients, while this rate was 17.92 in cured patients. The most commonly found bacteria in the blood and burn wound in the cured patients included Staphylococcus aureus MRSA (31.58%) and Staphylococcus aureus (21.05%). In the group of patients who were to die, the most common bacteria isolated simultaneously from the blood and burn wound included Acinetobacter baumannii (47.37%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (36.84%).Conclusions. 1. The patients with thermal injuries are at higher risk of death in the event of sepsis caused by Gram(-) bacteria versus Gram(+) bacteria. 2. Infection of blood and burn wound caused by the same bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanni increases the risk of death due to sepsis in patients with burns following thermal injuries.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Surgery; 2012, 84, 1; 6-16
0032-373X
2299-2847
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Surgery
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Teachers’ occupational burn out syndrome in secondary school
Autorzy:
Szeliga-Kowalczyk, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/685118.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
occupational burnout, teachers, work
Opis:
Due to many reasons, the phenomenon of occupational burnout in educational institutions is ignored. Therefore, it was considered advisable to carry out a research in the scope of the level, frequency and causes of occupational burnout among teachers in secondary school. The research work subjects are teachers of a randomly selected mechanical school complex in Poland. The results of the research presented in this paper lead to the conclusion that the occupational burnout syndrome affects the surveyed teachers. Most of the teachers are aware of the occupational burnout affecting them, however they are unable to unequivocally define its level. Almost 80% of respondents apply no remedies.
Źródło:
Jagiellonian Journal of Management; 2015, 1, 4
2450-114X
Pojawia się w:
Jagiellonian Journal of Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Property determination for ethanol-gasoline blends with application to mass fraction burn analysis in a spark ignition engine
Autorzy:
Yeliana, Yeliana
Worm, J.
Michalek, D.
Naber, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950185.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
ethanol-gasoline blend
mass fraction burn
heat release
IC engine
fuel-air mixture properties
Opis:
The Mass Fraction Burn (MFB) and Heat Release Rate (HRR) reflects the amount of fuel burned, and the rate of burning throughout the combustion process in an internal combustion engine. These parameters play a crucial role in research and development endeavors focused on engine efficiency, emissions, and overall operating performance. They are computed by analyzing measured pressure data and applying thermodynamic principals to determine the energy released during the combustion process. Thus, the properties of the fuel-air and combusted gas mixtures play an important role in the analysis. Engine pressure data were taken from a Spark-Ignition Cooperative Fuels Research (CFR) engine operating at a constant load of 330 kPa Net Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (Net IMEP) and using five ethanol-gasoline fuel blends: E0 (gasoline), E20, E40, E60, and E84. The fuels were assumed to be in a non-reacting state throughout the mixing process. Once the fuel mixture properties were known, the fuel-air and burned mixture properties were determined using the fuel-air mass ratio. The analysis presented within this paper details the process by which the fuel, fuel-air, and burned mixture properties can be determined. The MFB of five different fuel blends at a chosen operating condition was also presented along with the pressure trace, the temperature and the gamma profile at the end of this paper.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 2; 553-561
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Paradoksy awangardowego zaangażowania. Ideologia (artystycznej) zmiany w powieści „Palę Paryż” Brunona Jasieńskiego
Paradoxes of the Avant-Garde Engagement. The Ideology of (Artistic) Change in Bruno Jasieński’s ”I Burn Paris”
Autorzy:
Boruszkowska, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/578842.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
engagement, avant-garde, Bruno Jasieński, I burn Paris
Opis:
The article contains considerations about the political and ideological engagement of the avantgarde writer that were developing in the inter war period and which have their origins amongst, for example, avant-garde ideas. The paper analyses Bruno Jasieński’s text “Palę Paryż” (I burn Paris) (1931), while the context for the novel is a critical revision of the relationship between politics and literature.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich; 2019, 62, 2; 49-65
0084-4446
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reconsideration of thermonuclear possibilities of Z-pinches
Autorzy:
Vikhrev, V. V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147474.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
fusion burn wave
neutrons
plasma focus
Z-pinch
Opis:
The paper considers the Z-pinch as the basis for future thermonuclear fusion reactors. Experiments on Z-pinches always concern small and high temperature and a high density plasma regions that arise spontaneously in the Z-pinch neck. A burn wave might be initiated in the Z-pinch column if in this small plasma region a Lawson-like condition is fulfilled.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2001, 46, suppl. 1; 9-12
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A study of the effects of changing burn-up and gap gaseous compound on the gap convection coefficient (in a hot fuel pin) in VVER-1000 reactor
Autorzy:
Rahgoshay, M.
Rahmani, Y.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147623.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
VVER-1000
nuclear reactor
burn-up
Ross and Stoute model
gap convection
hot fuel pin
thermal expansion
Opis:
In this article we worked on the result and process of calculation of the gap heat transfer coefficient for a hot fuel pin in accordance with burn-up changes in the VVER-1000 reactor at the Bushehr nuclear power plant (Iran). With regard to the fact that in calculating the fuel gap heat transfer coefficient, various parameters are effective and the need for designing a model is being felt, therefore, in this article we used Ross and Stoute gap model to study impacts of different effective parameters such as thermal expansion and gaseous fission products on the hgap change rate. Over time and with changes in fuel burn-up some gaseous fission products such as xenon, argon and krypton gases are released to the gas mixture in the gap, which originally contained helium. In this study, the composition of gaseous elements in the gap volume during different times of reactor operation was found using ORIGEN code [3]. Considering that the thermal conduction of these gases is lower than that of helium, and by using the Ross and Stoute gap model, we find first that the changes in gaseous compounds in the gap reduce the values of gap thermal conductivity coefficient, but considering thermal expansion (due to burn-up alterations) of fuel and clad resulting in the reduction of gap thickness we find that the gap heat transfer coefficient will augment in a broad range of burn-up changes. These changes result in a higher rate of gap thickness reduction than the low rate of decrease of heat conduction coefficient of the gas in the gap during burn-up. Once these changes have been defined, we can proceed with the analysis of the results of calculations based on the Ross and Stoute model and compare the results obtained with the experimental results for a hot fuel pin as presented in the final safety analysis report of the VVER-1000 reactor at Bushehr [2]. It is noteworthy that the results of accomplished calculations based on the Ross and Stoute model correspond well with the existing experimental results for this reactor.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2007, 52, 3; 93-95
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Burn-up calculation of different thorium-based fuel matrixes in a thermal research reactor using MCNPX 2.6 code
Autorzy:
Gholamzadeh, Z.
Feghhi, S. A. H.
Soltani, L.
Rezazadeh, M
Tenreiro, C.
Joharifard, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148179.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
ThO2
neutronic parameters
fuel burn-up
233U
235U
239Pu fissile material
Opis:
Decrease of the economically accessible uranium resources and the inherent proliferation resistance of thorium fuel motivate its application in nuclear power systems. Estimation of the nuclear reactor’s neutronic parameters during different operational situations is of key importance for the safe operation of nuclear reactors. In the present research, thorium oxide fuel burn-up calculations for a demonstrative model of a heavy water- -cooled reactor have been performed using MCNPX 2.6 code. Neutronic parameters for three different thorium fuel matrices loaded separately in the modelled thermal core have been investigated. 233U, 235U and 239Pu isotopes have been used as fi ssile element in the thorium oxide fuel, separately. Burn-up of three different fuels has been calculated at 1 MW constant power. 135X and 149Sm concentration variations have been studied in the modelled core during 165 days burn-up. Burn-up of thorium oxide enriched with 233U resulted in the least 149Sm and 135Xe productions and net fi ssile production of 233U after 165 days. The negative fuel, coolant and void reactivity of the used fuel assures safe operation of the modelled thermal core containing (233U-Th) O2 matrix. Furthermore, utilisation of thorium breeder fuel demonstrates several advantages, such as good neutronic economy, 233U production and less production of long-lived α emitter high radiotoxic wastes in biological internal exposure point of view.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2014, 59, 4; 129-136
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wypalenie zawodowe w pracy nauczyciela przedszkola
Autorzy:
Fijałkowska-Mroczek, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2157864.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
burn-out syndrome
defines
introduces it levels
work
teacher
pre-school
profession
Opis:
The article contains the definition of professional burn-out and introduces it levels. In the paper, there are presented pilot research results conducted among the pre-school teachers in Poland and Slovakia. Research results were analysed through a comparative analysis. In the paper there are identified the levels of the professional burn-out of the examined teachers, namely: emotional exhaustion, deperson- alization, and the decreasing of the personal success satisfaction.
Źródło:
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne; 2017, 1(24); 29-37
1898-0171
Pojawia się w:
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Formation of Nanostructures in UO$\text{}_{2}$ Fuel at High Burn-ups
Autorzy:
Szuta, M.
Bocar, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2035481.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002-08
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
25.85.Ec
66.30.Lw
Opis:
In the present paper it is assumed that above a limiting value of fission fluency (burn-up) a more intensive process of irradiation induced chemical interaction occurs. A significant part of fission gas product is thus expected to be chemically bounded in the matrix of UO$\text{}_{2}$ fuel. The fission gas atoms substituting, for example, uranium atoms in the crystallographic lattice can form weak facets. At a certain saturation condition, division of the grains can occur at the weak facets and the increase in fission-gas-products release may be expected. The fact that the process of grain division for high burn-ups (70-80 MWd/kgU) forms an extremely fine structure up to a temperature as high as 1100$\text{}^{º}$C and simultaneously the observed decrease in fission gas concentration in the fuel supports this concept. The analysis of fission gas concentration change due to the formation of nanostructures in UO$\text{}_{2}$ fuel at high burn-ups in terms of total surface area change in a function of burn-up and knock-out process is presented.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2002, 102, 2; 207-213
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Potential of Bacteriophages in the Treatment of Burn Wounds
Autorzy:
Hoff -Lenczewska, Diana
Kawecki, Marek
Glik, Justyna
Klama-Baryła, Agnieszka
Nowak, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1396443.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-10-01
Wydawca:
Index Copernicus International
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Surgery; 2013, 85, 10; 615-618
0032-373X
2299-2847
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Surgery
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lean-burn combustion systems in spark ignitron engines: advantages and limitations
Autorzy:
Gorczakowski, A.
Jarosiński, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244092.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
lean combustion
high compression ratio
combustion in swirl
Opis:
Spark-ignited internal combustion engines are in the use for over130 years (first example was presented by Otto in 1876). The engine development is directed to more power, better efficiency and lower emissions. Mixture formation and in-cylinder motion are the main parameters of the combustion process improvement. One of the effective methods of engine development is lean combustion. Application of lean-burn combustion systems in spark ignitron engines has been proposed many times. Such systems have several important advantages in comparison with conventional systems. Lean-burn combustion makes possible engine operation at high compression ratio, equivalent to high thermal efficiency and at low emission of toxic components of the combustion gases. Lean-burn combustion is also a subject of serious limitations, requiring remedial steps. General limitations are introduced by a fall of the reaction rate, equivalent to increased time of combustion. Lean-burn combustion introduces also changes to flame structure: it contributes with increased flame thickness and with a rise of quenching distance. These changes influence limit conditions of spark ignition. The only solution omitting this threat might be obtained by replacing of a spark ignition by another ignition system or by application of a spark ignition system with increased distance between electrodes and with much higher ignition energy. Typical solutions rationalizing lean-burn combustion in engines are discussed in the paper and some limit conditions highlighted..
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 2; 97-102
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Multi-attribute Utility Theory analysis for burn-in processes combined with replacement
Analiza połączonych procesów sztucznego starzenia i wymiany prowadzona w oparciu o wieloatrybutową teorię użyteczności
Autorzy:
Cavalcante, C. A. V.
Do Nascimento, T. G.
Lopes, R. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/302065.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
Tematy:
burn-in
multi-attribute utility theory
replacement
residual life
sztuczne starzenie
wieloatrybutowa teoria użyteczności
wymiana
trwałość resztkowa
Opis:
Components from a heterogeneous population may result in non-well behaviour in the failure rate function. This paper considers a population of components that consists of two different sub-populations: a population of weak components and a population of strong components. This component heterogeneity is treated using a mixture distribution for the components’ lifetimes. This mixture models two distinct behaviours: a short characteristic lifetime for the weak components and a long characteristic lifetime for the strong components. Simple policies may not be effective to address the distinct behaviours of failures for these components. Thus, combined preventive replacement and a burn-in procedure based on a multi-criteria perspective are proposed in order to suitably integrate the different objectives from the burn-in and preventive replacement procedures, taking into account the preferences of the decision-maker. We consider the cost and the mean residual life as the criteria of the proposed model. Multi-attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) allows alternatives that are more aligned with the preferences of the decision-maker to be developed.
Elementy składowe tworzące niejednorodną populację mogą prowadzić do nieprawidłowości funkcji intensywności uszkodzeń. W prezentowanej pracy badano populację komponentów składająca się z dwóch różnych subpopulacji: populacji komponentów słabych i populacji komponentów mocnych. Niejednorodność komponentów opisano za pomocą rozkładu mieszanego ich czasu pracy. Rozkład mieszany pozwala modelować dwa różne zachowania: krótki czas pracy charakterystyczny dla słabych elementów i długi czas pracy charakterystyczny dla elementów mocnych. Proste strategie konserwacyjne mogą nie dawać oczekiwanych efektów w przypadku komponentów, które różnią się pod względem charakteru uszkodzeń. Aby odpowiednio powiązać odmienne cele procedur sztucznego starzenia (wygrzewania, docierania) i wymiany profilaktycznej elementów składowych zaproponowano, w oparciu o podejście wielokryterialne, procedurę łączącą sztuczne starzenie i wymianę profilaktyczną, która uwzględnia także preferencje decydenta. Jako kryteria proponowanego modelu rozważano koszty i średnią trwałość resztkową. Wieloatrybutowa teoria użyteczności (MAUT) pozwala na tworzenie alternatyw, które licują z preferencjami osoby odpowiedzialnej za podejmowanie decyzji eksploatacyjnych.
Źródło:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność; 2016, 18, 4; 599-605
1507-2711
Pojawia się w:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biological Dressings as a Substitutes of the Skin in the Treatment of Burn Wounds
Autorzy:
Gierek, Marcin
Kawecki, Marek
Mikuś, Karolina
Klama-Baryła, Agnieszka
Nowak, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1396256.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-06-01
Wydawca:
Index Copernicus International
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Surgery; 2013, 85, 6; 354-359
0032-373X
2299-2847
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Surgery
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Efficiency of Burn Wounds Debridement with Use of Hydrosurgery - Our Experiences
Autorzy:
Kawecki, Marek
Mikuś-Zagórska, Karolina
Glik, Justyna
Nowak1, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1395208.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-03-01
Wydawca:
Index Copernicus International
Tematy:
debridement
hydrosurgery
water jet
Opis:
The aim of the study was to present experience of doctors from the Center for Burns Treatment in Siemianowice Śląskie who use a Versajet system. Material and methods. Debridement with the use of a water jet was applied in 70 patients with IIbo /IIIo thermal burns in the period between 2009-2013. The corresponding evaluation involved duration of operation, locations, wound surfaces and technique of debridement after operation. Microbiological tests were also performed before and after debridement. Results and conclusions. In the paper, its authors draw attention to the short time of debridement. The application of a water jet allows precise debridement, particularly in hardly accessible places, preparation of wounds to be covered with autologous split thickness skin graft, protection of healthy tissues.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Surgery; 2015, 87, 1; 1-5
0032-373X
2299-2847
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Surgery
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Inhibitors of thermally induced burn incidents – the examinations of the flammability, TGA, SAXS and SEM methods
Inhibitory modelowych incydentów oparzeniowych – charakterystyka palności, badania TGA, SAXS i SEM
Autorzy:
Pielesz, A.
Gawłowski, A.
Fabia, J.
Ślusarczyk, C.
Sarna, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/946948.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Chemii Przemysłowej
Tematy:
collagen of skin
burn incidents
L-ascorbic acid
sodium ascorbate
orthosilicic acid
LOI
TGA
SAXS
SEM
kolagen
incydent oparzeniowy
kwas L-askorbinowy
askorbinian sodu
kwas ortokrzemowy
Opis:
The examinations of the skin flammability, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and thermogravimetric (TGA) investigations were all carried out in temperature sufficient for simulating a burn incident. Above methods were used to perform assessment of collagen molecular structure changes in conditions of thermal oxidative stress, whereas the scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM) was used to illustrate skin surface changes. The changes were observed in the presence of active antioxidants such as L-ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate and hydrogel of orthosilicic acid H4SiO4 • n H2O. Presence of these modifiers of the burn process minimizes external effects of simulated burn incidents for model samples of animal skin and burn wound epidermis extracted from the patients. The examinations of the skin flammability were carried out with the limited oxygen index (LOI) method. In this study, synergy between orthosilicic acid and L-ascorbic acid and sodium ascorbate into animal and human skin has been shown through an increase in LOI values. The treatment by means of L-ascorbic acid affects particular morphological changes in the skin which is visible in SEM method. Skin samples incubated in the solution of the 3.5 %, 5 % L-ascorbic acid, 7 % sodium ascorbate solutions and 7 % orthosilicic acid demonstrate the development of a structure resembling a coherent solid composite. SAXS gives structural information on the assembly of dermal collagen as well as the lamellar organization of stratum corneum (SC) lipids located in the outermost part of the epidermis. Using this technique, two lamellar phases with repeat distance of approximately 4.3 and 6 nm in the SC lipids domains were observed. Moreover, the diameter of the collagen fibrils were extracted. The observed differences in the values of these parameters allowed us to better understand the mechanism of modification of the surface of the burn affected skin and the influence of the modification on the process of skin regeneration.
Miejscowa oraz ogólna odpowiedź organizmu na oparzenie termiczne jest złożona. Nie tylko prowadzi do uszkodzenia skóry, ale wywołuje też głębokie długotrwałe zmiany w metabolizmie organizmu. Na podstawie wyznaczonego granicznego wskaźnika palności (LOI), wyników analizy termograwimetrycznej (TGA) i małokątowej dyfraktometrii rentgenowskiej (SAXS) oceniano zmiany zachodzące w strukturze kolagenu w warunkach stresu oksydacyjnego, a metodą skaningowej mikroskopii elektronowej (SEM) określano zmiany topografii powierzchni badanych próbek skóry. Modyfikowany aktywnymi przeciwutleniaczami, takimi jak: pochodne witaminy C (np. kwas L-askorbinowy, askorbinian sodu) oraz hydrożel kwasu ortokrzemowego H4SiO4 • n H2O. Kolagen wykazuje zwiększoną aktywność biochemiczną, a obecność niniejszych modyfikatorów procesu oparzeniowego minimalizuje zewnętrzne skutki symulowanych incydentów oparzeniowych.
Źródło:
Polimery; 2017, 62, 11-12; 806-811
0032-2725
Pojawia się w:
Polimery
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of differences in health-related quality of life during the treatment of post-burn scars in pre-school and school children
Autorzy:
Chrapusta, A.
Pachalska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/51245.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2014, 21, 4
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Advantages and Shortcomings of Using Nano-sized Energetic Materials
Autorzy:
Zohari, N.
Keshavarz, M. H.
Seyedsadjadi, S. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358244.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
energetic compounds
nanosized particles
sensitivity
burn
rate
thermal stability
Opis:
Energetic materials are substances that can store chemical energy in their chemical bonds. An ideal energetic material is a substance with high performance, safety and shelf life. Many recent researches have concentrated on the synthesis or the development of new energetic materials with optimized properties, such as thermal stability, sensitivity and burn rate. The reduction of the particle size of energetic materials from micron to nano-sized is one of the suitable approaches for obtaining desirable properties. Recent progress on the reduction of the particle size of energetic materials is reviewed in this work. The effects of nano-sized particles on the performance of energetic compounds are also investigated.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2013, 10, 1; 135-147
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Computer-aided Approach to Evaluation of Burn Wounds
Autorzy:
Tylman, W.
Janicki, M.
Napieralski, A.
Kuzański, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/397916.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Politechnika Łódzka. Wydział Mikroelektroniki i Informatyki
Tematy:
termografia
diagnostyka obrazowa
diagnostyka medyczna
DICOM
thermography
medical imaging
medical diagnosis
Opis:
A novel method to employ PC-based solutions in evaluation of burn wounds is presented. The proposed approach utilises a computer program, guiding the physician through the procedure and allowing to process infrared and visible light images of the burn wound. Ability to interact with selected models of commercially available thermovision cameras is provided.
Źródło:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science; 2012, 3, 4; 132-137
2080-8755
2353-9607
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Does work engagement burn out? The person-job fit and levels of burnout and engagement in work
Autorzy:
Chirkowska-Smolak, Teresa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430385.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
burnout
work engagement
six areas of worklife
Opis:
This research (N=943) examines the relationship between burnout, work engagement, and organizational factors that play an important role in the strain process (development of burnout), and in the motivational process (work engagement). The aim of the study is to test the relationships of burnout and work engagement, on the one hand, and organizational factors—job demands (workload) and job resources (control, relations with co-workers and superiors, rewards, fairness, and values)—on the other. The results of the analysis call into doubt whether burnout and work engagement are opposite poles of the same dimension, or whether they are independent, though correlated, constructs. Exhaustion and vigour are not the extremes of the same energy dimension, but in the case of cynicism and dedication, the situation is not so clear. It can be said that we are not dealing with the burnout of engagement, but rather with a change in attitude to work (increasing cynicism) on the part of people not suited to their jobs.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2012, 43, 2; 76-85
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stan zdrowotny koron sosny zwyczajnej (Pinus sylvestris L.) na powierzchni pożarzyska w Palmirach
Health condition of Scots pine crowns on the burn area in Palmiry
Autorzy:
Tyburski, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/880679.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Leśny Zakład Doświadczalny. Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej w Rogowie
Źródło:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej; 2018, 20, 4[54]
1509-1414
Pojawia się w:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the neutronics of European lead-cooled fast reactor
Autorzy:
Cetnar, J.
Oettingen, M.
Domańska, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148566.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
fuel burn-up
plutonium
minor actinides
oxide fuel
nitride fuel
LFR
ELSY
MCB
Opis:
The perspective of nuclear energy development in the near future imposes a new challenge on a number of sciences over the world. For years, the European Commission (EC) has sponsored scientific activities through the framework programmes (FP). The lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR) development in the European Union (EU) has been carried out within European lead-cooled system (ELSY) project of the 6th FP of EURATOM. This paper concerns the reactor core neutronic and burn-up design studies. We discuss two different core configurations of ELSY reactor; one loaded with the reference – mixed oxide fuel (MOX), whereas the second one with an advanced fuel – uranium- -plutonium nitride. Both fuels consist of reactor grade plutonium, depleted uranium and additionally, a fraction of minor actinides (MA). The fuel burn-up and the time evolution of the reactor characteristics has been assessed using a Monte Carlo burn-up code (MCB). One of the important findings concerns the importance of power profile evolution with burn-up as a limiting factor of the refuelling interval.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2010, 55, 3; 317-322
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Epidemiology of burns in hospitalized children from the Western Pomerania region in Poland in 1985-2010
Autorzy:
Brodzińska, B.
Czaja-Bulsa, G.
Marasz, A.
Musiał, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1918407.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Burn
children
Polska
Opis:
Introduction: Burns in children are a serious public health issue all over the world. This paper aims at comparing the frequency and causes of burns in children. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of medical records of 1230 children treated at Szczecin's burns centre in 1980s and presently was carried out. Results: We have noted that at present hospitalization frequency of burned children has declined 1.7 times. Children who undergo hospital treatment are mostly aged 1-2 (ns) and boys prevail 1.7 times. Infants constitute a high percentage of burn patients (15% and 17%). A proportion of countryside children has decreased (38% vs 28%; p<0.001) while a proportion of town children has increased. Skin burns most frequently resulted from contact with hot liquid (89% vs 83%; p=0.043). The other causes have been noted far less frequently: flame (7% vs 8%; ns), electric current (1% vs 2%; ns), chemicals (0,7% vs 1%; ns) and a few other factors such as: dry heat, sunrays and solarium (2% vs 5%; p=0.002). Conclusions: 1. Over the course of the past 25 years, Western Pomerania has seen a twofold decrease in the frequency of hospitalization of burned children, while the ages and causes of burns have remained the same. 2. Those most often treated are children aged 1-2, mainly boys; there is a high percentage of infants among them. 3. Hot liquid has remained the chief cause of burns in younger children; in the case of older ones, so is flame.
Źródło:
Progress in Health Sciences; 2017, 7(1); 99-106
2083-1617
Pojawia się w:
Progress in Health Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microfabricated 2D planar eddy-current microcoils for the non-destructive testing of grinding burn marks
Mikrofabrykowane płaskie wiroprądowe mikrocewki 2D do nieniszczących badań błędów szlifierskich
Autorzy:
Khazi, Isman
Kovacs, Andras
Kumar, Vaibhav
Dhumal, Pranav
Mescheder, Ulrich
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/107862.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
cewki płaskie 2D
szlifowanie śladów przegrzań
badania nieniszczące (NDT)
mikro przetwornik wiroprądowy
2D planar coils
grinding burn marks
non-destructive testing (NDT)
micro eddy-current sensor
Opis:
Microtechnology based 2D planar eddy-current microcoils (μCoils) are simulated and fabricated for the detection of grinding burn marks in conductive materials such as industrial hard steels, which are predomi-nantly used for manufacturing of structured parts using grinding. COMSOL multiphysics simulation tool is used to simulate μCoils with various geometries, namely: circular spiral, circular non-spiral and meander type geometry, to investigate the influence of the frequency on the resultant impedance of the μCoil as a function of the grinding burn marks. The simulation results show that the impedance of the μCoil of all geometries varies in response to a 1500 μm wide grinding burn mark. The sensitivity of the μCoil to detect even grinding burn marks with 200 μm width is improved by modifying the wire width of the non-spiral μCoils. Furthermore, as a proof of concept non-spiral μCoils with varying number of turns (5,10 and 20) were fabricated using ferromagnetic nickel-cobalt alloys. The experimental results show that the impedance of the fabricated μCoils varies as a function of the grinding burn mark present on a 42CrMo4 workpiece.
Płaskie wiroprądowe mikrocewki 2D (μCoils) oparte na mikrotechnologii przebadano numerycznie a następnie wytwarzano w celu wykrywania śladów lokalnego przegrzania w materiałach przewodzących, takich jak przemysłowe stale twarde, które są głównie wykorzystywane do produkcji elementów konstrukcyjnych przy użyciu technologii szlifierskich. Oprogramowanie do numerycznych obliczeń wielofizycznych COMSOL zostało użyte do symulacji mikrocewek μCoil o różnych geometriach w celu zbadania wpływu częstotliwości na wynikową impedancję μCoil w funkcji szlifowania śladów przegrzania. Wyniki symulacji pokazują, że impedancja μCoil we wszystkich geometriach zmienia się pod wpływem śladu po szlifowaniu o szerokości 1500 μm. Wrażliwość μCoil na wykrywanie śladów przegrzania nawet o szerokości 200 μm jest poprawiona poprzez modyfikację szerokości drutu nie spiralnych mikrocewek. Ponadto, jako dowód słuszności koncepcji, wykonano niespiralne cewki o zmiennej liczbie zwojów (5,10 i 20) przy użyciu ferromagnetycznych stopów nikiel-kobalt. Wyniki eksperymentów pokazują, że impedancja wytworzonych mikrocewek zmienia się w zależności od śladu po szlifowaniu obecnego na elemencie wykonanym z 42CrMo4.
Źródło:
Badania Nieniszczące i Diagnostyka; 2019, 3; 29-35
2451-4462
2543-7755
Pojawia się w:
Badania Nieniszczące i Diagnostyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modification of Recrystallization Temperature of Uranium Dioxide in Function of Burn-Up and Its Impact on Fission Gas Release
Autorzy:
Szuta, M.
El-Koliel, M. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2011009.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999-07
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
25.85.Ec
66.30.Lw
Opis:
In the present paper it is assumed that the recrystallization temperature of uranium dioxide decreases with burn-up. Two opposing effects of enhancement and inhibition of irradiation damage introduced by fission effect on grain growth are described. Mathematical model of fission gas release from the UO$\text{}_{2}$ fuel affected by grain growth is presented. Theoretical results are compared with the experimental data.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1999, 96, 1; 143-151
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Correlations of wiebe function parameters for combustion simulation in SI engine fuelled with gaseous fuels
Autorzy:
Przybyła, G.
Postrzednik, S.
Żmudka, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244928.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
mass fraction burn
Wiebe function
producer gas
natural gas
SI engine
Opis:
Combustion simulation in SI engine fuelled with unconventional gaseous fuels becomes more necessary in last years. The reason is because the use of e.g. biogases from anaerobic digester process or gasification of biomass to produce "green energy". From the view of energy balance of small CHP units, the SI engine seems to be most efficient appliance as a part of this unit. Through 1D, simulation of in-cylinder pressure a fast prediction of engine performance is possible. In this case, the Mass Fraction Burn (MFB) function can be used. The MFB reflect the amount of fuel burned throughout the combustion process in an internal combustion engine. SI engine combustion simulation by using a Wiebe function to represent the MFB is very often used in a 1D-engine code that allow for fast calculations and a good accuracy of results. This paper deals with calculations of Wiebe function coefficients based on experimental data of four stroke naturally aspirated SI engine fuelled with natural gas and simulated producer gas. The Wiebe function parameters are determined over a range of fuel compositions and air excess ratio by fitting the Wiebe function curve to the experimentally obtained MFB data from a single-zone Heat Release Rate (HRR) analysis.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 2; 293-300
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Syndrom wypalenia zawodowego – identyfikacja, podział, skutki oraz sposoby zapobiegania
Professional burnout syndrome – identification, division, results and ways of counteracting
Autorzy:
Pospiszyl, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/112700.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
STE GROUP
Tematy:
wypalenie zawodowe
syndrom wypalenia zawodowego
job burn-out
professional burnout syndrome
Opis:
Artykuł zawiera ogólna charakterystykę wypalenia zawodowego, opis i symptomy syndromu wypalenia zawodowego oraz przeciwdziałanie wypaleniu zawodowemu.
The article includes general characteristics of job burnout, description and symptoms of professional burnout syndrome as well as ways of counteracting the syndrome.
Źródło:
Systemy Wspomagania w Inżynierii Produkcji; 2016, 1 (13); 279-286
2391-9361
Pojawia się w:
Systemy Wspomagania w Inżynierii Produkcji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prognostic value of using neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in patients with burn injury for the diagnosis of sepsis and bacteraemia
Autorzy:
Fuss, Julia
Voloboyeva, Anna
Poliovyj, Victor
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1392898.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Index Copernicus International
Tematy:
burns
sepsis
diagnostic
procalcitonin
neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio.
Opis:
Objective: Despite the progress in the treatment of burn injuries, the mortality rate among seriously ill patients still remains high nowadays. The main causes of fatal cases with extensive deep burns are generalized infectious complications, the major of which is sepsis. According to the authors, 25%–85% of those who died of burn injuries in later periods, died from sepsis. The frequency and severity of infectious complications in patients with burn injuries requires an accurate diagnosis of infection that will determine the tactics of therapeutic and surgical treatment of such patients (Di Lonardo A. et al., 1993). However, the clinical diagnosis of wound infection in patients with burn injuries is quite difficult. Materials and methods: The clinical material included 188 patients with burn injuries. The average age of those patients ranged from 20 to 59 years. Men - 98 (52.1%), women - 90 (47.9%). The survey was conducted from April 2014 to July 2016. Results: In our opinion, the strength of NLR (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio) is the possibility of implementing this parameter simply by using already available biomarkers (neutrophil count and lymphocyte count). Therefore, this ratio is easy to integrate in clinical practice and cost effective. Conclusion: The application of NLR for the diagnosis of sepsis in patients with burn injuries is the option of choice, since its determination requires only a general blood test.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Surgery; 2018, 90, 5; 13-16
0032-373X
2299-2847
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Surgery
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stres w pracy nauczyciela akademickiego
Stress in the Job of the Academic Teacher
Autorzy:
Kuberová, Helena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1848996.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-05-12
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
stres
syndrom wypalenia
zmienność rytmu serca
spektralna analiza
stress
burn-out syndrome
heart rate variability
spectral analysis
Opis:
The work is dealing with the problems of stress, its physiological manifestation within the organism and its influence upon the organisms of clients and teachers who are involved in the educational process at university. We are trying to point out a negative impact of stress in physically demanding professions. One of them is also the teachers’ profession where we should pay attention to the burn-out syndrome prevention. By comparison of used psychological diagnostic methods and analysis of heart rate variability it was found out that the stress diagnostics via spectral analysis is highly efficient, objective and money and time undemanding method. Its main positive is that it is not invasive and it does not bother a client at all. In the second part we are dealing with various possibilities of overcoming the stress and its negative influences.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 2007, 35, 2; 67-75
0137-4176
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wypalenie zawodowe – następstwo stresu zawodowego
Burnout – a consequence of professional stress
Autorzy:
Kaczmarek, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202966.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-03-27
Wydawca:
Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
Tematy:
stres zawodowy
wypalenie zawodowe
przyczyny i konsekwencje wypalenia zawodowego
stress at work
burn-out syndrome
causes and consequences of burnout
Opis:
Narażenie ludzi na utrzymujący się wysoki poziom stresu może wywoływać wiele konsekwencji zdrowotnych. Spowodowane jest to przede wszystkim tym, że człowiek nie jest przygotowany lub nie ma odpowiedniego wsparcia czy umiejętności do radzenia sobie z postawionymi przed nim wymaganiami. Prowadzi to do tego, że narastające problemy nie zostają na czas rozwiązane, a człowiek znajduje się w stanie wysokiego napięcia emocjonalnego. Następuje pobudzenie całego układu wewnętrznego jego organizmu, co powodować może wystąpienie wielu chorób. Ze względu na problemy z radzeniem sobie z trudnymi lub nowymi zadaniami w pracy obniża się poczucie własnej wartości, co niekorzystnie może wpływać zarówno na pracownika, jak i na pracodawcę, a co z kolei odbija się na całej organizacji. Stąd też celem niniejszego artykułu jest prezentacja wyników badań dotyczących zjawiska wypalenia zawodowego opartych na analizie wybranej literatury przedmiotu.
Constantly exposing individuals to high levels of stress can have a lot of health consequences. This is mainly caused by an individual not being correctly prepared, or due to the lack of appropriate support or skills required, in order to cope with requests or demands. This leads to growing problems not being solved soon enough, and the person ends up in a state of high emotional tension. All internal bodily systems become exhausted, which can result in illness and diseases. Due to problems coping with difficult or new tasks at work, self-esteem is lowered, which can adversely affect both the employee and the employer, which in turn affects the entire workplace. For that reason, the aim of this article is to communicate the research results of the professional burnout phenomenon, based on the analysis of selected literature concerning the subject.
Źródło:
Nowoczesne Systemy Zarządzania; 2019, 14, 1; 65-77
1896-9380
2719-860X
Pojawia się w:
Nowoczesne Systemy Zarządzania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dyskurs religijny w powieści Wasilija Aksionowa Oparzenie
Religious Discourse in Vasily Aksenovs Novel The Burn
Религиозный дискурс в романе Василия Аксенова Ожег
Autorzy:
Babkiewicz, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1892029.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Aksionow
wiara
metafizyka
sacrum
eschatologia
Aksenov
faith
metaphysics
eschatology
Opis:
This article is an analysis of Vasily Aksenov's novel entitled The Burn, which presents the way that the main protagonist  a Soviet man  goes to meet God. The novelist created a protagonist at the life crossroads, living in a secularized society, deprived of its religious roots. The novelist often puts to the foreground all the weaknesses of the protagonist and his negative experiences related to his sinfulness and moral defeats, his lack of faith in himself and in God. However, a lot of the motives in the novel exhibit the protagonist's irresistible need of seeking metaphysics and sacrum. The protagonist relentlessly seeks the truth about himself and about God.
В статье предлагается анализ романа Василия Аксенова Ожог, в котором был представлен путь советского человека, героя романа, к Богу. Писатель создал героя на распутье, который живет в секуляризованном обществе, оторванном от религиозной традиции. Автор часто выдвигает на первый план слабости и переживания героя, связанные с человеческой греховностью и моральными падениями, его сомнения в себе самом и сомнения в силе Бога. Однако, во многих сюжетных линиях произведения раскрывается непреодолимое стремление героя и потребность в метафизике, в sacrum. Герой ищет правду о себе и Боге.
Źródło:
Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2013, 61, 7; 203-218
0035-7707
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Computation of concentration changes of heavy metals in the fuel assemblies with 1.6% enrichment by ORIGEN code for VVER-1000
Autorzy:
Rahgoshay, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146274.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
ORIGEN code
burn-up
heavy metals
BUSHEHR Nuclear Power Plant
Opis:
ORIGEN code is a widely used computer code for calculating the buildup, decay, and processing of radioactive materials. During the past few years, a sustained effort was undertaken by ORNL to update the original ORIGEN code [4] and its associated data bases. The results of this effort were updated on the reactor model, cross section, fission product yields, decay data, decay photon data and the ORIGEN computer code itself. In this paper we have obtained concentration changes of uranium and plutonium isotopes by ORIGEN code at different burn-up and then the results have been compared with VVER-1000 results in the first fuel cycle for fuel assemblies with 1.6% enrichment in the BUSHEHR Nuclear Power Plant.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2006, 51, 3; 161-167
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Depletion analysis of the HELIOS experiment using the MCB code
Autorzy:
Oettingen, M.
D'Agata, E.
Döderlein, C.
Tuček, K.
Cetnar, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146842.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
depletion
HELIOS
Monte Carlo continuous energy burn-up code (MCB)
minor actinides
Opis:
The focus of our studies is to present an advanced depletion analysis of the HELIOS experiment by means of the Monte Carlo continuous energy burn-up code (MCB). The MCB was used mainly to calculate nuclide density evolution in nuclear reactor cores. We present the capability of the MCB to investigate the depletion of nuclear fuel samples irradiated in the HELIOS experiment. In our studies we traced the behaviour of the main fissile isotopes, 242mAm and 239Pu, respectively. We also perform a sensitivity analysis to the choice of JEF2.2 and JEFF3.1 cross section libraries in terms of the released fission power and the evolution of actinide inventories. The amount of He produced at the end of irradiation, as well as Am and Pu depletion, were also considered.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 4; 435-441
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Towards New Directions in Oxidizers/Energetic Fillers for Composite Propellants: an Overview
Autorzy:
Dey, A.
Sikder, A. K.
Talawar, M. B.
Chottopadhyay, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358191.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
binder
oxidizer
composite propellant
burn rate modifier
plasticizer
high energy materials
Opis:
There is continued interest in the development of safe and reliable composite propellant formulations using modern energetic ingredients such as energetic oxidizers/energetic ingredients, energetic binders, and energetic ballistic modifiers. There are continued efforts by energetic materials researchers, scientists, technologists and engineers to design composite propellant formulations with better ballistic properties than conventional formulations. The efforts in many research and development (R & D) laboratories all over the world are aimed at utilizing modern oxidizers/ energetic fillers for the development of composite propellant formulations for both space and defence applications. Composite propellants are considered to be the major source of chemical energy for rockets and missiles. Energetic oxidizers/fillers play vital roles in the preparation or manufacture of composite propellant formulations. Various energetic oxidizers/fillers have been developed during the last five decades to address environmental safety, high energy and processing conditions. In this article, the authors have reviewed the characteristic properties of the energetic oxidizers/fillers used in the preparation of composite propellants. The characteristic properties of the energetic ingredients play an important role in the preparation of composite propellant formulations with the desired mechanical properties. The advantages and disadvantages of various energetic oxidizers/ingredients for specific and potential propellant applications are also highlighted throughout the course of this review article. The future direction in composite propellant formulations calls for the development of green propellant formulations. Efforts will continue to seek alternative and more energetic oxidizers/fillers in comparison to conventional oxidizers. There is an urgent need to replace conventional oxidizers such as ammonium perchlorate with eco-friendly ingredients.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2015, 12, 2; 377-399
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Palą siebie w ogniu, gdy umrze im król lub wódz – I palą również jego wierzchowce. Wczesnośredniowieczny pochówek ciałopalny ze szczątkami konia z chodlika, pow. Opolski, woj. Lubelskie
They burn at the stakes when their king or chief dies and they burn his horses too. An early medieval cremation site with remains of a horse from chodlik, Opole county, Lublin province
Autorzy:
Miechowicz, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1886868.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-11-08
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Western Slavs
funeral rites
human and animal burial sites
cremation
kurgan burial
burial with horse
Opis:
The article presents the results of research into an early medieval kurgan in Chodlik, Karczmiska county, where cremated human and horse remains were discovered. The settlement complex in Chodlik (8th-10th c.) forms a vast hillfort of more than 8 ha and the surrounding hamlets. For over a century, it has been subjected to archaeological excavations but it was not until recently that the related cremation burial sites were identified. The first kurgan, examined in 2010, contained buried remains of a human and a horse, most probably buried at a stake together. The other objects found in the upper part of the kurgan included pieces of clay vessels and bronze elements of a horse tack. By means of radiocarbon dating, the burial site’s chronology has been established as the 8th-9th centuries. The text presents comparative analyses with other famous discoveries of the type and considerations of the importance of horses to the early medieval Slavs.
Źródło:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim; 2021, 62; 147-169
0080-9993
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza możliwości tomografii termicznej w diagnostyce oparzeń
: Possibility of using thermal tomography for diagnostics of burn wounds
Autorzy:
Bajorek, M.
Nowakowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/157653.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
termografia
tomografia termiczna
zagadnienie odwrotne
identyfikacja
thermography
thermal tomography
inverse problem
structure identification
Opis:
Praca dotyczy możliwości zastosowania metody tomografii termicznej do oceny głębokości rany oparzeniowej. Zdefiniowano podstawowe założenia dla przyjętego modelu termicznego przypływu ciepła w strukturach biologicznych. Omówiono możliwe do postawienia typy rozwiązania zagadnienia odwrotnego. W celu weryfikacji jakości metody pokazano wyniki rekonstrukcji parametrów termicznych dla ran oparzeniowych pochodzących z badań na zwierzętach oraz z badań klinicznych. Przedstawiono właściwości zaproponowanych rozwiązań oraz opisano problemy związane z zastosowaniem tomografii termicznej. Omówiono ograniczenia metody.
The possibility of using the thermal tomography method for estimation of the position and depth of burn wounds is discussed. The full procedure of thermal tomography means reconstruction of distribution of thermal parameters which represent the structure properties of a tested object. It requires solution of the following problems: working out a true thermal model of the tested object and setting the proper heat transfer conditions; elaboration of measurement procedures enabling registration of transient temperature distributions forced by the employed excitation; performing the forward problem procedure simulations based on the chosen thermal model; elaboration of the foundation concerning conditions of structure identification in the inverse problem based on comparison of the simulation and experiment results. In the investigations performed by the authors, the most important is the analysis of transient processes of heat exchange taking place in a tested biological tissue. The main assumptions for the accepted heat exchange model in biological structures are defined. The types of possible solutions of the inverse problem in burn diagnostics are given. The results of thermal parameter reconstruction of burn wounds are presented for in vivo animal experiments as well as for clinical cases. The problems and limitations concerning implementation of the thermal tomography method in medical applications are discussed.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2009, R. 55, nr 11, 11; 919-922
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ratownictwo medyczne w Krajowym Systemie Ratowniczo-Gaśniczym. Część III
Emergency Medical Services in the National Firefighting and Rescue System. Part III
Autorzy:
Chomoncik, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973275.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Centrum Naukowo-Badawcze Ochrony Przeciwpożarowej im. Józefa Tuliszkowskiego
Tematy:
oparzenie
chrypka
stridor
inhalacja
tonięcie
wychłodzenie
burn
hoarseness
inhalation
drowning
hypothermia
Opis:
Oparzenie jest chorobą, której skutki obejmują oprócz powłok ciała (rana oparzeniowa) powstanie zmian ogólnoustrojowych (choroba oparzeniowa). Ciężkość oparzenia zależy od powierzchni i głębokości oparzenia. W przypadku udzielania pomocy poszkodowanemu oparzonemu należy zwrócić uwagę na okoliczności i objawy wskazujące na możliwość oparzenia górnych dróg oddechowych (jeżeli pojawią się objawy obrzęku dróg oddechowych, szybko może dojść do niedrożności dróg oddechowych). Objawami obrzęku górnych dróg oddechowych mogą być: chrypka (wczesny objaw narastającego obrzęku w drogach oddechowych – zapytaj poszkodowanego, czy chrypka pojawiła się teraz) oraz stridor (świszczący oddech, wskazuje na ciężki obrzęk dróg oddechowych, który może doprowadzić do niewydolności oddechowej i jest stanem bezpośredniego zagrożenia życia). U poszkodowanego w przypadku rozległych oparzeń mogą wystąpić objawy wstrząsu hipowolemicznego. Należy pamiętać, że w przypadku porażenia prądem elektrycznym istnieje ryzyko zatrzymania krążenia, dlatego każdy poszkodowany porażony prądem elektrycznym powinien trafić do szpitala. W wyniku inhalacji (wdychania) dymu powstałego podczas pożaru dochodzi do uszkodzenia układu oddechowego. Towarzyszy temu: inhalacja tlenku węgla i innych gazów powstałych w procesie spalania, uszkodzenie górnych dróg oddechowych z następowym obrzękiem, uszkodzenie dolnych dróg oddechowych. Do dróg oddechowych dostają się substancje chemiczne powodujące uszkodzenie płuc oraz narządów wewnętrznych. Tonięcie to proces skutkujący pierwotnie zatrzymaniem oddechu spowodowanym podtopieniem lub zanurzeniem w cieczy. Pierwszym i najważniejszym celem udzielania pomocy poszkodowanemu po epizodzie tonięcia jest zmniejszenie niedotlenienia. Natychmiastowe podjęcie i prawidłowe prowadzenie tlenoterapii czynnej lub biernej zwiększa przeżywalność. Dlatego czynność te należy rozpocząć tak szybko, jak to możliwe (można je rozpocząć, gdy poszkodowany znajduje się w płytkiej wodzie, jeżeli bezpieczeństwo ratownika nie jest zagrożone). Wychłodzenie to wyziębienie całego organizmu doprowadzające do zmniejszenia temperatury poniżej normalnych wartości (36,5°C – 37,5°C).
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza; 2013, 3; 135-144
1895-8443
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A proposal for marine fuel oil system arranged to burn heavy fuel oil and low sulphur distillate grade
Autorzy:
Krzyżanowski, J.
Nowak, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243358.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
automatic fuel change-over
chiller
Diesel Switch
Emission Control Areas
low-sulphur fuel
Opis:
The following paper introduces a retrofit proposal for marine fuel oil system arranged to burn heavy fuel oil and low-sulphur distillate grade. In the face of tighter requirements regarding sulphur content in fuel, which are obligatory both inside Emission Control Areas and among international waters, it is necessary to provide safe and efficient ship operation. Conventional methods for fuel change-over between heavy fuel oil and distillate grade are saddled with necessity of constant process control and compulsory engine load reduction during the realization of procedure. It ensures that maximum fuel temperature gradient amounts 2 °C/min, which protects injection system against thermal shock. The solution proposed by MAN Diesel & Turbo in cooperation with LEMAG Lehman & Michels turns mentioned procedure into unusual until now level thanks to guaranteed safety, control, smoothness and degree of automation. So-called Diesel Switch constitutes automatic fuel change-over system, which implements the process free from engine load factor. A built-in programmable logic controller and specially designed nonproportional valve enable to achieve smooth and linear characteristic of change. Furthermore, device controls other fuel oil system elements and also registers procedure run. The second element in retrofitted system concerns the way of distillate fuel cooling. Sulphur in the chemical bonds with other fuel components reveals lubricating properties. Reduction of its amount simultaneously with usage of low-viscosity distillate fuel creates a risk of damage to plunger and barrel assemblies. A guarantee of proper hydrodynamic lubrication film in injection system involves maintaining a minimal fuel viscosity of 2 cSt at engine inlet. Commonly used central cooling system on ships has a significant limitation. Water from low temperature cooling circuit, which provides a coolant cannot decrease fuel temperature below 40 °C. Applied solution proposed by Novenco is concerned with chilled water system assembly, which can cool down fuel even below 0 °C through vapour compression or an absorption cycle. As a result, low-sulphur fuel viscosity can be increased at any load independently of seawater temperature.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 2; 161-168
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Termite pyrotechnic compositions of iron and alkaline earth metals peroxides
Pirotechniczne mieszaniny termitowe żelaza z nadtlenkami berylowców
Autorzy:
Wojewódka, Andrzej
Gerlich, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1071697.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
time delay composition
detonator
gasless combustion
burn rate
mieszanina opóźniająca
zapalnik
spalanie bezgazowe
prędkość spalania
Opis:
Poniższy artykuł przedstawia badania procesu spalania mieszaniny żelaza z nadtlenkami berylowców. Obejmuje on przegląd literatury, jak również wyniki badań własnych, których celem jest określenie możliwości zastosowania w układach opóźniających mieszanin opartych na żelazie. Artykuł skupia swoją uwagę na określeniu prędkości propagacji frontu spalania mieszaniny w funkcji ciśnienia zaprasowania, zadanego w trakcie procesu elaboracji, zawartości żelaza oraz czystości wykorzystanych utleniaczy. Analiza DSC, TG oraz XRD potwierdziła, iż reakcje pomiędzy komponentami mieszaniny zachodzą głównie na granicy faz (ciało stałe)-(ciało stałe).
Źródło:
Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne; 2020, 12, 2; 55-72
2083-0165
Pojawia się w:
Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Combustion characteristics of a spark-ignited split-cycle engine fuelled with methane
Autorzy:
Cameron, I.
Sobiesiak, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133567.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
spark ignition engines
split-cycle
methane
natural gas
CNG
fast burn
turbulence
silnik o zapłonie iskrowym
metan
gaz ziemny
turbulencje
Opis:
This paper begins with a brief introduction to the operating principles of a split-cycle engine that utilizes a valved, intermediary volume to connect the two engine cylinders. Results from experimental testing of the engine fueled with pure methane are presented with a particular emphasis on the combustion duration and phasing. Two different methods of analysing the combustion duration – the mass fraction burn (MFB) and normalized pressure ratio (PRN) – are given. Testing was performed at wide open throttle (WOT) for engine speeds ranging from 850–1200 rpm, and air-fuel equivalence ratios from 0.8–1.0. The results indicate that the main combustion duration is very rapid for all conditions tested, despite late combustion phasing. Changes in spark timing were shown to have a considerable impact on IMEP but did not greatly effect the burn duration. Cyclic variability of IMEP was found to be less than 4% for all cases, except when operation was leaner than ø = 0.85, indicating good combustion stability.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2015, 54, 2; 33-41
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Scots pine Pinus sylvestris mortality after surface fire in oligotrophic pine forest Peucedano-Pinetum in Kampinos National Park
Autorzy:
Tyburski, Łukasz
Zaniewski, Piotr T.
Bolibok, Leszek
Piątkowski, Mateusz
Szczepkowski, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2044173.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
burn
Kampinos National Park
Scots pine
survival
Opis:
Pines are generally fire-resistant trees. There is a shortage of research on the behaviour of Scots pine after surface fire in older stands. The aim of the work was to describe the effect of the surface fire intensity on the mortality of pines of various diameter at breast height (DBH), including older trees. The research was conducted in Peucedano-Pinetum oligotrophic Scots-pine forest in Kampinos National Park (KPN, central Poland) on the area of two adjacent surface fire sites originated in spring 2015 in 60- to 200-year-old stands (site area: 10,92 ha). There were 45 (28 burned and 17 control) permanent plots established after the fire. The share of not burned, superficially burned and completely burnout organic horizon of the soil was determined within all of them. DBH and location of pine trees were measured within all of the plots on the area of 200 m2. For all of the trees for which full information about soil organic horizon damage was mapped, the prevailing type of disturbance in their close neighbourhoods with radii of 1 and 2 m was assessed. The mortality of trees was assessed after each vegetation period up to 2017, basing on the presence of green needles on the trees. The influence of fire intensity on the survival of trees was examined on whole permanent plot level as well as on individual tree level. Strong linear correlation was observed between Scots pine mortality and the share of plots area with damaged organic layer, especially at the end of the third vegetation period after fire. Logistic regression models constructed for individual trees suggest that bigger tree diameter (hence, thicker bark) diminished the odds of mortality only after two vegetation periods from the fire. After the third vegetation period, only the intensity of surface fire in the close neighbourhood of trees influenced (negatively) the chance on survival. The size of trees did no matter in this case. Nearly all of the trees that were located within burnout organic matter areas died. The results did not support the commonly known mechanism of enhancement of bigger Scots pine tree survival after surface fire because of thicker bark responsible for heat protection. Probably, the main cause of observed mortality was not overheating of cambium but it was rather connected to massive fine root loses. Scots pines growing on oligotrophic arid sites modify their root system to explore topsoil layers with higher proportion of shallow roots, growing even in organic litter layer. This corresponds with massive (regardless of size) pine mortality within sites characterised by complete burnout of organic matter layer and very high survival in those ones with only surfacely burned litter layer. The results can improve the assessment of surface fires consequences in managed Scots pine stands growing in oligotrophic conditions.
Źródło:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2019, 61, 1; 51-57
0071-6677
Pojawia się w:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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