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Wyszukujesz frazę "air transport of vehicles" wg kryterium: Wszystkie pola

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    Tytuł:
    Modelling of loading command system vehicles on the transport aircraft C-130
    Autorzy:
    Karczewski, M.
    Polak, F.
    Szczęch, L.
    Walentynowicz, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/347978.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Wojsk Lądowych imienia generała Tadeusza Kościuszki
    Tematy:
    command system vehicles
    air transport of vehicles
    Opis:
    The article presents modeling of loading platforms for the automated command system of a field artillery battalion mounted on the light wheeled chassis. According to the operational requirements, the field battalion should be tailored to be transported by the transport aircraft C-130E Hercules, which requires limiting the weight and dimensions of vehicles. Since a vehicle cab height is equal with the exact centimeter precise to the aircraft cargo bay height, it is necessary to reduce the relevant vehicle height by lowering the tire pressures in order to obtain an adequate margin.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki; 2016, 3; 100-111
    1731-8157
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Conception of vehicle of individual personal transport with hybrid pneumatic propulsion
    Autorzy:
    Drogosz, P.
    Paszkowski, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242398.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    individual personal transport
    ecologic vehicles
    air powered vehicles
    pneumatic vehicles
    hybrid pneumatic and human power propulsion
    Opis:
    This paper describes the conception of an individual personal transport vehicle. The conception of the vehicle is based on a mechanical structure of a bike and on a pneumatic engine as equipment of power support. The research was done as an analysis of existing vehicles with main or supporting gas power systems. In the research the expectations of users, technical resources as well as known constructions were taken into account. At the beginning, the technical properties of known methods and modern vehicles available for individual personal transport of people were reviewed. Next, some vehicles which can meet economic, ecologic and environmental criteria were identified. Finally, the authors proposed usage of extremely small and light-weight vehicles. It appears that the smallest, lightest and most economic construction of vehicles should be modeled on the bike. For power convenience on uphill roads compressed air as a supporting power factor was proposed. It also implied the possibility to use supporting power system as main power engine. However, the economic storage and management of compressed gas required optimization system of gas usage. This optimization depends on pulse wide modulation of air valve flow and possibility of air compression. Air compression is possible by driving downhill or on fixed vehicle by human muscle power. Those circumstances warrant to name such power system a hybrid pneumatic propulsion.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 1; 63-70
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Identification of places with deteriorated air quality in city of Žilina in relation to road transport
    Autorzy:
    Šarkan, Branislav
    Loman, Michal
    Harantová, Veronika
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24200879.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
    Tematy:
    emissions
    air quality
    vehicles
    particulate matter
    carbon monoxide
    Opis:
    The aim of the research is to identify places with deteriorated air quality in the selected city. After an analytical analysis of the data, it is possible to propose steps that can be used to actively contribute to the reduction of air pollution, especially due to road traffic. Places where deteriorated air quality was identified were identified on the basis of practical measurements. Given that the measurement route was designed in a built-up area of the city with a large number of pedestrians, the research was primarily focused on the identification of particulate matters (PM) and the concentration of carbon monoxide CO. The measurements were performed repeatedly on a pre-defined route. The measurements were carried out repeatedly during the morning rush hour when traffic was congested on the roads. Based on the processing and evaluation of the measurements, the sections where increased values of individual emissions were recorded were determined. In this way, it is possible to precisely identify places where air quality deteriorates. The research conclusions provide support for planning the optimization of air quality management policies towards the creation of sustainable cities. The research results present the possibilities of identifying problematic sections from the point of view of emissions production. Critical places with regard to the production of emissions can be connected to places where a permanently increased movement of vehicles is observed.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2023, 102, 4; 68--90
    1234-754X
    2084-476X
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Motoryzacji
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of measurement errors of cvs method used for tests of pollutant emissions from light-duty vehicles
    Autorzy:
    Majerczyk, A.
    Radzimirski, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242731.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    transport
    road transport
    combustion engines
    air pollution
    environmental protection
    Opis:
    The test procedure for the pollutant emissions from light-duty vehicles is currently under verification carried out at the international level. For this purpose, GRPE (Groupe des rapporteurs sur la pollution et energie) – the body developing UNECE regulations proposals - has set up a task group WLTP (Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure) which is supposed to prepare a new GTR (Global Technical Regulation) relating to this procedure. The development of light-duty vehicles, leading to the reduction of pollutants emissions, caused the increase of the requirements for their test procedure. A large number of factors associated, inter alia, with the test equipment affects its accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility. In the ongoing analysis attention is paid even to factors, which affect test results in a relatively small way, and which have been overlooked yet. One of the problems to which attention is paid is the impact of pollutant concentration in the dilution air in the CVS (constant volume sampler) system on test results. The CVS principle is accepted as the standard method to determine light-duty vehicle exhaust emissions on chassis dynamometer test cells worldwide. It was introduced in the early 1970s. One of its drawbacks is that it introduces an error resulting from the fact that the contractual DF dilution factor, rather than the actual dilution ratio DR, is used for the correction of concentration measurement results. The article discusses this error for different type of engines used in light-duty vehicles and different pollutants subject to measurements.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 4; 253-259
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of LPG gas fuel injectors on the properties of low emission vehicles
    Autorzy:
    Majerczyk, A.
    Radzimirski, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241843.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    road transport
    liquid fuels
    LPG
    combustion engines
    air pollution
    environmental protection
    Opis:
    Modern spark-ignition engines used for the propulsion of low emission vehicles are fuelled by injection systems in which the fuel is individually metered to each cylinder by a single injector (multipoint injection). For the proper engine operation, it is necessary that the injectors are similar to each other and stable in respect of the fuel dosage during the whole engine operation. This requirement is satisfactorily met by petrol injectors used by OEM. In contrast to petrol injectors, gas injector used in LPG-fuelled vehicles, in particular for the retrofit, are still in the development phase and therefore their quality and production consistency are often regarded as unsatisfactory from the standpoint of view of the proper engine operation. The injector-to-injector variation in the fuel dosage results in air-fuel mixture maldistribution in the cylinders, which, in turn, affects vehicle emission characteristics. The paper presents results of an investigation of inconsistency of gas injectors used in LPG vehicles in respect of their dosage. The method of measurement of the dosage uniformity is described. On the basis of the measurement, three sets of injectors differing in respect of injector-to-injector variation were selected for further vehicle tests. Tests were conducted on a passenger Euro 4 car. The emissions of limited pollutants were measured over the NEDC type-approval cycle and cycle's representative for the real world driving under Polish driving conditions. The paper presents results of the conducted tests and discusses the effect of injector-to-injector variation on the pollutant emissions.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 4; 401-410
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evaluation of interior air quality in terms of volatile organic compounds emission inside a new passenger car cabin depending on the temperature
    Autorzy:
    Skrętowicz, M.
    Włostowski, R.
    Kozłowski, C.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245967.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    vehicles
    road transport
    materials
    VOCs
    air pollution
    car cabin
    Opis:
    The new passenger car, BMW 225 XE was tested. The results of measurements of concentration of VOCs carried out inside the car cabin depending on the temperature were presented. The investigation was carried out in a special climatic chamber isolated from external factors such as outside air pollutants and weather conditions. The following temperature values have been set: 17ºC, 20ºC, 35ºC and 50ºC. The samples were located inside and outside of the vehicle’s cabin. As expected, the concentrations of each compound increased with increasing temperature (volatility of VOCs increases with the temperature). Values of concentrations obtained in the measurements have been compared with the values of highest acceptable concentration specified in polish law. The article describes the investigation, which was provided in a special climatic chamber. The chamber was isolated from external weather conditions and pollutants. Before each sampling interior of car cabin was ventilated to remove all pollutants from inside. Concentrations of BTX measured in different temperatures were converted to temperature of 20ºC.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 4; 393-398
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Advantages of using hybrid vehicles based on empirical studies on the chassis dynamometer in the WLTC test
    Autorzy:
    Gis, M.
    Lasocki, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243969.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    road transport
    combustion engines
    hybrid powertrain
    air pollution
    exhausts emission
    Opis:
    Vehicles powered in alternative ways have an increasing share in the car market. Their use is becoming more and more justified considering the ever more stringent standards for the emission of harmful substances from the exhaust systems of internal combustion engines and the introduction of restrictions on vehicle traffic in city centres. The possibility of using in the propulsion systems only an electric motor or its simultaneous use with the internal combustion engine enables a significant reduction of emission of harmful exhaust gas pollutants. This applies in particular to urban areas, where there are numerous exceedances of acceptable air quality standards. This problem is most noticeable in larger cities in Poland, where there is a lot of traffic. It is therefore legitimate to promote alternative vehicles powered in alternative ways. Their dual power system gives the opportunity to significantly reduce the emission of harmful substances. Therefore, the article presents own research, carried out on a chassis dynamometer, using two passenger cars, one with a spark-ignition combustion engine and the second with a hybrid drive system containing a spark-ignition engine and an electric motor (system without the possibility of recharging batteries from external sources). Vehicles were characterized by similar mass and the same displacement volumes of internal combustion engines. The results of the tests made it possible to compare cars in terms of exhaust emissions. For testing purposes, a chassis dynamometer was used, on which the WLTC homologation cycle was repeatedly reproduced. This is a new driving cycle, which replaces the NEDC cycle used so far in the type approval procedure in the European Union.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 4; 103-109
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Proposal of a methodology enabling application of the COPERT IV method to calculate air emissions from light and heavy duty vehicles, buses, motorcycles and mopeds in Poland
    Autorzy:
    TRELA, Mariusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/529732.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    COPERT IV method
    pollutants emission
    road transport
    Opis:
    The paper presents a method of preparation of statistical data in such a manner as to enable application of the COPERT IV method to calculate emissions resulting from the operation of light and heavy commercial vehicles, buses as well as motorcycles and mopeds. The paper also presents the results of calculations of emissions from these vehicles in Poland in 2014, made by means of the COPERT IV method with application of the proposed methodology. The results have been compared with data from emission inventories, and conclusions have been drawn concerning the reasonableness and possibility of applying the proposed methodology.
    Źródło:
    Central and Eastern European Journal of Management and Economics (CEEJME); 2016, 4; 281-292
    2353-9119
    Pojawia się w:
    Central and Eastern European Journal of Management and Economics (CEEJME)
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Risk evaluation of driver exposure to exhaust fumes inside the passenger car cabin in urban traffic conditions
    Autorzy:
    Skrętowicz, M.
    Jankowski, A.
    Haller, P.
    Woźniak, J.
    Janas, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245464.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    vehicles
    road transport
    air pollution
    car cabin
    volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
    Opis:
    Nowadays, with the current dynamic development of the automotive industry, we spend more and more time indoors, including in vehicles. The air used for ventilation of the vehicle's cabin comes from the outside. Pollution enters into the vehicle. This research presents the results of tests conducted to assess the exposure of the driver and passengers to volatile organic compounds entering the vehicle with atmospheric air. The simulation researches were conducted on a chassis dynamometer at the Department of Vehicle Engineering at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technical University of Wroclaw and the tests under real conditions, i.e. traffic urban conditions, were taken as well. The measurements were conducted in the centre of Wroclaw during peak hours, when the traffic jam is the most frequent. The measurements were taken in order to organic compounds analysis, which includes gas chromatography. The analysis results were averaged from three measurements to get these studies more reliable. Results show that during mobile tests the vehicle was exposed to much more pollution than in the stationary tests in the simulated conditions of traffic congestion. Therefore, the studies present that the pollution in the traffic congestion is the real danger to drivers.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 3; 457-464
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ zastosowania paliw alternatywnych w transporcie, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem CNG, na ograniczenie emisji zanieczyszczeń powietrza
    The impact of the use of alternative fuels in transport, with a particular emphasis on CNG, to reduce the emissions of air pollutants
    Autorzy:
    Kuczyński, Sz.
    Liszka, K.
    Łaciak, M.
    Kyć, K.
    Oliinyk, A.
    Szurlej, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/283368.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN
    Tematy:
    sprężony gaz ziemny
    pojazdy napędzane gazem ziemnym
    paliwa alternatywne
    emisje
    ceny paliw
    gazy cieplarniane
    Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
    Natural Gas Vehicles
    alternative fuels
    emissions
    fuel prices
    greenhouse gases
    Opis:
    Wykorzystanie w transporcie gazu ziemnego jako alternatywnego paliwa ma długą historię, sięga bowiem lat sześćdziesiątych XIX wieku. W okresach kryzysów związanych z niedoborem paliw konwencjonalnych rosło wykorzystanie paliw gazowych w transporcie. Dyrektywa Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady 2014/94/UE w sprawie rozwoju infrastruktury paliw alternatywnych nakłada na państwa członkowskie obowiązek rozmieszczenia infrastruktury dla ładowania energii elektrycznej oraz stacji tankowania gazu ziemnego w postaci CNG (Compressed Natural Gas – sprę- żony gaz ziemny) i LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas – skroplony gaz ziemny). W artykule przeanalizowano jak kształtowała się emisja głównych zanieczyszczeń pochodzących z transportu drogowego w Polsce w latach 2003−2014. Przeanalizowano zmiany emisji CO2 w wybranych miastach Polski, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem emisji z sektora transportowego. Przybliżono efekty ekologiczne i ekonomiczne związane z eksploatacją autobusów CNG w krakowskim MPK. Podjęto próbę identyfikacji głównych barier rozwoju krajowego rynku CNG oraz przywołano wybrane pozytywne czynniki z krajów UE wspierające rozwój rynku CNG.
    The use of natural gas as alternative fuel in the transport sector has a long history and dates back to the 1860s. In the conventional fuel shortage crisis times, fuel gas was frequently used in transport. Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council a on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure obliges EU member states to develop power access hotspots as well as CNG and LNG distribution infrastructure. The emission of major contaminants generated by road transport in Poland from 2003–2014 were analyzed in this paper. The CO2 emissions in major Polish cities were approximated, with a special emphasis on transport as their source. The ecological and economic aspects of CNG buses in Krakow municipal transport were analyzed. Attempts were made to identify major obstacles hindering the development of the CNG market in Poland against the background of positive examples of actions undertaken by some EU countries on behalf of the CNG market.
    Źródło:
    Polityka Energetyczna; 2016, 19, 3; 91-104
    1429-6675
    Pojawia się w:
    Polityka Energetyczna
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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