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    Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8
    Tytuł:
    Impact of agronomy on HT-2 and T-2 toxin content of oats.
    Autorzy:
    Edwards, Simon G.
    Anderson, Eric
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2199598.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-06-21
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
    Tematy:
    agronomy
    fungicide
    HT-2
    nitrogen
    PGR
    T-2
    variety
    Opis:
    Surveys of oats in the UK and Nordic countries have identified high concentrations of HT-2 and T-2 can occur in unprocessed oats. HT-2 and T-2 are two closely related type A trichothecenes and two of the most toxic fusarium mycotoxins. There is currently no legislation on HT-2 and T-2, however, there is a discussion limit of 500 µg kg-1 in unprocessed oats. A previous survey identified that variety, previous crop, cultivation, fungicide use and some other factor(s) within organic oat production, which was not within the model, were all significant agronomic factors in the determination of HT-2 and T-2 concentrations of UK oats. Possible agronomy within conventional compared to organic agriculture would include the use of inorganic fertilisers and plant growth regulators (PGR). Oats harvested from two series of agronomic field experiments were analysed for the combined concentration of HT-2 and T-2 (HT2+T2) using ELISA. Experiments were repeated for both winter and spring varieties over two years. The first experiments were of a factorial design with three varieties, three nitrogen rates and plus/minus a PGR (chlormequat). The second series had twelve fungicide regimes. The results identified that there were no significant differences in HT-2+T-2 between samples from oat plots that received different rates of inorganic nitrogen, a PGR, or a range of different fungicide regimes. There was however a significant difference between varieties for both winter and spring variety experiments...
    Źródło:
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2011, 63; 49-58
    1429-3862
    2083-599X
    Pojawia się w:
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Fusarium mycotoxins and human health. Review.
    Autorzy:
    Shephard, Gordon S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2199623.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-12-20
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
    Tematy:
    cancer
    deoxynivalenol
    Fumonisin
    T-2 toxin
    trichothecenes zearalenone
    Opis:
    Species within the genus Fusarium produce a diverse range of mycotoxins, many of which have signifi- cant impacts on human health. Of the five generally recognised major mycotoxins, three (fumonisins, de- oxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON)) are produced by Fusaria. Apart from DON, other trichothecenes such as T-2 toxin, have received considerable international attention due to their impact on human health. The fumonisins, which occur ubiquitously in maize and its products, have been linked to oesophageal cancer, liver cancer and neural tube defects. DON, a frequent contaminant of maize, wheat and their products, although showing no carcinogenic potential, is immunomodulatory and produces emesis and growth retardation in animals. ZON is a naturally occurring endocrine disrupting chemical. Acute exposure to these mycotoxins has in each case been linked to outbreaks of human disease – gastro-intestinal effects in the case of fumonisins and DON, and precocious pubertal changes in the case of ZON. Concern over their toxicological effects has led to risk assessments by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), which has set maximum tolerable daily intakes (TDI) of 2 µg/ kg body weight (bw) for fumonisins and 0.5 µg/kg bw for ZON. The initial TDI set for DON, namely 1 µg/kg bw has recently been updated by JECFA to include both 3- and 15-acetylDON. Apart from the above mycotoxins, a number of other secondary metabolites (moniliformin, beauvericin and fusaproliferin) are produced by different Fusaria and their effects on human health, either alone or in combination with other mycotoxins, is largely unexplored.
    Źródło:
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2011, 64; 113-122
    1429-3862
    2083-599X
    Pojawia się w:
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Natural Occurrence of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Oil Crop Seed
    Autorzy:
    Mankeviciene, Audrone
    Suproniene, Skaidre
    Brazauskiene, Irena
    Gruzdeviene, Elvyra
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2199601.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-06-21
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
    Tematy:
    deoxynivalenol
    Fusarium spp.
    linseed
    rapeseed
    T-2 toxin
    zearalenone
    Opis:
    Oilseeds are a perfect medium for microfungi spread and mycotoxin production. With increasing demand for oil crop produce such research has gained a special relevance since research evidence on this issue is scarce. During 2007-2009, prevalent fungi genera, including Fusarium genus, potential producer of deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), T-2 toxin (T-2) etc. were determined in our tests. The ELISA immunoenzymatic method and Veratox Fast kits were used to identify and quantify mycotoxins, while Fusarium fungi species were identified using conventional fungi determination techniques. Higher Fusarium fungi contamination level was found on linseed compared with that on spring or winter rapeseed. The difference was even more obvious in different experimental years, however, having identified Fusarium species, F. avenaceum and F. oxysporum were found to be prevalent in the seed of all crop species tested. In 2009, spring rape samples were found to contain F. dimerum which is a significant human pathogen.The presence of DON was identified in 18.2-100%, ZEA in 40 -100%, and T-2 toxin in 100% of seed samples of all oil crop species tested. From the food safety viewpoint, the concentrations determined did not exceed the levels hazardous for health, laid out in the EU regulations, however, the effect of low toxin concentrations is slow and the negative consequences manifest themselves only after some time and in various forms, which poses a serious health risk for humans and animals.
    Źródło:
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2011, 63; 109-116
    1429-3862
    2083-599X
    Pojawia się w:
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mycotoxin – induced apoptosis in swine kidney epithelial cells
    Autorzy:
    Chrustek, Agnieszka
    Twarużek, Magdalena
    Zastempowska, Ewa
    Grajewski, Jan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2182166.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
    Tematy:
    aflatoxins
    apoptosis
    mycotoxins
    ochratoxin A
    swine kidney cell line
    T2 toxin
    Opis:
    Apoptosis, as the programmed cell death, plays a significant role in proper functioning of an organism, both in the postnatal period and during embryogenesis. Disturbances in this process can lead to the occurrence of several dysfunctions, e.g. cancer, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease and others. Apoptosis can be triggered by factors such as oxidative stress, free radicals, UV radiation and cytotoxic drugs, but also mycotoxins, e.g. aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and trichothecenes. These toxins are produced primarily by fungi of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and Stachybotrys genera. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of mycotoxins on the occurrence of apoptosis in the swine kidney (SK) epithelial cells. For this purpose, trichothecene T2 toxin was used at a concentration of 2.5 µM and 25 µM, aflatoxin B1 at a dose of 10 µM and 30 µM, and ochratoxin A concentrations of 50 µM and 80 µM. The results were assessed using flow cytometer Muse Cell Analyzer (Merck). Studies have shown high sensitivity of the cell line SK on mycotoxins. Apoptosis was caused by all kinds of toxins and depended on the dose of examined substance. T2 toxin at a concentration of 2.5 µM caused apoptosis in 6.9% of the cells, whereas at a concentration of 25 µM in 26.35% of the cells. Aflatoxin B1 used at concentrations of 10 µM and 30 µM caused apoptosis in 13.5% and 40.6% of the cells, respectively. The use of ochratoxin A in concentrations of 50 µM and 80 µM caused the occurrence of apoptosis respectively in 68.51% and 60.41% of the cells.
    Źródło:
    Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae; 2016, 1; 105-114
    2543-8832
    2545-0999
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Toxicity and risks with T-2 and HT-2 toxins in cereals.
    Autorzy:
    Pettersson, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2199611.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-12-20
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
    Tematy:
    Fusarium langsethiae
    HT-2 toxin
    oats
    T-2 toxin
    toxin contamination
    toxicity
    risk
    Opis:
    The trichothecenes T-2 and HT-2 toxins have during recent years been found frequently in cereals grown in Europe. They are mainly produced by Fusarium  langsethiae.  High concentrations of the toxins are most commonly found in oats, but they are also detected frequently at lower concentrations in barley. Wheat is only rarely contaminated. Yearly surveys of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in oats from Northern Europe have shown that the occurrence and levels have increased from 2002, with very high levels in 2005-2007, followed by a decrease in 2008-2009. Raw oats delivered to mills for processing to food have also been highly contaminated with T-2 and HT-2 toxins during the period 2006-2009. The processing of oats in the mills by sorting-sieving and dehulling reduce the toxin concentrations in the final food products, flakes and meals, with more than 80 % even at high levels in the raw oat. The concentrations of the toxins in the by-products from the process are instead increased. The by-products are mainly used as feed components. The toxic effects of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in animals and the toxicological information used in the risk evaluations are briefly described. Risk evaluations of the toxins in cereals for human consumption have been conducted by both EU-Scientific Committee on Food and by JECFA in 2001. Both evaluations resulted in the same temporary tolerable daily intake (t-TDI) for the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins. The group TDI for T-2 and HT-2 toxins, alone or in combination, became 60 ng/kg bw and day. The intake of T-2 and HT-2 toxins through oats is calculated from median concentrations in oat products and median consumption data from Norway. The intake was found to be 1.5-5.4 % of the t-TDI. The  toxic  effects  studied  or  expected in  farm  animals, horses  and  ruminants, consuming high amounts of oat in their feed are described and discussed.
    Źródło:
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2011, 64; 65-74
    1429-3862
    2083-599X
    Pojawia się w:
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Badania monitoringowe w zakresie oznaczania poziomu toksyn T-2 i HT-2 w przetworach zbozowych
    Monitoring programme of T-2 and HT-2 toxins level in cereal products
    Autorzy:
    Postupolski, J
    Rybinska, K.
    Ledzion, E.
    Kurpinska-Jaworska, J.
    Szczesna, M.
    Karlowski, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/875683.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny
    Tematy:
    monitoring zywnosci
    przetwory zbozowe
    mikotoksyny
    toksyna T-2
    toksyna HT-2
    zanieczyszczenia zywnosci
    food monitoring
    cereal product
    mycotoxin
    T-2 toxin
    HT-2 toxin
    food contaminant
    Opis:
    W celu realizacji krajowego planu monitoringu żywności opracowano, zwalidowano i akredytowano metodę oznaczania toksyn T-2 i HT-2 w produktach zbożowych. Do analizy toksyn zastosowano metodę pojedynczej ekstrakcji i oznaczania techniką HPLC/MS-MS ESI+. Prametry skuteczności metody (odzysk, precyzja i niepewność wyniku) są zgodne z kryteriami podanymi w Rozporządzeniu Komisji (WE) nr 401/2006. Granica wykrywalności metody dla toksyny T-2 wynosi 3 µg/kg, a dla toksyny HT-2 4 µg/kg. Próbki do badań były pobierane przez stacje sanitarno - epidemiologiczne z terenu całego kraju. Oznaczenia wykonano w 107 próbkach przetworów zbożowych, otrzymanych głównie z owsa. Toksyny T-2 i HT-2 stwierdzono w 43 % próbek, średni poziom zanieczyszczenia w próbkach produktów pochodzących z owsa wynosił 22,5 µg/kg (najwyższy- 109 µg/kg w płatkach owsianych), w pozostałych (płatki pszenne i jęczmienne, kasze, mąka) 7,0 µg/kg. Uzyskane dane wskazują, że wartości tolerowanego dziennego pobrania (TDI) dla toksyn T-2 i HT-2 nie są przekroczone.
    In framework of the national monitoring program in Poland HPLC method for determination of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in cereal products was developed, validated and accredited. Simply, one-step extraction and HPLC MS/MS ESI+ method was used for determination both toxins. Performance of method (recovery, precision and uncertainty of results) is in line with Commission Regulation No 401/2006. Limit of detection for T-2 and HT-2 toxins is 3 ad 4 |µg/kg, respectively. Samples were taken by sanitary inspection from all region of country. 107 samples cereal products (mainly from oats) were tested. T-2 and HT-2 toxins were detected in 43 % samples, mean level in oats products was 22.5 µg/kg (maximum level 109 µg/kg in oat flakes), in other samples (wheat and barley flakes, grouts, flours) - 7.0 µg/kg. Intake of T-2/HT-2 toxin by the consumer in Poland is much lower than the TDI.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 2008, 59, 4; 429-435
    0035-7715
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ parametrów fermentacji ciasta i wypieku na zawartość deoksyniwalenolu i toksyny T-2 w pieczywie żytnim
    Effect of baking process parameters on the content of deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin in rye bread
    Autorzy:
    Mazurkiewicz, J.
    Kuzdralinski, A.
    Solarska, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/34730.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Opis:
    Celem niniejszej pracy było określenie wpływu sposobu prowadzenia fermentacji ciasta chlebowego oraz temperatury wypieku pieczywa na zawartość deoksyniwalenolu i toksyny T-2 w miękiszu i skórce pieczywa wykonanego ze skażonej mąki żytniej. Ziarno żyta inokulowano fragmentami grzybni Fusarium wyrosłej na podłożu mineralnym. Ze skażonego ziarna przygotowano mąkę i wykonano fermentację ciasta metodą bezpośrednią z dodatkiem kwasu mlekowego (jednofazową) i trzyfazową (na żurku). Po zakończeniu fermentacji wykonano wypiek pieczywa w temperaturze: 200oC przez 20 minut oraz 230oC przez 15 minut. Po przemiale skażonego ziarna we frakcji otrąb znajdowało się znacznie więcej mikotoksyn w porównaniu do mąki. Obie metody przyczyniły się, w przypadku miękiszu chlebka porażonego przez F. species i F. graminearum, do spadku zawartości deoksyniwalenolu (DON), zaś chlebka porażonego przez F. culmorum do wzrostu zawartości tej miko-toksyny. W skórce chlebka zawartość DON i T-2 była nieznacznie niższa niż w miękiszu. Największą redukcję obu mikotoksyn w miękiszu uzyskano w metodzie bezpośredniej: DON w mące skażonej F. species i toksyną T-2 w mące skażonej F. graminearum. Nieznacznie skuteczniejsze w redukcji zarówno DON, jak i toksyny T-2, okazało się działanie temperatury wypieku 230oC przez 15 minut. Zmniejszenie poziomu DON po zastosowaniu wyższej temperatury odnotowano dla skórki chlebków z mąki porażonej przez F. species i F. graminearum, przy czym maksymalna różnica w degradacji DON spowodowana temperaturą wypieku wynosiła 2,4%, a w degradacji toksyny T-2 – 3,1%. Jednak we wszystkich otrzymanych chlebkach zawartość badanych mikotoksyn była wyższa od najwyższego dopuszczalnego poziomu.
    The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the conduct of dough fermentation and baking temperature on the content of deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin in the crust and crumb of bread made from contaminated rye flour. Fungi from the genus Fusarium were grown in a mineral medium, then rye grain was inoculated with them. Flour was made from grain infected with the fungi, and fermentation of dough was performed with the direct method (SPM) with the addition of lactic acid, and the three phase method in sour soup (TPM). After the fermentation bread was baked at temperature 200oC for 20 min and 230°C for 15 minutes. The concentration of mycotoxins was determined by use of the direct competence ELISA tests – AgraQuant Test Kit (Romer Labs). After the milling of contaminated grains, the bran fraction had much more mycotoxins compared to the flour. Content of DON and T-2-toxin in the bread crust was slightly lower than in the crumb. The greatest reduction of both mycotoxins content in the crumb was obtained in the direct method: DON from flour contaminated with Fusarium species and T-2-toxin from flour contaminated with F. graminearum. Baking temperature of 230oC for 15 minutes was slightly more effective in reducing both DON and T-2 toxin. Reduction of DON content in crust of the bread from flour infected by Fusarium fungi after application of the higher temperature of baking was observed in F. species and F. graminearum, the maximum difference in degradation of DON caused by the baking temperature being 2.4%, and in the degradation of the T-2-toxin – 3.1%. However, the mycotoxin content in all tested breads was higher than the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs)
    Źródło:
    Acta Agrophysica; 2012, 19, 4
    1234-4125
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Agrophysica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The effect of T-2 toxin on percentages of CD4plus, CD8plus, CD4plusCD8plus and CD21plus lymphocytes, and mRNA expression levels of selected cytokines in porcine ileal Peyer’s patches
    Autorzy:
    Obremski, K.
    Podlasz, P.
    Zmigrodzka, M.
    Winnicka, A.
    Wozny, M.
    Brzuzan, P.
    Jakimiuk, E.
    Wojtacha, P.
    Gajecka, M.
    Zielonka, L.
    Gajecki, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30985.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Opis:
    The immune system is one of the main toxicity targets of the T-2 toxin. In view of scant research data demonstrating the effect of T-2 on cellular and humoral responses in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), this study set out to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to low doses of the T-2 toxin (200 μg T-2 toxin kg⁻¹ feed) on percentages of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes, CD4⁺/CD8⁺ double-positive T lymphocytes, CD21⁺ B cells, and IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA expression levels in porcine ileal Peyer’s patches. The investigated material comprised ileum sections sampled from piglets (aged 8-10 weeks, body weight of 15-18 kg) on days 14, 28 and 42 of the experiment. After 42 days of exposure to T-2, a significant drop in the quantity of the IL-10 product was observed (R=0.94; S.E. 0.49-0.79; p<0.001). A gradual decrease in the amount of IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokine transcripts was found throughout the experiment, but the reported trend was not significant. On experimental days 14 and 42, a significant increase in the percentage of CD8⁺ T lymphocytes was observed in comparison with the control (p=0.04 and p=0.05, respectively), whereas on day 28, a significant decrease in the percentage of the above subpopulation was noted (p=0.00). The percentage of CD21⁺ B cells in the experimental group decreased steadily in comparison with the control, and the observed drop was significant on days 28 and 42 (p=0.06 and p=0.00, respectively). On days 14 and 28, the percentages of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes were lower in the experimental animals than in the control group, and the drop reported on day 28 was statistically significant (p=0.03).
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences; 2013, 16, 2
    1505-1773
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8

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