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    Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13
    Tytuł:
    Jeszcze włócznia, czy już kopia? Rozważania w kontekście dzieł sztuki europejskiej
    Still a spear or already a lance? Deliberations in the context of European art
    Autorzy:
    Sierosławski, Artur
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941996.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    bronioznawstwo
    kopia
    włócznia
    kawaleria
    średniowiecze
    studies in arms
    lance
    spear
    cavalry
    Middle Ages
    Opis:
    The lance is an instantly recognizable medieval weapon. It’s the primary weapon of a medieval knights, the primary he uses in battle. But it’s still not clear when the lance appeared. In most publications its appearance is dated to the 12th c. There are no preserved artifacts and the written sources are not clear on this subject. New informations can be drawn from works of medieval art, especially illustrated manuscripts and architectural decorations. For this deliberation I used iconography dated between the 8th and 14th c. There are three characteristics with which we can distinguish the spear and the lance. The first is the construction of the shaft end. The difference between spear shaft and lance shaft is that the lance shaft had a vamplate, a small circular plate. In many publications it can be read, that this plate was made for protecting the hand. This is of course a misunderstanding. It allowed a firmer grip of the shaft upon impact. There was no need to protect the hand during the duel, because knights were trying to hit the head or the torso of their opponents, not the hand. The second way to recognize the kind of weapon is to analyse how the horsemen uses them. The spears were manipulated with one hand. Horsemen were very often attacking by rising the spear over the head and then striking their opponents from above. Lances were used in a quite different way. Horsemen during the attack had the lances under their arms and struck their enemies facing them. These two polearm techniques can be found on medieval representations. The third characteristic is the shape of the spearhead. In many illustrations it is shown very schematically, therefore very often we can’t identify the type of weapon basing on the presentation of the tip. The only exception is the spearhead of type VI (by Nadolski). The characteristic crosspiece attached to (or slightly below) the bush is quite often marked on the illustrations. In these situations we can be sure, that this weapon is a spear. During the 8th–10th c. mounted units undoubtedly utilized spears, there is no argue about that. On every illustration made at that time which shows a mounted warrior armed with a pole weapon, this weapon is a spear. Around the middle of the 11th c. a very important change in the use of polearms occurred. The Bayeux Tapestry which was made around 1068 depicts horsemen using spears in a manner typical for the lance. One of knights represented in the battle scene holds his spear under his arm and hits his opponent in the face. This is an unquestionable evidence that the evolution of the lance started in the 11th, not the 12th c. Of course I don’t suggest, that the army of William the Conqueror was armed with lances, but that the mentioned work of early medieval art is the oldest evidence of the first step in the evolution of polearms. In this context we should look closer at some types of early medieval spearheads, especially of Nadolski’s type IX, which is relatively short, but massive. Could it be a type of an early lance head? In the 12th and 13th c. the shaft of the lance was developed, the weapon became longer and heavier. Knights represented in art from that time always use their polearms by holding them under their arms. Hunting scenes are the only exceptions. In these cases the horsemen uses their weapons holding them I one hand, above their heads. That proves that they’re using spears. Another important source for this discussion is the Manesse Codex, which was written in the first half of the 14th c. A few illustrations depict duel scenes and “portraits” of knights, who were the main characters of poems contented in the Codex. Some of those illustrations are very accurate, with important details clearly visible. Some of the lances represented here have an additional constructional element, a vamplate. As it was written in the beginning, its presence is one of the essential differences separating the lance from the spear. Is it possible to point the exact time when the lance appeared? Medieval iconography can bring us closer to the truth, but it only allows to identify the ante quem dating. Surely, the first step of the evolution of medieval polearms took place before 1066, before the battle of Hastings that is. But to say exactly how long before the battle took place mounted warriors had already been accustomed to the use of spears in a way specific for the lance – this cannot be determined.
    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica; 2013, 29
    0208-6034
    2449-8300
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Yielding of white and green asparagus in the open field and in the tunnel in the first two years of harvest
    Plonowanie zielonych i bielonych wypustek szparaga uprawianego w polu i w tunelu foliowym w pierwszych dwóch latach zbioru
    Autorzy:
    Dyduch, J.
    Mysiak, B.
    Rodkiewicz, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11542970.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie
    Tematy:
    yielding
    white asparagus
    Asparagus officinalis
    green asparagus
    asparagus
    white spear
    green spear
    weight
    open field
    tunnel
    foil
    harvest
    Opis:
    Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) may be cultivated either for white or for green spears, the latter method started to prevail in the world in the last years. The aim of the study was a comparison of yielding of white and green asparagus cv. ‘Ravel’ in the open field and in the PE tunnel. The weight, number and diameter of spears in the total, marketable and non-marketable yields in the first and second harvest year were assessed. Total and marketable yield of white asparagus was higher than that of green one, but the latter formed significantly more spears in the total and nonmarketable yield. The yield and number of spears obtained in the tunnel was significantly higher than with no cover. Marketable spears constituted on average 77.8% of yield weight and 63.0% of the total number of spears and the values for both cultivation methods were similar. Mean weight and diameter of white spears were higher than those of the green ones.
    Szparag (Asparagus officinalis L.) może być uprawiany na wypustki bielone lub zielone; w ostatnich latach na świecie zaczął dominować ten drugi sposób uprawy. Celem badań było porównanie plonowania szparaga lekarskiego odmiany Ravel w uprawie na bielone i zielone wypustki w gruncie i w tunelu foliowym. Oceniono masę, liczbę i średnicę wypustek w plonie ogółem, handlowym i niehandlowym w pierwszym i drugim roku zbioru. Plon ogółem i handlowy bielonych wypustek był istotnie wyższy niż zielonych, natomiast liczba zielonych wypustek w plonie ogółem i niehandlowym była większa w porównaniu z bielonymi. Plon i liczba wypustek z uprawy w tunelu były istotnie większe niż w gruncie. Wypustki handlowe stanowiły średnio 77,8% masy i 63,0% liczby wypustek i wartości te były zbliżone dla obu metod uprawy. Wypustki bielone miały średnio większą masę i średnicę niż zielone.
    Źródło:
    Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus; 2014, 13, 4; 107-115
    1644-0692
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Konia z rzędem za autora! Shakespeare, Szekspirowie i szekspirologie u progu nowego tysiąclecia
    Who Shakes the Spear? Shakespeare and Shakespearologies at the Dawn of the New Millenium
    Autorzy:
    Mydla, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/467654.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
    Opis:
    Jacek Mydla's review of "The Shakespeare Canon Revisited" by George Volceanov (2005).
    Źródło:
    ER(R)GO: Teoria – Literatura – Kultura; 2005, 11
    1508-6305
    2544-3186
    Pojawia się w:
    ER(R)GO: Teoria – Literatura – Kultura
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Monitoring the Evolution of Redox Changes in Sediments made Possible by Electrochemical Multilayer Probes
    Autorzy:
    Popa, Radu
    Moga, Ioana Corina
    Nealson, Kenneth H.
    Cimpoiasu, V.M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2134093.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    sensor
    sediments
    SPEAR
    multielectrode
    redox interface
    Opis:
    Marine sediments with rapid oxic/anoxic transitions are difficult to monitor in real time. Organic overload that may lead to anoxia and buildup of hydrogen sulfide can be caused by a variety of factors such as sewage spills, harbor water stagnation, algal blooms and the vicinity of aquaculture operations. We have tested a novel multiprobe technology (named SPEAR) on marine sediments to evaluate its performance in monitoring sediments and overlaying water. Our results show the ability of the SPEAR probes to distinguish electrochemical changes at 2-3 mm scale and at hourly cycles. SPEAR probes have the ability to identify redox interfaces and redox transition zones in sediments, but do not use micromanipulators (which are cumbersome in field and underwater applications). We propose that the best target habitats for SPEAR-type monitoring are rapidly evolving muddy deposits and sediments near aquaculture operations where pollution with organics stresses the ecosystem.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2022, 67, 3; 1037--1041
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A finite element model development as a part of process of energy absorption material selection
    Autorzy:
    Jakubowski, R.
    Skorupka, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244612.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    RASTAS Spear
    material
    energy absorption
    finite element model
    LS-DYNA
    Opis:
    The Warsaw Institute of Aviation major role in the RASTAS Spear project was to design an energy absorption system for the space probe lander. As the system was meant to be unmanned, the main requirement was to use no active solutions like parachute or rocket propulsion (less complexity in application and thus more reliability). A group of various materials was chosen to be tested. Tests campaign was divided into three stages: static compression tests, low speed dynamic tests and high speed dynamic tests. The high-speed dynamic tests were divided into two substages. In the first one simple cube specimens were tested to obtain data necessary for second substage in which full-scale object was tested. Having valuable data from experiments, numerical simulations in LS-DYNA software were carried out and then the results were compared. Based on experimental data several iterations during finite element model developing process were made. That process allowed setting up properly simulation by changing and adjusting properties such: material models, contact types, element formulation and other important constants. The finite element simulation results showed a good correlation with experimental data. The knowledge gained from numerical model optimization in connection with experimental data allowed for creating faster and more accurate energy absorbing material selection methodology. This methodology was successfully used in subsequent projects in which Institute of Aviation took part and also can be used in other future applications.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 3; 217-223
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Biomechanical analysis of Yangs spear turning-stab technique in Chinese martial arts
    Autorzy:
    Liu, Yufeng
    Kong, Jianguo
    Wang, Xiuping
    Shan, Gongbing
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1922261.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-08-05
    Wydawca:
    PPHU Projack Jacek Wąsik
    Tematy:
    3D motion capture
    force measurement
    phases
    hiding
    sliding
    relative motion
    Opis:
    The Yang's spear turning-stab was a legendary technique, applied in ancient battles in China. It resulted in numerous famous winnings. The mythical aspect of the technique is a victory in fleeing and back-facing a fighter. Now the skill is a spear technique of Chinese martial arts that is learned and excised by many Chinese Gungfu practitioners. Due to a dearth of scientific study on the skill, the uniqueness and its winning secretes are still unknown. The aim of this study is to demystify the skill by using a synchronized measurement of 3D motion capture (VICON 12 camera system), stab-force measurement (AMTI force platform). Six Gungfu athletes with more than 30 years training experience participated in the study. Both the Yang's spear turning-stab (used by a fleer) and spear forward-stab (used by a chaser) were measured and biomechanically analyzed. The results reveal that there would be six secrets for its historical successes. They are 1) showing weakness (i.e. pretend to be defeated), 2) shortening the stab for quick turning, 3) hiding the stab for a covert attack, 4) leaving less reaction time for opponent, 5) generating higher stab-force than opponent, and 6) leaning backward for a stable stab-posture. These secrets identify elements necessary for systematic training toward a reliable execution of the skill. This skill shows the delicate characteristics of Chinese martial culture. Learning and training the skill would benefit trainees both physically and culturally.
    Źródło:
    Physical Activity Review; 2020, 2, 8; 16-22
    2300-5076
    Pojawia się w:
    Physical Activity Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Phenolic acids in extracts obtained from the flowering herbs of Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. growing in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Kozyra, M.
    Glowniak, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/58350.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
    Tematy:
    phenolic acid
    methanol extract
    flowering plant
    herb
    Cirsium vulgare
    spear thistle
    Polska
    Opis:
    In this work the phenolic acids in the methanol extract from the flowering herbs of Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. growing in Poland were isolated and identified. The samples containing free phenolic acids and those released after acid and alkaline hydrolyses were investigated by 2D TLC on cellulose. After purification by SPE, samples were also analyzed by RP-HPLC. Six phenolic acids such as gallic, protokatechuic, gentisic, hydrobenzoic, vanillic and caffeic acids were detected in the fraction of free phenolic acids of the methanol extract, irrespectively of the method used.
    Źródło:
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2013, 82, 4
    0001-6977
    2083-9480
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Europejski oręż dla F-35
    Autorzy:
    Kamizela, Dawid.
    Powiązania:
    Nowa Technika Wojskowa 2021, nr 6, s. 58-64
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Tematy:
    Przemysł zbrojeniowy
    Pociski rakietowe lotnicze
    Meteor (pocisk rakietowy)
    SPEAR 3 (pocisk rakietowy)
    JSM (pocisk rakietowy)
    Dane taktyczno-techniczne sprzętu wojskowego
    Artykuł z czasopisma wojskowego
    Artykuł z czasopisma fachowego
    Opis:
    Artykuł dotyczy uzbrojenia dla zakupionych przez Polskę samolotów F-35. Przedstawia analizę oferty uzbrojenia lotniczego produkowanego przez firmy europejskie. Omawia trzy pociski rakietowe – Meteor, SPEAR3 oraz JSM. Opisuje ich budowę oraz dane taktyczno-techniczne.
    Dostawca treści:
    Bibliografia CBW
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Constraints of the MAX4781 CMOS Solution for Electrode Switching in Multilayer Electrochemical Probes
    Autorzy:
    Cimpoiasu, V.M.
    Radulescu, F.
    Nealson, K.H.
    Moga, Ioana Corina
    Popa, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2106598.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    sensor
    SPEAR
    multielectrode
    redox interface
    sediments
    electrochemical gradients
    Opis:
    The most common means to analyze redox gradients in sediments is by push/pulling electrochemical probes through sediment’ strata while repeating measurements. Yet, as electrodes move up and down they disrupt the texture of the sediment layers thus biasing subsequent measurements. This makes it difficult to obtain reproducible measurements or to study the evolution of electrochemical gradients. One solution for solving this problem is to eliminate actuators and electrode movements altogether, while instead deploying probes with numerous electrodes positioned at various depths in the sediment. This mode of operation requires electrode switching. We discuss an electrode-switching solution for multi-electrode probes, based on Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) multiplexors. In this solution, electrodes can be individually activated in any order, sequence or time frame through digital software commands. We discuss constraints of CMOS-based multilayer electrochemical probes during cyclic voltammetry.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2022, 67, 2; 691--694
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13

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