Wszystkie pola: NOx emission - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Flow charateristics of a low NOx emission burner
Autorzy:: Kardaś, A.
Golec, S.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1965147.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2005
Wydawca:: Politechnika Gdańska
Tematy:: combustion
pulverized coal burner
NOx
SO2
environmental pollution
sulphur corrosion
Opis:: Recent technological changes in the Polish power industry have created opportunities for reducing NOx and CO emissions, but - at the same time - created another operation problem: sulphur corossion of boilers' rear water-wall. This has been the motivation for performing a detailed study of the air flow and pulverized coal transport in low-NOx burners. A measuring stand was built inside a real medium power OP-230 boiler equipped with a low-NOx burner to measure the velocity field at the burner's outlet and to prepare experimental characteristics of the burner. To extend the description, a numerical model of the burner was constructed and numerical calculations were executed by means of the Fluent program. Numerically calculated velocity profiles were compared with the results of measurements. Further investigations of the low NOx burner included the flow of the air-pulverized coal mixture. The measured concentration of the coal dust was compared with numerically predicted distribution of particles. Both the measurements and the calculations have shown a highly non-uniform concentration of particles at the burner outlet. The obtained results have been helpful in formulating recommendations to improve burner geometry.
Źródło:: TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk; 2005, 9, 1; 65-79
1428-6394
Pojawia się w:: TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Problems of modelling NOx emission from marine diesel engine
Autorzy:: Kniaziewicz, T.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244726.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2008
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: emission
exhaust gases
engine
ship
modelling
Opis:: The development of marine diesel engines has so far been directed towards increasing their power, reducing fuel consumption, burning fuels of the lowest possible quality and the extension of operation time. The rising pro-ecological pressure has made atmosphere pollution by exhaust gases of marine engines one of the main problems of environmental protection of recent years. The Gdansk Bay area, just like sea ports or coastal regions, is vulnerable to the effect of noxious compounds contained in vessel exhaust gases, besides those coming from industrial plants, power plants or vehicles. This concerns vessels both in ports and in the roads. In order to determine the share of vessels in environmental pollution and to counteract the harmful effects of toxic compounds in marine engine exhaust gases, it is necessary to know the emission values of these compounds from particular vessels, which is possible with the knowledge of their movement parameters, concentration values of particular compounds for these parameters and the atmospheric conditions. The report presents problems of modelling the NOx emission in exhaust gases from main marine Diesel engines, such as problems with construction special models describing the marine vessels movement or define real value of toxic compounds emission.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 4; 227-234
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: The NOx emission estimation by the artificial neural network: the results
Autorzy:: Kowalski, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244752.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2008
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: emission
NOx
nitric oxides
ANN
artificial neural network
perception
ship diesel engine
Opis:: The paper presents the preliminary investigations of nitric oxides (NOx) estimation from marine two-stroke engines. The Annex VI to Marpol Convention enforce to ship - owners necessity of periodical direct measurements of the NOx emission from the ship engines. It is very expensive procedure but with a low accuracy. Presented investigations show the possibility of estimation the NOx emission without direct measurements but using the artificial neural network (ANN). The paper presents chosen structures of ANN's usable to NOx emission estimation, the laboratory investigations and effects of estimation NOx emission. The paper reports the effects of investigations during different points of load the engine, with constant and changeable air/fuel equivalence ratio. The detailed results of measurement and calculation of NOx concentration in the exhaust gases of marine two-stroke diesel engine were presented. The results show that the multilayer perception neural network (MLP) is sufficient to NOx emission estimation during onboard exploitation. The MLP network with 15 neurons in the hidden layer has best accuracy for data sets collected during running the engine with speed equal 200 rpm and constant air/fuel equivalence ratio and for both considered speeds of the engine with changeable air/fuel equivalence ratio.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 4; 269-276
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: The NOx emission estimation by the artificial neural network: the analyze
Autorzy:: Kowalski, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244207.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2008
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: emission
NOx
nitric oxides
ANN
artificial neural network
perceptron
ship diesel engine
Opis:: The paper presents the preliminary investigations of nitric oxides (NOx) estimation from marine two-stroke engines. The Annex VI to Marpol Convention enforce to ship-owners necessity of periodical direct measurements of the NOx emission from the ship engines. It is very expensive procedure but with a low accuracy. Presented investigations show the possibility of estimation the NOx emission without direct measurements but using the artificial neural network (ANN). The paper presents method of choice the input data influenced on NOx emission and configuration of ANN and effects of calculations. The input data poses 15 parameters of engine working, influencing on NOx emission. The output data, necessary to learning the network, were NOx concentration in engine exhaust gases. We take into account two types of ANN; the 3-layer perceptron (MLP) with number of neurons in the hidden layer from 10 to 20 and the radial basis function neural network (RBF) with number of neurons in the hidden layer from 10 to 80. The input, validation and verification data was obtained from laboratory tests. After procedure of network configuration, the chosen ANN was learned by back propagation method. During this operation the weights of neurons were changed to minimize the root mean square error. We obtained ANN's, which allow us to estimate the NOx emission from laboratory engine with accuracy, comparable with Annex VI regulations.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 2; 225-232
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: The total NOx emission control possibility in modern large bore, slow speed marine engines
Autorzy:: Borkowski, T.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246219.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2008
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: marine diesel engine
injection assembly
exhaust emission
Opis:: The common demands for environmental protection in shipping are being recognized by IMO, through development of the rules with respect to SOx and NOx. This paper investigates the results of fuel injection variables, affecting cylinder process performance and exhaust gas emission. The effect of injection assembly design attributed on NO emission was estimated. The similar slow speed, large bore MAN B&W engines performance were compared. The main factors used for evaluation were: fuel consumption, rotational speed, mean and maximum in-cylinder pressures and total concentrations of NOx, CO2, O2i CO, and HC. The engines performance and NO emission were compared with conventional 6S60MC-C and latest — electronically controlled 7S60ME-C. The CFD simulation of combustion and pollutant formation was created to represent processes of a marine large bore engine. The SMC-C engine operation and standard injection nozzle design was taken as a baseline for comparison with measured NO concentration. The predicted cylinder pressures showed reasonable agreement with experimental measurements. The predictive ability of used CFD simulation package was found to be quantitatively insufficient in terms of NOx emission. However, the predicted NO emission exhibits similar sensitivity with experiment results. The quantitative set of reference data for the validation of simulation results needs to be substantially improved. The determination offuel injection and cylinder pressure history can be identified as the most important source of inaccuracy. Finally, weighted NOx specific emission factor for both engines shows close value, sufficiently placed against IMO limit presented in Fig. 11. The results are promising and show that controlled combustion process is capable of fulfilling present and future NOx emission requirements. Modern marine engines are designed with adjustable components to allow the engine to be adjusted for maximum efficiency or NOx weighted emission factor when used in particular application.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 2; 21-28
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: On CO and NOx emission in the kinetic combustion of propane/natural gas mixtures
Autorzy:: Jerzak, W.
Kalicka, Z.
Kawecka-Cebula, E.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/208058.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015
Wydawca:: Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:: combustion
gas mixtures
propane
carbon oxide
CO concentrations
nitrogen oxides
combustion gas
kinetic combustion
spalanie
mieszanina gazów
propan
tlenek węgla
stężenie CO
tlenki azotu
spaliny
kinetyka spalania
Opis:: Concentrations of CO and NOx during combustion of propane/natural gas mixtures in air and in air enriched with oxygen have been investigated. The mixtures were: low-propane (up to 10 vol. %) and high-propane (up to 45 vol. %) types. A large effect of the propane content on the CO concentration in combustion gases was observed; stronger for the low-propane mixtures. The increase in the NOx concentration with increasing propane content was lower and similar for the two types of mixtures.
Źródło:: Environment Protection Engineering; 2015, 41, 3; 87-100
0324-8828
Pojawia się w:: Environment Protection Engineering
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Modern diesel engines NOx particles emission
Autorzy:: Krakowian, K.
Kaźmierczak, A.
Wdowikowska, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245526.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2013
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: air pollution
combustion engines
EGR valve
exhaust emission & ecology
vehicles
Opis:: Exhaust gases recirculation systems (EGR), together with catalytic reactors, are commonly installed in modern piston combustion engines. Their purpose is to reduce the amount of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emitted in fumes. The need for this reduction takes its source from introducing more rigorous EURO standards, which are treating about maximum levels of NOx, HC and particulates produced, as a side effect of engine's operation. Applied exhausts recirculation circuits can be roughly characterized by a principle, that a part of exhaust gases is redirected (through a cooler) and reaches a special valve. This valve, respectively to engine's current load and speed, drives more or less exhaust to suction manifold. The position of the valve determines the system’s overall efficiency, but also differentiates the amount of toxic gases and smoke produced by each of the engines cylinders. Recent research have focused only on the overall efficiency of recirculation systems, representing it by measuring the total amount of NOx particles emission from exhaust pipe. However, the quantity of exhaust gases that is reaching each cylinder can be negatively dependant on EGR valve’s physical position in the circuit. This happens due to the fact that combusted loads have different proportions of charged air and fuel. For estimating the difference among each of the loads, and in the same time, indirectly, in equal emission of NOx from corresponding cylinders, a research was carried out on a model VW 2.0 TDI engine, equipped with standard, factory mounted, exhausts gases recirculation circuit. Measurements of toxic emissions were executed with regards to thirteen-point ESC (European Stationary Cycle) test.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 3; 245-250
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Technologia redukcji emisji NOx metodą dozowanego skierowanego balastowania płomienia
Technology of NOx emission reduction using method of flame dosed directional ballasting
Autorzy:: Szkarowski, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1826289.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2001
Wydawca:: Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:: redukcja emisji
tlenek azotu
jonizowanie płomienia
balastowanie płomienia
Opis:: Mimo całej złożoności mechanizmu wytwarzania się tlenku azotu w płomieniu palącego się paliwa parametry, które aktywnie oddziałują na ten proces, można ułożyć w kształtny i stosunkowo nie skomplikowany schemat [1,2]. Zgodnie z tym schematem (rys. 1) w całej grupie czynników wpływu wydziela się parametry trzech poziomów oddziaływania. Oryginalnym jest zastosowanie teorii procesów elektrochemicznych do zjawisk wytwarzania się i rozłożenia NO. Z reguły jonizowanie płomienia bierze się pod uwagę w odniesieniu do magnetohydrodynamicznych procesów. Ale przy rozpatrywaniu całego spektrum możliwych procesów jonizacji i rekombinacji w płomieniu należy uwzględnić m.in. i efekt chemicznej jonizacji. Jonizacja nie równoważna w płomieniach węglowodorowych powstaje na skutek przebiegu specyficznych reakcji chemicznych prowadzących do wytwarzania się jonów i wolnych elektronów. W płomieniu mieszaniny gazów pod ciśnieniem atmosferycznym i w temperaturze 2500 została ustalona nie elektronicznie-zderzeniowa, a właśnie chemiczna jonizacja według schematu Ponieważ balastowanie wodą strefy spalania niewątpliwie podwyższa przewodność elektryczną ośrodka, a same molekuły balastu jonizują i włączają się do procesów rekombinacji, to również świadczy o prawdopodobnym dodatkowym dławiącym działaniu wtrysku poprzez zmniejszenie stateczności zjonizowanej części wytwarzającego się NO.
The method of a water-ballast injection is one of the most perspective technological solutions decreasing atmosphere contamination. Alone lack of a method (at conventional integral ballasting of all plume) is decreasing fuel usage efficiency as a result of a temperature level decrease in a furnace of the boiler. It is demonstrated, that it is possible to avoid this lack by precise ballasting of the applicable flame zones. It has demanded more in-depth study of pattern of a flame. In pattern of burning fuel the zones of determining influencing are allocated. Any aerodynamic and chemical effect on these zones renders essential influencing on all combination of inside-flame processes. One of primary elements of the author's concept is the simultaneous problem solving: NO generation suppression and intensification of inside-flame processes. It was supposed to use peculiar influencing of ballast in a combustion zone, which in the theory of combustion is called promoting, i.e. assisting to combustion reactions acceleration and full burn-out of intermediate products. On an example of the "prompt" NO formation mechanism it is routined, as is it possible to execute such effect on area of determining influencing: with preservation of entirety of combustion and with holding (and even with some increase) of temperature level. The four-zonal model of hole flame structuring was transferred on a level of flame elements derivated by separate sprays of burning fuel. On this basis the concept of fissile effect on zones of determining influencing with the help of a dosed directional ballasting method (DDB) was designed. The purpose of a DDB method is the simultaneous suppression of NOx generation and increase of efficiency of a firing. The basis of technology is not using earlier in-depth structuring of a flame with allocation of zones of determined influencing (ZDI) to hole combination of inside-flame processes. An essence of technology is the such effect to ZDI, that provides maximum effect of suppression at minimally indispensable quantity of ballast. The key feature of a method is simultaneous with NOx suppression intensification of inside-flame processes enabling to ensure complete combustion of fuel at much smaller excess of oxidant. These three generalized principles are the conceptual core of technology: the ballasting (as against the conventional approach) is estimated only as the basis of general energy-ecological optimization of a fuel firing process. Thus the fissile factor of NOx generation suppression allows controlling parameters of a miscellaneous level and simultaneously forms the basis for increase of a fuel firing efficiency. On the basis of more in-depth research of a flame pattern the theory of nitrogen monoxide formation in a flame of burning fuel was supplemented by the mechanism of NO pulsation upbuilding.
Źródło:: Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2001, Tom 3; 53-73
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:: Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Development project of a hydrogen fuelled internal combustion engine for heavy duty truck - outline and preliminary test
Autorzy:: Sato, Y.
Yanai, T.
Goto, Y.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246354.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2007
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: combustion engine
hydrogen engine
direct injection
NOx emission
NOx reduction catalyst
Opis:: The hydrogen fuelled internal combustion engine represent a promising solution to the issues of global warming, fossil fuel break point and environmental protection. The development of a hydrogen fuelled internal combustion engine for heavy-duty truck has been being carried out at Hydrogen Energy Research Centre (HERC) of Musashi Institute of Technology and National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory (NTSEL) since FY 2005 in the Next-Generation, Low-Emission Vehicle Development - Practical Implementation Project (EFV21) of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT). As the most important key technology, the development of the common-rail type electronic high pressure hydrogen injectors is performed. Now the development of a hydrogen fuelled engine with 6 cylinders, the total displacement of 7.7 litters, direct injection and spark ignition is about to start. In this paper, the development concept, the characteristics of the injectors, some performance in the engine output power and the effects of nox reduction catalyst ever obtained experimentally by using a single cylinder engine are demonstrated.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 3; 543-549
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Ocena metod redukcji emisji NOx na przykładzie procesu wypalania klinkieru cementowego
Review of reduction methods of NOx emission as shown by cement clinker burning process
Autorzy:: Duda, J.
Kazimierczak, S.
Wasilewski, M.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/392276.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2017
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Ceramiki i Materiałów Budowlanych
Tematy:: produkcja cementu
wypał klinkieru
modyfikacja procesu
piec obrotowy
emisja NOx
wymagania BREF 2013
cement production
clinker burning
process modification
rotary kiln
NOx emission
emission reduction
BREF 2013 requirements
Opis:: Obecnie jednym z najważniejszych problemów w przemyśle cementowym jest spełnienie wymagań dokumentu BREF z 2013 r. w sprawie limitów emisji NOx w procesie wypalania klinkieru cementowego. Wysokotemperaturowemu, złożonemu procesowi wypalania towarzyszy wysoka emisja NOx. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań redukcji NOx z procesu wypalania klinkieru cementowego w piecu obrotowym. Spełnienie warunku emisji NOx poniżej 200 mg/Nm3 wymaga skojarzenia kilku metod redukcji. W związku z tym badania obejmowały zarówno metody pierwotne, jak i wtórne - chemiczne. W pierwszym etapie emisję można ograniczyć poprzez modyfikację procesu technologicznego, a następnie przez zastosowanie metod wtórnych, np. SNCR.
Nowadays, one of the important problems faced by cement industry is meeting requirements of BREF (BAT Reference Document) of 2013 regarding NOx emission limits in clinker burning process. High-temperature burning and complexity of generation of nitrogen oxides are two reasons why this process is accompanied by high emissions of NOx. This paper presents results of broad research on various methods of NOx reduction in rotary kiln, both primary or secondary chemical SNCR or oxidation of NO by hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution. In order to achieve target emission level NOx <200mg/Nm3 it will be necessary to combine few different reduction methods. First, emission shall be reduced by modifying technological process and only after that by the application of secondary methods, e.g. SNCR.
Źródło:: Prace Instytutu Ceramiki i Materiałów Budowlanych; 2017, R. 10, nr 28, 28; 7-16
1899-3230
Pojawia się w:: Prace Instytutu Ceramiki i Materiałów Budowlanych
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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