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Tytuł:
Kontrowersje związane z reklamowaniem leków Analiza porównawcza Polski i Stanów Zjednoczonych
Controversial Advertising of Medicines. A Comparison between Poland and the United States
Autorzy:
Makowska, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965175.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-09-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
pharmaceutical industry
advertisement
drugs
law
ethics
I18
M31
M38
Opis:
For many years, the subject of aggressive marketing campaigns conducted by pharmaceutical companies has been raised in Poland. Drug ads are everywhere, on television, the radio, magazines and on the Internet. Therefore, it is extremely important is to ensure both their legal and ethical dimension. In my article I will present the differences between direct-to-consumer advertising of medicines in Poland and in the US. The dissimilarities result mainly from differences in legislation. In Poland the law is much stricter than in the US. For example, in the United States companies are allowed to advertise prescription drugs directly to patients. In the whole of the European Union, and thus in Poland, it is strictly prohibited. The article will present other regulations existing in Poland and in the United States and it will compare them. It will show examples of violations of the law and ethics in the advertising of medicine in both countries. It will briefly outline the negative consequences of unacceptable pharmaceutical marketing.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2016, 19, 3
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Susceptibility testing of Aspergillus niger strains isolated from poultry to antifungal drugs - a comparative study of the disk diffusion, broth microdilution (M 38-A) and Etest methods
Autorzy:
Tokarzewski, S.
Ziolkowska, G.
Nowakiewicz, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32075.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
susceptibility
Aspergillus niger
isolation
poultry
antifungal drug
disk diffusion
broth microdilution method
disc-diffusion method
Etest procedure
aspergillosis
fungal infection
respiratory tract
Opis:
The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity of Aspergillus niger strains isolated from birds to available antifungal drugs using different in vitro assays - classical disk diffusion, Etest® and broth microdilution NCCLS/CLSI M 38-A. The study material consisted of about 2.000 swabs and samples from different species of birds. A. niger (n=10) was accounted for 6.81% of the total pool of strains isolated. Determinations were made for 13 antifungal drugs using the disk diffusion method. The A. niger exhibited high susceptibility to enilconazole, terbinafine, voriconazole, tioconazole and ketoconazole, low susceptibility to clotrimazole, miconazole and nystatin, and resistance to amphotericin B, itraconazole, pimaricin, fluconazole and 5-fluorocytosine. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for 9 antifungal drugs using the micromethod of duplicate serial dilutions in a liquid medium. A. niger strains were most susceptible to enilconazole and voriconazole. MIC ranged from 0.0625 to 0.5 μg/ml for enilconazole, with MIC90-0.5 μg/ml and MIC50-0.125 μg/ml. The corresponding values for voriconazole were 0.25-1 μg/ml, 1 μg/ml and 0.5 μg/ml. MIC for amphotericin B and terbinafine ranged from 0.5 to 4 μg/ml, while the values for the remaining drugs were highly varied. MIC was measured by the gradient diffusion method using Etest® for 5 antifungal drugs: amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole and voriconazole. By far the highest susceptibility was obtained in the case of voriconazole, with MIC ranging from 0.0625 to 1 μg/ml. MIC for amphotericin B ranged from 0.25 to 4 μg/ml, for itraconazole and ketoconazole ranging from 0.5 to 16 μg/ml. Methods available for this purpose are not always applicable in field conditions. The present results indicate that the Etest® technique, due to its high percentage of agreement with the M 38-A microdilution method, should find application in medical and veterinary practice.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences; 2012, 15, 1
1505-1773
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kb ppanc. wz. 35 : kb sp wz. 38 M, pm Mors wz. 39
Autorzy:
Mackiewicz, Michał.
Współwytwórcy:
Edipresse Polska. pbl
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Warszawa : Edipresse Polska
Tematy:
Karabiny automatyczne Polska 1918-1939 r.
Pistolety maszynowe Polska 1918-1939 r.
Rusznice przeciwpancerne Polska 1918-1939 r.
Mors (pistolet) budowa i konstrukcje Polska 1918-1939 r.
Wydawnictwa popularne
Opis:
Tyt. okł. i grzb.: Kb wz. 35, kb wz. 38 M, pm wz. 39.
Bibliogr. s. 55.
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Książka
Tytuł:
Polaron Problem in Quantum Wells
Autorzy:
Bardyszewski, W.
Prywata, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1934053.pdf
Data publikacji:
1995-11
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
72.80.Ey
71.38.+i
73.20.Dx
Opis:
The effect of polar interaction between an electron in a quantum well and bulk longitudinal optical phonons is analysed. Electron spectral density function is calculated in the lowest order cumulant approximation. The position and linewidth of the quasiparticle peak are obtained as a function of quantum well width and temperature.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1995, 88, 5; 969-973
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Shallow-Deep Instability of Donor States in Many-Valley Semiconductors
Autorzy:
Grinberg, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1890895.pdf
Data publikacji:
1991-09
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
71.55.-i
71.38.+i
Opis:
The shallow-deep instability of double and single donors in multi-valley semi conductors using the model Hamiltonian is studied. The obtained results describe properly the properties of double donors (in D$\text{}^{0}$ and D$\text{}^{+}$ state) in Ge and single deep donors in Al$\text{}_{x}$Ga$\text{}_{1-x}$As for 0.3 < x < 0.5.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1991, 80, 3; 361-364
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przetargi na częstotliwości WiMAX z zakresu 3,6-3,8 GHz
Auctions for WiMAX frequencies from the range 3,6-3,8 GHz
Autorzy:
Półtorak, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/154219.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
IEEE 802.16
Internet
ADSL
WiMAX Forum
WiBro
WiMAX forum
Opis:
Tematem referatu jest problematyka dostępu do Internetu na obszarach o słabo rozbudowanej infrastrukturze teleinformatycznej oraz zasady organizacji przetargów i przydziałów częstotliwości wykorzystywanych dla budowy bezprzewodowych sieci dostępu do Internetu WiMAX budo-wanych z wykorzystaniem częstotliwości z zakresu 3,6-3,8 GHz. Na bazie zakończonych przetargów na obszarach przetargowych 08.1 i 08.2 położo-nych na obszarze województwa lubuskiego przedstawiono etapy realizacji zobowiązań zadeklarowanych w ofertach przetargowych. Przetargi te organizowane były przez Prezesa Urzędu Komunikacji Elektronicznej.
The subject of this paper is the access to the Internet on areas where telecommunication infrastructure is poor as well as the rules of organizing auctions on assignment of frequencies from 3,6-3.8 GHz range which can be used for building wireless broadband networks based on WiMAX technology. In the latest years the term "broadband networks" describes a new generation technology of high speed data transmission [2]. Such high speed data transmission is possible by using both wire and wireless networks (Section 2.) The WiMAX wireless technology can be widely used in Poland (Subsection 2.1.). Data from the European Union show that at the beginning of the year 2008 (Fig. 1) Poland was one of the countries which had the lowest index of access to the broadband services [6]. Poland can improve this situation by using frequencies from 3,6-3,8 GHz range to build wireless broadband networks. The President of the Office of Electronic Communications (UKE) offered these frequencies on auctions organized on 60 areas in Poland (Fig.2.), 2 of which were situated in Lubuskie Woivodeship (Subsection 4.2.). As a consequence, the assignment of frequencies on the auction area 08.1 went to Gorzów Wlkp., while on the auction area 08.2 to Zielona Góra. According to the auction documents both cities are obliged to carry out the network building in a committed term (Subsection 4.4.). On one hand, building broadband networks with broadband access to the Internet by using the WiMAX technology gives the unique opportunity to improve a situation on the area where telecommunication infrastructure is poor and, on the other hand, it gives possibility to exploit financial help from the European Union up to 85% of expenses.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2009, R. 55, nr 7, 7; 544-547
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Scattering of Excitons by Phonons in Quantum Wells
Autorzy:
Bardyszewski, W.
Prywata, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1947245.pdf
Data publikacji:
1996-10
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
73.20.Dx
71.38.+i
72.80.Ey
Opis:
A method to describe the effects of the exciton-optical phonon interaction is presented using the cumulant expansion approximation. The functional-integral technique of coherent phonon states is used in order to justify the commonly used model Hamiltonian and generate the proper perturbation series. The influence of the mutual electron-hole screening on the polaronic effects in quantum wells is analyzed.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1996, 90, 4; 715-718
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Enhanced production, purification and characterization of alkaline keratinase from Streptomyces minutiscleroticus DNA38
Autorzy:
Allure, N.
D.N., M
Agsar, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11176.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Opis:
A thermo tolerant, feather-degrading, newly isolated actinobacterial strain Streptomyces minutiscleroticus DNA38 was investigated for its ability to produce keratinase. Maximum production (283.4 IU) of keratinase by Streptomyces minutiscleroticus DNA38 in starch chicken feathers medium under submerged bioprocess was observed at optimized conditions of pH 9.0 of the medium and 45 °C incubation temperature. Further, an enhanced production (435.8 IU) of keratinase was achieved employing response surface methodology. Combined interactive effect of starch (7.50 g/L), yeast extract (0.74 g/L) and chicken feathers (7.50 g/L) were found to be the critical process variables for enhanced production under central composite design. Chicken feathers showed a direct action and addition of starch and yeast extract to the medium proved effective for a significant increase in the production of keratinase. The purified keratinase was monomeric and had a molecular mass of 29 kDa. The enzyme activity was significantly inhibited after pH 9.0 and temperature 50 °C.
Źródło:
International Letters of Natural Sciences; 2015, 43
2300-9675
Pojawia się w:
International Letters of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena zgodności telekomunikacyjnych terminali głosowych według normy TBR 38
The voice telecommunication terminals conformity assessment according to the TBR 38
Autorzy:
Trzaskowska, M. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/317492.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
telefonometria
jakość usługi głosowej
Centralne Laboratorium Badawcze IŁ
telephonometry
voice quality of service
Central Research Laboratory of NIT
Opis:
Opisano procedury badawcze do przeprowadzania kompleksowych pomiarów parametrów głosowych terminali telekomunikacyjnych, zgodnie z dokumentem europejskim TBR 38, według dyrektywy UE 1999/5/EC. Procedury te zostały wdrożone w Centralnym Laboratorium Badawczym Instytutu Łączności w Warszawie.
Research procedures aimed at carrying out complex measuring of telecommunication voice terminal parameters accordance to the paper TBR 38 and EU directive 1999/5/EC. These procedures have been implemented in the Central Research Laboratory of National Institute of Telecommunications (NIT).
Źródło:
Telekomunikacja i Techniki Informacyjne; 2006, 1-2; 102-108
1640-1549
1899-8933
Pojawia się w:
Telekomunikacja i Techniki Informacyjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Induction of hemolysis and eryptosis by occupational pollutant nickel chloride is mediated through calcium influx and p38 MAP kinase signaling
Autorzy:
Alfhili, Mohammad A.
Alamri, Hassan S.
Alsughayyir, Jawaher
Basudan, Ahmed M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2085691.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-02-15
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
calcium
p38 MAPK
oxidative stress
hemolysis
nickel
eryptosis
Opis:
ObjectivesNickel (Ni) is an abundant environmental hazard and an occupational pollutant. Exposure to Ni compounds is prevalent in electroplating workers and in the printing industry, among others. The toxicity of Ni manifests as dermatological, gastrointestinal, respiratory, allergic, and cardiovascular symptoms. In particular, hyperbilirubinemia and reticulocytosis have been detected in intoxicated subjects; an observation possibly implicating selective red blood cell (RBC) toxicity. Herein, the interaction of nickel chloride (NiCl2) with human RBCs and associated molecular mechanisms are described.Material and MethodsCells from healthy donors were incubated for 24 h at 37°C in the presence or absence of 0.5‒10 mM of NiCl2, and cytotoxicity was determined through hemoglobin leakage by colorimetry under different experimental conditions. Eryptotic markers were also identified by flow cytofluorometry using Annexin-V-FITC tagging for phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, light scatter properties for cellular dimensions, Fluo4/AM labeling for intracellular calcium, and H2DCFDA staining for reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, small molecule inhibitors were used to probe the signaling pathways involved.ResultsIt was found that NiCl2 at 10 mM caused profound intracellular calcium overload and significant calcium-dependent hemolysis. Also, NiCl2 reduced forward scatter and increased side scatter, Annexin-positive cells, and ROS levels. Importantly, NiCl2-induced hemolysis was significantly attenuated by the exclusion of extracellular calcium, and in the presence of p38 MAP kinase (MAPK) inhibitor SB203580.ConclusionsIt is concluded that NiCl2 induces p38 MAPK-dependent hemolysis, and stimulates the canonical features of premature eryptosis. This report presents the first description of the molecular mechanisms underlying the hemolytic and eryptotic potential of NiCl2 and, thus, may explain changes in hematological parameters observed in poisoning victims.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2022, 35, 1; 1-11
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Magnetic Properties of a Melt-Textured Pellet of $(Nd_{0.33}Eu_{0.38}Gd_{190.28})Ba_2Cu_3O_y$ + 0.035 mol% Zn
Autorzy:
Jirsa, M.
Rameš, M.
Muralidhar, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1813616.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
74.25.Ha
74.60.Ge
Opis:
Recently, a striking positive effect of tiny Zn doping on crystal growth quality has been found in melt-textured $(Nd, Eu, Gd)Ba_2Cu_3O_y$ pellets. The material could be easily grown from MgO seed, possessing a rather high lattice mismatch to the superconducting compound. In the present work we study spatial distribution of local magnetic properties and chemical composition of a $(Nd_{0.33}Eu_{0.38}Gd_{0.28})Ba_2Cu_3O_y$ + 0.035 mol% Zn pellet. The plane cutting the pellet into two halves along the symmetry axes of the opposite a-axis growth sectors is investigated. While the chemical composition only slightly fluctuates, magnetic properties show quite an interesting spatial variation.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2008, 113, 1; 223-226
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Technologia budowy mostu M1 nad Wisłą w Krakowie
Autorzy:
Ostrzołek, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32443886.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Nowoczesne Budownictwo Inżynieryjne
Tematy:
most kolejowy
Kraków
M1
Opis:
W Krakowie w ramach modernizacji linii kolejowej E30 na odcinku Kraków Główny Towarowy – Rudzice został rozebrany sześcioprzęsłowy, dwutorowy most kolejowy. W jego miejscu powstał nowy obiekt M1. Autorem koncepcji architektoniczno-konstrukcyjnej nowego mostu jest Bogusław Pilujski, a projektantem Radosław Sęk. Prace budowlane zostały zrealizowane przez STRABAG Sp. z o.o. na zlecenie PKP PLK S.A.
Źródło:
Nowoczesne Budownictwo Inżynieryjne; 2023, 1; 34-38
1734-6681
Pojawia się w:
Nowoczesne Budownictwo Inżynieryjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biological Action in and out of the Water Window
Autorzy:
Vyšín, L.
Davídková, M.
Wachulak, P.
Fiedorowicz, H.
Bartnik, A.
Krůs, M.
Kozlová, M.
Skála, J.
Dostál, J.
Dudžák, R.
Juha, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1029783.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-02
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
87.14.G-
52.38.-r
Opis:
This study is dealing with the difference of radiation chemical yields of single and double strand breaks induced in plasmid DNA by photons inside and outside of the soft X-ray water window, i.e., in the wavelength range from 2.28 nm to 4.88 nm. Photons were generated by various plasma sources providing nanosecond and sub-nanosecond pulses of extreme ultraviolet, soft X-ray and X-ray radiation. DNA strand breaks were determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. Higher radiation chemical yields of both single and double strand breaks were found using picosecond and nanosecond sources of extreme ultraviolet and X-ray radiation.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2018, 133, 2; 236-238
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Binding Energy of a Bound Polaron in a Quantum Well Wire
Autorzy:
Bouhassoune, M.
Charrour, R.
Fliyou, M.
Bria, D.
Nougaoui, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2014080.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000-07
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
71.38.+i
73.20.Dx
73.20.Hb
73.20.Fz
Opis:
Theoretical study of the binding energies of an off-center donor hydrogenic impurity in a cylindrical quantum well wires semiconductor is presented. Calculations are performed in the framework of the effective mass approximation using the variational approach. We describe the effect of the quantum confinement by an infinitely deep potential well and we take into consideration the interaction between the charge carrier (electron and ion) and the optical phonons (confined longitudinal optical and surface optical). Our results show that the impurity binding energy depends strongly on the spatial confinement, the impurity position and the polaronic corrections.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2000, 98, 1-2; 111-122
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Physics of Neutral-to-Ionic Phase Transition in Organic Charge Transfer Semiconducting Compounds
Autorzy:
Cailleau, H.
Lemée-Cailleau, M. H.
Le Cointe, M.
Luty, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1967953.pdf
Data publikacji:
1997-10
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
71.38.+i
61.50.Ks
71.35.Aa
Opis:
An uncommon excitonic instability takes place in some exotic semiconducting compounds. Indeed, the equilibrium neutral-to-ionic (N-I) phase transition, as well as the non-equilibrium photo-induced phase transformation, observed in some organic charge-transfer complexes, originate from intra- and inter-chain cooperative effects between structurally relaxed charge-transfer excitations. This electronic-structural phase transition manifests itself by a change of the degree of charge-transfer and a dimerization distortion with the formation of donor-acceptor pairs along the stacking axis in the I phase. Thermal charge-transfer excitations associated with the formation of I strings along N chains are at the heart of the mechanism of this phase transition. These relaxed electronic excitations, which are an intrinsic feature of low-dimensional systems with strong electron-phonon coupling, can be described in terms of self-trapping and self-multiplication of charge-transfer excitons. Precise structural studies on the prototype compound, tetrathiafulvalene-p-chloranil allow to highlight the respective role taken by the ionicity and the dimerization. Symmetry and thermodynamics analysis of the N-I transition, based on recent determination of the pressure-temperature phase diagram, make possible to present a consistent picture of this phase transition. Supported by theoretical considerations taking into account the interplay between quantum and thermal effects, the experimental observations show that the N-I transition results from the condensation and the ordering (crystallization) of charge-transfer excitations, following a phase diagram analogous to the solid-liquid-gas one.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1997, 92, 4; 597-608
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polaron Effect on the Binding Energy of Shallow Donor in Cylindrical Quantum Dot
Autorzy:
Charrour, R.
Bouhassoune, M.
Bria, D.
Nougaoui, A.
Fliyou, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2011186.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999-12
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
71.38.+i
73.20.Dx
73.20.Hb
Opis:
In the framework of the effective-mass approximation and the modified Lee-Low-Pines variational method, we present a theoretical study of the effect of the confined longitudinal-optical phonon and two types of surface-optical phonon (top and side mode) on the binding energy of shallow donor in cylindrical quantum dot. The effect of quantum confinement is described by an infinitely deep potential well. The impact of these different phonon modes is important and depends on the dimension of the quantum dot.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1999, 96, 6; 759-768
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Subjective Evaluation of Directional Properties of Loudspeaker Systems with the Analog and Digital Crossover Networks
Autorzy:
Niewiarowicz, M.
Galiński, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1400067.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-06
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
43.38.+n
43.66.+y
Opis:
The aim of this study was to determine the way in which loudspeaker systems with the analog and digital crossover networks were subjectively evaluated. The object of the study were two loudspeaker systems, differing in both the position of speakers on the front panel of enclosure and configuration of the crossover networks: 2.5-way and 3-way systems with the slope of frequency response of 12 dB/octave in the cut-off regions. The investigations were conducted for 5 angles from the front hemisphere in the horizontal plane. Test signals were fragments of music and speech. The recordings of these signals were conducted in an anechoic chamber using an artificial head and then presented to the listeners through headphones. Five normally-hearing listeners aged 18-50 years took part in the experiment. Listening tests were carried out in two stages. In the first stage listeners were listening to test signals grouped in triads and their task was to identify pairs of signals the most and the least similar to each other. In the second stage a parametric evaluation was performed. It consisted in assigning five numbers, corresponding to the intensity of the attribute of perception space (evaluated on a scale of 0-10) to each of test signals. The attributes of perception space included: sharpness, clearness, fullness, lack of distortions and loudness. Using the method of multidimensional scaling and correlation analysis it was possible to relate a particular dimension of the multidimensional space to the attributes of the perception space. It was found that the intrinsic attributes responsible for the subjective evaluation of loudspeaker systems with the analog and digital crossover network were sharpness, clearness and loudness.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2013, 123, 6; 974-979
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-25 z 77

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