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    Tytuł:
    Wplyw grzybow ekto- i ektendomikoryzowych na poziom fenoli w korzeniach siewek sosny zwyczajnej rosnacych w glebie skazonej przez toksyczne metale
    Autorzy:
    Karolewski, P.
    Werner, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/823173.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2000
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    ektendomikoryza
    zawartosc fenoli
    mikoryza
    korzenie
    ektomikoryza
    sosna zwyczajna
    lesnictwo
    siewki
    Pinus sylvestris
    drzewa lesne
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2000, 144, 04; 69-75
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Udział węgla w związkach obronnych przed czynnikami biotycznymi u roślin drzewiastych
    Share of carbon in defense compounds against biotic factors in woody plants
    Autorzy:
    Karolewski, P.
    Jagodziński, A.M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/994518.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewa lesne
    obrona chemiczna
    substancje obronne
    zawartosc wegla
    carbon concentration
    defense compounds
    woody plants
    trees
    biotic factors
    review
    Opis:
    In addition to physical defenses, chemical defenses are the most effective way to protect plants from adverse biotic factors (phytophagous insects, other herbivores and pathogenic fungi). This requires extra effort from plants to produce secondary defense metabolites at the expense of production of primary metabolites directly linked to the growth and development of plants. There are three main groups of defensive compounds (alkaloids, phenolic compounds and terpenoids). All defensive compounds are rich in carbon. Depending on the chemical formula, carbon makes up from about 40% to over 85% of the molecular weight of various defense compounds. It is not possible to calculate the total carbon mass accumulation in all defense compounds. In this paper we discuss the content of defensive compounds and carbon with respect to defense strategy of plants, functional groups of woody species (coniferous and deciduous trees), tree species, tree biomass components (leaves, branches, bark, roots, etc.) and many other internal (age of trees, age of leaves, stage of development, origin, etc.) as well as external factors, related to soil and climatic conditions.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2013, 157, 11; 831-841
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ warunków świetlnych na namiotnika czeremszaczka - głównego szkodnika czeremchy zwyczajnej
    Light conditions effect on bird cherry ermine moth - the main pest of bird cherry
    Autorzy:
    Łukowski, A.
    Maderek, E.
    Karólewski, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/991155.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    ochrona lasu
    drzewa lesne
    czeremcha zwyczajna
    Prunus padus
    szkodniki roslin
    namiotnik czeremszaczek
    Yponomeuta evonymellus
    wystepowanie
    ograniczanie wystepowania
    warunki swietlne
    wysokie temperatury
    folivorous insect
    global warming
    high temperature
    leaf toughness
    Opis:
    This article studies the effect of light and high temperature on various parameters describing the growth and development of bird cherry ermine moth (Yponomeuta evonymellus L.) – the main pest of bird cherry (Prunus padus L.). We found that light significantly influences the moth masses and dynamics of their development. Moths developed from larvae feeding on leaves growing in full light conditions have a higher mass and shorter time of adult eclosion from pupa in comparison with larvae feeding on leaves growing in shade. However, extremely high summer temperature significantly disturbs pupation process in Y. evonymellus population. Our laboratory experiments indicate that a critical temperature is 36°C. Above this threshold the percentage of pupation drastically decreases (from ca. 70% to 35%). The conditions of intensive sun are better for some parameters of growth and development of bird cherry ermine moth. On the other hand, extreme summer temperatures, related with global warming, may restrict the occurrence of Y. evonymellus gradation.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2014, 158, 08; 595-603
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ wieku drzew oraz wieku i lokalizacji igieł w koronie na zawartość związków fenolowych w igłach młodych sosen
    Influence of tree age, needle age and location in the crown on the phenolic compounds content in needles of young Scots pines
    Autorzy:
    Karolewski, P.
    Jagodziński, A.
    Grzebyta, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973958.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    drzewostany sosnowe
    sosna zwyczajna
    Pinus sylvestris
    wiek drzew
    zawartosc zwiazkow fenolowych
    leśnictwo
    drzewa leśne
    igły sosny
    wiek igieł
    warunki świetlne
    stand age
    needle age
    light conditions
    phenols
    pinus sylvestris
    tolerance to biotic factors
    Opis:
    We studied Scots pine stands differing in age to determine the influence of tree age (6−20−year−old), needle age, and needle location in the crown and on the shoot on total soluble phenolic compounds (TPh) content in needles. These compounds are secondary metabolites, which largely determine the resistance of plants to unfavorable biotic factors such as herbivorous insects and pathogenic fungi. Examining the constitutive resistance of needles (without indications of damage), we found a statistically significant positive effect of needles age (1−3−year) and a negative effect of whorl age on TPh content, but only in older needles. We found that in spite of the large influence of the needle's age, the light conditions have a significant positive influence on the TPh content, as indicated by changes in the level of phenols with whorl age, comparing needles of different ages. The tree's age was important, but only when the cleaning was carried out changing the light conditions of needle growth. Moreover, we revealed that in the oldest needles (3−year), the position on the shoot also has a significant influence on TPh content in the needles. The level of phenols is lower in the needles growing on the bottom part of the shoot, which are shaded by needles growing on the upper side of the shoot.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2011, 155, 12; 797-807
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Response of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) needles to environment pollution with flourine compounds
    Reakcja igieł sosny zwyczajnej (Pinus sylvestris), świerka pospolitego (Picea abies) i daglezji zielonej (Pseudotsuga menziesii) na zanieczyszczenie środowiska przez związki fluoru
    Autorzy:
    Karolewski, P.
    Siepak, J.
    Gramowska, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41105.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2000
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Norway spruce
    Scotch pine
    fluorine compound
    needle
    environment pollution
    Pinus sylvestris
    tree
    Pseudotsuga menziesii
    Picea abies
    Douglas fir
    fir
    Opis:
    The objective of the study was to determine differences in the response of trees of three species: Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies and Pseudotsuga taxifolia to environment pollution with fluorine compounds. The amounts of free and complexed fluorine (FA) and total fluorine (FB) were determined in the needles of trees of the three species growing in a polluted area and in an area considered free from pollution. The results of this study showed that Douglas fir is a greater sensitivity to fluorine compounds than Norway spruce and Scots pine, despite its high resistance to fluorine absorption. Estimation of the degree of environment pollution on the basis visible injury and the content of fluorine compounds in needles is discussed. The results were supplemented with observations of lily of the valley (Convallaria maialis) – a plant particularly sensitive to injury by fluorine compounds.
    Celem badań było określenie zróżnicowania w reakcji drzew sosny zwyczajnej, świerka pospolitego i daglezji zielonej, na wpływ związków fluoru. Analizowano zawartości fluoru wolnego i związanego kompleksowo (FA) oraz całkowitego (FB) w igłach drzew rosnących w terenie skażonym oraz uznanym za wolny od wpływu zanieczyszczeń. Wyniki tych badań wskazują na większą wrażliwość daglezji niż świerka i sosny mimo, że charakteryzuje się ona znaczną odpornością na pochłanianie fluoru. W pracy dyskutowana jest możliwość wykorzystywania obserwacji widocznych objawów uszkodzeń i pomiarów zawartości fluorków, do oceny stopnia skażenia środowiska przez związki fluoru. W badaniach dodatkowo uwzględniono konwalię – jako roślinę wskaźnikową na ten typ zanieczyszczeń.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2000, 45
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Civil Society and its Discontents
    Autorzy:
    Karolewski, Ireneusz P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929394.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
    Tematy:
    civil society
    state theory
    governance
    democracy
    Eastern Europe
    Opis:
    The article departs from the discussion of the sources of the scholar interest in civil society and proceeds to the functional expectations about it. It claims that the concept of civil society, as it is frequently used in scientific and political debates, has specific cultural roots, which makes a trans-cultural analysis difficult or perhaps even impossible. Furthermore, the article addresses three conceptual problems of civil society, namely the issue of what constitutes civil society, its autonomy and impact as well as the challenge of civil society to the state. The central argument of the article is that in order to examine the impact of civil society on governance and democracy, it is recommendable to include three levels of analysis, namely the structure and functions of civil society (including also the possibly negative impact of civil society), the type of state co-existing with civil society as well as the character of the relationship between state and civil society.
    Źródło:
    Polish Sociological Review; 2006, 154, 2; 167-186
    1231-1413
    2657-4276
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Sociological Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Photochemical activity, photosynthetic pigments and carbohydrates in poplar leaves fumigated with sulphur dioxide
    Autorzy:
    Szadel, A
    Lorenc-Plucinska, G.
    Karolewski, P.
    Matysiak, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41307.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    pigment
    photosynthetic pigment
    Populus deltoides
    sugar
    sulphur dioxide
    carotenoid
    carbohydrate
    chlorophyll
    leaf
    poplar
    Opis:
    The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of SO2 on photosynthetic apparatus and the level of total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) in developing and mature leaves of poplar (Populus deltoides). Photosynthetic apparatus was evaluated on the basis of fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, OPSII, qP and Rfd) and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids). Cuttings of poplar were exposed to 0.25 ppm of SO2 at 25°C and 200-300 mmol m-2s-1 PAR for 6 hours daily during 5 days in a fumigation chamber. The fumigation did not produce any significant differences in fluorescence parameters in neither developing nor mature leaves. In some mature leaves the concentration of pigments increased under the influence of SO2. Soluble carbohydrates decreased significantly both in developing and mature leaves and this was accompanied with an increase in starch accumulation. We suggest that Populus deltoides is a species tolerant to sulphur dioxide and the used SO2 dosage did not significantly impair the light reactions of photosynthesis, but it disturbed the accumulation of starch and the utilization of soluble carbohydrates in plants exposed to SO2.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2003, 49
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Temperature effects performance of Lymantria dispar larvae feeding on leaves of Quercus robur
    Autorzy:
    Karolewski, P
    Grzebyta, J.
    Oleksyn, J.
    Giertych, M.J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41435.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    herbivore insect
    sex ratio
    Lymantria dispar
    larva
    gypsy moth
    feeding
    leaf
    oak
    English oak
    Quercus robur
    pedunculate oak
    temperature
    performance
    Opis:
    Future climatic warming may modifyinsect development, sex ratio, quantitative changes in populations that could affect the frequency of outbreaks. Here we analyzed the influence of temperature on larval growth and development in the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.). The larvae were reared at three constant temperatures: 15, 20 or 25°C, and fed with leaves of the English oak (Quercus robur L.). Larval mortality, duration of development (DD), relative growth rate (RGR), total mass of food eaten (TFE), and pupal mass (PM) were estimated. Larval mortality was lowest at 20°C, higher at 25°C, and highest at 15°C. DD significantly decreased with increasing temperature and depended on sex. The influence of temperature on the shortening of DD was stronger in males than in females. RGR significantly depended on temperature and was the highest at 25°C, and lowest at 15°C. At 15°C, RGR did not change markedly with time. In contrast, RGR at 20°C was characterized bya continuous decreasing trend. At 25°C, RGR was very high for 2 weeks but quickly declined afterwards. Temperature did not affect the TFE. PM was significantly correlated with temperature and sex. PM of females was higher at 20°C than at 15 and 25°C, in contrast to that of males, which was similar at 20 and 25°C, and higher than at 15°C. For larval growth and development, the most favourable was the medium temperature (20°C). The least favourable temperature for females was 25°C, for males 15°C. The results suggest that global warming may modifythe future sex ratio of gypsy moths that may affect insect development and outbreaks.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2007, 58; 43-49
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zawartość węgla w biomasie pospolitych gatunków krzewów podszycia leśnego
    Carbon concentration in the biomass of common species of understory shrubs
    Autorzy:
    Jagodziński, A.M.
    Jarosiewicz, G.
    Karolewski, P.
    Oleksyn, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1008422.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    pietro lesne
    podszyt
    krzewy lesne
    leszczyna pospolita
    Corylus avellana
    czeremcha zwyczajna
    Prunus padus
    czeremcha amerykanska
    Prunus serotina
    kruszyna pospolita
    Frangula alnus
    bez czarny
    Sambucus nigra
    deren swidwa
    Cornus sanguinea
    jarzab pospolity
    Sorbus aucuparia
    biomasa
    zawartosc wegla
    carbon concentration
    shrubs
    biomass components
    Opis:
    Experimental data on carbon concentration in woody plant species biomass are very scarce and value of 50% of dry biomass is widely accepted in carbon storage modeling. On the other hand, some studies have proved that the carbon concentration in woody species biomass is variable and depends on the component. Thus, the main goal of the study was to determine carbon concentration in biomass of 7 understory shrub species (basing on 282 individuals): Corylus avellana, Prunus padus, P. serotina, Frangula alnus, Sambucus nigra, Cornus sanguinea and Sorbus aucuparia as well as to analyze variability of carbon concentration among shrub species and biomass components. Carbon concentration was analyzed for leaves, fruits, branches, stemwood, stembark, coarse and fine roots. Our study revealed that the mean carbon concentration in biomass of all species studied was 47.7%. We found statistically significant differences in carbon concentration among the shrub species studied in all biomass components. The mean value for particular species was as follows: Prunus serotina – 47.5%, P. padus – 47.6%, Frangula alnus – 47.7%, Sambucus nigra – 47.7%, Corylus avellana – 47.8%, Cornus sanguinea – 47.8% and Sorbus aucuparia – 47.8%. Additionally, we found statistically significant differences in carbon concentration among biomass components within the species studied. The mean carbon concentration in fruit biomass was 46.2%, in fine roots – 47.0%, in leaves – 47.2%, in coarse roots – 47.7%, in branches – 47.9%, in stemwood – 48.5% and in stembark – 48.6%. The variability of carbon concentration in fruit, branches and leaves biomass was higher than in the remaining biomass components. The variability of carbon concentration in biomass of woody species should be considered in carbon storage modeling in forest ecosystems.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2012, 156, 09; 650-662
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Differences in chemical composition of needle and leaf litter from exotic and native tree species stands
    Autorzy:
    Skorupski, M.
    Jagodzinski, A.M.
    Zytkowiak, R.
    Karolewski, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41087.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    chemical composition
    differentiation
    needle
    leaf litter
    exotic plant
    native species
    tree
    plant species
    stand
    nitrogen
    phenolics
    carbohydrate
    carbon
    Opis:
    The potential differentiations in litter chemistry among native and non-native trees are poorly understood. We compared the chemical composition of leaf litterfall of 11 exotic tree species, e.g. coniferous: Abies cephalonica, A. grandis, A. procera, Chamaecyparis pisifera, Pinus peuce, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Thuja plicata, and deciduous: Acer rubrum, A. saccharum, Betula alleghaniensis and Quercus rubra, with that of a native European conifer, Pinus sylvestris (as reference to coniferous species) anda mixture of native European Quercus robur, Carpinus betulus, Tilia cordata, T. platyphyllos and Corylus avellana leaves (as a reference mixture of deciduous species). We found significant differences among the species studied in nitrogen and carbon content in needles/leaves, C/N ratio, as well as total soluble phenolic compounds (TPh) and total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) content, including soluble carbohydrates and starch. However, we found no clear differentiation of exotic from native tree species in the analyzed elements and metabolites. Among the exotic coniferous tree species, P. menziesii stood out among the species studied – fallen needles of this species were characterized by relatively high TPh and TNC content. The relationships between TPh and TNC content in leaf and needle litter among tree species were similar among two consecutive years. For deciduous tree species, the tendency of higher TPh content and C/N ratio in leaves falling earlier (September; leaves of sun-type) than later (November; leaves of shade-type) was more distinct than in coniferous tree species. Generally, we cannot see any special differences in the levels or mutual quantitative relationships of the chemical compounds studied in fallen needles/leaves of exotic tree species in comparison with native tree species.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2012, 68
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ żerowania owadów liściożernych sosny na skład chemiczny igliwia, ściółki i gleby
    Effect of the Scots pine defoliation by herbivorous insects on chemical composition of needles, litter and soil
    Autorzy:
    Sukovata, L.
    Kolk, A.
    Karolewski, P.
    Smolewska, M.
    Isidorov, V.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1009333.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewa lesne
    sosna
    Pinus
    szkodniki roslin
    foliofagi
    barczatka sosnowka
    Dendrolimus pini
    brudnica mniszka
    Lymantria monacha
    gasienice
    zerowanie
    defoliacja
    igly sosny
    sciolka lesna
    gleby lesne
    sklad chemiczny
    litterfall
    dendrolimus pini
    lymantria monacha
    terpenes
    carbohydrates
    phenols
    macroelements
    Opis:
    Effect of a weak defoliation by the larvae of the lappet moth and nun moth on chemical composition of needles, litter and soil in the 33−years old Scots pine stands was studied. The four variants were tested: I – larvae feeding, litterfall with frass and damaged needles, II – larvae feeding, but litterfall excluded (collected), III – no larvae, litterfall from the variant II spilled around trees, IV (untreated) – no larvae, litterfall without frass and damaged needles. No changes in chemical composition of litter and soil after two years of weak spring defoliation were found. However, there was a significant decrease of soluble carbohydrates and 5 sesquiterpenes as well as an increase of total monoterpenes in needles of trees in the variant II in comparison to other variants. All of those compounds are carbon−based, thus trees probably only relocated this element to a higher production of monoterpenes to make needles less attractive as a food source.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2010, 154, 09; 639-648
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Species composition of arthropods on six understory plant species growing in high and low light conditions
    Autorzy:
    Karolewski, P.
    Lukowski, A.
    Adamczyk, D.
    Zmuda, M.
    Giertych, M.J.
    Maderek, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2078197.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Cornus sanguinea
    Corylus avellane
    Frangula alnus
    Prunus padus
    Prunus serotine
    Sambucus nigra
    Opis:
    The quality of leaves as food for insects is affected both by plant species and the light conditions present during growth. Little information exists concerning the impact of these factors on the diversity of insects that live in the forest understory. We studied arthropod fauna on six understory plant species commonly occurring in Europe. Different groups of herbivorous insects were identified, as well as predatory insects and arachnids. We analysed the influence of both plant species and light conditions during growth (low light; high light) on the species spectrum, and the number of insect specimens present. The resulting data were investigated in relation to the susceptibility of plant leaves to feeding by folivorous insects, as determined in earlier studies. We compared the similarity in species diversity, based on the Sørensen’s coefficient, and discussed the potential causes of observed differences in leaf damages. We found a total of 153 arthropod taxa on studied plants, under both light conditions. Corylus avellana and Prunus serotina, species characterized by greater leaf damage, have a wider diversity of arthropod species, and a greater number of herbivorous insects. Generally, light conditions had a greater effect on arthropod abundance than on species diversity. For two plant species, C. avellana and P. serotina, light conditions strongly, but reversely, influenced the total number of insects and, thus, the extent of leaf damage. The number and abundance of zoophagous species, and ratio to folivores (except C. avellana) are associated more with plant species than with light conditions
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2020, 84; 58-80
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effects of elevated temperature and fluorine pollution on relations between the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) and oak powdery mildew (Microsphaera alphitoides)
    Autorzy:
    Grzebyta, J
    Karolewski, P.
    Zytkowiak, R.
    Giertych, M.J.
    Werner, A.
    Zadworny, M.
    Oleksyn, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41557.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    pedunculate oak
    Quercus robur
    environment pollution
    phenol
    tannin
    lignin
    carbohydrate
    starch
    nitrogen
    fluorine
    oak powdery mildew
    Microsphaera alphitoides
    soil pollution
    Opis:
    Effects of elevated temperature and soil pollution with fluorine on host-pathogen relations were studied in seedlings of the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) inoculated with oak powdery mildew (Microsphaera alphitoides Griff. et Maubl.) and control seedlings. The plants were grown for 1month in elevated temperature (on average by 1.6°C) and soil pollution with sodium fluoride (330 ppm F). The above factors did not have any significant effect on nitrogen content of leaves or on concentrations of metabolites favourable to growth and development of the fungal pathogen (total non-structural carbohydrates, including soluble carbohydrates and starch) and those unfavourable to fungi (soluble phenols, condensed tannins and lignins). The elevated temperature and fluorine pollution did not affect the leaf infection rate. However, a significant temperature × pollution interaction was observed in inoculated seedlings. At the elevated temperature, fluorine caused a less severe infection by powdery mildew. This could be due to a direct toxic effect of fluorine on the pathogen or by an indirect influence, resulting from changes in levels of other metabolites, which were not analysed in this study. The inoculation of oak seedlings with powdery mildew caused a decline in the carbohydrate content of leaves but did not have any significant effect on levels of other analysed metabolites. However, it significantly affected the distribution of phenols and lignins in oak leaves. Those compounds accumulated within necrotic lesions and in adjacent cells. Our results do not enable drawing definite conclusions on effects of a slight rise in temperature and a relatively low level of fluorine pollution of the soil on relations between the pedunculate oak and oak powdery mildew. Lower values of the leaf infection rate in seedlings growing in elevated temperature and fluorine pollution suggest that in warmer years a lower level of infection by M. alphitoides may be expected in areas affected by fluorine pollution.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2005, 53; 27-33
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Biodiversity of Balcan pine (Pinus peuce Griseb.) experimental stands in the Rogow Arboretum (Poland)
    Autorzy:
    Kalucka, I.
    Jagodzinski, A.M.
    Skorupski, M.
    Kasprowicz, M.
    Wojterska, M.
    Dobies, T.
    Slawska, M.
    Wierzbicka, A.
    Labedzki, A.
    Nowinski, M.
    Malek, S.
    Banaszczak, P.
    Karolewski, P.
    Oleksyn, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38731.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
    Tematy:
    biodiversity
    Balcan pine
    Macedonian pine zob.Balcan pine
    Pinus peuce
    experimental stand
    tree stand
    Rogow Arboretum
    Polska
    Opis:
    The Balkan pine (Pinus peuce) is a Balkan Peninsula endemic tree species, growing in high mountains of Bulgaria, Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo, Albania, and Greece and forming pure and mixed stands in subalpine forests. The paper gives a survey of biodiversity of Balkan pine stands in the Rogów Arboretum in reference to environmental data. In the plots examined, 29 taxa of vascular plants, 29 taxa of macrofungi and 127 taxa of invertebrates were recorded. The revealed diversity is discussed with regard to the data from Pinus peuce natural habitats.
    Źródło:
    Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2013, 55, 4
    0071-6677
    Pojawia się w:
    Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modelling of long belt conveyors
    Modelowanie długich przenośników taśmowych
    Autorzy:
    Karolewski, B.
    Ligocki, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1366116.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
    Tematy:
    przenośnik taśmowy
    modelowanie
    symulacja komputerowa
    dynamika
    napęd indukcyjny
    belt conveyor
    modelling
    computer simulation
    dynamics
    inductive drive
    Opis:
    Przedstawiono matematyczny model przenośnika taśmowego umożliwiający analizę dynamicznych stanów pracy urządzenia. Skrótowo opisano sposób modelowania zjawisk falowych w taśmie, zmian mas i oporów ruchu oraz elementów układu napędowego czyli silników, przekształtników, sprzęgieł, przekładni i współpracy bębna napędowego z taśmą. Rozwiązując komputerowo uzyskane zależności, symulowano rozruch przykładowego przenośnika. Porównano przebiegi rozruchowe uzyskane obliczeniowo z pomiarowymi. Zweryfikowany model można wykorzystać do badania różnych zjawisk i stanów pracy przenośnika.
    A mathematical model that allows the analysis of the dynamic states of a belt conveyor was presented. A way of modelling wave phenomena in the tape, changes of mass and resistances to motion and elements of the drive system (motors, frequency converters, couplings, gears and co-operation between the belt and drive pulley) was briefly described. A start up of an exemplary belt conveyor was simulated with the use of obtained formulas. The start-up time histories obtained computationally were compared with measurements. The verified belt conveyor model can be utilized to examine various phenomena and operating states of a belt conveyor.
    Źródło:
    Eksploatacja i Niezawodność; 2014, 16, 2; 179-187
    1507-2711
    Pojawia się w:
    Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Budowa modelu prądnicy tarczowej
    The disc generator model construction
    Autorzy:
    Karolewski, B.
    Ludwiczak, P.
    Walszczak, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1813576.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    maszyny elektryczne
    magnesy trwałe
    konstrukcja
    generatory synchroniczne
    prądnice tarczowe
    obliczenia
    magnetowody
    elektrownie wiatrowe
    Opis:
    Presents the results of the calculations and measurements of disc generator model without core in stator, which produces a power of 3 kW at the rotary speed of 200 RPM. The model uses a modified winding type of SEMA, which ensures a good fill in copper space between trapezoid magnets on two discs of the rotor. Generator has very little starting torque. It is adapted for cooperation with wind turbines, especially about vertical axis.
    Źródło:
    Prace Naukowe Instytutu Maszyn, Napędów i Pomiarów Elektrycznych Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Studia i Materiały; 2012, 66, 32; 312-318
    1733-0718
    Pojawia się w:
    Prace Naukowe Instytutu Maszyn, Napędów i Pomiarów Elektrycznych Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Studia i Materiały
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modelowanie fal naprężeń w taśmie przenośnika
    Modelling of stress waves in the belt of conveyor
    Autorzy:
    Karolewski, B.
    Ligocki, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/170429.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Poltegor-Instytut Instytut Górnictwa Odkrywkowego
    Tematy:
    przenośniki taśmowe
    taśma
    układ napędowy
    naprężenia
    model matematyczny
    rozruch
    belt conveyors
    belt
    drive system
    stress
    mathematical model
    starting
    Opis:
    Porównano wyniki wyznaczania prędkości fal naprężeń w taśmie ruszającego przenośnika uzyskane różnymi metodami. Analizowano wykorzystanie rozbudowanego matematycznego modelu przenośnika i trzy metody statyczne podane w literaturze. Porównano również wartości częstotliwości drgań sił w taśmie wyznaczone z modelu i metodą statyczną. Uzyskiwane wartości są zbliżone, poza metodą wykorzystującą prędkość rozchodzenia się dźwięku w linkach stalowych taśmy. Wykorzystanie wzorów statycznych często wymaga znajomości trudnych do określenia parametrów, które wyznacza się pomiarowo. Zastosowanie modelu umożliwia uzyskanie wyników bez pomiarów.
    Were compared the results of determining the speed of the stress wave starting conveyor belt received by various methods. Were analyzed using expanded mathematical model of conveyor and three static methods reported in the literature. We also compared the frequency of vibration forces in the belt obtained from the model and the static method. The resulting values are similar beyond method using the velocity of sound in the links of steel belt. The use of static models often require knowledge of difficult to determine the parameters that shall designate the measurement. Application of the model provides results without measurement.
    Źródło:
    Górnictwo Odkrywkowe; 2014, 55, 1; 84-89
    0043-2075
    Pojawia się w:
    Górnictwo Odkrywkowe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rozkład obciążeń między silniki napędzające przenośnik taśmowy
    Load distribution between the belt conveyor drive motors
    Autorzy:
    Karolewski, B.
    Ligocki, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/170943.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Poltegor-Instytut Instytut Górnictwa Odkrywkowego
    Tematy:
    przenośniki taśmowe
    układ napędowy
    silnik klatkowy
    przeciążenie
    model matematyczny
    rozruch
    belt conveyors
    drive system
    induction motor
    overload
    mathematical model
    starting
    Opis:
    Wykorzystując rozbudowany matematyczny model przenośnika taśmowego wyznaczano momenty elektromagnetyczne dwóch silników napędzających wspólny bęben napędowy przenośnika. Uwzględniono możliwość wystąpienia różnic pomiędzy parametrami silników oraz przesunięcia czasu załączenia jednego z nich. Badano również przypadek współpracy silników z przemiennikami częstotliwości pracującymi w otwartym układzie sterowania. Uwzględniono różnice przebiegów ramp rozruchowych obu przemienników. Symulacje pozwalają ocenić stopień przeciążenia silnika i dopuszczalność rozruchu w danych warunkach.
    Using extensive belt conveyor mathematical model, electromagnetic moments of the two engines driving a common drive drum of the conveyor were determined. Taken into account the possibility of differences between the parameters of the motors and the time shift switch one of them. Were also investigated case of cooperation between motors with frequency converters operating in open loop. Allowances for differences starter ramp waveforms both drives. The simulations allow us to assess the degree of overload and start acceptability under given conditions.
    Źródło:
    Górnictwo Odkrywkowe; 2014, 55, 4-5; 167-171
    0043-2075
    Pojawia się w:
    Górnictwo Odkrywkowe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-18 z 18

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