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Tytuł:
Costs of Cyber-Security in a Business Entity
Autorzy:
Antczak, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194144.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
costs
costs of cyber-security
cyber threats
direct costs of cyber-security
indirect costs
of cyber-security
Opis:
Operation in the cyberspace of every business unit is unavoidable. Most commercial transactions, marketing activities, e-mail contact with employees or contractors are carried out using virtual space. The purpose of the article is to identify and analyze selected costs for cybersecurity of an enterprise. Costs related to cybersecurity constitute a new category in the management of an enterprise. Considering the costs at the enterprise level, two areas should be discussed: on the one hand, those incurred to prevent cyber threats and on the other one, the costs of offsetting the negative effects of cyber-attacks. For the sake of stable operation and at the same time development in the future, the management should strengthen activities in the field of information security, which is related to costs that will minimize the risk of cyber-attacks.
Źródło:
Edukacja Ekonomistów i Menedżerów; 2020, 55, 1; 82-94
1734-087X
Pojawia się w:
Edukacja Ekonomistów i Menedżerów
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Work Costs in the European Union Countries
Autorzy:
Król, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1179302.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
labor costs
remunteration
work costs
Opis:
The article explains the difference between pay and labor costs. There are also contributions paid by both the employer and the employee.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 78; 14-19
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Costs of road transport depending on the type of vehicles
Autorzy:
Jacyna, M.
Wasiak, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133909.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
transport costs
road transport costs
transport costs components
transport costs classification
koszty transportu
elementy kosztów transportu
klasyfikacja kosztów transportu
Opis:
The article presents analysis of the road transport costs with regard to the types of vehicles. Discussed problem is important from the point of view of both the carrier and the company engaged in the organization of transport. The classification of costs in road transport significantly dependent on the types of used vehicle is presented. The factors affecting individual cost components with regard to the vehicles’ value, the permissible total weight, type of engine and fuel are defined. Selected components of the costs are enhanced by original analytic formulas with given examples of their values under fixed parameters of realized transport service. The participation of selected components of costs in total costs of transport and their impact on the costs of transportation are investigated. Considerations are illustrated by numerical example which examined road transport carried out in relation Mszczonów (PL) – Hamburg (DE) by one driver. Examined variants are based on vehicles meeting Euro standard III, IV, V and VI. As it was shown, the most cost-effective variant in discussed transport relation uses vehicles with highest emission standards.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2015, 54, 3; 85-90
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Logistic costs in company
Autorzy:
Zwierzyński, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/409373.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Poznańska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Poznańskiej
Tematy:
logistic
logistic costs
company
Opis:
Logistic money present an important role in complete money of activity of enterprise. They come forward in every organizational cage of enterprises. The wide cut of presence of money also their correlation bothers their correct determination. In the article the review of literature is presented from an area money of logistic in an enterprise.
Źródło:
Research in Logistics & Production; 2018, 8, 3; 229-236
2083-4942
2083-4950
Pojawia się w:
Research in Logistics & Production
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Organization of Evidence Systems of Logistics Costs
Autorzy:
Zimon, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/409146.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Poznańska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Poznańskiej
Tematy:
costs
system
logistics
Opis:
The article presents the essence and role of costs. There characteristic of logistics costs was done. There were presented costs accounting systems in companies allowed by the Accounting Act. There were also presented simplified cost accounting methods both according to the account type and the places where the costs are incurred. There were discussed the full records of costs with the use of by type accounts and functional accounts The division and classification of logistics costs due to the nature of the business were shown. With the help of analytical accounts, the accounts for logistics costs were set up. Then the logistics cost accounting systems for commercial, service and manufacturing companies were featured with the use of analytical accounts of logistics. There were also presented the benefits for the company when it applies the analytical accounts of logistics costs.
Źródło:
Research in Logistics & Production; 2015, 5, 5; 459-470
2083-4942
2083-4950
Pojawia się w:
Research in Logistics & Production
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Models of quality costs calculation and their classification
Autorzy:
Sadkowski, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/392995.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
classification
quality costs
model
quality costs calculation
klasyfikacja
koszty jakości
kalkulacja kosztów jakości
Opis:
Quality costs calculation is a tool companies use to measure quality costs. The origins of interest in the field noted in foreign literature and practice date to the end of the 1960s, while in Poland the subject has been known since the 1970s. The purpose of the paper is to present and classify selected models of quality costs calculation. The consequences of the undertaken research work will be the organization of knowledge about models of this calculation, and the specification of the key elements used to build them. Quality costs calculation is the subject of the research. In order to achieve the pursued research objective the critical analysis method was applied to the literature on the subject in the areas of quality management and management accounting, as well as to selected journals. The present paper forms a body of theory with which to develop the author’s own model of quality costs calculation.
Źródło:
Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy; 2019, 2; 117-129
1899-6116
Pojawia się w:
Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Research the behavior of the assistance toward fixed costs and profit making
Autorzy:
Stancik, P
Basl, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117729.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Promocji Wiedzy
Tematy:
clusters
fixed costs
profit
costs
profitability of systems
Opis:
Contemporary science and business regard controlling as the inseparable part of the modern management concept. The current scientific and practical knowledge of industrial engineering was used as a basis for identification the main tasks of controlling management in an enterprise. The analysis of controlling tasks frequency shows, that the cost calculation and the performance calculation belong among the most frequent tasks, and that there is some kind of evaluation for all (production or nonproduction) areas in enterprises. Lean production is characterized by elimination of redundant, useless or partly necessary processes. Lean production is considered as the basis for the network enterprises and clusters. Individual enterprises are selected to clusters on the basis of rules of outsourcing.
Źródło:
Applied Computer Science; 2005, 1, 1; 25-42
1895-3735
Pojawia się w:
Applied Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The measurement of costs and results in supply chain management: the case of Poland
Autorzy:
Dobroszek, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/947787.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
supply chain management
management accounting
measurement
costs
logistics costs
Opis:
Supply chain management (SCM) is a modern phenomenon in business practice and an important area of scientific discussions. In the literature it is not easy to find only one explanation of this subject because some scientists treat SCM as a separate concept, others as an expansion of the logistics function. The supply chain is a kind of modern business model that needs accurate management. To support the management process an the effective way, management accounting tools and methods may be applied. The aim of the article is to present the methods and tools of management accounting used for the measurement of costs and results in SCM. For this purpose, a survey was conducted among 40 selected enterprises in Poland. The findings indicate that on the one hand the studied organizations already use advanced management accounting tools and the methods providing information for SCM needs, on the other hand, they rarely apply them. This approach does not contribute to effective and holistic measurement of supply chain and its management.
Źródło:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2018, 23, 3; 34-45
2080-5993
2449-9811
Pojawia się w:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Environmental Costs Generated by Road Freight Transport in Poland
Autorzy:
Domagała, Joanna
Zych-Lewandowska, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2069906.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
road freight transport
external costs
costs of climate change
air pollution
Opis:
The sector of transport, on the one hand, contributes to the socio-economic development; on the other hand, it is the source of multiple external effects with a significant and adverse impact on the society and economy. In spite of many years' experiences in the study of external costs of transport, there are still large discrepancies in research approaches and methods. This article reviewed available studies in the scope of the estimation of external costs in transport and presented own estimations of the level of costs of climate change and air pollution generated by road freight transport in Poland. The estimation of external costs was conducted based on a method developed by Martinio et al. The obtained results of the study confirm the significant adverse effect of road freight transport on the environment. The results may be useful in the selection of appropriate transport policy instruments.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2021, 23; 138--150
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Internalization of External Costs in the EU Transport Sector as an Instrument of Rationalization of the Logistics Supply Chains
Autorzy:
Grzelakowski, Andrzej S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/504630.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Międzynarodowa Wyższa Szkoła Logistyki i Transportu
Tematy:
external costs
internalization
social marginal costs
supply chain
logistics operator
transport and inventory costs
Opis:
Aiming at meeting the general EU transport policy objective, the EC has started promoting very actively the sustainable development of the member states transport systems. Putting into effect common framework and methodology for estimating the external costs of transport activities and specifying how external costs can be internalized in all modes of transport, the EC intends to minimize their negative impact on all spheres of human activity. This strategy needs to apply social marginal cost pricing (SMCP) for the use of transport infrastructure. It could, however, induce significant changes on the EU transport markets and subsequently affect the supply networks and logistics supply chains leading to their rationalization in terms of optimizing transport and inventory costs.
Źródło:
Logistics and Transport; 2011, 13, 2; 57-68
1734-2015
Pojawia się w:
Logistics and Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Psychologiczne koszty ponoszone przez nabywców
Psychological costs of buyer behavior
Autorzy:
Marciniak, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/592142.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Koszty ponoszone przez nabywców
Koszty psychologiczne
Postępowanie nabywców
Consumer behavior
Consumer costs
Psychological costs
Opis:
Artykuł poświęcony jest problematyce kosztów ponoszonych przez nabywców, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kosztów psychologicznych. Celem opracowania jest ukazanie teoretycznego sensu kategorii kosztów psychologicznych, jak również przedstawienie źródeł i sposobów ich powstawania. Rozpoznawanie tej kategorii pojęciowej może posłużyć organizacjom w lepszym zrozumieniu i wyjaśnieniu mechanizmów kształtujących zachowania nabywców, a także w opracowaniu programów działań służących łagodzeniu negatywnych konsekwencji ponoszonego przez konsumentów w sytuacji nabywczej dyskomfortu psychicznego.
Costs that consumer bear before, during and after purchase, are one of the key factors that influence consumer behavior and the buying process. The main objective of the work is to analyze the nature of psychological costs of buyer behavior. The work provides a theoretical basis for analyzing the psychological costs. The source of occurring that costs category will be also discussed. Knowledge of that theoretical construct can help the organization to better understand the mechanism of consumer behavior. It can also help to create a sustainable relationships with consumers, as well as can be potentially important source of competitive advantage.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2018, 350; 19-30
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Structural analysis of variation of electricity transmission marginal costs
Autorzy:
Namysłowska-Wilczyńska, Barbara
Wilczyński, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/425231.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
marginal transmission costs
variation of costs
electric energy
isotropic vario-gram
directional variogram
Opis:
The paper presents a surface model of the accounting costs of electricity transmission over the 220 kV and 400 kV networks. A structural analysis of marginal costs variation was carried out. Variogram functions (isotropic, directional variogram, variograms roses) were used to build the model. The model describes well the considered phenomenon, i.e. the area and time variation of marginal costs, and has great potential in the electrical power sector, especially in the context of the development of market mechanisms in electric energy trading. The model has made it possible to observe the existing tendencies in cost (directional and time) variation, which is useful for setting electricity transmission tariffs correctly stimulating the behaviour of the electric power network users – the electricity suppliers and consumers.
Źródło:
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics; 2013, 1(39); 71-84
1507-3866
Pojawia się w:
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hotel consortia as a condition for limiting the transaction costs
Konsorcja hotelarskie jako przesłanka ograniczania kosztów transakcyjnych
Autorzy:
Sala, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2052011.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej
Tematy:
hotels
hotel consortia
transaction costs
transaction costs theory
Opis:
Subject and purpose of work: The subject matter and purpose of the publication is presentation of the significance of hotel consortia as a factor which optimizes transaction costs. Within the article a brief essence and origins of the concept of transaction cost, as well as evaluation of views on it have been presented. An attempt was made to divide transaction costs. Within the publication determinants of transaction costs have been presented and the conditions concerning transactions have been described. Within the article forms of conduct of hotel business have been outlined. Publication contains characteristics of hotel consortia, their rankings and places on the hotel market. The article reveals the role of forms of cooperation as a tool in modifying transaction costs. An advantage of consortia in managing transaction costs in relation to other forms of conduct of business activity in the hotel business. Materials and methods: Research methods consisted of factual analysis of transaction costs based on available data applied as well as of an attempt to forecast their development in the future. Materials on the basis of which the publication was created is the available subject literature as well as netographic information. Results: Results of research indicate clearly that hotel consortia contribute to limiting of costs of functioning of hotel objects. Conclusions: Show that hotel consortia constitute a chance for independent entrepreneurs competing against large hotel chains.
Przedmiot i cel pracy: Przedmiotem i celem publikacji było przedstawienie znaczenia konsorcjów hotelarskich jako czynnika optymalizującego koszty transakcyjne. W artykule przedstawiono pokrótce istotę i genezę pojęcia kosztu transakcyjnego, ewolucję poglądów na jego temat. Dokonano podziału kosztów transakcyjnych. W publikacji przedstawiono determinanty kosztów transakcyjnych oraz opisano przesłanki dotyczące organizowania transakcji. Przedstawiono też formy prowadzenia biznesu hotelarskiego. Zawiera charakterystykę konsorcjów hotelarskich, ich rangi i miejsca na rynku. Artykuł pokazuje rolę form kooperacji jako narzędzia w modyfikowaniu kosztów transakcyjnych. Pokazano przewagę konsorcjów w zarządzaniu kosztami transakcyjnymi w stosunku do innych form prowadzenia działalności w branży hotelarskiej. Materiały i metody: Metody badawcze polegały na analizie faktycznych kosztów transakcyjnych na podstawie danych, jak również próbie ich prognozy rozwoju w przyszłości. Materiały w oparciu o których powstała publikacja to dostępna literatura usunąć, jak również wiadomości netograficzne. Wyniki: Wyniki badań wskazują jasno, że konsorcja hotelarskie przyczyniają się do ograniczania kosztów funkcjonowania obiektów hotelowych. Wnioski: Badania pokazują, że konsorcja hotelowe stanowią szansę dla niezależnych przedsiębiorców w konkurencji z dużymi łańcuchami hotelarskimi.
Źródło:
Economic and Regional Studies; 2016, 09, 1; 33-44
2083-3725
2451-182X
Pojawia się w:
Economic and Regional Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Payroll Costs and Financial Analysis of Employee Benefit Costs in a Housing Cooperative
Koszty płacowe oraz analiza finansowa kosztów świadczeń pracowniczych w spółdzielni mieszkaniowej
Autorzy:
Łączek-Tarazewicz, Ewa
Boike, Danuta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1825958.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska
Tematy:
salaries
salary costs
employee benefits
payroll costs
wynagrodzenie
koszty wynagrodzeń
świadczenia pracownicze
koszty płacowe
Opis:
This article discusses issues related to employee salary and benefit costs as a business expense. In the paper, the authors presented a theoretical approach related to salaries, contract types and the results of their own research on salaries as a business expense based on the example of a Housing Cooperative. The study aimed to analyse the cost of salaries and benefits from a business expense perspective.
Artykuł zawiera omówienie zagadnień związanych z wynagrodzeniem i świadczeniami na rzecz pracowników, jako kosztu przedsiębiorstwa. W opracowaniu autorki zaprezentowały ujęcie teoretyczne związane z wynagrodzeniem, z rodzajami umów, jak również wyniki badań własnych dotyczących wynagrodzeń pod kątem kosztu przedsiębiorstwa na przykładzie Spółdzielni Mieszkaniowej. Głównym celem opracowania jest analiza kosztów wynagrodzeń i świadczeń z punktu widzenia kosztów przedsiębiorstwa.
Źródło:
Przedsiębiorstwo we współczesnej gospodarce - teoria i praktyka; 2020, 1, 30; 27-45
2084-6495
Pojawia się w:
Przedsiębiorstwo we współczesnej gospodarce - teoria i praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Parametric method of prediction of the ship operating costs
Autorzy:
Michalski, J. P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/962819.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
ship design theory
ship operating costs
Opis:
Paper presents results of studies on a parametric method of predicting ship operating costs - useful in the preliminary ship design. Conception and theoretical basis of the method are presented, identified are also factors of significant importance for the ship operating costs, taking into account changes in the value of money. Approximation formulae for estimating the operating cost components have been developed as well as a computational algorithm based on a minimum Required Freight Rate (RFR). The useful character of the method is illustrated by examples of operating cost predictions for four different ship types designed in the Eureka project E!2772, i.e.: SINE 202 universal container carrier, SINE 203 oil product tanker, SINE 204 ro-ro ship and SINE 205 river-sea ship.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2004, S 1; 20-23
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Geostatistical model (2D) of the surface distribution of electricity transmission marginal costs
Autorzy:
Namysłowska-Wilczyńska, Barbara
Wilczyński, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/425181.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
marginal transmission costs
variation
electric energy
estimation
surface distri-bution costs
ordinary kriging
Opis:
The paper presents a surface model of the accounting costs of electricity transmission over the 220 kV and 400 kV networks. In the further stages of the studies, taking into account the results of structural analysis of marginal costs variation, an estimation technique, such as the ordinary (block) kriging, was used to build the model (2D). The model describes the area and time variation of marginal costs, and has great potential in the electrical power sector, especially in the context of the development of market mechanisms in electric energy trading. The model has made it possible to observe the existing tendencies in cost (directional and time) variation, which is useful for setting electricity transmission tariffs stimulating properly the behaviour of the electric power network users – the electricity suppliers and consumers. Thus, this way of stimulating takes into account the electric power network’s specificity and operating conditions, including the network losses (caused by electricity transmission), the transmission constraints and the broadly understood operational safety of the electric power system. The model of the area variation of electricity transmission marginal costs is also useful in electric power system development planning procedures.
Źródło:
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics; 2013, 1(39); 85-99
1507-3866
Pojawia się w:
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Differentiated road construction costs
Autorzy:
Więckowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/952125.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
road costs
motorway
express road
tunnel
koszty drogowe
autostrada
droga ekspresowa
tunel
Opis:
In the context of the variability of road construction costs in Europe, the prices of 24 contracts for sections of motorways in Poland, concluded in 2016 by the General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways, were analysed. According to the proposed method of calculation, taking into account the fact that road prices in tunnels were several times higher than in other sections, the unit cost of the road in a tunnel (between Naprawa and Skomielna Biała) was assessed, compared to the road in a tunnel in Slovenia. Based on the study of the values of standard deviations and coefficients of variation, it can be stated that there is a small price differentiation in S-class roads on flat and corrugated areas, and very large price differentials on the roads that bypass cities and in mountainous terrain.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska; 2017, 96; 205-213
0209-3324
2450-1549
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wektorowa analiza wrażliwości zysku produkcji wieloasortymentowej
Autorzy:
Buk, Halina
Chrobak, Gracjan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/592591.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Analiza koszty-produkcja-zysk
Analiza wrażliwości
Koszty stałe
Koszty zmienne
Costs-production-pprofit analysis
Fixed costs
Profit
Sensitivity analysis
Variable costs
Opis:
The article concentrates on presenting methods used in profit sensitivity analysis of entities producing more than one product. Sensitivity study should include impact of such factors on goods profitability level like variable costs, fixed costs, sales prices and volumes. Vector analysis can be considered as an useful instrument in this matter. Regarding rules of analytic geometry, figures of costs and revenues curves assure appropriate understanding of rentability range by decision-makers, assuming various run of these functions.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2014, 164; 25-36
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problem internalizacji kosztów zewnętrznych transportu drogowego
Issues of internalisation of external costs in road transport
Autorzy:
Kotowska, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/319783.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
transport drogowy
internalizacja kosztów zewnętrznych transportu
koszty społeczne
road transport
external costs internalisation
social costs
Opis:
Transport odgrywa ważną rolę w życiu społeczno-gospodarczym, przy czym generuje znaczne koszty zewnętrzne, które nie są pokrywane przez bezpośrednich uczestników transportu, ale przez całe społeczeństwo. Według Komisji Europejskiej jedynym sposobem na zrównoważony rozwój transportu jest pełna internalizacja kosztów zewnętrznych transportu. Za najbardziej szkodliwą społecznie gąłąź transportu uważany jest transport drogowy, który jednocześnie ponosi największe, w porównaniu z innymi gałęziami transportu, obciążenia podatkowe. W artykule przedstawiono problematykę wyceny kosztów zewnętrznych transportu drogowego i podjęto próbę oceny poziomu zinternalizowania kosztów zewnętrznych transportu drogowego w Polsce.
Transportation plays an important role in the socio-economic life, but also creates external costs that are not covered by the transport participants, but by the whole society. According to the European Commission, the only way to sustainable development of transport is full internalisation of external costs. The road tranport is considered as the most socially harmfull mode of transport. However, it bears the greatest, comparing to other modes of transport, taxes. This paper presents the problem of the valuation of external costs of road transport and it attempts to assess the level of internalization of the external costs in road transport in Poland.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Problemy Transportu i Logistyki / Uniwersytet Szczeciński; 2014, 25; 99-113
1640-6818
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Problemy Transportu i Logistyki / Uniwersytet Szczeciński
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The environmental and social costs of the intermodal transport of semi-trailers by rail
Autorzy:
Merkisz-Guranowska, A.
Czerwinski, J.
Andrzejewski, M.
Daszkiewicz, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245971.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
railway
intermodal transport
semi-trailer
environmental costs
social costs
Opis:
The dynamic development of transport recorded in recent decades is an important factor in the economic development of the world on the one hand, and on the other hand, it is a significant source of nuisance and environmental problems. The adverse impact of transport can be felt both in the natural environment and in society, where the dynamic development of this sector has enabled significant civilization development, with the effects varying depending on the level of economic development, the degree of advancement and use of the various transport sectors, geographical location (including climate), and also the sensitivity of the elements of the environment. Considering contemporary transport hazards, it is important to prevent them from occurring, and when that is not possible – limiting their impact on the environment and reducing the scale and extent of negative impacts. In the article, the environmental and social nuisance of transport of goods loaded in semitrailers was analysed. The transport of semitrailers using intermodal wagons pulled by the diesel locomotive in accordance with the assumptions adopted in the railway with the maximum length of train composition was taken into account.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 3; 199-201
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Asset Management. the Point of View of The Users Costs
Autorzy:
Almeida, José C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27314835.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
sustainability
bridges
life cycle costs
maintenance costs
environment pollution
zrównoważony rozwój
mosty
koszty cyklu życia
koszty użytkownika
zanieczyszczenia środowiska
Opis:
Bridges by their nature are structures that absorb a large amount of resources. For the promoter, usually public entities, the biggest share of the investment is made when the new structures are raised. However, as will be shown in the study presented in this paper, user costs are often much higher than direct costs and may even be higher by an order of magnitude. In addition to the costs resulting from maintenance/rehabilitation interventions, there are also environmental damages due to the pollution caused by the vehicles. The presented methodology will be applied to a case study where the global costs are highlighted and determined considering the scenario in which there are no disturbances in the circulation of vehicles and when they occur due to maintenance and rehabilitation works.
Źródło:
Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports; 2022, 32, 4; 282--292
2080-5187
2450-8594
Pojawia się w:
Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Costs of political campaigns in Slovakia
Autorzy:
Pčolinský, Vladimír
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/471071.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Komunikacji Społecznej
Tematy:
campaign costs
election legislation
political advertising
campaign eff ectiveness
cost structure
Opis:
Modern democratic election campaigns in Slovakia have almost 20 years of tradition. The aim of the article is to familiarize the reader with brief analysis of legislative framework of all types of election campaigns (presidential elections, parliamentary elections, the European Parliament elec- tions, self-governing region elections, municipal elections and referendum) together with structural analysis of election costs in parliamentary elections in 2006. At the same time, we evaluated the ef- fectiveness of election costs from various points of view: costs of the election campaign for 1 obtained vote; costs of the election campaign for 1 obtained seat in the Parliament; overall income from the state budget for the political party in relation to means invested in a campaign.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Communication; 2009, 2, 2(3); 329-338
1899-5101
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Communication
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stochastic demands, fixed costs and time-varying Solow residual
Autorzy:
Dudek, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/500675.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
business cycles
demand uncertainty
Solow residual
fixed costs
Opis:
In a general equilibrium model that contains the standard RBC model as a special case we provide a novel and yet very intuitive interpretation of the Solow residual. We argue in a simple framework with a micro-level uncertainty and fixed costs that movements in the measured value of the Solow residual can reflect endogenous evolution in the stock of knowledge on the status of individual market demands. We establish that transitory shocks can have persistent effects as they exacerbate informational imperfections. In addition, the Solow residual is shown to fluctuate even though the technological frontier is time invariant and factors are fully employed. Finally, we argue that movements in the measured value of the TFP can be caused by monetary disturbances.
Źródło:
Prace i Materiały Instytutu Rozwoju Gospodarczego SGH; 2015, 96: Analyzing and forecasting economic fluctuations; 95-125
0866-9503
Pojawia się w:
Prace i Materiały Instytutu Rozwoju Gospodarczego SGH
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Koszty postępowania przed Trybunałem Konstytucyjnym
Costs of Proceedings before the Constitutional Tribunal
Autorzy:
Warciński, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2196873.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
costs of proceedings
Constitutional Tribunal
Opis:
The author points out that the issue of costs of proceedings before the Constitutional Tribunal has not been elaborated in the literature so far, whereas it is of practical importance, although not as great as the institution of civil trial costs in particular. However, this issue is an interesting subject of legal interpretation and inference. The paper discusses the functions of costs of proceedings before the Constitutional Tribunal, their scope and the rules for their adjudication. In conclusion, it was found that the regulation of this institution is defective, as it contains significant gaps that need to be filled by way of appropriate or analogous application of several other normative acts. This led the author to postulate de lege ferenda that this state of affairs should be changed.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2021, 4(72); 42-56
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Koszty pracy przedsiębiorstwa górniczego
Labour costs of a mining company
Autorzy:
Trzaskuś-Żak, B.
Gałaś, Z.
Sierpień, M.
Borowiec, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/167167.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Górnictwa
Tematy:
koszty pracy
obligatoryjne narzuty
labour costs
obligatory mark-up
components of labour costs
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono analizę kosztów pracy na przykładzie przedsiębiorstwa górniczego. Ze względu na poufność wykorzystanych w publikacji danych przedsiębiorstwo oznaczono symbolem X. Analizie poddano składniki kosztów pracy ponoszonych przez badane przedsiębiorstwo w związku z zatrudnieniem pracowników. Rozważania przeprowadzono dla okresu obejmującego lata 2011–2013.
This paper presents the analysis of labour costs illustrated with an example of a mining company. The confidentiality of data used in the publication on the company marked as X was taken into account. The analysis concerns the components of the labour costs connected with employment. The study was performed for the period of 2011-2013. The structure of obligatory components of labour costs was assessed concerning, among others, wage and non-wage components.
Źródło:
Przegląd Górniczy; 2015, 71, 8; 104-107
0033-216X
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Górniczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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