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Tytuł:
Badanie przydatnosci testu ELISA do wczesnego diagnozowania inwazji z rodzaju Trichinella u swin
The usefulness of ELISA test early serological detection of Trichinella spp. infection in pigs
Autorzy:
Bien, J
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/838974.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
Tematy:
diagnostyka wczesna
pasozyty zwierzat
trzoda chlewna
Trichinella spiralis
parazytologia
inwazja pasozytnicza
przydatnosc
test ELISA
Źródło:
Annals of Parasitology; 2007, 53, 2; 149-151
0043-5163
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Parasitology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przydatność ELISA do diagnozowania włośnicy u świń i dzików
The usefulness of ELISA for diagnosis of trichinellosis in pigs and wild boars
Autorzy:
Bień, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2144342.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
Tematy:
wlosnica
choroby pasozytnicze
diagnostyka weterynaryjna
Polska
walidacja
pasozyty
Warszawa konferencja
trzoda chlewna
dziki
wykorzystanie
parazytologia
konferencje
Trichinella
choroby zwierzat
test ELISA
wykrywanie
Opis:
ELISA can be used to measure produced antibodies or Trichinella spp. antigens in the samples. They are detected with antibodies linked to an enzyme that reacts with a substrate and generate a colour reaction. The optical density (OD) of the reaction is measured spectrophotometrically. ELISA assays can be done in several different procedures called „direct”, "indirect", "sandwich", and "competition" ELISA. Since the 1970s, the studies have been done on improving or replacing direct methods of Trichinella diagnosis with serological methods based on the ELISA. When somatic antigens of L1 T. spiralis were used, the specificity of the ELISA was poor due to a high probability of cross-reactions with other pathogens. During the 1980s the specificity of the ELISA was improved by excretory-secretory (E/S) antigens obtained during Trichinella muscle larvae incubation in vitro. Recently a synthetic glycan antigen has been developed and the increasing of ELISA specificity and sensitivity was noticed. The sensitivity of the ELISA using an E/S antigen ranging from 93.1 to 99.2% but the specificity from 90.6 to 99.4%. The ELISA method is relatively simple to apply, reliable, readily standardized and provides an acceptable balance of sensitivity and specificity. But all modified procedures should be validated. In Poland, the studies on the usefulness of ELISA for antibodies detection against T. spiralis in pigs and wild animals are limited. Own ELISA procedure was prepared in Pathophysiology Lab. in W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology of PAS. ELISA was used to examine IgG level against L1 T. spiralis in pigs and wild boars serum samples. Of 1474 pig samples, only 12 were positive. Of 1880 wild boar samples only 14 were positive. The results of this study are comparable with performance obtained using commercial sets. The results showed the usefulness of ELISA for T. spiralis diagnosis in pigs and wild boars and confirmed the possibility of use the ELISA test for application in the slaughterhouse.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Parazytologiczne; 2006, 52, 3; 205-212
0043-5163
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Parazytologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ procedury otrzymywania antygenów ekskrecyjno-sekrecyjnych Trichinella spiralis na wynik testu ELISA u zarażonych świń
The influence of the procedure of excretory -secretory L1 Trichinella spiralis antigen preparation on the efficiency of an ELISA test in pigs
Autorzy:
Bień, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2144343.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
Tematy:
analiza statystyczna
diagnostyka weterynaryjna
pasozyty
nicienie
Warszawa konferencja
otrzymywanie
procedury
trzoda chlewna
zwierzeta chore
parazytologia
Trichinella spiralis
konferencje
antygeny
wartosc diagnostyczna
test ELISA
Opis:
Background. Trichinellosis is a parasitic zoonosis transmitted to humans by consumption of raw or undercooked meat from animals infected by worms of the Trichinella genus. Every year seropositive cases are found among the human population and thus trichinellosis still remains an epidemiologically important disease in Poland. The usefulness of ELISA for anti-T. spiralis IgG detection in pigs is still limited by the nature of antigen. The objective in the present study was to compare the usefulness of excretory-secretory antigens of L1 T. spiralis for the serological detection of IgG antibodies in pigs. Material and methods. The antigens were prepared in different laboratories: Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (N) in Germany, Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (W) in Italy and Ag ES L1 T. spiralis in Poland. Conventional, Iberian pigs were infected with 200, 1000 and 20 000 muscle larvae of T. spiralis. Serum samples were obtained at 5 and 1 dbi (day before infection), and 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60 dpi (day post infection) and screened for specific IgG antibodies to excretory-secretory L1 T. spiralis antigens. Serum samples were obtained from the EU project TRICHIPORSE. The cut-off value of ELISA was determined on serum samples from 248 Trichinella-free pigs from Poznań and Boża Wola, that were examined by artificial digestion. Results. In pigs infected with 200 L1 T. spiralis larvae, specific IgG were detectable from 50 dpi, when the Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (N) was used, whereas when Ag ES L1T. spiralis (W) and Ag ES L1 T. spiralis were used, the specific IgG were detectable from 40 dpi. In pigs infected with 1000 L1 T. spiralis larvae, specific IgG was observed from 30 dpi when Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (W) and Ag ES L1 T. spiralis were used, but when Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (N) was used specific IgG were detectable from 40 dpi. In the group infected with the highest dose of T. spiralis larvae, specific IgG were detectable from 30 dpi when Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (N) and Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (W) were used, whereas when Ag ES L1 T. spiralis was used specific IgG were detectable from 20 dpi. The results strongly indicated that in the examined pigs, the specific IgG response against T. spiralis infection is dose dependent. Furthermore, it was shown that the high infectious dose induced earlier increasing of specific IgG response. Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between OD values obtained in procedures based on the three antigens. The results were statistically repeatable for procedures and for single pigs (P<0.01).
Źródło:
Wiadomości Parazytologiczne; 2006, 52, 3; 219-230
0043-5163
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Parazytologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Badanie przydatności testu ELISA do wczesnego diagnozowania inwazji z rodzaju Trichinella u świń
The usefulness of ELISA test early serological detection of Trichinella spp. infection in pigs
Autorzy:
Bień, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2143857.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
Tematy:
diagnostyka wczesna
pasozyty zwierzat
trzoda chlewna
Trichinella spiralis
parazytologia
inwazja pasozytnicza
przydatnosc
test ELISA
Opis:
Trichinellosis is a parasitic zoonosis transmitted to humans through consumption of raw or undercooked meat from animals infected with nematodes of the Trichinella genus. Every year seropositive cases are found among the human population and thus trichinellosis still remains an epidemiologically important disease. The first step of the study was the optimization of a new ELISA method enabling an early and specific serological diagnosis of trichinellosis in pigs and wild boars using excretory−secretory (ES) antigens obtained from in vitro cultures of L1 T. spiralis. Serum samples were assayed for anti−T. spiralis IgG antibodies using the new ELISA protocol and a reference test — Standard manufactured by Institut Pourquier. The optimization involved the selection of suitable plates for antigen coating, dilution of sera and antibodies and their time of incubation. On the basis of the optimization a new ELISA procedure for the detection of IgG and IgM against T. spiralis was elaborated. Conventional, Iberian pigs and SPF (Specific Pathogen Free) pigs were infected with 200, 1000 and 20,000 muscle larvae of T. spiralis. Serum samples were obtained at 5 and 1 dbi (day before infection), and 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60 dpi (day post infection) and screened for specific IgG antibodies against excretory−secretory L1 T. spiralis antigens. Serum samples were obtained from the EU project Trichiporse: „Safe pork and horse meat on EU markets: early and unbiased diagnostic tests for Trichinella”. Field samples of conventional pigs (1474) and wild boars (1784) were obtained from slaughter houses in different parts of Poland. Pigs were examined for the presence of Trichinella spp. using the artificial digestion method. Only four pigs were naturally infected with T. spiralis, the remaining were Trichinella larvae free. ELISA was used to examine IgG levels against L1 T. spiralis in pig and wild boar sera. The usefulness of ELISA for anti−IgG detection in pigs is usually limited by the nature of the antigen. The antigens were prepared in different laboratories: in Germany — Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (N), Italy — Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (W)) and in Poland — Ag ES L1 T. spiralis. Cut−off values for ELISA along with the estimated sensitivity and specificity were calculated using different methods: S/P%, M+3SD and ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic). In SPF and Iberian pigs inoculated with 200, 1000 and 20,000 L1 T. spiralis, specific antibodies were detected 40, 30 and 25 dpi, respectively, with the use of the Standard (reference test). The analysis of the two ELISA procedures demonstrated a high sensitivity and specificity for the newly elaborated test utilizing the Ag ES L1 T. spiralis. In conventional pigs infected with 20,000 L1 T. spiralis specific antibodies were detected from 20 dpi when employing the new protocol. Similar results for the Standard and new ELISA test were obtained for serum samples of conventional pigs infected with 200 and 1000 larvae, which became positive from 40 dpi and 30 dpi, respectively. The results showed that both: the Standard and new protocols were comparable, and based on this, the new test was applied for further research. Results obtained adopting the new protocol with three antigens showed that two of them: Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (W) and Ag ES L1 T. spiralis are similar. The specific IgG antibodies for infective doses of 200 and 1000 larvae for these antigens were detectable 40 and 30 dpi respectively. In pigs infected with the highest dose of T. spiralis larvae IgG anti bodies were detectable from 20 dpi when Ag ES L1 T. spiralis was used. These results strongly indicate that in examined pigs, the specific IgG response to T. spiralis infection is dose dependant. Of 1474 examined pig sera only 0.99% gave a positive signal against ES L1 T. spiralis antigen. Of 1784 examined wild boars sera only 0.68 % gave positive results using the new ELISA protocol. ELISA is a useful method for detecting specific IgG antibodies in pigs experimentally infected with different doses of T. spiralis and naturally infected pigs. In pigs the specific IgG response is dose dependant. The Ag ES L1 T. spiralis increases the specifity of the method and reduces false positive results. Simultaneous use of both methods: digestion and ELISA for the diagnosis of Trichinella in naturally infected pigs and wild boars may increase the chances of eliminating meat infected with T. spiralis larvae.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Parazytologiczne; 2007, 53, 2; 149-151
0043-5163
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Parazytologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przydatnosc ELISA do diagnozowania wlosnicy u swin i dzikow
The usefulness of ELISA for diagnosis of trichinellosis in pigs and wild boars
Autorzy:
Bien, J
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/840219.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
Tematy:
wlosnica
choroby pasozytnicze
diagnostyka weterynaryjna
Polska
walidacja
pasozyty
Warszawa konferencja
trzoda chlewna
dziki
wykorzystanie
parazytologia
konferencje
Trichinella
choroby zwierzat
test ELISA
wykrywanie
Opis:
ELISA can be used to measure produced antibodies or Trichinella spp. antigens in the samples. They are detected with antibodies linked to an enzyme that reacts with a substrate and generate a colour reaction. The optical density (OD) of the reaction is measured spectrophotometrically. ELISA assays can be done in several different procedures called „direct”, "indirect", "sandwich", and "competition" ELISA. Since the 1970s, the studies have been done on improving or replacing direct methods of Trichinella diagnosis with serological methods based on the ELISA. When somatic antigens of L1 T. spiralis were used, the specificity of the ELISA was poor due to a high probability of cross-reactions with other pathogens. During the 1980s the specificity of the ELISA was improved by excretory-secretory (E/S) antigens obtained during Trichinella muscle larvae incubation in vitro. Recently a synthetic glycan antigen has been developed and the increasing of ELISA specificity and sensitivity was noticed. The sensitivity of the ELISA using an E/S antigen ranging from 93.1 to 99.2% but the specificity from 90.6 to 99.4%. The ELISA method is relatively simple to apply, reliable, readily standardized and provides an acceptable balance of sensitivity and specificity. But all modified procedures should be validated. In Poland, the studies on the usefulness of ELISA for antibodies detection against T. spiralis in pigs and wild animals are limited. Own ELISA procedure was prepared in Pathophysiology Lab. in W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology of PAS. ELISA was used to examine IgG level against L1 T. spiralis in pigs and wild boars serum samples. Of 1474 pig samples, only 12 were positive. Of 1880 wild boar samples only 14 were positive. The results of this study are comparable with performance obtained using commercial sets. The results showed the usefulness of ELISA for T. spiralis diagnosis in pigs and wild boars and confirmed the possibility of use the ELISA test for application in the slaughterhouse.
Źródło:
Annals of Parasitology; 2006, 52, 3; 205-212
0043-5163
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Parasitology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wplyw procedury otrzymywania antygenow ekskrecyjno-sekrecyjnych Trichinella spiralis na wynik testu ELISA u zarazonych swin
The influence of the procedure of excretory -secretory L1 Trichinella spiralis antigen preparation on the efficiency of an ELISA test in pigs
Autorzy:
Bien, J
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/840241.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
Tematy:
analiza statystyczna
diagnostyka weterynaryjna
pasozyty
nicienie
Warszawa konferencja
otrzymywanie
procedury
trzoda chlewna
zwierzeta chore
parazytologia
Trichinella spiralis
konferencje
antygeny
wartosc diagnostyczna
test ELISA
Opis:
Background. Trichinellosis is a parasitic zoonosis transmitted to humans by consumption of raw or undercooked meat from animals infected by worms of the Trichinella genus. Every year seropositive cases are found among the human population and thus trichinellosis still remains an epidemiologically important disease in Poland. The usefulness of ELISA for anti-T. spiralis IgG detection in pigs is still limited by the nature of antigen. The objective in the present study was to compare the usefulness of excretory-secretory antigens of L1 T. spiralis for the serological detection of IgG antibodies in pigs. Material and methods. The antigens were prepared in different laboratories: Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (N) in Germany, Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (W) in Italy and Ag ES L1 T. spiralis in Poland. Conventional, Iberian pigs were infected with 200, 1000 and 20 000 muscle larvae of T. spiralis. Serum samples were obtained at 5 and 1 dbi (day before infection), and 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60 dpi (day post infection) and screened for specific IgG antibodies to excretory-secretory L1 T. spiralis antigens. Serum samples were obtained from the EU project TRICHIPORSE. The cut-off value of ELISA was determined on serum samples from 248 Trichinella-free pigs from Poznań and Boża Wola, that were examined by artificial digestion. Results. In pigs infected with 200 L1 T. spiralis larvae, specific IgG were detectable from 50 dpi, when the Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (N) was used, whereas when Ag ES L1T. spiralis (W) and Ag ES L1 T. spiralis were used, the specific IgG were detectable from 40 dpi. In pigs infected with 1000 L1 T. spiralis larvae, specific IgG was observed from 30 dpi when Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (W) and Ag ES L1 T. spiralis were used, but when Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (N) was used specific IgG were detectable from 40 dpi. In the group infected with the highest dose of T. spiralis larvae, specific IgG were detectable from 30 dpi when Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (N) and Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (W) were used, whereas when Ag ES L1 T. spiralis was used specific IgG were detectable from 20 dpi. The results strongly indicated that in the examined pigs, the specific IgG response against T. spiralis infection is dose dependent. Furthermore, it was shown that the high infectious dose induced earlier increasing of specific IgG response. Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between OD values obtained in procedures based on the three antigens. The results were statistically repeatable for procedures and for single pigs (P<0.01).
Źródło:
Annals of Parasitology; 2006, 52, 3; 219-230
0043-5163
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Parasitology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zagospodarowanie komunalnych osadów ściekowych metodami termicznymi
Utilisation of sewage sludge in Poland by thermal method
Autorzy:
Bień, J. D
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/297623.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Politechnika Częstochowska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Częstochowskiej
Tematy:
komunalne osady ściekowe
metody termiczne
suszenie
spalanie
współspalanie
sewage sludge
thermal methods
sludge drying
sludge incineration
sludge co-incineration
Opis:
Według danych GUS w 2011 r. ilość komunalnych osadów ściekowych wytworzonych w Polsce wyniosła 519, 2 tys. Mg s.m. Z kolei prognozowana, wg KPGO2014 na 2015 r. ilość suchej masy komunalnych osadów ściekowych osiągnie poziom 642, 4 tys. Mg i będzie wykazywać tendencję wzrostową w kolejnych latach. Tak duża masa osadów będzie stwarzać ogromne problemy w ich zagospodarowaniu. W celu rozwiązania tego problemu stawia się na wykorzystanie termicznych metod unieszkodliwiania osadów. Zgodnie z zapisami Krajowego Planu Gospodarki Odpadami (KPGO2014) przewiduje się, że w perspektywie do 2020 r. ponad 30% osadów będzie termicznie zagospodarowywane. W publikacji przedstawiono aktualny stan prawny oraz metody ostatecznego zagospodarowania osadów w Polsce. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na metody termiczne, które w świetle ograniczeń innych metod zagospodarowania osadów są traktowane priorytetowo. Potwierdzeniem tego jest choćby ilość budowanych suszarni oraz stacji termicznego przekształcania komunalnych osadów ściekowych.
According to the data announced by the Central Statistical Office (GUS) in 2011 in Poland there were 3143 municipal wastewater treatment plants, and actually sewegerage system is serving more than twenty-five million inhabitants. Most of the wastewater treatment plants are relatively new. The modern and highly efficient wastewater treatment systems produce significant amounts of municipal sewage sludge. The amount of sludge starts to create huge problems in their proper management. In addition, from 1st of January 2016 storage of sewage sludge, which so far has been one of the most popular methods of sludge management will be virtually impossible. Thermal methods of disposal are currently being considered as an interesting way of sludge management. Thermal sludge disposal methods include incineration, co-incineration and so called alternative methods, such as: gasification, pyrolysis or wet oxidation. In Poland generally incineration and co-incineration are used for sludge utilization. Currently there are eleven plants where sewage sludge is incinerated. Seven of them are using fluidized bed technology, in four cases the sewage sludge is burned on the grate. Poland's first plant for sludge incineration was launched in 1997 in Gdynia - Dębogórze and we had to wait more than ten years for the second one. Now as it was mentioned we have 11 installations in Poland. The biggest one is located in Warsaw and it is currently in the start-up process. Sewage sludge is also managed by the co-firing in the cement industry. This is particularly evident in the Cemex group. However, it should be noted that it has been implemented four years ago. In 2009 co-firing of sewage sludge was launched in Chełm cement plant. In Rudniki plant co-incineration started one year later. Nowadays sewage sludge is given to the cement kiln together with coal. Of course the amount of sewage sludge is not a significant volume in the total amount of alternative fuels use, but its share is growing from year to year. Co-combustion of sludge in power boilers is at the stage of technical trial. Sludge is a waste and the process of sludge co-incineration is a thermal waste utilization process what implies certain legal consequences. This reason causes that energy sector is currently not interested in sludge co-incineration.
Źródło:
Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska; 2012, 15, 4; 439-449
1505-3695
2391-7253
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Efekty pracy polskiej instalacji mechaniczno-cieplnego przetwarzania odpadów komunalnych
Experiences of polish mechanical heat treatment technology applied to municipal waste
Autorzy:
Bień, J. D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/400793.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
odpady komunalne
mechaniczno-cieplne przetwarzanie
autoklawowanie
recykling
gospodarka o obiegu zamkniętym
municipal waste
mechanical heat treatment MHT
autoclaving system
recycling
circular economy
Opis:
W Polsce i w szeregu krajów Unii Europejskiej przetwarzanie zmieszanych odpadów komunalnych zostało oparte na drodze przetwarzania odpadów w instalacjach mechaniczno-biologicznych oraz instalacjach termicznego przetwarzania. Dotychczasowe doświadczenia z funkcjonowania tych instalacji, w szczególności w aspekcie recyklingu materiałowego, co w obliczu formułowania gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym jest dla Komisji Europejskiej priorytetowym zagadnieniem nie napawa optymizmem. By myśleć o wysokim poziomie ponownego wykorzystania i recyklingu odpadów komunalnych, który zgodnie z założeniami UE ma wynosić co najmniej 65% do 2030 r. konieczne są działania zmierzające do podniesienia jakości odpadów. Z pewnością takim rozwiązaniem jest selektywna zbiórka u źródła, ale z zaznaczeniem, że powinna być prowadzona na wysokim poziomie. Jak kosztowne jest to rozwiązanie przekonało się już wiele krajów. W poszukiwaniu innych metod kraje Wielkiej Brytanii zwracają swe zainteresowanie w kierunku metod mechaniczno-cieplnego przetwarzania. W Polsce funkcjonuje jedna taka instalacja. Doświadczenia z jej pracy przedstawione zostały w niniejszej publikacji.
In Poland and in several EU countries, the processing of mixed municipal waste is based on waste treatment in mechanical and biological installations and thermal processing plants. The experience gained from the operation of these installations, particularly in the aspect of material recycling, which is important to the formulation of circular economy, is not satisfactory. In order to achieve a high level of reuse and recycling of municipal waste, which is expected to be at least 65% by 2030, efforts to improve waste quality needs to be made. Certainly, a selective collection of waste at source is one of the solutions; however, it should be noted that it must be conducted at a high level. Many countries have already realized how costly this solution is. In search of other methods, the UK countries are turning their attention to the mechanical heat treatment technology. In Poland, there is one such installation and the idea of this paper is to discuss the issues connected with it. The practical experience of the operating of this installation shows so far that the process enables to match good process parameters to a variable input. The very good quality of secondary raw materials obtained in the process is more attractive to the final consumer. Moreover, the levels of recycling for the four fractions of waste, such as: paper, metals, plastics and glass, are high and significantly exceed the factors achieved in the process of mechanical and biological treatment.
Źródło:
Inżynieria Ekologiczna; 2017, 18, 4; 25-31
2081-139X
2392-0629
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria Ekologiczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mechaniczno-cieplne przetwarzanie odpadów komunalnych w kontekście gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym
Mechanical Heat Treatment (MHT) of municipal waste in the context of circular economy
Autorzy:
Bień, J. D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/296889.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Częstochowska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Częstochowskiej
Tematy:
utilization
recycling
mixed municipal waste
MHT technology
circular economy
przetwarzanie
recykling
zmieszane odpady komunalne
mechaniczno-cieplne przetwarzanie odpadów
gospodarka o obiegu zamkniętym
Opis:
In December 2015, the European Commission announced a “Closing the loop - An EU action plan for the Circular Economy” document. This action aimed at creating a sustainable, low carbon, resource efficient and competitive economy for the member states resulted from the observation of the current economy model, based on the “take, open, use and throw” principle. This model, called linear, leads to excessive depletion of natural resources and the generation of excessive waste. Today, a completely different approach is needed where reuse, repair, renewal and recycling will be the longest possible preservation of the value of the products and hence the reduction of waste. For this reason, the document mentioned above proposes the adoption of long-term targets for the recycling of municipal and packaging waste, with a significant reduction in storage capacity. In Poland and in several European Union countries, the processing of mixed municipal waste is based on waste treatment in mechanical and biological installations and thermal processing plants. On the base of the formulation of the closed-loop economy the future for such installations for municipal waste treatment does not seem rosy. To think about the high level of reuse and recycling of municipal waste, which is expected to be at least 65% by 2030, efforts are needed to improve the quality of waste. This is to be followed by a regulation on a detailed method for the selective collection of selected waste fractions, which is to harmonize the rules for selective collection in the country. But the question is how much will this improve the quality of secondary raw materials. In this context, any technology that allows for the high quality of the recycled material and achieving high levels of recycling is desirable. The paper presents the problem of mechanical and thermal treatment (MHT) of municipal waste, which is part of the closed-loop economy. In the paper there are presented some technologies already applied in UE. Particular importance is laid to polish technology called RotoSTERIL presented by Bioelectra company. The practical experience of operating this plant in Różanki shows so far that the RotoSTERIL process gives an ability to match good process parameters to a variable input. The very good quality of secondary raw materials obtained in the process has a higher attractiveness to the final consumer. The achieved levels of recycling for the four fractions of waste, such as: paper, metals, plastics and glass are high and exceeds significantly factors achieved in the process of mechanical and biological treatment, and already meets the requirements of EU recycling levels for 2020.
W grudniu 2015 r. Komisja Europejska ogłosiła komunikat Komisji Europejskiej do Parlamentu Europejskiego, Rady, Europejskiego Komitetu Społeczno-Ekonomicznego i Komitetu Regionów, określony jako „Zamknięcie obiegu - plan działania UE dotyczący gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym”. Podjęcie tego działania, którego celem jest stworzenie zrównoważonej, niskoemisyjnej, zasobooszczędnej i jednocześnie konkurencyjnej gospodarki krajów członkowskich, wynikło z obserwacji funkcjonującego aktualnie modelu w gospodarce, opartego na zasadzie „weź, wytwórz, użyj i wyrzuć”. Model ten, zwany liniowym, prowadzi do nadmiernego wyczerpywania się surowców naturalnych i powstawania znacznych ilości odpadów. Dziś potrzebne jest całkowicie inne podejście, u źródła którego ponowne użycie, naprawa, odnawianie oraz recykling stanowić będą o możliwie jak najdłuższym zachowaniu wartości produktów, a przez to nastąpi ograniczenie ilości odpadów. Z tego też względu we wspomnianym na wstępie dokumencie zaproponowano między innymi przyjęcie długofalowych celów w zakresie recyklingu odpadów komunalnych oraz opakowaniowych przy wydatnym ograniczeniu możliwości ich składowania. W tym kontekście każda technologia, która pozwala uzyskać wysoką jakość surowców wtórnych oraz osiągnąć wysokie poziomy recyklingu, jest pożądana. W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienie mechaniczno-cieplnego przetwarzania odpadów komunalnych wpisujące się w zagadnienie gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym.
Źródło:
Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska; 2017, 20, 2; 221-236
1505-3695
2391-7253
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimentally validated nonlinear analysis of bridge plate girders with deformations
Autorzy:
Kużawa, M.
Bień, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/178315.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
FEM analysis
experimental tests
bridge plate girders
deformations
load capacity
Opis:
Comprehensive methodology of numerical nonlinear analysis of the consecutive phases in the structural behaviour of bridge plate girders with deformations is presented. The analysis concerns all stages of structure loading until failure and especially determination of the ultimate shear load capacity. Verification and validation of the numerical procedures proposed is based on comparison of the calculated results with effects of experimental laboratory shear capacity tests of plate girders carried out at the University of Ljubljana.
Źródło:
Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica; 2015, 37, 3; 53-61
0137-6365
2083-831X
Pojawia się w:
Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 73

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