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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    In Search of Entropy
    Autorzy:
    Letessier, J.
    Rafelski, J.
    Tounsi, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1931272.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1994-04
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    25.75.+r
    05.30.Ch
    12.38.Mh
    Opis:
    Entropy is a quantity characterizing the arrow of time in the evolution of a physical system - in every irreversible process the entropy increases. In elementary interactions such as relativistic collisions of two atomic nuclei there is considerable particle production and hence entropy production. We address here a number of questions which arise naturally in this context. When and how is entropy produced in a quantum process, such as is a nuclear collision? How is the particle production related to entropy production? How does one measure the entropy produced in the reaction? We also consider certain fundamental approaches to the problem of entropy definition in quantum physics.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 1994, 85, 4; 699-716
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Investigations on the Anisotropic g Factors of the $Ni^{3+}$ Site in $La_2Ni_{0.5}Li_{0.5}O_4$
    Autorzy:
    Kuang, M.
    Wu, S.
    Zhang, Z.
    Song, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1400149.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013-04
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    76.30.Fc
    71.70.Ch
    75.10.Dg
    Opis:
    The anisotropic g factors $g_{∥}$ and $g_{⊥}$ of $La_2Ni_{0.5}Li_{0.5}O_4$ are theoretically investigated using the perturbation formulae of the g factors for a low spin $(S=1//2) 3d^7$ ion in tetragonally elongated octahedra. The studied $Ni^{3+} (3d^7)$ center arises from the original $Ni^{2+}$ capturing one hole by $Li^{+}$ doping. The positive anisotropy $\Delta g (= g_{⊥}-g_{∥})$ can be ascribed to the lowest $\text{}^2 A_{1g}$ state due to the obvious (about 0.14 Å) tetragonal elongation of the oxygen octahedron around the $Ni^{3+}$ site via the Jahn-Teller effect, and the effective magnetic moment is also interpreted in a uniform way. The calculated results show good agreement with the experimental data, and the imperfection of the previous studies based on various adjusted tetragonal energy splittings without correlating to the local structure of the magnetic center is thus overcome in this work.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2013, 123, 4; 734-736
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Investigation of $H_2:CH_4$ Plasma Composition by Means of Spatially Resolved Optical Spectroscopy
    Autorzy:
    Bogdanowicz, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1811532.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008-12
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    85.60.-q
    42.81.-i
    07.57.-c
    42.15.Eq
    32.30.-r
    52.50.Sw
    81.05.Uw
    Opis:
    The system based on spatially resolved optical emission spectroscopy dedicated for in situ diagnostics of plasma assisted CVD processes is presented in this paper. Measurement system coupled with chemical vapour deposition chamber by dedicated fiber-optic paths enables investigation of spatial distribution of species densities ($H_x$, $H^+$, CH, $CH^+$) during chemical vapour deposition process. Experiments were performed for a various gas inlet configuration at range of microwave power up to 800 W. Spatially resolved optical spectroscopy results showed that inlet configuration based on injecting hydrogen in ECR region and methane in substrate area is the most efficient for $H^+$ and $CH_{3}^{+}$ excitation. The designed prototype of the spatially resolved optical spectroscopy system enables the high-sensitivity measurements of concentration of the species in the microwave plasma and can be used for optimisation of diamond-like carbon synthesis.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2008, 114, 6A; A-33-A-38
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Study of the [(CH$\text{}_{3}$)$\text{}_{2}$NH$\text{}_{2}$]$\text{}_{5}$Cd$\text{}_{3}$Cl$\text{}_{11}$ Monocrystal Doped with Cu$\text{}^{2+}$ ion
    Autorzy:
    Ostrowski, A.
    Bednarski, W.
    Waplak, S.
    Czapla, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2030763.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002-06
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    76.30.-v
    05.70.Fh
    Opis:
    The paper reports the electron paramagnetic resonance investigation of Cu$\text{}^{2+}$ doped [(CH$\text{}_{3}$)$\text{}_{2}$NH$\text{}_{2}$]$\text{}_{5}$Cd$\text{}_{3}$Cl$\text{}_{11}$ (DMACC) monocrystal. DMACC:Cu$\text{}^{2+}$ was studied in the temperature range (6÷293) K. We did not observe any anomalies of spin-Hamiltonian parameters of Cu$\text{}^{2+}$ ion corresponding to the temperature anomalies observed in dielectric studies. The electron paramagnetic resonance anomaly recorded at about 40 K results from the subtle changes in bonds angles and Cu-Cl distances and suggests the smooth second order transition.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2002, 101, 6; 893-899
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Magnetic Resonance and Dielectric Studies of a Nonlinear La$\text{}_{3}$Ga$\text{}_{5.5}$Ta$\text{}_{0.5}$O$\text{}_{14}$ Single Crystal Doped with Erbium
    Autorzy:
    Bodziony, T.
    Typek, J.
    Orlowski, M.
    Majszczyk, J.
    Wabia, M.
    Berkowski, M.
    Ryba-Romanowski, W.
    Guskos, N.
    Likodimos, V.
    Anagnostakis, E. A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2035732.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    76.30.Kg
    77.22.Ch
    Opis:
    Single crystal of erbium doped La$\text{}_{3}$Ga$\text{}_{5.5}$Ta$\text{}_{0.5}$O$\text{}_{14}$ grown by the Czochralski method have been investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance and dielectric spectroscopy methods. Dielectric permittivity ε measurements performed in 90-440 K temperature range have shown negligible dispersion for 1 kHz - 1 MHz frequencies and a Curie-Weiss type behaviour with C=47700 K andθ=-340 K. Electron paramagnetic resonance studies have revealed the presence of two different paramagnetic, monoclinic centres. The calculated g factor values are: g$\text{}_{1}$=1.449, g$\text{}_{2}$=11. 534, g$\text{}_{3}$=4.24 for the main M$\text{}_{1}$ centre and g$\text{}_{1}$=1.98, g$\text{}_{2}$=4.169, g$\text{}_{3}$=4.25 for the weaker M$\text{}_{2}$ centre. The temperature dependence of EPR line intensity for centre M$\text{}_{1}$ and M$\text{}_{2}$ is quite different - while lines attributed to M$\text{}_{1}$ could only be observed at low temperatures, below 20 K, lines of M$\text{}_{2}$ centre persisted up to 200 K. The M$\text{}_{1}$ centre is connected with Er$\text{}^{3+}$ ion entering substitutionally into La$\text{}^{3+}$ site, while M$\text{}_{2}$ is probably connected with 3d ions at the same site, unintentionally introduced into the material as an admixture.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2003, 103, 2-3; 315-322
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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