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Wyszukujesz frazę "„Republic”" wg kryterium: Wszystkie pola


Tytuł:
Long-Term Residence Permit in the Czech Republic, Slovak Republic and the Republic of Poland
Autorzy:
Bednářová, Markéta
Lásková, Eva
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/910736.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Opis:
In all three Central European countries, long-term residence is defined as residence for a specific purpose of more than 90 days. The requirements for granting this type of residence are generally similar with differences in the individual types of purpose of this residence permit. The Polish Act contains a category that could be defined as ‘above-framework’, expanding the range of options that make it possible to obtain long-term residence. The Slovak legislation contains the purpose of “special activities”. In comparison with the Czech legislation, the range of possibilities for obtaining long-term residence in Slovakia is more extensive and less rigid. Specifically, in the case of long-term residence for the purpose of study, there is a fundamental difference in the legislation in the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic, where Slovak legislators include in the term “study” all university, secondary, and higher vocational education. The Polish Act mentions only university studies and doctoral studies. The administration related to the admission of a foreign student to a specific school in the territory is certainly more extensive and demanding in Poland, with both the minister and the voivode enter the process beyond the framework of standard state administration bodies. The arrangement of the Act reveals a fundamental difference in Poland, where the sequence and logic of the arrangement is different to the Czech or Slovak legislation, which is expressed in which institutions Poland focus greater attention and emphasis or importance. None of the countries completely leaves the issue of visas for aliens from third countries unregulated. Although the legislation is identical in many respects, there are differences between individual institutions and the periods for which a visa can be issued. However, the issue of alien law is, at first sight, very extensive and content-intensive in all the above Central European countries, as evidenced by the length of the legislation itself, the complexity of individual institutions, and specific complexity of the provisions.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2020, 2, 30; 89-106
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The 2nd Polish Republic in underground publications in the Polish People’s Republic
Autorzy:
Olaszek, Jan
Kisilowska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/472322.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-04-19
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Dziennikarstwa, Informacji i Bibliologii
Tematy:
2nd Polish Republic
Polish People’s Republic
democratic opposition
independent publishing movement
Józef Piłsudski
Roman Dmowski
Opis:
The article outlines the achievements of an independent publishing movement in the, ruled by communist’s, Polish People’s Republic concerning the pre-war Second Polish Republic. It was advisable that the characters and themes from the history of pre-war Poland were popular among underground publishers and that they were overlooked. At the same time, the article presents a dispute between supporters of the idealized vision of the Second Polish Republic and its critics.
Źródło:
Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi; 2019, Tom specjalny: Dla Niepodległej / Special Issue: For an Independent Poland; 251-272
1897-0788
2544-8730
Pojawia się w:
Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Self-governing Republic in the Third Republic
Autorzy:
Gliński, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929364.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006-03-30
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
self-governing Republic
Solidarity movement
civil society
nongovernmental organizations
third sector
public benefit
mass
elites
Opis:
This article discusses The Self-governing Republic, a programmatic-ideological conception which was part of the “Solidarity” Program accepted at the union’s First Convention in 1981. This conception was rooted in the ideas of the democratic opposition of the nineteen-seventies but it also reflected the pivotal changes in social consciousness which took place in 1980–81. Its main focus were postulates for the development of democratic institutions in all walks of social, political and economic life, postulates concerning the development of participant institutions, and the postulate to lay the moral foundations for democracy (e.g., responsibility of those guilty of communist crimes). This text confronts the programmatic legacy of The Self-governing Republic with its only partial implementation after 1989. The foundations of procedural democracy had been lain by this time but development of themoral foundations for democratic transformation were conspicuously lacking. The institutions of social self-government were only partly developed in the formof territorial self-government and, not without considerable resistance, development of the NGO sector which became the main programmatic successor of “Solidarity’s” legacy. In the nineties those changes which did take place in this sector were mainly the result of grassroots pressure and foreign aid. Since 2001/2002, however, positive institutional improvements have been observed in the vicinity of this sector. These improvements correspond with the sector’s new conditions of functioning following Poland’s accession to the European Union.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2006, 153, 1; 55-74
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spór o PRL w III Rzeczypospolitej (1989–2001)
Autorzy:
Friszke, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/477679.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
Tematy:
People's Republic of Poland
People's Republic of Poland disputation PRL
Third Republic Of Poland
1989-2001
Źródło:
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość; 2002, 1; 9-27
1427-7476
Pojawia się w:
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kosovo - An Atypical Parliamentary Republic
Autorzy:
Jashari, Murat
Selimi, Behar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036721.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
kosovo
parliament
republic
prime minister
government
Opis:
The topic of this comparative study is the republican character of the system of governance in Kosovo. In the public discourse and political communication, as well as in academic discourse Kosovo is considered a Parliamentary Republic, based on the principle “of the separation of powers and checks and balances between them.” Although the constitutional definition of the relationship between the executive and legislative favors parliamentary republicanism, the constitutional powers of the president, the government and especially the constitutional and political power of the prime minister, significantly weaken the parliamentary character, in favor of a semi-presidential system. However, neither the current theories of government, nor constitutional provisions can rank Kosovo among semi-presidential systems, or pure parliamentary systems. Comparisons of competence powers relations in Kosovo, with similar relations and competences of the countries of the region and beyond, testify to the specific nature of parliamentary democracy in Kosovo. It is precisely the comparison of the Kosovo constitutional-legal system of governance with similar systems and theoretical analysis of parliamentary models facing Kosovo model which will be the basis of support of the hypothesis that Kosovo is not a typical parliamentary republic.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2016, 14; 107-117
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Skinhead Subculture in the Czech Republic
Autorzy:
Smolík, Josef
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/644988.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
skinheads
subculture
Czech Republic
values
attitudes
Opis:
This article briefly describes the skinhead subculture, its history, components, characteristics, values, attitudes and norms. It also presents the various currents of the subculture, with an emphasis on the current apolitical trend within this subculture. The article discusses not only the skinhead subculture in England (its roots, development, etc.), but also the situation in the Czech Republic. The skinhead scene in the Czech Republic is characterised by disunity, caused by political orientation and the engagements of its various supporters, who identify either with: (a) the extreme right (National Socialism), (b) the traditional current (patriotism and the classic themes of the original skinhead subculture), or (c) the extreme left (Trotskyism, communism, and anarchist or ‘autonomist’ currents). It is difficult to establish how many skinheads there are in the Czech Republic today, but one estimate puts the figure at five thousand people when adding all currents together.
Źródło:
Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja; 2015, 7, 1; 91-103
2300-0422
Pojawia się w:
Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
State Security of Socialist Republic of Croatia and events in Poland 1980-1982
Autorzy:
Barić, Nikica
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2043569.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia
Socialist Republic of Croatia
Polska
Solidarity
state of war in Poland
State Security Service of Socialist Republic of Croatia
Opis:
The Socialist Republic of Croatia, as one of republics of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia, possessed its State Security Service (Služba državne sigurnosti, SDS), equivalent to similar political security services in other communist states. At the Yugoslav level there was also the Federal State Security Service. The State Security of Croatia dealt with both internal and external threats to the communist system and gathered intelligence information. In the early 1980s the State Security of Croatia gathered sizeable amount of information on the events connected with activities of „Solidarity” in the People’s Republic of Poland and the crisis that ultimately led to the imposition of state of war in Poland, as well as reaction to these events in Croatia. The main aim of this paper is to present State Security reports about with Poland in the period between 1980 and 1982.
Źródło:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2021, 28, 2; 117-139
0239-4278
2450-3177
Pojawia się w:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Participatory Budgeting in the Czech Republic between 2014 and 2018
Autorzy:
Brabec, Dušan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/647587.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
participatory budgeting, the Czech Republic
Opis:
The first real participatory budget was implemented in the Czech Republic in 2014. Since that time, the number of participatory budgets implemented by Czech municipalities increased significantly. With the rising popularity of this mechanism, I have conducted a simple quantitative analysis of possibly all the cases of the participatory budgets that were implemented in the Czech Republic between 2014 and 2018. This analysis aimed to identify the main characteristics and features as well as general trends of participatory budgeting in the Czech environment. Most attention was focused on the indicators of attractiveness and effectiveness of participatory budgets in the Czech Republic such as the ratio of the funds allocated for participatory budgeting compared to municipalities’ annual budgets or the connection between participatory budgets and voter turnout compared to other kinds of elections in the Czech Republic. This paper’s main asset is that it identifies and summarises all the cases and the main characteristics of participatory budgeting that were held in the analysed time period in the Czech Republic.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia; 2019, 26, 2
1428-9512
2300-7567
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Innovation environment in the Czech Republic
Autorzy:
Vančura, Michal
Mintálová, Tatiana
Toušek, Václav
Blažek, Martin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/439137.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
Innovation environment
Czech Republic
Opis:
The by-product of the current global economic processes is increasing competitive pressure. In conditions of world economy globalization, the Czech Republic was particularly successful in the 1990s, mainly due to the strategy of “low cost economy”. Low costs were the primary source of competitive advantage. Increasing pressure of large countries with cheap labour force does not allow the Czech Republic make its labour costs lower and use this as a source of economic growth and international competitiveness. Therefore the Czech Republic was forced to direct its further economic development towards the knowledge-based economy. Due to this new priority, in the economic policy the innovative abilities of the companies, increasing quality of human resources, as well as research and development of the new technologies became the most important tasks. For the most of companies these trends were tantamount with the necessity of basic changes in production process organization, management, human resources development, etc. Both inner and outer entrepreneurial environments were thus considerably changed and innovative companies become the carriers of comparative advantages in the regional development. The objective of the article is to assess the current position of the Czech Republic in international perspective as far as the innovative efficiency is concerned. The authors also will try to point the strong and weak sides of the innovation system in the Czech Republic. The second part of the paper analyses the innovative potential of particular Czech regions.
Źródło:
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego; 2010, 16; 58-66
2080-1653
Pojawia się w:
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Housing Demand in the Polish Peoples’ Republic
Autorzy:
Jarmuż, Michał
Jarosz, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1683830.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-12-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
housing
social policy
ownership
Polish Peoples’ Republic
Opis:
Although historians and social scientists devoted considerable attention to issues related to housing in the Polish Peoples’ Republic era, many problems still need further research. The crucial problem of the paper is to find an answer to the question: what did Poles have to do in the period between 1944/45 and 1989 in order to obtain housing? The answer given is the effect of several years of primary source research which encompassed archival material of assorted types and origins.
Źródło:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae; 2013, 31; 57-68
0081-6485
Pojawia się w:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Direct democracy in the political system of the Czech Republic: Current status and prospects for the future
Autorzy:
Koźbiał, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514495.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych
Tematy:
direct democracy
Czech Republic
Czech political system
local referendums in Czech Republic
Opis:
Czech experience in the field of referendums is rather limited. Only one nationwide referendum which has been held so far, took place in 2003 and concerned the membership of the Republic in the European Union. The experience of referendums at the local level is incomparably richer: decisions related to environmental matters have gained importance. The greatest interest was raised by referendums on the creation of new municipalities, storage of radioactive waste and elements of radar to be included in the anti-missile shield. It is most probable that referendums will not be used more often than before at the state level in the Czech Republic in the future. This assumption is supported by the lack of such historical experiences as well as the unwillingness of political decision makers. Only local communities often use this kind of opportunity to express their stance on important matters. Significant support on the political scene has been obtained by groups who even call for direct democracy to play a more important role than before in the political system of the Republic. These are not the strongest parties in the Czech Parliament.
Źródło:
Political Preferences; 2018, 21; 17-27
2449-9064
Pojawia się w:
Political Preferences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
How reborn Poland became a republic
Jak odrodzona Polska została republiką
Autorzy:
Balicki, Ryszard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/942118.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
form of government
2nd Polish Republic
Head of State
republic
monarchy
republika
monarchia
ustrój
II RP
głowa państwa
Opis:
The article presents the genesis of the republican Head of State in Poland after the First World War. It was a particularly important moment when the election of the form of government of the Polish State being rebuilt took place. The Author draws attention to the significant relationship between historical events taking place during the First World War, including especially political changes happening in the partitioning states influencing the decision for choosing the republican path.
W artykule przedstawiona została genezę republikańskiej głowy państwa w Polsce po I wojnie światowej. Był to szczególnie istotny moment, w którym dokonał się wybór formy ustrojowej odbudowywanego państwa polskiego. Autor zwraca uwagę na istotny związek dziejących się w czasie I wojny światowej wydarzeń historycznych, w tym zwłaszcza zmian ustrojowych zachodzących w państwach zaborczych na decyzję o wyborze republikańskiej drogi ustrojowej.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2018, 6 (46); 15-24
2082-1212
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
18 brumaire’a Republiki Weimarskiej
18 Brumaire of the Weimar Republic
Autorzy:
Ochmański, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/782521.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
Constitutional law
Weimar Republic
Preussenschlag
Prussia
Opis:
The crisis of parliamentary democracy in the Weimar Republic reached its peak in 1932. Successive governments, especially of Brüning and von Papen, took steps towards independence of the executive from parliamentary power. Their activity was supported by the policy of the President of the Hindenburg Reich. This alliance was supposed to theoretically ensure strong executive rule and consolidate the political superiority of conservative forces. The instrument of these actions was Article 48 of the Constitution, under which Hindenburg could issue emergency ordinances by bypassing the parliament. Conservatives were also supported by representatives of the legal sciences, who saw Article 48 as an effective instrument of dictatorship. The opposition was relatively weak and, what is more, it saw a political interest in supporting conservative governments. The conservatives, united occasionally against the left, fought for power against the Nazis. The conflict between the Reich and Prussia, which ended with the judgment of 25 October 1932, was the quintessence of this process. It aimed at the subordination of Prussia to the Reich and relied on a policy of applying the facts made justified by normative acts contrary to the constitution. Proceedings before the Supreme Court also revealed the political attitudes of representatives of the science of law. A group of conservative professors legitimized without any resistance the illegal order established in Prussia. The break-up of democracy in Prussia opened the way to the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler. In most cases, the representatives of the legal science started to legitimize the new order against the traditions and values of the rule of law.
Źródło:
Z Dziejów Prawa; 2019, 12; 385-405
1898-6986
2353-9879
Pojawia się w:
Z Dziejów Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Presidents of the Third Republic of Poland. Styles of Exercising Power
Autorzy:
Kasińska–Metryka, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2026805.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Presidents
Republic of Poland
Polska
Opis:
The notion of ‘style’ with reference to power is inherently vague and non-existent in the research terminology of social science. On the other hand though, it is difficult to find a more adequate expression to describe a peculiar, individual way of making use of powers deriving not so much from systematic adjustments as from the personality of a leader. Political power does not simply come down to a simple mechanism of giving and executing orders. It is a sort of performance demanding appropriate requisites lights, prestige and actors. As Herman suitably states: authority by its very nature seeks obedience and enhances prestige. Adopting a common view that each leader is a product of his own age, the personality of a president, therefore, incorporates both individual features and a shared experience of his generation. Considering the ways of realization the presidential power in Poland after 1989 it should be referred not only to its institutional or political aspects but also to historical and cultural background as factors co-determining this peculiar model of leadership.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2005, 34; 23-30
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Development and trends of the general referendum law proposals in the Czech Republic
Autorzy:
Brabec, Dušan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/647641.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Referendum
Czech Republic
proposal
Opis:
The possibilities of introducing elements of direct democracy into the Czech constitutional framework are often being reduced to efforts to implement a general referendum. During more than 25 years of the existence of an independent Czech Republic, the Czech Parliament discussed 21 proposals of the general referendum law. However, despite the relatively large number of the proposals, the Czech legislators did not agree on the form which the general referendum should have in the Czech Republic - none of the submitted proposals of the law on the general referendum has so far been accepted. Proposals of the general referendum law were not identical. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse 21 proposals submitted to the Czech Parliament. The main emphasis will be put on the overall role which a general referendum should fulfil in case it is implemented into the Czech legal framework. Should a general referendum serve only as a complementary instrument in the context of parliamentary democracy applied in the Czech Republic or should it be used as a regular tool to exercise power by citizens of the Czech Republic which corresponds much more to the system based on direct democracy? Which of these poles are the proposals approaching, or is it possible to observe a certain trend in the submitted proposals of the general referendum laws? Are the proposals, that are repeatedly submitted by the same political parties consistent in their content? Those are the main issues, which will be addressed in this paper.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia; 2018, 25, 2
1428-9512
2300-7567
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The dynamics of the party system in the Czech Republic
Autorzy:
Czyżniewski, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048204.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-14
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
party system
The Czech Republic
parliamentary elections
Opis:
The article examines the changes that took place in the Czech party system from the moment of the political transformation of 1989/1990 to the last parliamentary elections in 2017. It is based on a survey of data on the results of the elections to the Czech National Council and the Chamber of Deputies. The interpretation of the data allows answering several research questions: is the Czech party system stable, and if so, is it possible to determine it model? Are the inevitable model changes sudden or evolutionary as a consequence of an observable trend? Is it possible to distinguish and define the stages of functioning of the Czech party system? To what extent does the party system of the Czech Republic have roots in the party system of Czechoslovakia and did the disintegration of the federal republic significantly affect its change?
The article examines the changes that took place in the Czech party system from the moment of the political transformation of 1989/1990 to the last parliamentary elections in 2017. It is based on a survey of data on the results of the elections to the Czech National Council and the Chamber of Deputies. The interpretation of the data allows answering several research questions: Is the Czech party system stable, and if so, is it possible to determine its model? Are the inevitable model changes sudden or evolutionary as a consequence of an observable trend? Is it possible to distinguish and define the stages of functioning of the Czech party system? To what extent does the party system of the Czech Republic have roots in the party system of Czechoslovakia and did the disintegration of the federal republic significantly affect its change?
Źródło:
Historia i Polityka; 2021, 38 (45); 173-187
1899-5160
2391-7652
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
National Security of the Republic of Poland
Autorzy:
Tuz, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/93230.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
national security
Republic of Poland
security determinants
external security
internal security
Opis:
Issues related to national security problems have long been of interest to many research centres. National security, due to its role and importance for the functioning of both the state and society, has become an important research area not only for military specialists, but also civilian experts. However, despite the unquestioned principle of the need to study the problems of national security, dispute issues are increasingly appearing that require new solutions based on scientific foundations or a fuller interpretation of the applicable rules of conduct. Security as a research area is multidimensional, it is analysed primarily in terms of organisation and subject. Therefore, there is no doubt the thesis that ensuring security is a fundamental duty of the state, because it really determines the sense of its existence. The security of the state is of course also the security of its citizens. Since the dawn of human history, the security of the individual has been associated with state-forming processes. Unfortunately, security, like many other common phenomena of everyday life of individuals and societies is intuitively made aware and does not succumb to unambiguous definitions, which is why a number of discussions arise and not only in the scientific community. The national security of the Republic of Poland is a specific range of challenges generated for the state. The article looks at the conditions of external and internal national security of the Republic of Poland, which is the starting point for research on national security. National security was defined and its typology made.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Sztuki Wojennej; 2019, 1(114); 5-19
2543-6937
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Sztuki Wojennej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Military Policy of the Republic of Belarus: Belarusian Historiography
Autorzy:
Sanzharevskiy, Oleh
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/519359.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
military policy
Republic of Belarus
foreign policy
integration research
Opis:
The article deals with the achievement of the Belarusian scientific thought in the last 20 years in the field of military policy research, military cooperation, and partnership with Russia.
Źródło:
Historia i Polityka; 2015, 14(21); 43-49
1899-5160
2391-7652
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Status of women in the Republic of Turkey.
Autorzy:
Joanna, Hetnarowicz,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/894553.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-04-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
European Union
human rights
Republic of Turkey
women’s rights.
Opis:
The article “Status of women in the Republic of Turkey” examines the issueof an ambiguous predicament of feminine part of the society in one of the European Union’s candidate countries. The objective of the article is to attempt to answer the following question: what are the reasons of social acceptance for violating women’s rights in Turkey? In order to examine the issue, this paper describes and compares legal status (past and present) concerning Turkish women and the instances of abusing their rights. Big contrast shown between them raises other questions. In the end all reflections lead to conclusion that patriarchal heritage and Kemalism’s inadvertences are the two main reasons responsible for current predicament of Turkish women. The whole article refers to the efforts of Turkey to become an EU member, as it plays a significant role there in the process of law modernisation. Artykuł bada zagadnienie, jakim jest niejednoznaczne położenie kobiet w jednym z krajów kandydujących do członkostwa w Unii Europejskiej – w Turcji. Rozważania będące treścią artykułu oscylują wokół pytania o przyczyny społecznej akceptacji dla łamania praw kobiet w tym państwie. By na nie odpowiedzieć, z jednej strony poruszona zostaje kwestia stanu prawnego (niegdysiejszego oraz obecnego), dotyczącego kwestii równouprawnienia, z drugiej zaś zostają opisane aktualne przypadki naruszeń praw kobiet. Duży kontrast pomiędzy tym, co państwo tureckie gwarantuje w różnego rodzaju aktach prawnych, a rzeczywistą trudną sytuacją, w jakiej znajdują się tamtejsze kobiety, prowokuje do stawiania kolejnych pytań. Ostatecznie, rozważania prowadzą do wniosku, iż to patriarchalne tradycje oraz ideologia kemalistyczna są dwiema głównymi przyczynami, które doprowadziły do obecnej - dość ambiwalentnej – sytuacji, w której tkwią dziś tureckie kobiety. W całym artykule pojawiają się liczne nawiązania do starań Turcji, by zostać członkiem Unii Europejskiej – jest to bowiem istotny powód, który od wielu lat wpływa na modernizację prawa w tym kraju
Źródło:
Przegląd Europejski; 2013, 3 (29); 99-114
1641-2478
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Europejski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Local Referendum in Ukraine and the Republic of Poland – A Comparative Analysis
Autorzy:
Ilnytskyi, Oleh
Przywora, Bogusław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2197895.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
local referendum
Constitution of the Republic of Ukraine
Constitution of
the Republic of Poland
comparative legal analysis
Opis:
We present the institution of a local referendum from a comparative perspective on the example of legal regulations in Ukraine and Poland. The study is the result of the ongoing research of the two Authors and is of crucial importance in the current political situation – the Russian aggression against Ukraine. Hence, it is relevant both nationally, Europe-wide and internationally. The analysis includes a legal comparative analysis of institutions and an attempt to assess their effectiveness. The authors point out that there is a need for effective ‘safeguarding’ in Ukraine to prevent the referendum from being used as a political instrument (at hoc), against the will of the people. The analysis uses a dogmatic and comparative legal method and draws on the authors’ experience of holding local referendums. This research may be useful not only for the researchers of the local government law but also for the legislators.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2023, 1(52); 109-122
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Drivers of Strategic Approach to Philanthropy in the Czech Republic
Autorzy:
Kubickova, Klara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1934177.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
strategic philantrophy
philantrophic strategy
corporate philantrophy
Czech Republic
Opis:
Purpose: This study aims to provide an empirical study of the factors that influence how companies engage in strategic philanthropy and philanthropic strategy. Methodology: A target group of Czech companies engaged in corporate philanthropy was contacted with an e-mail containing a hyperlink to an online questionnaire. In total, 296 companies participated in the study. Secondary data was collected from the Albertina database, Anopress IT database, and 2016–2018 annual reports. Logistic regression and likelihood-ratio tests were used to analyze the data. Findings: The results imply that company size, ownership, industry, slack resources, and visibility are predictors of philanthropic strategy. Company size and headquarters’ location are predictors of strategic philanthropy. The legitimacy strategy and slack resource theory may explain engagement in philanthropic strategy, but not in strategic philanthropy. Originality: This study contributes to scarce research addressing the drivers of the strategic approach to philanthropy. It provides a comprehensive empirical study of the factors influencing strategic philanthropic practices in the Czech Republic.
Źródło:
Central European Management Journal; 2021, 29(3); 86-113
2658-0845
2658-2430
Pojawia się w:
Central European Management Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Western Carpathians in the territory of the Czech Republic
Autorzy:
Skupien, P.
Vasicek, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/184033.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
Karpaty Zachodnie
Czechy
Western Carpathians
Czech Republic
Źródło:
Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie; 2008, 34, 3/1; 139-149
0138-0974
Pojawia się w:
Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Instytucja prezydenta w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej – tradycja i współczesność
Autorzy:
Kowalski, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2148645.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
President
Republic of Poland
Constitution
People’s Republic of Poland
Opis:
The article present the institution of the President against the background of the government regime’s evolution between 18th and 20th century. During this period a new model had been shaped based on separation of powers and balance between the head of the state, government (executive) and the Judiciary Branch. Author divided the history of the Presidential Office in Poland into four periods: the Second Republic of Poland (1918-1939), first years of the People’s Republic of Poland (1947-1952), late years of the People’s Republic of Poland (1989-1990) and the Third Republic of Poland (1990 ). Each of the period is different mainly because of the position and power of the President which directly depends on the Constitution, however political circumstances are not irrelevant in this matter. The dissertation attempts to describe all periods and comment them from the modern (current) point of view. Author spots that there’s been always conflict and dilemma between the idea of the strong presidency and weaker presidency. This tendency had been very visible during the Presidency of Lech Walesa, who had been trying to create the stable and firm institution of the President. New Constitution of the Polish Republic 1997 situated the President in accordance with the idea of the balance of power and division of powers. Role of the President depends currently on the political situation and the personal skills (even charisma) of the person who had been elected.
Źródło:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2008, 2(2); 123-137
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kościół katolicki w PRL 1980-1981 w dokumentach władz NRD
The Catholic Church in the Polish People’s Republic in 1980–1981 According to the Documents of the Authorities of the German Democratic Republic
Autorzy:
Gańczak, Filip
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2156724.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
Tematy:
Kościół
PRL
NRD
Solidarność
Church
Polish People’s Republic
German Democratic Republic
Solidarity
Opis:
Odmienna polityka kościelna przyjęta po 1956  r. przez PZPR i Socjalistyczną Partię Jedności Niemiec (SED) niejednokrotnie prowadziła do tarć między Warszawą a wschodnim Berlinem. Jeszcze po wielu latach władze NRD wypominały PZPR rzekome błędy popełnione po śmierci Bolesława Bieruta: poluzowanie sojuszu ze Związkiem Sowieckim, odejście od kolektywizacji rolnictwa i właśnie złagodzenie polityki wobec Kościoła katolickiego1. Pozycja katolików w NRD była jednak nieporównanie słabsza niż w PRL2. „Szacunkowo ocenia się, że [wschodnioniemiecki] Kościół [katolicki] liczy jedynie 1 mln wyznawców w porównaniu do kilku milionów protestantów”3 - czytamy w notatce Departamentu I Ministerstwa Spraw Wewnętrznych PRL ze stycznia 1980 r. Dodajmy, że NRD miała w tym czasie ponad 16,7 mln mieszkańców. Wysiłki na rzecz ateizacji społeczeństwa, podejmowane przez komunistów wschodnioniemieckich od lat czterdziestych XX w., okazały się dość skuteczne. „Wzorem dla SED […] była polityka zwalczania Kościołów metodami zaczerpniętymi z ZSRR”4 - pisał Janusz Ruszkowski. Ernst-Alfred Jauch, w latach 1965-1985 kierownik biura Katolickiej Agencji Informacyjnej (KNA) w Berlinie, wyliczał środki stosowane przez władze NRD w ramach tej walki, takie jak propaganda antyklerykalna, wychowywanie młodzieży w duchu ateistycznym, wymuszanie udziału
Źródło:
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość; 2021, 37, 1; 435-454
1427-7476
Pojawia się w:
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Forma rządu współczesnej Ukrainy: próba implementacji francuskich doświadczeń
Autorzy:
Martyniuk, Roman
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2053592.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
form of government
presidential republic
parliamentary republic
mixed republic
forma rządu
republika prezydencka
republika parlamentarna
republika mieszana
форма правления
президентская республика
парламентарная республика
смешанная республика.
Opis:
Первичной редакцией Конституции Украины была учреждена форма правления, которую можно классифицировать смешанной республиканской лишь условно. Элементы президенциализма, присущие этой форме правления, свидетельствуют о существенном искажении сущности смешанной республики. Форма правления принципиально ограничивала влияние Верховной Рады Украины на исполнительную власть и административно подчиняла ее Президенту Украины. Закрепляя главенствующую роль Президента Украины в государственном механизме, форма правления не устанавливала некоторых принципиально важных элементов смешанной республики. Несмотря на очевидное функциональное сходство формы правления с президентской республикой, она не была тождественна и ей. Эта форма правления не проявляла «жесткого» разделения властей и предусматривала институты, нетипичные для президентской республики. Поэтому установленную первичной редакцией Конституции Украины форму правления невозможно определить ни смешанной республиканской, ни президентской. Эта атипичная форма правления занимала, по сути, промежуточное положение между двумя указанными типами республики. Изменения к Конституции Украины от 8 декабря 2004 года существенно приблизили форму правления к «полноценной» смешанной республике и в целом обеспечили ее соответствие критериям парламентарно-президентской республики. Форма правления ограничивает влияние Президента Украины на исполнительную власть в пользу Верховной Рады Украины. Парламентский способ формирования Кабинета Министров Украины и его парламентская ответственность сместили центр политического тяготения к Верховной Раде Украины. Изменив механизм ответственности власти перед обществом, форма правления позволяет идентифицировать партии, чей политический курс осуществляет Правительство. Изменения к Конституции Украины от 8 декабря 2004 года устранили административное подчинение Президенту Украины Кабинета Министров Украины и обеспечили реальный дуализм исполнительной власти. В то же время, существующая форма правления проявляет ряд серьезных дефектов и наполнена рисками конституционных конфликтов. В Основном Законе механизм взаимодействия высших органов государства регламентировано фрагментарно, а их компетенционные взаимосвязи ‒ противоречиво. Как следствие, в условиях партийного противостояния форма правления существенно теряет функциональность. Построение в Украине «полноценной» смешанной республики требует конституционного закрепления в естественной для нее форме ее важнейших элементов.
The initial version of the Constitution of Ukraine established a form of government that can be classified as mixed republican only conditionally. Elements of presidentialism inherent in this form of government indicate a significant distortion of the essence of a mixed republic. The form of government fundamentally limited the influence of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on the executive branch and administratively subordinated it to the President of Ukraine. Securing the leading role of the President of Ukraine in the state mechanism, the form of government did not establish some of the fundamentally important elements of a mixed republic. Despite the obvious functional similarity of the form of government with the presidential republic, it was not identical to it. This form of government did not show a “rigid” separation of powers and anticipated the institutions that were atypical for a presidential republic. Therefore, the form of government established by the primary edition of the Constitution of Ukraine cannot be defined either as a mixed republican or presidential. This atypical form of government occupied, in fact, an intermediate position between these two types of republic. The amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine dated on December 8, 2004 brought the form of government closer to a “full-fledged” mixed republic and, on the whole, ensured its compliance with the criteria of a parliamentary-presidential republic. The form of government limits the influence of the President of Ukraine on the executive branch in favor of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. The parliamentary method of forming the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and its parliamentary responsibility have shifted the center of political attraction to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. By changing the mechanism of government accountability to society, the form of government makes it possible to identify the parties whose political course is carried out by the Government. The amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine dated on December 8, 2004 eliminated the administrative subordination of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine to the President of Ukraine and ensured a real dualism of the executive branch. At the same time, the existing form of government demonstrates a number of serious defects and it is filled with the risks of constitutional conflicts. In the Fundamental Law, the mechanism of interaction between the highest bodies of the state is regulated fragmentarily, and their competence relationships are contradictory. As a result, in conditions of party confrontation, the form of government significantly loses its functionality. The construction of a “full-fledged” mixed republic in Ukraine requires the constitutional consolidation of its most important elements in its natural form.
Pierwotna wersja Konstytucji Ukrainy ustanowiła taką formę rządu, którą tylko warunkowo można zaliczyć do republikańskiej mieszanej. Elementy prezydencjalizmu, które są nieodłącznie z tą formą rządu związane, wskazują na znaczne zniekształcenie istoty republiki mieszanej. Forma rządu zasadniczo ograniczała wpływ Rady Najwyższej Ukrainy na władzę wykonawczą i podporządkowywała ją administracyjnie Prezydentowi Ukrainy. Zapewniając wiodącą rolę Prezydenta Ukrainy w mechanizmie państwowym, forma rządu nie ustalała niektórych fundamentalnie ważnych elementów republiki mieszanej. Pomimo tego, że forma rządu jest podobna funkcjonalnie do republiki prezydenckiej, jednak nie  utożsamia się z nią. W tej formie rządu podział władzy nie był “oczywisty”, były też przewidziane instytucje, które są nietypowe dla republiki prezydenckiej. W związku z tym, forma rządu, która została ustalona w pierwotnym wydaniu Konstytucji Ukrainy nie może być określana, ani jako mieszana republikańska, ani jako prezydencka. Ta nietypowa forma rządu zajmowała w rzeczywistości  pozycję pośrednią pomiędzy dwoma rodzajami republiki. Nowelizacja Konstytucji Ukrainy od 8 grudnia 2004 r. znacznie przybliżyła formę rządu do “pełnoprawnej” republiki mieszanej i ogólnie rzecz biorąc, zapewniła jej zgodność z kryteriami republiki parlamentarno-prezydenckiej. Forma rządu ogranicza wpływ Prezydenta Ukrainy na władzę wykonawczą na korzyść Rady Najwyższej Ukrainy. Parlamentarny sposób tworzenia Gabinetu Ministrów Ukrainy i jego parlamentarna odpowiedzialność, przesunęły środek ciężkości politycznej na Radę Najwyższą Ukrainy. Zmieniając mechanizm odpowiedzialności władz wobec społeczeństwa, forma rządu pozwala dokonywać identyfikacji partii politycznych, kurs polityczny których realizuje Rząd. Nowelizacja Konstytucji Ukrainy od 8 grudnia 2004 r. zlikwidowała podporządkowanie administracyjne Gabinetu Ministrów Ukrainy Prezydentowi Ukrainy i zapewniła rzeczywisty dualizm władzy wykonawczej. Jednocześnie forma rządu, która istnieje na ten czas na Ukrainie, ujawnia szereg poważnych defektów i jest przepełniona ryzykiem konfliktów konstytucyjnych. W Ustawie Zasadniczej, mechanizm interakcji pomiędzy najwyższymi rządami państwa jest uregulowany fragmentarycznie, a ich relacje kompetencyjne są sprzeczne. W wyniku tego, w warunkach konfrontacji partyjnej forma rządu znacznie traci swoją funkcjonalność. Budowa „pełnoprawnej” republiki mieszanej na Ukrainie wymaga konstytucyjnego utrwalenia jej najważniejszych elementów, które właściwe jej z natury.
Źródło:
Wschód Europy. Studia humanistyczno-społeczne; 2021, 7, 2; 61-76
2450-4866
Pojawia się w:
Wschód Europy. Studia humanistyczno-społeczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Social privileges in the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Grata, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1683779.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-09
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
social privilege
social security
health care
social care
the Second Polish Republic
Opis:
The Second Polish Republic developed an advanced and, in many ways, modern system of social care; however, the services which the citizens were entitled to seemed to be privileges available only to a small part of the population. The origins of this situation are to be found in the specific social and occupational structure of the population, low industrialization rate and the modest financial capabilities of the state and local governments. These resulted in a limited number of people with access to social insurances, a limited scope of public health care, a selective nature of access to unemployment insurance or radical differences in access to social care. And it is this unavailability of the social offer which determines the consideration of those benefits in Poland as privileges rather than commonly available rights of the Polish citizens.
Źródło:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae; 2015, 33; 19-36
0081-6485
Pojawia się w:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Competences of Public Administration of the Slovak Republic in the Area of Defense
Autorzy:
Szynowski, Ryszard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1374830.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
Slovak Republic
public administration
defense competences
Opis:
In one of the many definitions of public administration it was stated that it is the fulfillment of individual and collective needs of citizens, resulting from the co-existence of people in society, realized by the state and its dependent organs. One of the needs of an individual is the need for safety. Ensuring the safety of citizens is realized by the public administration, due to its service to the society as an executive apparatus possessing a democratic mandate of political power, in service of the law created by said organs. A particular role in the area of defence belongs to authoritative administration, which performs tasks including reversing risks and removing dangers, including the realization of tasks and undertakings aimed at military preparation in case of war. The aim of the following article is to present the tasks and competences in the area of protecting the President, the government, government administration officials on duty and local self-administration of the Slovak Republic. Various methods have been used to reach the pre-determined goal, primarily the method of document investigation, which made it possible to gather, sort, describe and scientifically interpret the legal acts of the Slovak Republic regarding defensive matters.
Źródło:
Internal Security; 2019, 11(2); 151-165
2080-5268
Pojawia się w:
Internal Security
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dispute over the Powers of the President of the Czech Republic
Autorzy:
Czyżniewski, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2020138.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Czech Republic
political system
Constitution
executive power
presidential powers
Opis:
This article aims to analyze disputes and discussions on the powers of the President of the Republic, which have been happening since the establishment of the Czech Republic in 1993. These occurred when the President tried to interpret the provisions of the Constitution, took actions beyond their framework, or considered that his powers did not impose an obligation to act automatically. The disputes over the President’s powers were, therefore, not the result of theoretical discussions on the constitutional order of the Czech Republic, but were the result of the President’s involvement in the political life of the country, and above all, the decisions that did not correspond to the opinions and actions of the government. Disputes did not have an impact on a permanent change in the constitutional order. For example, there was no reason for an amendment to the Constitution that would extend, restrict, or clarify those powers.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2021, 4 (50); 81-92
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Trends in anti-Semitism in the Czech Republic 2004-2014
Autorzy:
Taterová, Eva
Urbaníková, Marcela
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/957866.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
Tematy:
anti-Semitism
Czech Republic
Israel
Jews
radicalism
Opis:
This paper aims to introduce the current trends in anti-Semitism in the Czech Republic in 2004-2014. This period maps the changes that appeared since the end of Second Palestinian intifada to the year 2014 which is the last year with available set of data of anti-Semitism in Czech society. The article shall examine whether there is a direct link between the contemporary important events in the Middle East and the changing number of anti-Semitic incidents in the Czech Republic. The attention shall also be given to the issue which groups of Czech society are mostly associated with anti-Semitism and what is their main motivation to participate in the anti-Semitic campaign.
Źródło:
Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2016, 7, 2; 355-363
2081-1640
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Education Culture and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Watchmen or Guards? The Prison Guard in the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Rodak, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601723.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
Prison Guard
prisons
Second Polish Republic
penology
criminals
Polska
Opis:
The officer core of the Prison Guard (Straż Więzienna, SW), a formation established only as late as 1932, emerged from the narrow circle of persons associated with the Prison Section, which emerged in 1918. Its membership consisted of a small cadre of Polish guards who had gained experience in prisons controlled by the occupying powers. Unless they had worked in prisons before 1918, the rank-andfile of the SW consisted of demobilised and/or retired soldiers as well as of would-be or ex-policemen. ‘Street people’ in many cases, they treated the work as temporary or took it up as an easy job. The reality they faced on the other side of the wall quickly verified their convictions about the task they had accepted. As a result, the ranks of the SW were given to heavy rotation, evident up to 1939. Employees of the interwar prison system did not enjoy much public regard; for some, leaving the army to become a prison guard felt like social degradation. Aside from a few minor exceptions – such as prison breaks, stories of convict abuse – this peculiar group of workers was generally absent from the public narrative of the re-established state. Naturally, its problems were debated among experts, but these debates did not seep into the press as often as those concerning the police. For many years after 1918, the SW continued to be perceived through the nineteenthcentury image of the guard as watchman, a personification of the oppressive partition governments. SW functionaries associated with the labour union established in 1932 as well as the Przegląd Więziennictwa Polskiego (Polish Penal Review) magazine took up the daunting task of improving that image.The article provides an analysis of their efforts, attempting a response whether their goals were achieved, at least to a degree. My focus is on the public perception of the formation, while I also try to establish whether its foundation and development was perceived as a success (as was the case, for instance, with the police). My interests, however, are not limited to the media and public image of the SW corps, but also include the conditions under which its members laboured. In this context, I am particularly interested in the realities of the prison corridor; in the article, I attempt to describe the tenor of the relations between guards and prisoners in contemporary prisons (especially the prevailing aggression). Finally, I pursue a reconstruction of the image/s of the SW created by convicts, with particular focus on the significance of the change associated with the year 1918.My analysis leads to somewhat pessimistic conclusions. The major changes involved in the professionalization of the cadres and partial implementation of the prison reform that also affected the SW do not appear to have been satisfactory. Attempts to dismantle stereotypes of the guards could only achieve limited success, and the SW remained a formation of thoroughly dubious quality.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Historica; 2018, 118
0001-6829
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Gagauz Republic: Internal Dynamics of De Facto Statehood
Autorzy:
Kosienkowski, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/647904.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
the Gagauz Republic
Gagauzia
de facto state
state-building
nation-building
Opis:
The post-Soviet area is a home for a several de facto states, which are entities that resemble "normal" states but lack international recognition. This paper examines a historical and under-researched case study of the Gagauz Republic (Gagauzia), a de facto state that existed within Moldova between 1990 and 1995. Drawing on a new suite of sources – interviews, memoirs and journalism – it analyses the territorial, military, political, and socio-economic dimensions of the Gagauz de facto statehood, tracing how the Gagauz authorities proceeded in consolidating Gagauzia’s statehood through processes of state- and nation-building. This study concludes that the Gagauz leadership was moderately successful in its activities.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia; 2017, 24, 1
1428-9512
2300-7567
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Naked eye: the Belarusian press of the Second Polish Republic in egodocuments
Autorzy:
Sluka, Nadzeya
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/472280.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-04-19
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Dziennikarstwa, Informacji i Bibliologii
Tematy:
Second Polish Republic
Western Belarus
Belarusian press
egodocuments
Opis:
The article deals with the particular kind of documentary sources for the history of the Belarusians in the Second Polish Republic – memoirs and diaries. The memoirs of Liudvika Vojcik, Janka Bagdanowič, Marjan Pieciukievič, and also the diaries of Maksim Tank and Piotr Siaŭruk are reviewed. The article concludes that personal writings provide unique information about the Belarusian national movement and the Belarusian press that can be applied in further historical research.
Źródło:
Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi; 2019, Tom specjalny: Dla Niepodległej / Special Issue: For an Independent Poland; 435-444
1897-0788
2544-8730
Pojawia się w:
Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Senat Republiki Czeskiej
Autorzy:
Krzysztof, Skotnicki,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/894924.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-03-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
bikameralizm (asymetryczny)
druga izba
Parlament Republiki Czeskiej
Republika Czeska
Senat Republiki Czeskiej
bicameralism (asymmetrical)
the second chamber
the Parliament of the Czech Republic
the Czech Republic
the Senate of the Czech Republic
Opis:
The article analyses the institution of the Senate as one of the chambers of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The asymmetrical bicameralism conception adopted in 1992 refers to the solution of the Constitution of 1920. The internal organisation and the manner of work as well as the parliamentary mandate are typical for a democratic state. The basic function of the Senate is legislation, but the final decisions belong to the Chamber of Deputies. The equalisation of the position of both chambers is an exception. The second chamber does not have a control function, and the creative function is symbolic. The Senate has become established in the system of state organs. Artykuł analizuje instytucję Senatu jako jednej z izb Parlamentu Republiki Czeskiej. Przyjęta w 1992 r. konstrukcja bikameralizmu asymetrycznego nawiązuje do rozwiązania z Konstytucji 1920 r. Organizacja wewnętrzna i tryb pracy oraz mandat parlamentarny są typowe dla demokratycznego państwa. Podstawową funkcją Senatu jest ustawodawstwo, jednak ostateczne decyzje należą do Izby Poselskiej. Zrównanie pozycji obu izb jest wyjątkiem. Druga izba nie pełni funkcji kontrolnej, a jej funkcja kreacyjna jest symboliczna. Senat utrwalił się w systemie organów państwa
Źródło:
Przegląd Europejski; 2018, 2; 159-174
1641-2478
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Europejski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Russian minority and the security of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Autorzy:
Pachucki-Włosek, Krystian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2152182.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
Russian minority
danger
counteraction
Republic of Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Opis:
This article examines the dangers posed by the presence of a large Russian minority in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The detailed analysis of the situation in the period from 1991 to 2021 has made it possible to identify not only the dangers, but also the ways in which the Kremlin takes advantage of this issue to exert major pressure on Kazakhstan’s political decision makers to promote Russia’s vital interests. The paper looks at the measures taken by the authorities in Nur-Sultan, the main purpose of which is to limit Russian influence in the republic, as well as the negative impact of the adopted mechanisms on the growth of participation of ethnic Kazakhs in the socio-political life of the state.
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka; 2022, XLVI, 1; 67-80
1899-6264
2451-0718
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Water scarcity: regional analyses in the Czech Republic from 2014 to 2018
Autorzy:
Hejduková, Pavlína
Kureková, Lucie
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19233499.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
water scarcity
regional analyses
Czech Republic
sustainability
Opis:
Research background: Water is a scarce natural resource essential for life and also many economic activities. Scarcity of drinking water is a problem that is ad-dressed at national and international levels. Global water demand continues to rise, but the quantity and quality of water resources is declining in many regions. Recent surveys of the population of the Czech Republic show that the most serious global problems are waste accumulation, water pollution, lack of drinking water and air pollution. Average temperatures continue to rise across Europe due to climate change and water is expected to become increasingly scarce in many areas. An adequate supply of good-quality water is a pre-requisite for economic and social development, and thus it is necessary to learn to save water and better manage our available resources in this area. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this study was to investigate to what degree environmental problems - especially the issue of drinking water scarcity - have been evaluated in the Czech Republic from 2014 to 2018 and whether the fear of a lack of drinking water has motivated water conservation. Methods: A regional analysis of water availability in the Czech Republic and the possible causes of water scarcity has been carried out. Subsequently, selected socio-economic factors that could have an impact on the assessment of drinking water scarcity are analyzed using Gamma and Kendall's Tau and logistic regression. The analyzed time period is from 2014 to 2018. Microdata was taken from the Centre for Research of Public Opinion, and selected regional-level statistics from the Czech Statistical Office have been added to this data to supplement it. Findings & Value added: The perception of drinking water shortages is not only influenced by indicators representing the volume and price of water in each region, but can also be determined by other socio-economic factors such as income, gender, age and education.
Źródło:
Oeconomia Copernicana; 2020, 11, 1; 161-181
2083-1277
Pojawia się w:
Oeconomia Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Recent population development of very small municipalities in the Czech Republic
Autorzy:
Lešková, Andrea
Vaishar, Antonín
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1051244.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
very small municipalities
population development
aging
Czech Republic
Opis:
The problem of municipalities under 200 inhabitants is discussed. There are 1,500 such municipalities (24%) in the Czech Republic. Many of them came to existence after 1989 when the independence of communes was considered part of the democratisation process regardless of the population number. This paper aims at a statistical evaluation of municipalities with fewer than 200 inhabitants and presents their geographical distribution, demographic development and analysis of their aging. In general, 70% of these very small municipalities have been growing since 2001. The smallest of them have the highest percentage of the population decline and are the most endangered by aging. Very small municipalities with the highest population growth are situated mainly in the vicinity of larger towns, the ones with the highest population decline are located mainly in peripheral areas at the border of regions.
Źródło:
Quaestiones Geographicae; 2019, 38, 4; 63-76
0137-477X
2081-6383
Pojawia się w:
Quaestiones Geographicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czechs’ and Slovaks’ Approaches to the Eurozone Two Decades after the Czechoslovakian Divorce
Autorzy:
Riedel, Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/419567.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Czech Republic
Slovak Republic
monetary integration
European Union
Opis:
This paper attempts to identify the differentiated approaches of the Czechs and Slovaks in relation to monetary integration (the EMU) in Europe. It includes analysis of the key strategic documents programming the countries’ position in and towards the Eurozone, the presentation of selected economic parameters, as well as public opinion surveys on the issue, which divides not only Prague and Bratislava but the whole Central European region. As a result it shows the diversifi ed picture of the two member states’ approaches towards the Eurozone. Comparing the Czech and Slovak cases enables to observe two individual trajectories that launched in 1993. If not the Czech-Slovak divorce, both of the economies would be outside or inside of the Euro-club.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Polish European Studies; 2015, 18; 193-210
1428-1503
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Polish European Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Women in Polish banking during the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Leszczyńska, Cecylia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1390661.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
the Second Polish Republic
Polish banking
women activity
women in Polish banking
Opis:
This paper aims to analyse the employment of women in banking during the Second Polish Republic (i.e. interwar Poland). The banking sector was small in terms of employment. The number of people associated with this sector was 18.1 thousand in 1921 and 31.2 thousand in 1931, which accounted for 0.5-0.6% of all professionally active workers outside the agricultural sector. The banking community was dominated by men, the number of women working in banks was about 6.1 thousand in 1921 and 8.5 thousand in 1931 (30% of all human resources). This paper presents the nature of jobs performed by women, their positions and earnings. The presentation takes a number of forms: according to bank types, groups of voivodeships, size of the town and according to headquarters and branches. In all cases, the activities and earnings of women and men were compared.
Źródło:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae; 2019, 37; 93-115
0081-6485
Pojawia się w:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Retirement privileges of civil servants in the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Jarosz-Nojszewska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1683716.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-09
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Second Polish Republic
pensions
civil service
pension cover
social insurance
Opis:
During the times of the Second Polish Republic the civil servants, teachers, the military, postal and railway workers were not covered by the universal social insurance, because before the social insurance act came into force, they were covered by pension systems guaranteeing more advantageous benefits. Persons working in state administration had a privileged position compared to the employees in general, both in terms of the scope and level of the benefits and their entire coverage by the State. The level of the pensions depended on the years of service and after 10 years of service amounted to 40% and was increasing every year by 2.4% or 3% up to 100%. The civil servants acquired the right to the pension already after 10 years and as of 1934 after 15 years of civil or military service. In special cases they were entitled to pension after 5 years already.
Źródło:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae; 2015, 33; 55-68
0081-6485
Pojawia się w:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Society of the Second Republic of Poland Revisited: The Nationality Issues
Autorzy:
Mędrzecki, Włodzimierz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601741.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
Second Republic (of Poland)
ethnic relations
national identity
localness
Opis:
This article presents the main goals and the programme of ‘The Society of the Second Republic of Poland: An attempt at a new synthetic approach’, a research project pursued in the Institute of History, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw. A conference discussing the ways in which national and ethnic factors informed the interwar Polish society, held most recently (in 2012) as part of the project, is discussed in some detail. The article introduces the papers first delivered at the conference and now published in the present issue of Acta Poloniae Historica.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Historica; 2014, 109
0001-6829
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparison of the cleavages development in the Czech Republic and Poland after 1989
Autorzy:
Ticha, Karolina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514453.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych
Tematy:
Czech Republic party system
Poland party system
cleavages
Opis:
The aim of the article is to identify cleavages that have been in Czech and Polish party system located since 1989. These cleavages are compared to determine the hierarchy and degree of their importance. It is also demonstrated the effort to determine the potential future development of the cleavages in these two countries. In this article as key for the formation of cleavages are considered elections to the lower houses of parliament. Elections to the upper houses of parliament and European elections are not relevant for the purpose of this work, because they are considered as second-order elections, thus they have no direct impact on the formation of cleavages.
Źródło:
Political Preferences; 2013, 4; 77-88
2449-9064
Pojawia się w:
Political Preferences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Political System of the Republic of Turkey, Past and Present
Autorzy:
Marszałek-Kawa, Joanna
Burak, Ahmet
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/616788.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Republic of Turkey
constitution
amendments
presidential system
Opis:
The first constitution of the Ottoman-Turkish Empire was adopted in 1876 – the Kânûn-ı Esâsî (Eng. Fundamental Law). In its history, Turkey has had four constitutions. They were adopted in 1921, 1924, 1961, and 1982, with the latter being presently in force. Nowadays, the creation of a new constitution is the main issue on Turkey’s political agenda. The government of Turkey and Mr. Recep Tayyip Erdogan want to amend the constitution, and envisage creating an executive presidential system (Tur. Başkanlık sistemi), similar to that of the Russian Federation and the United States. Critics are concerned about what Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s motivation may be. This article analyzes the historical roots of the constitution, its amendments, the presidential system in Turkey and the arguments of the Republican People’s Party (CHP) and Peoples’ Democratic Party (HDP) against the adoption of a presidential system. The key issues that the authors address are the changes that could be made under Turkey’s new constitution and whether all political power would be concentrated in president’s hands.
Źródło:
Przegląd Politologiczny; 2018, 3; 95-108
1426-8876
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Politologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Household Consumption in the Czech Republic: From Shopping Queues to Consumer Society
Autorzy:
Večerník, Jiří
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929491.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-06-19
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
household consumption
consumer society
consumerism
income differentiation
Czech Republic
Opis:
This article gathers a variety of evidence demonstrating the rapid development of household consumption in the Czech Republic during the post-1989 period. In the first section, the basic features of household consumption under the communist regime are described. In the second section, the transition to a market economy and its likely positive impact on the economic conditions and behaviour of households is discussed. In the third section, post-1989 changes in patterns of family expenditures are documented and compared with several other EU countries. In the fourth section, a critical assessment of the development of Czech consumer culture with its agencies and clients is placed in the context of broader debates about the meaning of mass consumerism. Both the positive and negative features of booming consumption are summarised in the conclusion.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2008, 162, 2; 153-174
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
NATURA 2000 and its impact on forestry in the Czech Republic
Autorzy:
Zahradnik, P.
Gerakova, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38475.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
forestry
Czech Republic
Nature 2000 network
nature conservation
Źródło:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2010, 52, 2
0071-6677
Pojawia się w:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prokuratura w państwach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej – historia, uwagi prawnoporównawcze, współpraca
Prosecutor’s Office in the Visegrad Group Countries – History, Comparative Legal Remarks, Cooperation
Autorzy:
Kosior, Wojciech J.
Żarna, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2162177.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Republika Słowacka
Republika Węgierska
Republika Czeska
Rzeczpospolita Polska
Grupa Wyszehradzka
prokuratura
Slovak Republic
Republic of Hungary
Czech Republic
Republic of Poland
Visegrád Group
public prosecutor’s offfice
Opis:
The public prosecutor’s office is one of the most important state organs responsible for upholding the rule of law and prosecuting crimes. The efficient functioning of the office is one of the guarantees of the implementation of a democratic state ruled by law. After 1989, in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, after independence from Soviet influence, the prosecution authorities began to reform, trying to adapt to the new conditions. The exchange of mutual experiences in this area has a special form in the case of Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, i.e. the countries making up the so-called Visegrad Group, within which the prosecutors general meet each year to deepen cooperation. The purpose of this article is to present the principles of the functioning of the prosecutor’s office in the V4 countries and to compare them also from a historical perspective.
Prokuratura należy do jednych z najważniejszych organów państwa, do zadań którego należy stanie na straży praworządności oraz ściganie przestępstw. Sprawne funkcjonowanie prokuratury jest jedną z gwarancji realizacji demokratycznego państwa prawnego. Po 1989 r., w państwach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej po uniezależnieniu się od wpływów sowieckich zaczęto reformować organy prokuratury starając się dostosować je do nowych warunków. Wymiana wzajemnych doświadczeń w tym zakresie przybrała szczególną postać w przypadku Polski, Węgier, Słowacji i Czech, to jest państw tworzących tak zwaną Grupę Wyszehradzką, w ramach której dochodzi do corocznych spotkań prokuratorów generalnych. Spotkania te mają na celu pogłębienie współpracy w ramach państw grupy. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przybliżenie zasad funkcjonowania prokuratury w państwach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej i dokonanie ich porównania także w ujęciu historycznym.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2022, 6(70); 63-75
2082-1212
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Legal and political implications The Republic of Philippines. The Republic of Philippines v. The Peoples Republic of China. 2016 case
Autorzy:
Gruszczyński, Krzysztof Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2157847.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
Permanent Court of Arbitration
arbitration
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
China
US
Opis:
The article analyzes The Philippines v. China arbitration case and its geopolitical implications for further bilateral relations between USA and China. Additionally, it examines the viewpoints of Chinese leaders. Term arbitration refers to a process in which a party submits a “dispute” to an unbiased, independent third party. Its main goal is to settle and conclude the disputes presented. The Permanent Court of Arbitration is an intergovernmental organization established in 1899 that designates arbitral tribunals to resolve disputes between and among nations. It is based in The Hague, Netherlands, and currently presides over the arbitration case. Philippines brought the case before the tribunal to dispute China’s claim of “indisputable sovereignty” over almost the entire South China sea through its “nine-dash line” claim. The five arbitrators were assigned to the Judge Thomas A. Mensah (President), Judge Jean-Pierre Cot, Judge Stanislaw Pawlak, Professor Alfred H. Soons, and Judge Rüdiger Wolfrum. It will be argued that China has had a bad relationship with all neighbors since 1974, when China used force against South Vietnam in the South China Sea in order to recapture the Paracel Islands and against a unified Vietnam in 1988 to seize Johnson Reef and five more features, massacring a party of Vietnamese flag-bearers. In 1994, China seized Mischief Reef unobserved and it took months before the world noticed. Until then, China was the only claimant to have no permanent presence in the area. There are already clear signs that China is using its military power to rebuke the arbitration. Admiral Wu Shengli, the Commander of the Chinese navy, just hosted the US Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral John Richardson, at the Chinese Navy Headquarters on July 18 2016, following the successful participation of Chinese warships in the major US RIMPAC exercise in the Pacific. He made clear that the militarization of China’s artificial islands will continue so that their defense corresponds to the “level of threats”. After a PLA Air Force patrol close to Scarborough Shoal made the headlines of most Chinese newspapers yesterday, a military spokesman announced that air patrols would become a regular occurrence now. The Tribunal issued its Award on July 16 2016 after several months of hearings and submission of documents. China was absent throughout the proceedings, refusing to recognize the case. The Tribunal concluded that there was no legal basis for China to claim historic rights to resources within the sea areas falling within the ‘nine-dash line The Spratly Islands and its many reefs are being claimed by China under its “nine-dash line” claim that covers nearly the entire South China Sea including parts of the Philippines’ Exclusive Economic Zone (hereafter referred to as EEZ). China insisted it has historic rights in asserting its ownership of the region believed to be rich in natural gas resources and also a vital trade route for international cargo ships The 2012 Scarborough Shoal standoff was one of the factors that prompted the Philippines to file a case against China. Tensions between the two countries escalated when Chinese surveillance ships prevented Philippine authorities from apprehending Chinese vessels found poaching endangered Philippine marine species at the shoal. The dispute over maritime features in the South China Sea has been ongoing for decades prior and involved other Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia. On January 23, 2013, the Philippine government (hereafter referred to as Manila) announced that it had initiated an arbitration case against the People’s Republic of China in accordance with the dispute settlement provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea concerning a range of issues relevant to the ongoing sovereignty dispute in the South China Sea between the two nations.Manila’s case was submitted for arbitration to a five-judge panel formed under the “Settlement of Disputes” process contained in Part XV of UNCLOS and hosted by the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) in The Hague. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea is an international treaty that defines the limits of a nation’s maritime sovereignty claims. This convention was ratified by both the Philippines and China. Under its provisions, areas within 200 nm from the country’s baselines would be part of the EEZ. UNCLOS states three basic maritime features: Islands under the sovereignty of a country are entitled to a 12 nm (approximately 22 kilometers) territorial sea and a 200 nm (approximately 370 km) exclusive economic zone (EEZ). The state may exclude foreign entities within its territorial sea and has the sole right to exploit resources found within the EEZ Since the initiation of the arbitration case, China has conducted several massive reclamation projects to turn submerged reefs into artificial islands capable of hosting military structures and equipment. The conclusion offers general thoughts on the larger implications of the findings for the management of maritime disputes involving China and especially U. S.-China security relations.
Źródło:
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne; 2016, 4(23); 45-65
1898-0171
Pojawia się w:
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A century of Polish economic policy
Sto lat polskiej polityki gospodarczej
Autorzy:
Morawski, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/629967.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
economic policy
the Second Polish Republic
the Polish People’s Republic
economics
the Third Polish Republic
Druga Rzeczpospolita
Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa
polityka gospodarcza
ekonomia
Trzecia Rzeczpospolita
Opis:
Polityka gospodarcza rządu polskiego przechodziła różne fazy, które jednak generalnie można podzielić na dwie grupy. Do pierwszej należały te, kiedy polityka polska mieściła się w głównym nurcie przemian światowych. Do drugiej te, kiedy władze polskie stawiały na alternatywne wobec mainstreamu rozwiązania, ulegając pokusie „pójścia na skróty”. Generalnie można powiedzieć, że pierwsze przyczyniały się do rozwoju kraju, a drugie sprowadzały jego rozwój na manowce, izolując od gospodarki światowej. Do pierwszej grupy można zaliczyć cały okres międzywojenny, łącznie z latami 30., kiedy to tendencje autarkiczne były właśnie mainstreamowe, lata 1944–1947 i lata 1989–2015.
The economic policy of Polish governments changed but can be broadly divided into two groups. The first encompassed periods when Polish policy belonged to a widelydefined world mainstream. The second – those when Polish governments attempted alternatives to the mainstream, looking for various ways of “taking a shortcut”. In general, the first group helped economic development, the second hindered it, isolating the country from the world economy. The first group included the entire interwar period, when autarchic tendencies were mainstream, as well as the years 1944–1947 and 1989–2015.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace; 2018, 3 (35); 11-33
2082-0976
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lies and Fabrications. The Cognitive Potential of Pseudos in Plato’s Republic
Autorzy:
Zygmuntowicz, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/665203.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
Plato’s Republic, Thrasymachus’s thesis, “noble lie,” ideological falsehood
Opis:
In this article, I pose the question of what the role of the pseudos theme is in the entire argument of the Republic, which is motivated by a challenge from Thrasymachus, who defined justice as “the advantage of the stronger/ruler.” How can the “beautiful polis” (Kallipolis), based on a “noble falshood” addressed to its rulers in particular, be a good counterargument to the realist Thrasymachus? I show that Plato, wanting to prove that Thrasymachus’s thesis is too narrow and only seemingly realistic description of political reality, explicitly uses the same tool that implicitly lies at the root of the worldview expressed in the rhetorician’s thesis: ideological falsehood. He opposes the ugly ideology (the advantage of the stronger) with a “noble falsehood” (the dogma of love), since falsehood as such is an indispensable structural element of the polis itself, resulting from the weakness of the faculty of reason proper to the human condition. The pseudos theme has a dual function in the Republic: heuristic and structural. First, Plato exposes the implicit ideological falsehood underlying Thrasymachus’s realistic thesis using a falsehood that he [Plato] himself has explicitly proposed. Second, he presents falsehood as a component of the political, which compensates for human ignorance and exploits human susceptibility to normative and cultural implementations.
Źródło:
Folia Philosophica; 2019, 42, 2; 47-90
1231-0913
2353-9445
Pojawia się w:
Folia Philosophica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Czech Republic through the eyes of Ukrainians
Autorzy:
Kobzová, Pavlína
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1956070.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Ukraińcy
Republika Czeska
kultura
edukacja
edukacja międzykulturowa
Ukrainians
Czech Republic
culture
education
intercultural education
Opis:
W artykule zaprezentowano perspektywę Ukraińców mieszkających w Republice Czeskiej dotyczącą wybranych aspektów życia. Celem podjętych badań było ustalenie, jak Ukraińcy postrzegają życie w Republice Czeskiej, czeską kulturę i edukację, oraz co dostrzegają jako różnice i podobieństwa w obu kulturach i sposobach edukacji. Zwrócono uwagę, że badanie dotyczy subiektywnych doświadczeń, postaw i opinii indywidualnych respondentów. Dlatego, nie reprezentuje ono całej ukraińskiej mniejszości narodowej żyjącej w Republice Czeskiej. Grupa badana składała się z dwóch grup respondentów o następującym składzie: pierwsza zawierała 8 respondentów Ukraińców na stałe mieszkających w Czechach ponad 10 lat, w drugiej grupie – wywiad przeprowadzono wśród 7 ukraińskich studentów, uczących się w Czechach, oraz wśród ich rodziców. W badaniu zastosowano podejście jakościowe, a dokładnie metodę półustrukturyzowanego wywiadu z respondentami. Analizę uzyskanych danych przeprowadzono za pomocą otwartego, a potem osiowego i selektywnego kodowania.
In the paper, the perspective is presented of Ukrainians living in the Czech Republic on the selected aspects of local life. The research goal is to find out how the Ukrainians perceive life in the Czech Republic, Czech culture and education and what they see as differences and similarities of both cultures and ways of education. It is pointed out that the research includes the subjective experience, attitudes and opinions of individual respondents. Therefore, it does not represent the entire Ukrainian national minority living in the Czech Republic. The research sample consisted of two groups of respondents who had the following composition: the first group included eight respondents who were Ukrainians with permanent residence in the Czech Republic, living in the Czech Republic for more than ten years; in the second group, seven Ukrainian learners were interviewed, who were educated in schools in the Czech Republic, and their parents. In the research, a qualitative design was chosen, namely the method of semi-structured interview with respondents. The analysis of the obtained data was performed by open and then axial and selective coding.
Źródło:
Edukacja Międzykulturowa; 2019, 10, 1; 114-125
2299-4106
Pojawia się w:
Edukacja Międzykulturowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Convective environment and development of a tornadic supercell in the Czech Republic on 24 June 2021
Autorzy:
Sulik, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2058415.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
tornado
supercell
severe weather
Czech Republic
Opis:
This study documents the atmospheric conditions and the development of a tornadic supercell in the Czech Republic, which occurred on the early evening on 24 June 2021. I used the data from the ERA5-reanalysis, vertical atmospheric sounding, synoptic map, and a Sentinel-2 satellite image to determinate the tornado route. As a result of the analysis, it can be concluded that the development of this tornadic supercell was caused by high CAPE values, amounting to around 5,000 J·kg-1, 0-6 km AGL wind shear 30 m·s-1, storm-relative helicity with values of 150 m2·s-2 and a wavy atmospheric front. The tornado occurred around 19:30 local time (1730 UTC) in the town Hrušky and moved north-east, reaching the town Hodonín. Based on satellite image derived from Sentinel-2, the widest point of the tornado reached 70 meters; it traveled a distance of about 20 kilometers and had a force of EF3/T5 on the Fujita/TORRO scale. As a result of this event, 6 people lost their lives, 200 people were seriously injured, and hundreds of buildings and cars were destroyed. Further studies on strong thunderstorm incidents in Europe are necessary for their better understanding and prediction.
Źródło:
Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications; 2022, 10, 1; 60--72
2299-3835
2353-5652
Pojawia się w:
Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
New Italian Migration in the People’s Republic of China
Autorzy:
Chirivì, Marianna
Moffa, Grazia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2079467.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-07-30
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
People’s Republic of China
expat
skilled migration
new migrations
Opis:
In the panorama of international migration statistics, there is a progressive growth of registrations of Italian citizens residing abroad. In particular, the steady increase in consular registrations based in the People’s Republic of China is striking. The expression “new emigrations” is an increasingly recurrent among scholars to highlight the quantitative and qualitative changes that have characterised Italian emigration abroad in recent years. The choice to emigrate depends on many factors, the very definition of new emigration calls into question aspects of the debate that imply a careful evaluation of the different components that characterize its profile. Which dimensions, above others, act on the choice to emigrate? Which aspects characterize the profile of Italians who decide to undertake an emigration experience in the People’s Republic of China, albeit temporary? New Italian migration in Shanghai is a Skilled Migration? In this article, we will focus on some results of a qualitative research conducted on the new Italian emigration to China1. More precisely, in the following pages we try to bring out which dimensions act in the choice to emigrate and which aspects characterize the profile of Italians who decide to emigrate to Shanghai.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2022, 13, 26; 47-59
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Instytucja Prezydenta IV Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
The Institution of the President of the Fourth Republic of Poland
Autorzy:
Koziełło, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26850667.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-10-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
IV Rzeczpospolita Polska
ustrój polityczny
Prezydent RP
konstytucja
The Fourth Republic of Poland
political system
constitution
President of the Republic of Poland
Opis:
The article is a presentation of concepts concerning the institution of the President of the Republic of Poland in the system of the Fourth Republic, promoted by Law and Justice and the League of Polish Families. Both groups took the position that the president should be made the most important person in the state, with influence over all areas of political life. The president would have the right to determine with the government the main directions of state policy, direct the work of the government according to his will, influence the legislative process so that it proceeds in accordance with his expectations, and control the judiciary. It was believed that this would make the head of state, coming from one party or the other, more effective in implementing the vision of the Fourth Republic.
Artykuł stanowi przedstawienie koncepcji dotyczących instytucji Prezydenta RP w ustroju IV Rzeczypospolitej, propagowanych przez Prawo i Sprawiedliwość oraz Ligę Polskich Rodzin. Oba ugrupowania stały na stanowisku, że należy uczynić z prezydenta najważniejszą osobę w państwie, mającą wpływ na wszystkie dziedziny życia politycznego. Prezydent miałby prawo ustalać wraz z Radą Ministrów główne kierunki polityki państwa, kierować pracami Rady Ministrów zgodnie ze swoją wolą, wpływać na proces ustawodawczy, aby przebiegał zgodnie z jego oczekiwaniami oraz kontrolować władzę sądowniczą. Uważano, że dzięki temu głowa państwa, wywodząca się z jednej lub drugiej partii, będzie bardziej skuteczna we wprowadzaniu w życie wizji IV Rzeczpospolitej.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2023, 5(75); 285-298
2082-1212
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Federal Republic of Germany – Second German Democratic State
ФЕДЕРАТИВНА РЕСПУБЛІКА НІМЕЧЧИНА – ДРУГА НІМЕЦЬКА ДЕМОКРАТИЧНА ДЕРЖАВА
Autorzy:
Kudryachenko, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/894349.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Institute of World History
Tematy:
Federal Republic of Germany, republic, federal system, rights and freedoms, democratic state
Федеративна Республіка Німеччина, республіка, федеративний устрій, права і свободи, демократична держава
Opis:
У статті розкриваються основні етапи досвіду сучасної Німеччини у побудові парламентської демократії. Автором охарактеризовано історичний поступ німецької держави на шляху до формування демократичних засад, що лягли в основу сучасного суспільства. Розглянуто три німецькі конституції 1871, 1919 та 1949 рр., які створили собою базис для розвитку післявоєнної федеративної держави. Особливу увагу сфокусовано на трансформації трьох західних окупаційних зон Німеччини у Федеративну Республіку Німеччина та розробці Основного закону, який спочатку розглядався як тимчасова конституція. Автор зупинив свою увагу і на зовнішніх чинниках, які істотно вплинули на трансформацію пост-нацистської Німеччини та на формування Основного закону. Історична ретроспектива формування другої німецької демократичної держави представлена у широкому міжнародному контексті.
The article describes the main stages of modern Germany’s experience in building of the parliamentary democracy. The author defines the historical progress of the German state on the wayto the formation of democratic foundations that created the basis of modern society. Three German constitutions of 1871, 1919 and 1949 were considered, they formed the basis for the development of apostwar federal state. Particular attention is focused on the transformation of the three western occupation zones of Germany into the Federal Republic of Germany and the development of the BasicLaw, which was initially regarded as temporary constitution. The author also drew attention to external factors that significantly influenced the transformation of post-Nazi Germany and theformation of the Basic Law. The historical retrospective of the formation of the second German democratic state is presented in a broad international context.
Źródło:
Проблеми всесвітньої історії; 2019, 8; 140-158
2707-6776
Pojawia się w:
Проблеми всесвітньої історії
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
POLACY W BIAŁORUSKIEJ SOCJALISTYCZNEJ REPUBLICE SOWIECKIEJ 1986–1991. WYBRANE ASPEKTY1
POLES IN THE BELORUSSIAN SOCIALIST SOVIET REPUBLIC IN 1986–1991. SELECTED ISSUES
Autorzy:
Gawin, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/513166.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
Poles in Belarus
international relations
Polish People’s Republic (PRL)
USRR
Third Polish Republic (III RP)
Opis:
The article is an attempt at presenting the ways in which the Polish People’s Repub-lic’s and the Third Polish Republic’s authorities took advantage of the Gorbatschev’s perestroika in the USSR as well as of the new intellectual currents in Poland to help the Poles in the USSR to pursue their national revival. The text is based on archival documents (mainly from Archiwum Akt Nowych, zespół Wydział Zagraniczny Komitetu Centralnego PZPR) as well as an analysis of the most recent publications concerning the issue. The article first aims at answering the questions how the Poles in Belarus used the offered sup-port in 1988–1991 and if they managed to lay foundations for the future Polish activity in Belarus. Second, it tries to assess if and to what extent the Poles living in Poland were involved in the authorities’ actions for the benefit of their compatriots in Belarus.
Źródło:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2014, 12, 1; 17-38 (22)
1732-9639
Pojawia się w:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dzieci – ideologia – indoktrynacja. Czasopismo „Płomyczek” w okresie II Rzeczypospolitej, PRL i III RP
Children – Ideology – Indoctrination. Płomyczek Magazine in the Second Polish Republic, the Polish People’s Republic and the Third Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Mrozek, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/919993.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-03-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
kid’s magazine
Płomyczek
ideology
indoctrination
Opis:
The main purpose of this article is to answer the following questions: did the current sociopolitical situation determine the contents of kid’s Płomyczek magazine and if so, how. These questions suggest a hidden agenda of the periodical as a tool of indoctrination. The study was conducted on issues ofPłomyczek from the period of the Second Polish Republic, the Polish People’s Republic and the Third Polish Republic. The research shows similarities between the ideology in the said period and the content of Płomyczek, however indoctrination took place only during the Second Polish Republic and the Polish People’s Republic. Issues from the Third Polish Republic, unlike the earlier ones, criticized current politicians and stimulated reflective thinking.
Źródło:
Studia Edukacyjne; 2019, 52; 303-315
1233-6688
Pojawia się w:
Studia Edukacyjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
KARTA Partnerstwa między Stanami Zjednoczonymi Ameryki, a Republiką Estonii, Republiką Łotwy i Republiką Litwy : 16 stycznia 1998 roku.
(Charter of Partnership among United States of America and Republic of Estonia, Republic of Latvia and Republic of Lithuania)
Powiązania:
Biuletyn Departamentu Integracji z NATO 1998, nr 2, s. 18-29
Data publikacji:
1998
Opis:
Zamieszcz. także w: "Bliżej NATO". --- 1998, z. 2, s. 34-38.
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Inicjatywa ustawodawcza jako konstytucyjna kompetencja Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
Implementation of the legislative initiative as a constitutional competence of the President of the Republic of Poland
Autorzy:
Wicherek, Damian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1912329.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
President of the Republic of Poland
prerogatives
legislative initiative
Sejm of the Republic of Poland
Constitution of the Republic of Poland
Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
prerogatywy
inicjatywa ustawodawcza
Sejm RP
Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
Opis:
W artykule przeprowadzono analizę realizacji inicjatywy ustawodawczej przez Prezydentów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (RP) w latach 1990–2019. W publikacji przedstawione zostały podstawy prawne obowiązujące w poszczególnych ustawach konstytucyjnych z lat 1989–1992 oraz w obecnej Konstytucji z dnia 2 kwietnia 1997 r., na mocy których Prezydenci RP korzystali z konstytucyjnych prerogatyw, wśród których jest inicjatywa ustawodawcza. W artykule poddano analizie wykonywanie tej kompetencji przez poszczególnych Prezydentów RP. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie realizacji inicjatywy ustawodawczej Prezydentów w Trzeciej Rzeczypospolitej z uwzględnieniem zadań Kancelarii Prezydenta jako organu pomocniczego. Celowo pominięto zapowiedzi programowe kandydatów ubiegających się o urząd prezydenta, stanowiące realną realizację inicjatywy ustawodawczej w przypadku objęcia urzędu prezydenta, w tym także okresu kohabitacji, ponieważ kwestie te wymagają podjęcia odrębnych badań i analiz. W zakończeniu niniejszego artykułu dokonano podsumowania realizacji inicjatywy ustawodawczej przez poszczególnych Prezydentów RP z uwzględnieniem ich aktywności na przestrzeni ostatnich 29 lat.
In the article, the author analyses the implementation of the legislative initiative by the Presidents of the Republic of Poland in the years 1990–2019. The publication presents the legal basis for the individual constitutional laws of 1989–1992 and the current Constitution of 2 April 1997, under which the Presidents of the Republic of Poland exercised their constitutional prerogatives, among which is legislative initiative. The article analyses the exercise of this competence by individual Presidents of the Republic of Poland taking into account the procedure of submitting the act for signature by the President. The aim of the article was to present the implementation of the presidents’ legislative initiative in the Third Republic, taking into account the tasks of the Chancellery of the President as an auxiliary body. This article deliberately omits the programme announcements of candidates applying for the office of the President, constituting a real implementation of the legislative initiative in the event of taking up the office of the President, including the period of cohabitation, as these issues require separate research and analysis. At the end of this article the author summarizes the implementation of the legislative initiative by individual Presidents of the Republic of Poland taking into account their activities over the last 29 years.
Źródło:
Przegląd Politologiczny; 2020, 2; 147-156
1426-8876
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Politologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Enhanced Cooperation in the EU: Its Evolution and Position of the Czech Republic
Autorzy:
Malíř, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/558252.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
European Union;
Closer Cooperation;
Enhanced Cooperation;
Flexibility;
Czech Republic;
Opis:
Enhanced cooperation (originally closer cooperation) was inserted into the EU institutional and legal system by the Amsterdam Treaty in a response to political calls for establishment of a mechanism that would allow for deeper integration of only some Member States (“coalitions of the willing”) in the ever-enlarging EU. As such, this step meant a break with the unity dogma the European integration had been traditionally built upon and provided for institutionalised differentiation in the EU. Redesigned by both the Treaty of Nice and the Treaty of Lisbon, enhanced cooperation has materialized in 5 cases since 2010. Apart from that, possibility of a recourse to enhanced cooperation has played a role in negotiation strategies within the EU decision-making process and in reflections on the future of the EU. While enhanced cooperation is not a magic panacea to divergences of opinions on the European integration between individual Member States, in particular, middle-sized and small Member States including the Czech Republic shall not underestimate the potential this mechanism might have.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2019, 1; 89-112
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Generations of reformers in the Polish people’s republic and their intellectual heritage
Autorzy:
Morawski, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/629941.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
socialist economy
economic reforms
the Polish People’s Republic
Opis:
The drive towards reforms in the area of economic policy is permanent. The need of reforms is a practically never abandoned subject. The only exceptions tend to be periods when the status quo is accepted, and it is its consolidation that is being discussed. Things did not look any different in the times of the Polish People’s Republic (PPR). The rhythm of subsequent reform attempts determined the chronology of the development of the situation. The author set himself two goals: chronological ordering and typologisation of reform efforts in the PPR and presentation of the  continuation of certain ways of thinking at the turn of the year 1989. Typologisation was assumed to concern ways of thinking rather than specific people and thus, it is not a biographic guide to reform circles.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace; 2019, 1 (37); 77-96
2082-0976
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Crime Prevention System in the Slovak Republic. Introduction to the Issue
Autorzy:
Dworzecki, Jacek
Piwowarski, Juliusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1832481.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
crime prevention
crime deterrence
the Slovak Republic
security culture
Opis:
This article presents a system of crime prevention functioning in the realities of the Slovak Republic. The text discusses, inter alia, the essence of preventive measures taken against the phenomena of social maladjustment occurring in Slovakia. All three levels of the system (national, regional, local) are presented and the “National Crime Prevention Strategy 2012-2015” is brought closer (in an outline) and analised as a way to keep and develop country’s security culture.
Źródło:
Security Dimensions; 2015, 16(16); 102-126
2353-7000
Pojawia się w:
Security Dimensions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Critical paradigm of the Nazi legacy in the Federal Republic of Germany
Autorzy:
Jartyś, Janusz
Zamana, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031474.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
criticism
social engineering
Nazism
Federal Republic of Germany
Opis:
The objective of this article is to present a critical analysis of selected elements of Nazi legacy in the Federal Republic of Germany (Deutsche Bundesrepublik, BRD). The remnants of the Nazi system have been tolerated, and even sheltered by the authorities of West Germany in almost all aspects of life. A question arises, then, about the effectiveness of the denazification after the Second World War and about a change in mentality in German society, as it should be noted that some elements of Nazi legacy were abandoned only in the 21st century, and therefore the Federal Republic of Germany has not managed to fully make reparations to the victims of Nazism. This article also discusses the fact that in a post-totalitarian state it is extremely difficult to find ‘pristine’ biographies, considering the number of former members of NSDAP who filled important offices in the BRD.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2017, 8; 154-175
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Catholic Church in the Czech Republic and Sexual Abuse of Minors
Autorzy:
Vintrová, Martina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11380529.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Tematy:
Czech Republic
Catholic Church
Bishops Conference
sexual abuse
minors
priest
Opis:
The article describes the present the situation in the Church in the Czech Republic in relation to the topic of sexual abuse of minors in terms of extension of cases, education in the topic, church documents and measures adopted and prayer initiatives. It also discusses the specific factors that make it difficult to accept the reality of the existence of sexual abuse of minors by clerics also in the Catholic Church in the territory of the Czech Bishops Conference.
Źródło:
The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II; 2022, 12, 1; 95-109
2391-6559
2083-8018
Pojawia się w:
The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kobiety w jednomandatowych okręgach wyborczych do Senatu RP
Women in single member constituencies to the Senate of the Republic of Poland
Autorzy:
Leszczyńska-Wichmanowska, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22444337.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
Senate of the Republic of Poland
elections to the Senate of the Republic of Poland,
single member constituencies to the Senate of the Republic of Poland
gender disparity in elections to the Senate of the Republic of Poland
women in the Senate of the Republic of Poland
Senat RP
wybory do Senatu RP
jednomandatowe okręgi wyborcze do Senatu RP
dysproporcja płci w wyborach do Senatu RP
kobiety w Senacie RP
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja i ocena dysproporcji płci w elekcjach do Senatu RP w jednomandatowych okręgach wyborczych (JOW) w latach 2011, 2015, 2019. W literaturze przedmiotu funkcjonuje opinia, iż JOW wykluczają kobiety z organów władzy ustawodawczej, ponieważ jest o wiele mniej prawdopodobne, że zostaną wskazane jako kandydatki w zdominowanych przez mężczyzn strukturach partyjnych. Brak danych empirycznych odnośnie do dysproporcji płci w trzech elekcjach do Senatu RP skutkował przeprowadzeniem badań w tym zakresie. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy udziału kobiet w wyborach do Senatu RP po „okrągłym stole”, które odbyły się dziesięciokrotnie, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kampanii wyborczych i ich rezultatów w latach 2011, 2015 i 2019, czyli po wprowadzeniu JOW.
The objective of the present article is to identify and assess gender disproportions in elections to the Senate of the Republic of Poland in single member constituencies (SMC) in 2011, 2015 and 2019. The subject literature expresses an opinion that SMCs exclude women from the bodies of the legislative power, because it is much less likely that they will be appointed candidates in the party structures dominated by men. The lack of empirical data regarding gender disparities in three elections to the Senate of the Republic of Poland prompted us to conduct research in this area. The article presents the results of the analysis of the participation of women in the Polish Senate elections, which were held ten times since the "round table" talks, with particular emphasis on the election campaigns and their results in 2011, 2015 and 2019, i.e. after the introduction of the SMCs.
Źródło:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2022, 20, 3; 92-107
1732-9639
Pojawia się w:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Unemployment in Poland in 1918–2018
Bezrobocie w Polsce w latach 1918–2018
Autorzy:
Jarosz-Nojszewska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/630467.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
unemployment
work
employment
the Second Polish Republic
Polish People’s Republic
the Third Polish Republic
bezrobocie
praca
zatrudnienie
Druga Rzeczpospolita
Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa
Trzecia Rzeczpospolita
Opis:
Artykuł stanowi syntetyczne omówienie i analizę zjawiska bezrobocia w trzech okresach – Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej, Polski Ludowej oraz Trzeciej Rzeczypospolitej. Bezrobocie w Polsce w całym badanym okresie było konsekwencją zarówno uwarunkowań historycznych, jak i zmian ekonomiczno-społecznych. W okresie międzywojennym bezrobocie było efektem powojennego wyżu demograficznego, zacofanej struktury gospodarczej państwa oraz wielkiego kryzysu gospodarczego. Po drugiej wojnie światowej Polska znalazła się w bloku państw komunistycznych, a ideologia komunistyczna zakładała likwidację bezrobocia i realizację polityki pełnego zatrudnienia. W PRL realizacja polityki pełnego zatrudnienia przyniosła w efekcie bezrobocie ukryte, będące dużym obciążeniem dla państwowej gospodarki. Sytuacja uległa zmianie po transformacji ustrojowej lat 90. Po 1989 r. ponownie pojawiło się prawnie usankcjonowane bezrobocie, które było wynikiem przemian gospodarczych i społecznych. We wszystkich badanych okresach bezrobocie najbardziej dotykało młodzież oraz kobiety. Problem bezrobocia (zmniejszającego się w ostatnich latach) nadal dotyczy polskiej gospodarki. Dzięki pomocy Unii Europejskiej oraz rządowym programom rynku pracy zjawisko to ma znacznie łagodniejszy charakter.
The article presents a synthetic analysis of unemployment in three periods of Polish history: the Second Polish Republic, the Polish People’s Republic (PRL) and the Third Polish Republic. In all these periods, unemployment was a consequence of historical conditions as well as economic and social changes. In the interwar period, the unemployment was a result of a traditional economic structure, the Great Depression and the post-war demographic boom. After the Second World War Poland became part of the Soviet bloc, and the official ideology declared full employment. In the Polish People’s Republic the consequence of this policy was hidden unemployment, which proved a heavy burden for the economy. Official unemployment returned after 1989, as a result of economic and social changes. In all the three abovesaid time spans, women and young people were most significantly affected by the unemployment. This issue is still regarded as crucial, though thanks to government programmes and aid provided by the European Union, its effects appear to be less severe.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace; 2018, 3 (35); 102-120
2082-0976
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wybory w dobie koronawirusa – Republika Czeska
The Elections at the Time of Coronavirus – The Czech Republic
Autorzy:
Jirásková, Věra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1833785.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-08-19
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
elections
Parliament of the Czech Republic
Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic
MPs
senators
President of the Czech Republic
pandemic
coronavirus
Sars-19
wybory
Parlament Republiki Czeskiej
Izba Poselska Republiki Czeskiej
posłowie
senatorowie
Prezydent Republiki Czeskiej
pandemia
koronawirus
Opis:
Artykuł poświęcony jest szczególnym warunkom, w jakich odbywały się wybory w Republice Czeskiej w 2020 roku. Na ich przebieg miały wpływ ograniczenia w związku z ogłoszeniem stanu wyjątkowego, zmieniły się również odpowiednie regulacje prawne. W okresie po ogłoszeniu przez Prezydenta Republiki Czeskiej wyborów do Izby Poselskiej, które mają się odbyć w październiku 2021 roku, Sąd Konstytucyjny uchylił kilka przepisów ustawy o wyborach do parlamentu. Dlatego Parlament dąży obecnie do osiągnięcia porozumienia w sprawie nowego prawodawstwa (nowej prawnej regulacji).
The article is dedicated to the special conditions under which elections were held in the Czech Republic in 2020. The process of the elections was affected by restrictions in connection with the declaration of a state of emergency. Therefore, the legal regulations (or legislation) were also changed. At the time when the President of the Czech Republic called the elections to the Chamber of Deputies, which are to take place in October 2021, the Constitutional Court annulled several provisions of the Act on Elections to Parliament. Therefore, Parliament is currently seeking agreement on new legislation (or regulation).
Źródło:
Studia Wyborcze; 2021, 31; 17-34
1898-0082
Pojawia się w:
Studia Wyborcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Evolving Protection of Borders of the Reborn Second Republic of Poland
Autorzy:
Lubiewski, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1374763.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
Second Republic of Poland
border development
border protection system
border agencies
Opis:
The Second Republic of Poland, after regaining independence as a new state and creating state structures, faced many serious challenges. Barely formed boundaries required effective protection as soon as possible. An important problem was the process of gradually gaining power over the borders. While its protection system was developing on the western border, regular military operations continued in the east. This task was not facilitated by the incompletely resolved border conflicts and the ethnically patchy population living in the border areas. One of the most serious problems was the lack of experience in protecting the state borders caused by the loss of independence. For the above reasons, the process of developing the border protection system of the Second Polish Republic lasted several years. How difficult that task was is shown by the number of border formations that were brought into existence at that time, subjecting them to various modifications. As a consequence, due to difficult relations between the Republic and neighboring states, the developed system of border protection was not uniform. It also had to face still not fully stabilised situation in Europe.
Źródło:
Internal Security; 2018, Special Issue; 53-66
2080-5268
Pojawia się w:
Internal Security
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis and characterization of the security systems of the Republic of Poland and the Slovak Republic
Autorzy:
Selinger, Petr
Wałek, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/526956.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Collegium Civitas
Tematy:
safety
security system
Polska
Slovakia
Opis:
The publication was devoted to issues of safety systems of Poland and Slovakia. Article aims to discuss and description of the major elements, principles of operation of safety systems and identify the differences and similarities between the various systems. Article summary are the conclusions and observations about prescriptions for common actions in the field to ensure a high level of security.
Źródło:
Securitologia; 2015, 2 (22); 17-26
1898-4509
Pojawia się w:
Securitologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Droga ku wielojęzyczności RPA
Towards Multilingualism in the Republic of South Africa
Autorzy:
Wójtowicz, Beata
Posthumus, Lionel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/522822.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Katedra Języków i Kultur Afryki. Polskie Towarzystwo Afrykanistyczne
Tematy:
Republic of South Africa
official languages
language policy
multilingualism
Opis:
After the rule of apartheid ended in 1994, the new government of the Republic of South Africa made a substantial change in language policy by giving an official status to eleven languages spoken in the country. Besides English and Afrikaans, nine more indigenous African Bantu languages were officially recognised. Such an extensive multilingual policy is unique in the world and although very progressive, presents a serious challenge to the system of education. The article touches upon the linguistic situation in the Republic of South Africa, the distribution and popularity of various languages and the topic of how the new policy has been implemented in the sector of education.
Źródło:
Afryka; 2016, 44; 25-44
1234-0278
Pojawia się w:
Afryka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Long-Term Trends in Conventional Political Participation in the Federal Republic of Germany
Autorzy:
Wajzer, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/519798.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
political participation
conventional actions
participation trends
Federal Republic of Germany
Opis:
The purpose of this study was to identify long-term trends in conventional participation in the Federal Republic of Germany. The time frame for the analysis covered the period between 1946 and 2016. Conventional participation was measured against two variables using regression analysis: the level of participation in elections and the level of membership in political parties. For both variables, statistically significant development trends were identified, which were mainly of a declining nature. The data employed concerned voter turnout in elections to the Bundestag and Landtags, and the development process of membership levels in six major political parties: CDU, SPD, CSU, FDP, Alliance 90/The Greens, and the Left/PDS.
Źródło:
Historia i Polityka; 2019, 30 (37); 37-47
1899-5160
2391-7652
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Football Hooligans in the Czech Republic: Selected Topics
Autorzy:
Smolík, Josef
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/644926.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
subculture
football hooligan
development of the football hooligan subculture
football hooliganism in the Czech Republic
Opis:
Since the 1990s organized groups have begun to appear in the Czech Republic called „football hooligans”. These groups have drawn the attention of the media, security forces, officials of the Czech Republic Football Association, and the broader public. This text focuses on selected topics associated with the phenomenon of football hooliganism. After a brief history of football hooliganism abroad, especially in England, it will describe the current status of this phenomenon in the Czech Republic. An important part of the text will be devoted to classifying spectators surveyed at football matches into three groups: the broader football audience, fans, and hooligans. Each of these groups will be given a basic description based on previous research carried out at football stadiums. Another goal of the text will be to present the sociological discussion about this phenomenon in the Czech setting, identify the main research avenues, and present some of the sociological studies done in the Czech Republic in recent years. Another important part of the text will be a conceptualization of individual terms, and a brief history of the phenomenon in the Czech Republic, and in the Czechoslovak Republic prior to 1989. Subsequent passages will present the legislative measures and specific laws that have been adopted to address the phenomenon of football hooliganism.
Źródło:
Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja; 2012, 2; 75-95
2300-0422
Pojawia się w:
Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Legal Principles of Functioning of Education in People’s Republic of Poland
Autorzy:
Pyter, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/618687.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Polish People’s Republic
education
law
Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa
oświata
prawo
Opis:
The aim of the article is to present the issues of the functioning of Polish education after World War II. That period, examined in the article, was marked by many problems, while interesting from the point of view of organizing the post-war state and the ubiquitous party agents in public life. The text shows the evolution of the legal education system since 1944, i.e. since the release of the Manifesto PKWN (Polish Committee for National Liberation) to 1961. The second part of the article focuses on 1961, when the first comprehensive law on education was released for native education, and the time of the Round Table and first democratic reforms. The issue of educational law – especially in terms of legal history – has been analyzed only marginally. Lack of studies of this subject, and the literature available on the market, comes from the years of communist propaganda and – in this sense – is not a scientific value. Even a partial attempt to fill this gap, thus seemed well founded.
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zagadnienia funkcjonowania polskiej edukacji po II wojnie światowej. Badany czas był naznaczony wieloma problemami, a jednocześnie jest interesujący z punktu widzenia organizowania powojennego państwa i wszechobecnych czynników partyjnych w życiu publicznym. W tekście przedstawiono kształtowanie się prawnego systemu oświaty od roku 1944, tj. od momentu wydania Manifestu PKWN, do roku 1961. Druga część to lata od 1961 roku, co dla rodzimej edukacji oznaczało wydanie pierwszej kompleksowej ustawy oświatowej, do obrad Okrągłego Stołu i związanych z tym pierwszych demokratycznych reform. Problematyka prawa oświatowego, zwłaszcza w ujęciu historycznoprawnym, jedynie w marginalnym stopniu była poddawana analizie. Brakuje opracowań tej tematyki, zaś dostępna na rynku literatura pochodzi z lat komunistycznej propagandy i w tym sensie nie stanowi wartości naukowej. Próba choćby cząstkowego wypełnienia tej luki wydaje się zatem zasadna.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia; 2015, 24, 4
1731-6375
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Load shedding and the energy security of Republic of South Africa
Autorzy:
Nowakowska, M.
Tubis, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2069278.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Polskie Towarzystwo Bezpieczeństwa i Niezawodności
Tematy:
load shedding
energy security
Republic of South Africa
blackouts
Eskom
Opis:
Studies on energy security can be found in many academic publications and in government and think-tank reports. Main goal of this article is to present the energy system in the Republic of South Africa, to discuss the phenomenon of load shedding and it indication of proposed changes required to existing solutions. Authors based their research on available literature newspapers articles, direct observation and the interviews with the residents of Johannesburg. South African’s economy is the second largest in Africa, just behind Nigeria. It accounts for 24% of continent’s GDP. It is ranked as an upper-middle income economy by the World Bank. The major producer and distributor of electricity in RSA is Eskom, which provides over 95% of the country’s energy usage. Load-shedding, also referred to as rolling blackout, is an intentionally electrical power shutdown. In South Africa it affect entire country.
Źródło:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association; 2015, 6, 3; 99--108
2084-5316
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Istota reformy rolnej w II Rzeczypospolitej
Agrarian Reform in Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Noniewicz, Czesław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/955505.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Second Polish Republic
agrarian reform
II Rzeczypospolita
reforma rolna
Witold Staniewicz
Opis:
Ustawa z 1920 roku przewidywała parcelację przymusową majątków ziemskich i przekazywanie ziemi chłopom za połowę ceny rynkowej. Przeszkodą w jej realizacji stał się zapis w konstytucji z 1921 roku o nienaruszalności własności prywatnej. Dopiero ustawa z 1925 roku, przewidująca sprzedaż rozparcelowanej ziemi po cenie rynkowej, mogła być uznana za zgodną z konstytucją. Dwa zasadnicze czynniki warunkowały realizację reformy rolnej, poczynając od 1926 roku – cena ziemi i popyt na ziemię. Profesor Witold Staniewicz, kierując Ministerstwem Reform Rolnych w latach 1926-1930, nadał reformie charakter dwuczłonowy: obok parcelacji majątków, intensywnie była prowadzona komasacja ziemi w gospodarstwach chłopskich. Parcelację traktował on jako czynnik skłaniający mieszkańców wsi do przestrzennego uporządkowania gruntów. Reforma miała być długotrwałym procesem parcelacji majątków i komasacji ziemi chłopskiej. Można ją porównać z reformą uwłaszczeniową w zaborze pruskim w XIX wieku. Istota reformy rolnej w II Rzeczypospolitej polegała na wzmacnianiu gospodarstw rodzinnych w dłuższej perspektywie. Temu służyła ziemia z rozparcelowanych majątków oraz komasacja ziemi we wsiach.
The Act of 1920 provided for compulsory subdivision of estates and transfer of land to the peasantry at half the market price. An obstacle to the implementation of the law was the constitutional clause of the inviolability of private property passed in 1921. It was only the Act of 1925, providing for the sale of land at market price, that was deemed to be compatible with the Constitution. Two essential factors influenced the implementation of the agrarian reform of 1926: the price of land and the demand for land. Professor Witold Staniewicz, the Minister of Agrarian Reform in the years 1926-1930, divided the reform into two stages: besides the breaking up of estates, intense accumulation of land in peasant farms was undertaken. He regarded the subdivision of estates as a factor conducive to the change of spatial arrangement of lands. The reform was to involve a lengthy process of parcellation of estates and land regrouping. It is possible to compare it with the reform of enfranchisement in the Prussian Partition in the nineteenth century. The essence of the land reform in the Second Polish Republic was a long-term strengthening of family farms.
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2016, 6(84); 76-82
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Changes in the Use of Agricultural Land in Poland and Czech Republic
Autorzy:
Stacherzak, Agnieszka
Hájek, Ladislav
Hełdak, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/123261.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
agricultural land
Polska
Czech Republic
agricultural holdings
Opis:
This article raises the issue of changes in the structure of agricultural land use in Poland and the Czech Republic since the accession of both countries into the structures of the European Union. An important question raised in this article is the analysis of changes in the area structure of agricultural holdings according to the adopted agricultural land groups. The analyses were based on the graphic method of analysing the concentration strength, i.e. the Lorenz curve, to determine the distribution of the number and surface area of agricultural farms in the given area groups and the percentage share of such farms in these area groups. Additionally, the Gini coefficient was calculated for the same phenomena, to measure the concentration (inequality) of the random variable distribution. The research showed the structural change trends in the agricultural area of the analysed countries as well as varied structural situation of agricultural holdings during the accession period. The condition translates into a slower pace of structural change of agricultural holdings in Poland and a faster process of enlarging the area of agricultural holdings in the Czech Republic.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2019, 20, 7; 211-221
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bezpieczeństwo zgromadzeń w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej i Republice Czeskiej – uwarunkowania administracyjnoprawne
Security of assemblies in the Republic of Poland and the Czech Republic – administrative and legal conditions
Autorzy:
Jurgilewicz, Marcin
Socha, Robert
Ščurek, Radomír
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1403619.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-10
Wydawca:
Collegium Witelona Uczelnia Państwowa
Tematy:
bezpieczeństwo
zgromadzenia
Republika Czeska
pandemia.
security
assemblies
Czech Republic
pandemic
Opis:
Organizacja zgromadzeń w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej oraz na terenie Republiki Czeskiej jest coraz bardziej powszechnym wydarzeniem w życiu publicznym. Wolność pokojowych zgromadzeń umożliwia ich uczestnikom wyrażenie poglądów, co w demokratycznym państwie prawnym jest pożądanym wyrazem realizacji konstytucyjnych praw i swobód jednostek. Zatem przebieg zgromadzenia powinien być bezpieczny nie tylko dla jego uczestników, ale również wszystkich osób, które uczestniczą w tym wydarzeniu. Za bezpieczny przebieg zgromadzenia odpowiada jego organizator, służby porządkowe oraz funkcjonariusze Policji. Z drugiej strony istotne znaczenie dla bezpieczeństwa zgromadzenia mają też uwarunkowania techniczno-logistyczne. Czas pandemii, którego aktualnie doświadcza większość społeczeństwa nie tylko w Europie, ale także na innych kontynentach, istotnie wpływa na sferę prawa i swobód obywatelskich, w tym także na prawo do organizowania zgromadzeń. Artykuł porusza problematykę bezpieczeństwa zgromadzeń w Polsce i Czechach z perspektywy rozwiązań administracyjnoprawnych w czasie COVID-19. Artykuł jest efektem prowadzonych zespołowych badań naukowych realizowanych w ramach stażu naukowego odbywanego przez Autorów w Fakulta bezpečnostního inženýrství, Katedra bezpečnostních služeb – Vysoká škola báňská – Technická univerzita Ostrava w Republice Czeskiej.
The organization of assemblies in the Republic of Poland and in the Czech Republic is an increasingly common occurrence in public life. The freedom of peaceful assembly enables their participants to express their views, which in a democratic state under the rule of law is a desired expression of the constitutional rights and freedoms of individuals. Therefore the course of gatherings should be safe not only for its participants, but also for the attendees. The organizer, law enforcement and police officers are responsible for the safe conduct of the assembly. On the other hand, technical and logistical considerations are also important for the security of assemblies. The pandemic currently experienced by the majority of societies not only in Europe, but also on other continents, makes a significant impact on the sphere of law and civil liberties, including the right to organize assemblies. This paper addresses the issue of security of assemblies in Poland and the Czech Republic from the point of view of administrative solutions implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper constitutes the result of team research conducted as part of a scientific internship by the Authors in Fakulta bezpečnostního inženýrství, Bezpečnostních služeb – Vysoká škola báňská – Technická univerzita Ostrava in the Czech Republic.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej im. Witelona w Legnicy; 2021, 2, 39; 40-48
1896-8333
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej im. Witelona w Legnicy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparative Analysis of the Systems of Government of the Republic of Poland and the Republic of Armenia
Autorzy:
Hrayr, Tovmasyan,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902443.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
semi-presidential form of government
presidential form of government
parliamentary form of government
President of the Republic
Parliament
Government
dual accountability of government
Opis:
The article discusses the system of government in the Republic of Poland and Republic of Armenia, showing the main similarities and differences between them.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2016, 68; 393-402
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Referendum in the Czech Republic and Slovakia
Autorzy:
Kużelewska, Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/647476.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Opis:
For more than 80 years the Czechs and the Slovaks have been functioning within one political, economic and social system. Various political and economic circumstances resulted in the division of Czechoslovakia to the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Ever since the political systems of both countries became different. These various political systems inspired me to examine the people’s participation in the political life of those countries. The aim of this paper is to analyse and compare the most common form of direct democracy – a referendum – in both the Czech and Slovak political systems. It will be compared on two levels. The first one will deal with general constitutional background of a referendum and its procedures, as well as with a comparison of regulations in the respective countries. The second one will concern the practice of referendum in the analysed countries.
Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polskim
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia; 2014, 21, 1
1428-9512
2300-7567
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O ústavnosti zániku Československa
About of the constitutional demise of Czechoslovakia
Autorzy:
Klíma, Karel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/686233.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Constitutional Dissolution
Czechoslovak Federation
Referendum
Slovak Republic
Czech Republic
Division of the Property
Opis:
The situation after the elections of 1992 showed that an ordinary federation was probably an invincible barrier for the future constitutional development. Public opinion did not accept the idea of the division of the Czechoslovakia. The dissolution of Czechoslovakia resulted from an objective situation generated by the elections and escalated with the non compromising ambitions of the winning coalitions in both countries. Constitutional curiosity of the situation of the Czechslovakia consisted in the conflict beetwen federal consitution and new Slovak constitutional system (since 1.10.1992) when each of these declared its supremacy.
O konstytucyjności zakończenia istnienia Czechosłowacji. Sytuacja po wyborach w 1992 r. pokazała, że zwykła federacja była prawdopodobnie barierą nie do pokonani dla przyszłego rozwoju konstytucyjnego. Opinia publiczna nie zaakceptowała idei podziału Czechosłowacji. Rozpad Czechosłowacji wynikał z obiektywnej sytuacji wywołanej wyborami i eskalowanej bezkompromisowymi ambicjami zwycięskich koalicji w obu krajach. Konstytucyjna osobliwość sytuacji Czechosłowacji polegała na konflikcie między federalną konstytucją a nowym słowackim systemem konstytucyjnym (od 1.10.1992), gdy każdy z nich deklarował swoją supremację.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica; 2018, 84; 5-14
0208-6069
2450-2782
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Social insurance in the Second Republic of Poland. Social advantage or the policy of caution
Autorzy:
Chylak, Karol
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1683719.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-09
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Second Polish Republic
Social insurance
Social policy
Social advantages
Opis:
Social insurance was conceived from a great thought of the social caution, from the thought of protection of an uncertain future. That thought of caution, during the time of development of social insurance, was implemented by the public entities on the one hand and by the civil activity on the other one. However, the process of creation of the social insurance system in Poland did not represent the policy of caution executed by the state. The only sign of caution could be seen with reference to the insurance associations as there the participants decided whether to enter the system or not whereas the state executed the policy of giving privileges to the certain social groups.
Źródło:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae; 2015, 33; 37-54
0081-6485
Pojawia się w:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of discourse on education and rehabilitation of people with disabilities coupled in the Czech Republic.
Autorzy:
Kasprzak, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951730.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
multiple education
Czech Republic
special education
pedagogical research
Opis:
At the core of the Czech education system and rehabilitation for people with multiple disabilities to the assumption that this is a group that requires a specialized approach to this issue. The main purpose of the text is to present the organization of education of people with multiple disability in the Czech Republic. Education and rehabilitation with the participation of people with multiple disabilities encourages to undertake research related to the dynamics of changes as well as their size. This work is an attempt to show how various factors have shaped the current form of education of people with multiple disability in the Czech Republic.
Źródło:
Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja; 2019, 16, 2
2300-0422
Pojawia się w:
Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Together but Apart: University Experience of Jewish Students in the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Aleksiun, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601747.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
Second Polish Republic
Jewish students
Jewish student organizations
‘ghetto benches’
Polonization
Opis:
This paper examines the experiences of Jewish university students in Warsaw, Lvov, Wilno and Cracow, focusing on their interactions with each other as well as with other students. These experiences are divided into three categories: daily encounters and mutual relations (or the lack thereof), the vision of the academic community to which the students aspired, and Jewish students' reactions to antisemitism. I argue that for many Jewish students, these daily university experiences both on campuses and beyond strengthened their sense of being outsiders. Having been excluded from most of the general student organizations they had to form their own, which limited their interactions with other students even further, and, above all, strengthened feeling that they were being singled out and victimized.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Historica; 2014, 109
0001-6829
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Transnationalization of Railways in the Czech Republic: an institutional travel from formal to informal oligopoly?
Autorzy:
Šitera, Daniet
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/529792.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
railways
liberalization
europeanization
marketization
Czech Republic
institutional change
Opis:
This paper focuses on the unobviousness of railway liberalization in the Czech Republic. In its obvious form, the liberalization process, once set into motion, would assume a path-dependent trajectory and result in a liberalized railway market. The liberalization of Czech railway has however resulted in what this paper calls a compensatory monopoly. Compensatory monopoly depicts an informal practice which has allowed the Czech state to compensate the České dráhy (Czech Railways) with a de facto monopoly, while depriving the public rail operator of a de iure monopoly. As the paper claims, the railway liberalization has been a product of the transnationalization of Czech state through its absorption into the global economy and European Union above all. As an accession candidate and later member state of the European Union, the Czech state was obliged to internalize the railway acquis communautaire produced by the European Commission which has consequently transnationalized the Czech national railway. Due to its transnationalizing and simultaneously marketizing character, the railway acquis has also completely restructured the formal institutional setting of the Czech railway, including the social purpose of České dráhy which is no longer to serve the public interest, but rather abide by the market-based logic of business interest. Nonetheless, the acquis internalization has not remained uncontested. On the contrary, the old institutional setting has been further represented by the informal network of České dráhy-state nexus which attempted to reshape the liberalization in a way that would provide České dráhy with a patient capital and enough time to prepare for the competition on the liberalized railway market. The effect of informal practices embodied in the compensatory monopoly has thus proven the railway liberalization in the Czech Republic to be an institutional change with uneven, open-ended and seemingly contradictory outcomes.
Źródło:
Central and Eastern European Journal of Management and Economics (CEEJME); 2013, 1, 1; 69-92
2353-9119
Pojawia się w:
Central and Eastern European Journal of Management and Economics (CEEJME)
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The scope of responsibility of employers towards workers’ families in the Second Republic of Poland
Autorzy:
Grata, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/652668.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
labour market
the Second Republic of Poland
social security
Opis:
The aim of this article is the presentation of the scope of responsibility of employers towards workers’ families in Poland in the interwar period. The article also shows how those duties were fulfilled. This issue appeared in Europe with the development of social insurance programmes and labour laws. The Second Republic of Poland built its own legal system for employees’ families. It included health insurance and benefits, families’ pensions and funeral allowances. Certain obligations were also imposed on employers in the context of labour law. The most important was the obligation to open nursery schools for the children of women who worked in factories.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2017, 20, 7; 149-159
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wietnamczycy w Republice Czeskiej. Między izolacją a integracją
Vietnamese people in the Czech Republic. Between isolation and integration
Autorzy:
Szyszlak, Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/521533.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych. Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych
Tematy:
Vietnamese community
Czech republic
isolation
migration
Opis:
In the second half of the twentieth century saw a rapid development of the Vietnamese immigration to the Czech Republic (formerly Czechoslovakia). Today, as a result of migration, the Vietnamese constitute one of the largest ethnic minority groups in the Czech Republic. This is a group with a specific position and character. On one side, the Vietnamese community has a typical immigrant character, and on the other side, since 2013 Vietnamese people are considered to as a national minority. Therefore, their situation could described as a state of suspension between isolation and integration.
Źródło:
Wschodnioznawstwo; 2016, 10; 163-184
2082-7695
Pojawia się w:
Wschodnioznawstwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Changing Landscape of Local Information Space in the Czech Republic: Consequences for Local Political Communication
Autorzy:
Hájek, Roman
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514371.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Instytut Politologii
Tematy:
political communication
local journalism
activist media
Czech Republic
Opis:
Due to the emergence of Internet-based media channels the character of local information spaces in the Czech Republic has undergone a remarkable change. Traditionally, dominant information sources: daily newspapers and municipally-owned media have become challenged by a variety of online sources run by groups of active citizens. Based on a systemic analysis of the local media sector and interviews conducted with representatives of local activist groups this paper discusses the consequences of these processes for local political communication. From the activists’ perspective, the new communication environment has significantly influenced the character of the mutual relationship between different participants in local political communication. Trust between journalists and activists: the basis for their cooperative relationship, faces decline, whereas the self-confidence of activists in negotiations with politicians has increased. Online media also allow the activists to break the existing information monopoly and engage citizens in public affairs. These changes have resulted in the professionalisation of communication skills for the activists, who are thus able to become more important participants in political communication.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Review. Polski Przegląd Politologiczny; 2013, 1; 5-19
2353-3773
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Review. Polski Przegląd Politologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przestępczość na terenie Republiki Słowackiej. Zarys problematyki
Crime in the Slovak Republic. The outline of the problem
Autorzy:
Dworzecki, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/526875.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Collegium Civitas
Tematy:
crime, analysis
security situation
the Slovak Republic
Opis:
The article presents in statistical and analytical terms, crime in the Slovak Republic. The text introduces the sphere of public safety in this country in the years 1993-2011. The study has focused on the discussion of torts affecting in a direct way, the extent the of sense of security among the citizens of Slovakia.
Źródło:
Securitologia; 2013, 2(18); 97-110
1898-4509
Pojawia się w:
Securitologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Cesta za svobodou“ v zrcadle mediální reality
Autorzy:
Rusin Dybalska, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/607814.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
media image, Hello Czech Republic, educational materials, refugees
mediální obraz, Hello Czech Republic, výukové materiály, uprchlíci
Opis:
The goal of this paper is the media image of campaign Hello Czech Republic, organized in the Czech Republic in 2016 by the Meta association. Its task was to adapt to the Czech conditions Swedish teaching materials on refugees, national identity, stereotypes or migration, which would help in the work of Czech teachers. They consisted of a manual for teachers with suggestions of thirteen lessons, film Šádí, presenting the story of a small Kurdish girl, and comic book Jednou se zase setkáme, Sanam. Příběh o cestě za svobodou, telling the story of Hamid, who was forced to escape from Afghanistan to Sweden. Presented in the article in more detail comic book became the apparent main subject of media reports. However, the recipient is not able to find out about it too much because it has become only a pretext for presenting content more favorable from the point of view of the media. Therefore, the main theme in most of the media information has become one of the tasks, telling of a fictional nuclear accident in the Czech Republic, which effectively raised a wave of criticism directed at the campaign, not only from the media, but also the most important politicians in the Czech Republic. Created by media selective and distorted image was thus subordinated to current events in the country and used in the political struggle. 
The goal of this paper is to present the media image of campaign “Hello Czech Republic”, organized in the Czech Republic in 2016 by the Meta association. Its task was to adapt to the Czech conditions Swedish teaching materials on refugees, national identity, stereotypes or migration, which would help in the work of Czech teachers. They consisted of a manual for teachers with suggestions of thirteen lessons, film Šádí, presenting the story of a small Kurdish girl, and comic book Jednou se zase setkáme, Sanam. Příběh o cestě za svobodou, telling the story of Hamid, who was forced to escape from Afghanistan to Sweden. The comic book, which was presented in the article in more detail, became the main subject of media reports. However, the recipient is not able to find out about it too much because it has become only a pretext for presenting the content more favorable from the point of view of the media. Therefore, the main theme in most of the media information has become one of the tasks, telling of a fictional nuclear accident in the Czech Republic, which effectively raised a wave of criticism directed at the campaign, not only from the media, but also the most important politicians in the Czech Republic. Selective and distorted image, created by media, was thus subordinated to current events in the country and used in the political struggle.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio FF – Philologia; 2017, 35, 2
0239-426X
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio FF – Philologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diversity Management in Czech Republic as an Answer to Demographic Changes
Autorzy:
Gross-Gołacka, Elwira
Marková, Jana
Slavicek, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/633779.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
diversity management, the Czech Republic, implementation, demographic changes
Opis:
Purpose – The main objective of the following article is to present issues associated with managing diversity in the context of demographic changes. The aim of this paper is to offer concrete suggestions on how organizations can overcome demographic changes and tap the business potential of diversity management.Design/Methodology/Approach – The authors’ approach is based on the literature, statistic data and authors’ own research. The empirical part was developed on the basis of survey research titled “Diversity Management in the V4 Countries as an Answer to Demographic Changes”. The research was quantitative, implemented through the computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) technique on a group of 101 respondents. The research study was conducted in 2016–2017.Findings – According to the research, knowledge and practice of diversity management is not very widespread in the Czech Republic. The research has shown that according to the opinion of the respondents from organisations, they recognize differences in motivation factors for specific groups of employees. The majority of respondents see the values and benefits of different groups of employees, as well as their specific needs. The majority of respondents know that specific groups can be the objects of various types of discrimination.Practical implications – Changes taking place on the labour market and globalization – and in particular the demographic changes in the Czech Republic – have evoked a necessity of searching for new strategies of management. Contemporary human resources management strategies should take into account social and demographic changes and the influence of those changes on customer purchase behaviour and requirement. Therefore, knowledge of diversity management and practical applications should be reflected in strategies of organizations. Results of the study provide general guidelines for determining the direction of how important diversity management should be in organizations.Originality/value – The research concerns diversity management in the Czech Republic with respect to demographic changes.
Źródło:
International Journal of Synergy and Research; 2017, 6
2083-0025
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Synergy and Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sphenothallus Hall, 1847 from Cambrian of Skryje–Týřovice Basin (Barrandian area, Czech Republic)
Autorzy:
Fatka, O.
Kraft, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191806.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
Sphenothallus
middle Cambrian
Buchava Formation
Barrandian area Czech Republic
Opis:
Two conical tubules from shales of the Skryje Member (Buchava Formation) at the Skryje–Luh and Týřovice–“Pod hruškou” localities, two of the key outcrops of this stratigraphic unit in the Skryje–Týřovice Basin (Barrandian area, Czech Republic), are described. One specimen consists of a small, compressed tubule with a very low expansion angle and wide and flat thickenings. The second, larger specimen exhibits indications of very narrow thickenings of a more abruptly expanding shell. Both specimens are assigned to the genus Sphenothallus Hall, but the latter only provisionally. Sphenothallus shows a worldwide distribution with numerous species, ranging from Cambrian to Permian in age. However, reported occurrences in the Cambrian are relatively sparse, in the form of rare specimens from the lower to middle Cambrian strata of Laurentia, Eastern Gondwana and European peri-Gondwana. According to accepted palaeogeographical reconstructions, Cambrian Sphenothallus occurred in low as well as in higher palaeolatitudes.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2013, 83, 4; 309-315
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The wine foreign trade of Slovak Republic
Handel zagraniczny winem na Słowacji
Autorzy:
Kuzma, F.
Zentkova, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/78620.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
wine
foreign trade
trade
Slovak Republic
competitiveness
export
import
market
Opis:
The aim of the article is to identify the impact of foreign trade with wine for the wine market in the Slovak Republic and identify the trends of its development. Slovakia is among the small wine producers. Wine areas are constantly reducing and wine consumption of the population of the Slovak Republic is not covered. The negotiation process has granted a quota allocated to Slovakia cultivable area of 22 000 hectares of vineyards. At present it is not filled, and Slovakia is not self-sufficient in wine production. Producers are aiming for the production of quality wines and demand for cheaper table wines is covered by import. From the analysis of wine import in the Slovak Republic, we notice that the wine import, is currently dominated by the growing tendency to import wines and sparkling wines in small packages (up to 2 l). The export of wine is currently focused on the export of wine in larger packages (over 2 l) in Slovakia. To assess the competitiveness of Slovak producers of wines in foreign markets are used the factors of comparative advantage and export-import coverage ratio.
Celem artykułu było określenie wpływu handlu zagranicznego winem na Słowacji i wskazanie tendencji rozwojowych. Słowacja jest małym producentem wina. Obszar winnic zmniejsza się systematycznie, a zapotrzebowanie ze strony ludności Słowacji jest większe niż produkcja. Unia Europejska przyznała Słowacji dotację dla winnic na obszarze 22 000 ha. Do tej pory Słowacja nie była w stanie wykorzystać przyznanych kwot ze względu na mniejszą produkcję wina. Producenci są nastawieni na produkcję win wysokiej jakości, a wina stołowe są importowane. Z analizy importu wina do Słowacji wynika, że obecnie przeważa tendencja sprowadzania win w małych opakowaniach (do 2 l). Z kolei eksport jest nastawiony na wysyłanie win w większych opakowaniach (powyżej 2 l). Do oceny konkurencyjności słowackich producentów wina na rynkach zagranicznych zastosowano czynniki przewagi konkurencyjnej oraz miernik pokrycia eksportu i importu.
Źródło:
Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis. Oeconomica; 2010, 58
2081-0644
Pojawia się w:
Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis. Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Results of Statistical Analysis of the Service Evaluation of the Czech Republic Police Officers
Autorzy:
JEDINÁK, PETR
ČANDÍK, MAREK
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194143.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
Police of the Czech Republic
evaluation system
research
Opis:
At present there are increasing demands for security. The Police of the Czech Republic are aware that without educated and motivated employees their  activities will not be professionally developed at the required pace. Senior management has a number of tools to improve performance and one of the main features is to identify a quality staff appraisal system. The article presents the results of research concerning the issue of evaluation of police officers of the Police of the Czech republic, which was carried out at the beginning of 2019. The obtained results were processed by standard statistical methods.
Źródło:
Edukacja Ekonomistów i Menedżerów; 2020, 55, 1; 34-53
1734-087X
Pojawia się w:
Edukacja Ekonomistów i Menedżerów
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wychowanie w rodzinie chłopskiej w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej
Upbringing in the peasant family o f the Second Republic
Autorzy:
SAMSEL, AGATA
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/970520.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Wydział Nauk Historycznych i Pedagogicznych. Instytut Pedagogiki. Zakład Historii Edukacji
Tematy:
family
upbringing
peasants
value
culture
Second Republic
Opis:
In 1918-1939 bringing up children in peasant families was severe and based on a system of punishments, usually corporal. It was a conseąuence of a common belief that only a hardened, tough and hardworking man is able to face hard peasant reality which was leaving little place for weakness and fondness. Contrary to all appearances, such upbringing was to impose a system of values which placed the land, work, community and religion at the very top. Since the very young age the children used to be taught the value of land, the sense of responsibility and the awareness of being co-responsible for the family farm. It was implied that the public interest is superior to the individuals interest and the value of a person is estimated from the perspective of his/her work.
Źródło:
Wychowanie w Rodzinie; 2011, I, (1/2011)
2082-9019
Pojawia się w:
Wychowanie w Rodzinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Public transport in Czech Republic
Publiczny zbiorowy transport osobowy w Republice Czeskiej
Autorzy:
Olivkova, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/374695.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
transport publiczny
Republika Czeska
transport zbiorowy
public transport
Czech Republic
mass transport
Opis:
This paper presents actual public transport problems in Czech Republic. In all public transport systems the strong passenger decline occurs during the observed time. That means the passenger choose another transport mode and mainly car. It is important to deal with public transport with the aim to ensure a competitive one, because from the society point of view public transport represents the lowest cost and environment friendly transport system.
Artykuł zajmuje się aktualną problematyką w publicznym zbiorowym transporcie osobowym w Republice Czeskiej. We wszystkich systemach publicznego zbiorowego transportu osobowego dochodzi, w ciągu rozważanego okresu czasu, do znacznego obniżenia ilości przewiezionych osób. To znaczy że potencjalny klient coraz to częściej wybiera inny sposób transportu, najczęściej samochód. Dlatego bardzo ważne jest zajęcie się zbiorowym transportem osobowym w celu zabezpieczenia jego zdolności do konkurencyjności. Z punktu widzenia społeczeństwa jest to najmniej kosztowny i zarazem ekologiczny system transportu ludzi.
Źródło:
Transport Problems; 2008, 3, 3; 53-58
1896-0596
2300-861X
Pojawia się w:
Transport Problems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Politics and Institutions in the Reforms of Health Care in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland
Autorzy:
Sitek, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929487.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-04-03
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
health care reform
politics
the Czech Republic
Hungary Poland
Opis:
The article discusses main developments in the organization and financing of health care in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. These countries exemplify different approaches to health care reform and different processes of institutional change of health care systems. The article charts main policy developments and offers explanation of dynamics of changes. It emphasizes the role of politics and broadly understood institutions, which are often neglected in the literature on health care reform in the region. It is argued that political institutions, party politics and rivalries within the governments influenced the scope and timing of policy changes. Institutional changes were also affected by the patterns of interest representation and organizational and normative developments that resulted from decisions and non-decisions taken in the past.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2008, 161, 1; 39-54
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mining status in Slovak Republic during the year 2008
Stan górnictwa na Słowacji w ciągu 2008 roku
Autorzy:
Rybar, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/348865.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
górnictwo odkrywkowe
Słowacja
open cast mining
Slovak Republic
Opis:
International Brown Coal Mining Congress in Bełchatów is an important discussion forum on the role of not only brown coal as a crucial energy material but also brown coal mining in Europe in general. The Slovak mining industry is one of the oldest in Europe. Slovakia possesses a significant number of documented raw materials deposits exploited by means of underground mines (4.3 million tons) and open pits (16.6 million tons). The scale of mining is adequate to the national economy needs. Open pits are mostly used to mine materials for the construction industry, whereas underground mines serve to produce coal, magnesite and small amounts of crude oil and natural gas. Slovakia mines about 2.3 million tons of hard coal and brown coal, which is a significant amount in comparison with other materials. The article presents the most important problems and issues connected with balanced development of Slovak mining in the light of current political, economic and ecological conditions.
Międzynarodowy Kongres Górnictwa Węgla Brunatnego w Bełchatowie jest ważnym forum dyskusji o roli nie tylko górnictwa węgla brunatnego jako bardzo ważnego surowca energetycznego, ale także o roli górnictwa w Europie w ogóle. Górnictwo Słowacji należy do jednych ze starszych w Europie. Słowacja posiada znaczną ilość udokumentowanych złóż surowców mineralnych eksploatowanych tak systemem podziemnym (4,3 mln ton) oraz systemem odkrywkowym (16,6 mln ton). Skala wydobycia jest adekwatna do potrzeb narodowej gospodarki. Systemem odkrywkowym eksploatowane są głównie surowce dla przemysłu materiałów budowlanych natomiast systemem podziemnym eksploatowany jest węgiel, magnezyty oraz niewielkie ilości ropy naftowej oraz gazu ziemnego. Słowacja wydobywa około 2,3 mln ton węgla kamiennego i brunatnego, co w porównaniu z wydobyciem innych surowców jest wielkością znaczącą. Artykuł prezentuje najważniejsze zagadnienia związane ze zrównoważonym rozwojem górnictwa na Słowacji w świetle obecnych uwarunkowań politycznych, ekonomicznych i ekologicznych.
Źródło:
Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria; 2009, 33, 2; 409-414
1732-6702
Pojawia się w:
Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ochrona przeciwporażeniowa na kolejach Republiki Czeskiej
Anti-electric shock protection in Czech Republic
Autorzy:
Molak, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/251814.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy TTS
Tematy:
Czechy
ochrona przeciwporażeniowa
transport kolejowy
Czech Republic
electric shock protection
railway transport
Opis:
Ochrona części biernych elektrycznych urządzeń trakcyjnych przed ryzykiem porażenia napięciem dotykowym towarzyszy elektryfikacji sieci od początku jej powstania. Początki kolei elektrycznych na terytorium dzisiejszej Republiki Czeskiej sięgają początków minionego wieku (linię Tabor - Bechynie w 1903 r. zelektryfikowano systemem 2 x 700 V).
Źródło:
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego; 2009, 4-5; 84-93
1232-3829
2543-5728
Pojawia się w:
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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