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Wyświetlanie 1-25 z 64356
Tytuł:
Novel technology of the preparation of smoke flavening
Nowa technologia otrzymywania preparatu dymu wędzarniczego
Autorzy:
Kulesza, J.
Podlejski, J.
Gora, J.
Kolska, J.
Stolowska, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/10553.pdf
Data publikacji:
1977
Wydawca:
Instytut Rozrodu Zwierząt i Badań Żywności Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Olsztynie
Opis:
The improved method of obtaining smoke flavouring from condensed wood smoke was elaborated. This method consists of the fractional distillation of the wood smoke condensate, previously eliminating of nitrogen bases and of the extractive destillation with the coresponding glycols.
We współpracy z Instytutem Przemysłu Mięsnego w Warszawie opracowana została uproszczona technologia otrzymywania preparatu dymu wędzarniczego (PDW) z kondensatu dymu uzyskanego podczas suchej destylacji drewna wg Polskich Patentów 49216, 52159, 80096. Opracowana metoda polega na wyeliminowaniu w pierwszym etapie z surowego produktu zasad azotowych przez kilkakrotne przemycia kwasem mineralnym, bądź na potraktowaniu go kwasem fosforowym w celu związania tych zasad. Powstałe związki kwasu fosforowego, jak również sam kwas fosforowy, nie są usuwane z kondensatu dymu. Surowy produkt poddaje się z kolei dwuetapowej destylacji pod zmniejszonym ciśnieniem w atmosferze gazu obojętnego w obecności pyłu cynkowego, glinowego lub żelazowego (ok. 1-10%). W pierwszym etapie destylacji odrzuca się frakcje wrzące poniżej 91 °C/20 mm, a następnie odbiera się drugą frakcję o temp. wrzenia 70-144°C/0,6 mm, która stanowi końcowy produkt-PDW. Według innego wariantu kondensat dymu pozbawiany zasad azotowych i frakcji wrzącej 110°C/30 mm poddaje się destylacji ekstrakcyjnej z glicerolem do 180°C/10 mm. Destylat po oddzieleniu od glicerolu stanowi PDW, o składzie chemicznym zbliżonym do poprzedniego preparatu.
Źródło:
Acta Alimentaria Polonica; 1977, 03, 3
0137-1495
Pojawia się w:
Acta Alimentaria Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spectral sets
Autorzy:
J. Koliha, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1220096.pdf
Data publikacji:
1997
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Opis:
The paper studies spectral sets of elements of Banach algebras as the zeros of holomorphic functions and describes them in terms of existence of idempotents. A new decomposition theorem characterizing spectral sets is obtained for bounded linear operators.
Źródło:
Studia Mathematica; 1997, 123, 2; 97-107
0039-3223
Pojawia się w:
Studia Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Religia cywilna w pismach J. J. Rousseau
The Civil Religion in J. J. Rousseau’s Writings
Autorzy:
Zubel, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1872799.pdf
Data publikacji:
1984
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Opis:
Rousseau’s philosophical-social system originated on the basis of French society’s affaires in the 18th century. French society was characterized then by a state of social disintegration, resulting from the lack of social consensus in the matter of culture and from the lack of solidarity in social matters. Rousseau’s intention was to put a stop to the progressing state of disintegration of values and norms in society and disintegration of social groups and to give society the state of homoestasis. In his opinion the reformation of the settled „order” could be carried out only when basing on the social consensus but this should be restricted by the religious sanction. He called this system of overcoming the anomaly and settling cultural and social norms „Religion civile”. The term is coined by Rousseau himself and given by him specific meaning. According to Rousseau only religion which introduces order in society and individuals can justify its existence. The religion which would turn out most suitable for the state would be this true one. In his teaching the interest of the state, which is identified with the interest of every individual decides about the meaning of the civil religion. On the whole. Rousseau understood a minimal social consensus under the term civil religion. This social consensus would mean a group of beliefs, norms and practices which would be accepted by all members of society. This, in turn, would lead to settling cultural and social norms in the country and would make man stay in agreement with himself and other people. The consensus would have the form of a confession of civil faith and would determine the positive social maxims recognized and approved of by every individual; it would determine negative all those intolerant maxims which should be rejected by society. Rousseau’s construction is directed towards reconciliation between freedom of the individual and its restrictions resulting from the requirements of social life. The maxims come within the domain of the civil religion doctrine which postulates the defined form of cult, ie. a defined manner of conduct towards the beliefs considered as „holy”. The doctrine and cult of the civil religion created from the consensus will primarily have the integrating function. Rousseau’s system, despite the fact that it does not solve all the antinomies of life in society, has many ideas which were developed by other thinkers. His system, and particularly the „social consensus”, was the basis of many revolutionaries’ political education; thus it had its share in the preparation of the French Revolution. The inspiring character of this doctrine can be easily seen in the thoughts of the classics of German philosophy — in Kant and Hegel. It also had a considerable influence on the French thinkers — Comte and Durkheim.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 1984, 12, 1; 239-253
0137-4176
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On chaotic curves
Autorzy:
Charatonik, J. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/726748.pdf
Data publikacji:
1979
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Źródło:
Colloquium Mathematicum; 1979, 41, 2; 219-236
0010-1354
Pojawia się w:
Colloquium Mathematicum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Physicians’ religiosity and attitudes towards patients
Autorzy:
Pawlikowski, J.
Sak, J.J.
Marczewski, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/51723.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Opis:
Background: Many religions underline the value of merciful acts, especially the care of the sick. The aim of the survey was to verify the hypothesis that a higher religiosity correlates with a more desirable ethical attitude towards patients. Method: An anonymous questionnaire consisting of standardized tools: Scale of Attitudes towards the Patient (SAtP) (four dimensions: respect for autonomy, altruism, empathy and holistic approach to a patient), the Scale of Religious Attitudes (SReAt) evaluating the religiosity, and some questions related to the role of religious beliefs in respondents’ professional lives. The research was carried out on a group of 528 Polish physicians, 324 of whom returned the questionnaire (return = 61%); 51% women, 49% men; average work experience: 17.03 years; 93% Catholics. Results: Religiosity correlates positively with altruism (r=0.12; p<0.05), holistic approach (r=0.18; p<0.01) and empathy (r=0.20; p<0.01), but not with respect for autonomy. For the majority of physicians, religious faith is an important supportive factor, especially in making difficult decisions. Surgeons are less religious (M=5.32; SD=1.06) than non-surgeons (M=5.61; SD=0.93); (t= -2.59, p<0.05). Conclusion: Physicians’ religiosity is an essential factor shaping their attitude towards patients. The majority of physicians declared that their religious faith influences their professional decisions, especially in difficult situations. The religiosity variable explains physicians’ moral attitude better than the denomination (religious affiliation) variable. Physician-patient relation frameworks should take into account not only patients’ but also physicians’ cultural and religious beliefs.
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2012, 19, 3
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Graphs and their spectra
Autorzy:
Seidel, J. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/720937.pdf
Data publikacji:
1989
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Źródło:
Banach Center Publications; 1989, 25, 1; 147-162
0137-6934
Pojawia się w:
Banach Center Publications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kategoria duchowości - ślady obecności w tekstach J.J. Rousseau, J.H. Pestalozziego i J.F. Herbarta
Autorzy:
Znaniecka, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2041543.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
spirituality
religiosity
morality
history of pedagogy
Opis:
This article provides an analysis of the category of spirituality found in the texts of classical pedagogues such as: J.J. Rousseau, J.H. Pestalozzi and J.F. Herbart. Spirituality appears in these texts in the sense of morality and its varieties such as the heart, the inner life, but also the mental horizon. This way of understanding spirituality traditionally has belonged to religious context and is particularly visible in herbartian pedagogy. In the texts of Rousseau and Pestalozzi there is a belief that institutionalized religion called to be representative of morality is not fulfilling its role properly. Therefore, they establish the higher instance of religion - noninstitutional, personal, internal, involving an independent search for meaning in life. What attracts particular attention is the fact that despite the high rank given to the thread of morality/spirituality by presented here authors, this issue remains the “fuzzy” concept and lacks of detailed indications as to the ways of its implementation. This ambiguity, which operates poetic language and the lack of specific references of a practical nature, seems to be one of the causes acting on behalf of the exclusion of spirituality from the educational impact. This analysis is the first stage of the theoretical description of spirituality, which in the field of pedagogy is very fragmented, ambiguous, and thus difficult to undergo pedagogical reflection. It is also a step towards “disenchantment” of the analyzed category, by which I mean the process of rational and critical overview of spirituality; this in turn paves the way for realizing the sense that I find in making the category of spirituality useful for pedagogy: undergoing reflection and being translated into educational practice.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2015, 3(109); 72-91
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O mechanicznem przygotowaniu drewna
Autorzy:
-, -
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178582.pdf
Data publikacji:
1829
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
uzytkowanie lasu
drewno
wyrob drewna
drzewa lesne
drzewo uzytkowe [j.nowopolski]
drzewo wyborowe [j.nowopolski]
drzewo rekodzielne [j.nowopolski]
drzewo budowlane [j.nowopolski]
drzewo narzedziowe [j.nowopolski]
drzewo opalowe [j.nowopolski]
obrobka mechaniczna
pozyskiwanie drewna
Źródło:
Sylwan; 1829, 006, 1
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Growth of the product $∏^n_{j=1} (1-x^{a_j})$
Autorzy:
Bell, J.
Borwein, P.
Richmond, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1390697.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Opis:
We estimate the maximum of $∏^n_{j=1} |1 - x^{a_j}|$ on the unit circle where 1 ≤ a₁ ≤ a₂ ≤ ... is a sequence of integers. We show that when $a_j$ is $j^k$ or when $a_j$ is a quadratic in j that takes on positive integer values, the maximum grows as exp(cn), where c is a positive constant. This complements results of Sudler and Wright that show exponential growth when $a_j$ is j.
   In contrast we show, under fairly general conditions, that the maximum is less than $2^n/n^r$, where r is an arbitrary positive number. One consequence is that the number of partitions of m with an even number of parts chosen from $a₁,...,a_n$ is asymptotically equal to the number of such partitions with an odd number of parts when $a_i$ satisfies these general conditions.
Źródło:
Acta Arithmetica; 1998, 86, 2; 155-170
0065-1036
Pojawia się w:
Acta Arithmetica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study of Si(111) Implanted with As Ions by X-Ray Diffraction and Grazing Incidence Methods
Autorzy:
Pełka, J. B.
Górecka, J.
Auleytner, J.
Domagała, J.
Bąk-Misiuk, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1964119.pdf
Data publikacji:
1997-05
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
68.55.Ln
68.55.Jk
Opis:
The Si(111) wafer cut from a bulk single crystal obtained by the Czochralski method was implanted with 5×10$\text{}^{16}$ I cm$\text{}^{-2}$ of As ions of energy 80 keV. The dose applied was chosen above the amorphization limit of the silicon substrate. Two samples, implanted and a reference, were studied by grazing incidence X-ray reflectometry and X-ray diffraction methods using a high resolution Philips MRD system equipped with a Cu source and a channel-cut monochromator. The obtained spectra were compared with distributions of ion range and defect production calculated with TRIM program [1], as well as with theoretical models of reflectivity [2, 3]. The results of grazing incidence X-ray reflectometry reflectivity of the implanted sample show well-pronounced oscillations, which can be associated with a layer about 50 nm thick, approximately comparable to the thickness of the defected layer estimated from the TRIM method. Theoretical calculations of reflectivity clearly indicate an occurrence of a Si layer of electron density lower about 10-15% comparing to the unimplanted Si sample. This can be due to the vacancy production during ion implantation. A comparison of the spectra with a density distribution profile concluded from the TRIM calculations shows large discrepancies. The results indicate the applicability of grazing incidence X-ray reflectometry method in a study of amorphization processes in implanted layers.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1997, 91, 5; 905-910
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Families of spheres
Autorzy:
Bruce, J. W.
Giblin, P. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/721204.pdf
Data publikacji:
1988
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Źródło:
Banach Center Publications; 1988, 20, 1; 85-102
0137-6934
Pojawia się w:
Banach Center Publications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Infrared Detectors - New Trends
Autorzy:
Piotrowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1872382.pdf
Data publikacji:
1995-02
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
78.30.-j
Opis:
Recent trends in infrared detectors are towards large, electronically addressed two-dimensional arrays and higher operating temperature. This will lead both to higher performance and to smaller, lighter and more affordable IR systems. Cooling requirements are the main obstacle to the more widespread use of infrared systems based on semiconductor photodetectors, particularly in the civil field. Fundamental limitations to performance of IR photodetectors are due to the statistical nature of generation-recombination processes and resulting noise. Ways to overcome the limitations are discussed including use of the optical immersion and optical resonant cavity. Finally, the progress in a mode of operation is presented, in which the thermal generation of carriers is suppressed by the use of stationary depletion of narrow gap semiconductors. The practical near room temperature narrow gap semiconductor photodetectors are reported. Competitive technologies based on Schottky barrier devices and low dimensional solids are considered briefly.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1995, 87, 2; 303-316
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prostredné obdobie tvorby Ludwiga J. J. Wittgensteina
Autorzy:
Ambrozy, Marián
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/485651.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Źródło:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2017, 1(24); 108-113
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-25 z 64356

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