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Tytuł:
Pytioza
Pythiosis
Autorzy:
Gliński, Zdzisław
Żmuda, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22180754.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna
Tematy:
konie
psy
koty
pytioza
Pythium insidiosum
objawy chorobowe
diagnostyka
profilaktyka
leczenie
choroby zwierząt
drogi zakażenia
pythiosis
dog
horse
humans
Opis:
This review aims at the presentation of rare, sporadic infection in animals and humans, following contact with contaminated water. Pythiosis, caused by a water mould Pythium insidiosum, occurs primarily in dogs, horses and humans, but can also affect calves, sheep, cats, birds and even panthers and tigers. Susceptible hosts become infected after contact with motile zoospores, that invade the wounded skin when the animals wade in stagnant water containing this opportunistic organism. In dogs, pythiosis affects the gastrointestinal system and lymph nodes, and seldom the skin. The clinical symptoms include vomiting, weight loss, intermittent diarrhea and palpable masses in the abdomen. Expansion of the infection to the pancreas, mesenteric lymph nodes and bile ducts can occur. Extensive weight loss may be evident. Cutaneous pythiosis is the usual presentation in horses. Skin lesions are pyogranulomatous or fibrogranulomatous and tend to be progressive. In the horse the lesions are large (up to 45 cm), discharging swellings, usually on the extremities, ventral trunk or head. Yellow, necrotic masses termed “kunkers” or “leeches” can be removed intact from the granulomas. Nasal mucosa can be involved. The respiratory condition caused by inhalation of aerosolized Pythium spores is a Pythium-induced allergic syndrome. In humans, three forms of pythiosis are observed: granulomatous and ulcerative lesions involving the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the limbs and face, ophthalmic pythiosis causing keratitis, and systemic pythiosis with vascular involvement leading to vasculitis, thrombosis and aneurysms.
Źródło:
Życie Weterynaryjne; 2021, 96, 01; 23-27
0137-6810
Pojawia się w:
Życie Weterynaryjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Transgraniczne choroby zwierząt
Transboundary animal diseases
Autorzy:
Gliński, Zdzisław
Żmuda, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22181072.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna
Tematy:
choroby transgraniczne
przyczyny
profilaktyka
choroby zwierząt
choroby zakaźne
występowanie
rozprzestrzenianie się chorób zwierząt
transboundary animal diseases
contagious and epidemic diseases
Opis:
Transboundary animal diseases (TADs), are highly contagious and epidemic diseases that can spread extremely fast, irrespective of national borders and cause high animals death rates. They have serious socio-economic and public health consequences and they affect food and nutrition security, global livestock production and seriously disrupt or inhibit livestock and livestock products trade at either national or international level. Globalization, climate changes and land encroachment contribute to outbreaks of devastating animal diseases. TADs include also diseases transmissible to humans (brucellosis, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, MERS, Nipah), and high-impact animal diseases (peste des petites ruminants, African swine fever, Newcastle disease, Schmallenberg disease, bluetongue, African horse sickness). There are evidences suggesting that threats from TADs have increased over the years. The risk of animal disease outbreaks is likely to further grow in future as the higher incomes in developing countries will generate growing humans demand for animal protein and animal derived products. This article provides the experience gained in the control and management of important transboundary diseases along with the successes, constraints, limitations and future research needs for developing better control approaches.
Źródło:
Życie Weterynaryjne; 2022, 97, 01; 21-27
0137-6810
Pojawia się w:
Życie Weterynaryjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Epidemie i pandemie chorób zakaźnych
Epidemics and pandemics of infectious diseases
Autorzy:
Gliński, Zdzisław
Żmuda, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22039813.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna
Tematy:
epidemie
pandemie
historia
modele matematyczne
choroby zakaźne
rozwój epidemii
epidemic
pandemic
history
development
mathematical models
Opis:
Throughout the course of civilization, epidemics and pandemics have ravaged humanity, destroyed animal breeding and horticulture, and has also changed the course of history. It has been estimated that Justinian plague has affected half of the population of Europe and killed in three pandemics 50 million people, the avian-borne flu (Spanish flu), resulted in 50 million deaths worldwide in the years 1918–1919, and recently the COVID-19 is officially a pandemic, after barreling through 114 countries in just three months. In the past, rinderpest has hit Europe with three long panzootics, African swine fever (ASF), is still a threat to both the swine production industry and the health of wild boar populations. Several molecular changes occur in the pathogen that may trigger an epidemic or even pandemic. These include increase of virulence, introduction into a novel host, and changes in host susceptibility to the pathogen. Once the infectious disease threat reaches an epidemic or pandemic level, the goal of the response is to mitigate its impact and reduce its incidence, morbidity and mortality as well as disruptions to economic, political, and social systems. An epidemic curve shows progression of illnesses in an outbreak over time and the SIR, SI, SIRD and SEIR represent the simplest compartmental models that enable simplify the mathematical modelling of epidemics. This article throws a light on changing ideas in epidemiology of infectious diseases.
Źródło:
Życie Weterynaryjne; 2020, 95, 09; 554-560
0137-6810
Pojawia się w:
Życie Weterynaryjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ospa małpia potencjalnym zagrożeniem
Monkeypox – a potential zoonotic threat
Autorzy:
Gliński, Zdzisław
Żmuda, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22403346.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna
Tematy:
ospa malpia
epidemiologia
charakterystyka
patogeneza
rozpoznanie
człowiek
zagrożenia zdrowia
choroby odzwierzęce
wirus ospy małpiej
wrota zakażenia
drogi zakażenia
monkeypox
smallpox
pathology
control
Opis:
Monkeypox is an emerging zoonotic disease and a potential biological weapon. It is caused by enveloped, complex, double-stranded DNA Orthopoxvirus (Poxviridae), closely related to smallpox virus. Since 1958 monkeypox has been reported in people in several central and western African countries, USA and Europe. Transmission of monkeypox virus (MPV), occurs when a person comes into close contact with skin lesions, body fluids, respiratory droplets from infected animal or human, or with contaminated fomites. Monkeypox is a communicable disease in nonhuman primates, wild rodents and prairie dogs. Clinical symptoms in prairie dogs and hon-human primates include cough, history of fever, conjunctivitis, lack of appetite, respiratory signs and rash. In humans, the disease begins with fever, headache, muscle aches, and exhaustion. The patient develops a rash progressing to macules, papules, vesicles, pustules and scabs, often resembling chickenpox. In monkeypox human cases lymphadenopathy is prominent distinguishing this disease from smallpox, already eradicated worldwide. In the African epidemics, 90% of the patients were children below 15 years of age. Monkeypox can be diagnosed with molecular methods (RT-PCR, pan-orthopox PCR), immunohistochemistry, isolation of MPV in cell culture, ELISA and or electron microscopy. To treat patients and to control monkeypox outbreak, the smallpox vaccine, antivirals drugs, and vaccinia immune globulin (VIG) can be used. Monkeypox is a disease of global public health importance and in this article major issues related to this emerging zoonosis are presented.
Źródło:
Życie Weterynaryjne; 2022, 97, 07; 433-437
0137-6810
Pojawia się w:
Życie Weterynaryjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Afrykański pomór koni
African horse sickness
Autorzy:
Gliński, Zdzisław
Żmuda, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22392763.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna
Tematy:
konie
epidemiologia
etiologia
patogeneza
objawy kliniczne
zmiany anatomopatologiczne
rozpoznanie
profilaktyka
choroby zwierząt
afrykański pomór koni
postępowanie ze zwierzętami
African horse sickness clinical cases
diagnosis
prophylaxis
Opis:
African horse sickness is a highly infectious and devastating disease that causes great suffering and many fatalities in equids. It commonly affects horses, mules, donkeys and dogs. The disease is caused by nine different serotypes of the African horse sickness virus, ASHV, genus Orbivirus (Reoviridae), and it is spread mainly by hematophagous arthropods of the Culicoides. Some crossreactions are observed between 1 and 2,3 and 7,5 and 8, and 6 and 9 serotypes. Clinical forms of AHS include peracute pulmonary, subacute cardiac, and mixed as well as subclinical (horse sickness fever). The most severe, with mortality rates exceeding 95%, is the pulmonary form, accompanied by fever, mild depression, sweating, spasmodic coughing, anorexia and respiratory distress. The subacute cardiac form with a mortality of about 50%, is characterized by fever, swelling of the head, neck and supraorbital fossae and sometimes, petechial hemorrhages in the eyes. The mildest form of the disease is generally not fatal and is accompanied by a low grade fever, anorexia, depression and congestion of the mucous membranes. The most common cases with a 70% mortality rate, are mixture of the pulmonary and cardiac forms. Differential diagnosis include equine encephalosis virus (also Orbivirus), equine infectious anemia, equine viral arteritis, anaplasmosis, babesiosis, or theileriosis. Clinical AHS cases have also been described in dogs, with acute respiratory distress syndrome or sudden death. Diagnosis of the disease is based on typical clinical signs and lesions, a history consistent with vector transmission and confirmation by laboratory detection of virus and/or anti-virus antibodies. Currently, prevention and control of African horse sickness is based on administration of live attenuated vaccines and control of the arthropod vectors.
Źródło:
Życie Weterynaryjne; 2022, 97, 06; 385-389
0137-6810
Pojawia się w:
Życie Weterynaryjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Postanowienie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 30 lipca 2018 r. o nadaniu odznaczeń.
Powiązania:
Monitor Polski 2018, poz. 906
Data publikacji:
2018
Tematy:
Łukaszewski, Witold Adam
Masztalerz, Waldemar
Woźniak, Mariusz Piotr
Żmuda, Andrzej
Ordery i odznaczenia wojskowe
Wojskowy Krzyż Zasługi
Publikacje urzędowe i akty prawne
Opis:
Za dokonany w czasie służby czyn przynoszący szczególną korzyść Wojskom Lądowym, a wykraczający poza zwykły obowiązek.
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Enzootyczne ronienie owiec
Enzootic abortion in sheep
Autorzy:
Gliński, Zdzisław
Żmuda, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22416175.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna
Tematy:
owce
zaburzenia rozrodu
enzootyczne ronienie owiec
Chlamydophila abortus
epidemiologia
etiologia
patogeneza
zmiany anatomopatologiczne
objawy kliniczne
rozpoznanie
rozród zwierząt
postępowanie ze zwierzętami
enzootic abortion
ewes
pregnancy
vaccines
Źródło:
Życie Weterynaryjne; 2022, 97, 08; 533-537
0137-6810
Pojawia się w:
Życie Weterynaryjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Koronawirusy i koronawirozy człowieka i zwierząt
Humans and animals coronaviruses and coronaviroses
Autorzy:
Gliński, Zdzisław
Żmuda, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22018917.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna
Tematy:
wirusologia
koronawirusy
Coronaviridae
koronawirozy
patogeneza
koronawirusy ludzkie
objawy chorobowe
czynniki chorobotwórcze
choroby człowieka
choroby zwierząt
koronawirusy zwierzęce
coronaviruses
human and animal coronaviroses
Opis:
Coronaviruses cause a large variety of diseases in humans, livestock, companion and also in wild animals. Three times in the 21st century, coronavirus outbreaks (SARS, MERS and COVID-19), have emerged from animal reservoirs to cause severe diseases in humans and global transmission concerns. There are hundreds of coronaviruses, most of which circulate among animals including pigs, cattle, ferrets, rabbits, camels, bats, cats and dogs. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGE-CoV), and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PED-CoV), cause severe gastroenteritis in young piglets, leading to significant morbidity, mortality, and ultimately economic losses. Bovine CoV, Rat CoV, and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), cause mild to severe infections in cattle, rats, and chickens, respectively. Feline coronavirus enteritis causes a mild or asymptomatic infection in domestic cats, but feline infectious peritonitis coronavirus (FIP-CoV), causes a lethal disease in the domestic cat, and other members of the Felidae family. Sometimes, animal coronaviruses evolve to infect a new host species and spread in that new host, animal or human, causing disease. This host jump or cross-species transmission may lead to serious consequences for a new host population. This review focuses on the etiology, epidemiology, disease mechanisms and pathogenesis as well as bioasecurity and immunoprophylaxis against coronaviral infections.
Źródło:
Życie Weterynaryjne; 2020, 95, 06; 335-346
0137-6810
Pojawia się w:
Życie Weterynaryjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cytokiny i burza cytokinowa przyczyną zaburzeń wielonarządowych i śmierci
Cytokines and cytokine storm - the cause of multiorgan failure and death
Autorzy:
Gliński, Zdzisław
Żmuda, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22180984.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna
Tematy:
cytokiny
burza cytokinowa
stany zapalne
infekcja bakteryjna
infekcja wirusowa
COVID-19
zaburzenia wielonarządowe
cytokines
cytokine storm
inflammation
Opis:
Cytokines are low molecular weight signaling proteins which have a complex regulatory influence on inflammation and the immune system T-cells response. In response to various stimuli, cytokines are secreted by different cells predominantly white blood cells. Regulation of immune homeostasis requires a balance between sufficient cytokine produ hey integrate functions of several cell types into a coherent immune action to eliminate the pathogen and avoidance of a hyperinflammatory response. Pyroptosis, oncosis and necroptosis are inflammatory, lytic forms of programmed cell death that protect against infections and can be triggered by pathogen and host molecules. Inflammation, complex response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators, is part of innate defense mechanisms and plays a role in the healing process. Beyond the innate and adaptive immunity, cytokines has a major role in cytokine storm. No single definition of cytokine storm or the cytokine release syndrome, is widely accepted. Cytokine storm is based on the elevated circulating cytokine levels, acute systemic inflammatory reactions and dysfunction. Cases can progress rapidly to disseminated intravascular coagulation with either vascular occlusion or catastrophic hemorrhages, dyspnea, hypoxia, hypotension, hemostatic imbalance, vasodilatory shock, and death. In this article, interdependence of these inflammatory mediators in a normal and a dysregulated response was presented.
Źródło:
Życie Weterynaryjne; 2021, 96, 07; 482-487
0137-6810
Pojawia się w:
Życie Weterynaryjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zwierzęta łowne rezerwuarem chorób zakaźnych dla zwierząt hodowlanych
Game animals are reservoir of infectious diseases for livestock
Autorzy:
Gliński, Zdzisław
Żmuda, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22180989.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna
Tematy:
rezerwuary zarazka
bioasekuracja
zwierzęta gospodarskie
zwierzęta hodowlane
choroby zwierząt
choroby zakaźne
zwierzęta dziko żyjące
zwierzęta łowne
rozprzestrzenianie się chorób
Opis:
Infectious diseases, at the interface between wild animals and livestock, have been observed and studied for decades. Recently, there has been an upsurge in our understanding of the epidemiology of multi-host infections and availability of better diagnostic tools. Many diseases, affecting livestock, have already been identified in wildlife, especially in wild ungulates. Numerous factors, most anthropogenic, have facilitated the emergence of diseases from wildlife. Increasing interactions between wildlife, humans and domestic animals may always result in disease emergence, that requires innovative strategies for disease surveillance and management in wildlife. The frequency of emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases in wildlife reservoirs has recently increased. That is posing new questions about diseases pathogenesis and epidemiology and is heightening the urgency of finding effective wildlife disease management. The goal for disease management in wildlife is to develop efficacious ways to accomplish standard animal disease management practices of vaccination, therapy, quarantine, surveillance, testing and slaughter, or depopulation, when needed. This article provides the most comprehensive overview of the knowledge on infectious diseases at the wildlife–livestock interface. Furthermore, the risk factors associated with interactions between wild and domestic animals, regarding emerging infectious diseases are summarized.
Źródło:
Życie Weterynaryjne; 2021, 96, 08; 559-565
0137-6810
Pojawia się w:
Życie Weterynaryjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czy Candida auris jest nowym groźnym patogenem?
Is Candida auris a new threatening fungal pathogen?
Autorzy:
Gliński, Zdzisław
Żmuda, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22181023.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna
Tematy:
grzyby
Candida auris
epidemiologia
grzybice
objawy kliniczne
rozpoznanie
leczenie
drogi zakażenia
czynniki chorobotwórcze
lekooporność
źródła zakażenia
antifungal therapy
diagnostic techniques
drugs resistance
Opis:
This article aims at presenting an emerging, yeast-related, health threat. Candida auris (Metschnikowiaceae, Candida/Clavispora clade), is an emerging fungus, that presents a serious global health threat. It causes wounds, ears, respiratory and urinary tracts infections. In some patients, these yeasts can enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body, causing serious systemic infections. C.auris is often resistant to commonly used antifungal drugs, such as amphotericin B, polyenes or echinocandins, making infections difficult to treat. C. auris persists in the environment for months, and persistent environmental contamination, contaminated medical equipment and other fomites, are believed to play a role in nosocomial C. auris transmission. Specialized laboratory methods (RT-PCR, MALDI-TOF MS), are needed to accurately identify C. auris yeast. Echinocandins are currently recommended as first-line therapy in adults and in infants (children above 2 months of age). For neonates amphotericin B deoxycholate is recommended. It is suspected, that C. auris may also be pathogenic to animals.
Źródło:
Życie Weterynaryjne; 2021, 96, 10; 709-712
0137-6810
Pojawia się w:
Życie Weterynaryjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ transferu patogenów na profilaktykę i zwalczanie zoonoz
Zoonoses preventive measures influenced by the transfer of pathogens
Autorzy:
Gliński, Zdzisław
Żmuda, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22180744.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna
Tematy:
zoonozy
rezerwuary zarazka
ksenozoonozy
metazoonozy
cyklozoonozy
kontrola transmisji
profilaktyka
transfer patogenów
zwalczanie chorób
rozprzestrzenianie się chorób
zoonoses
pathogens transmission
control measures
Opis:
Zoonoses comprise a large percentage of all newly identified as well as already existing infectious diseases. Numerous extrinsic factors or drivers, provide conditions that allow for a selected pathogen to expand and adapt to a new niche. These are in most, ecological, political, economic, and social forces operating at local, national, regional, and global levels. Many zoonotic agents fall into the category of pathogens exhibiting extensive animal species diversity, so they can successfully infect hosts, ranging from domestic animals to wildlife - mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, but also invertebrates - insects and ticks. Zoonotic pathogens can be spreading through aerosol, direct contact, fomites, and insects (vectors) bites. However, the foodborne transmission remains a major public health threat, which is quite difficult to eradicate in the food chain. Prevention of dissemination of the zoonotic diseases is based on the identification of their causative agents and the control of their spread in animal populations. This should be effectively complemented with preventive measures in the farm – regular cleaning and disinfecting, control of vectors, food and water hygiene, herd vaccination and also antibiotic therapy, if necessary. In this article we discuss all these aspects, including farm workers personal hygiene as well, to reduce the contribution of humans as vectors of some infectious agents.
Źródło:
Życie Weterynaryjne; 2020, 95, 12; 747-755
0137-6810
Pojawia się w:
Życie Weterynaryjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmienność wirusów - przyczyny i skutki
Genetic viral variability - causes and effects
Autorzy:
Gliński, Zdzisław
Żmuda, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22181107.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna
Tematy:
wirusologia
wirusy
wirusy RNA
wirus grypy
wirus dengi
wirus zika
wirus Zachodniego Nilu
koronawirusy
przyczyny
mutacje
rekombinacja
skutki
wirus wścieklizny
zmienność genetyczna
RNA viruses
genetic variability
mutation
recombination
Opis:
Viruses are endowed with a great ability to adapt to different environments. It means altering their cellular tropism and crossing host animal species barriers. The basis of their evolutionary success lies in subtle genetic changes through mutations and major genetic changes through recombination and nucleotide substitution. Genetic recombination is one of the primary processes that produce the genetic diversity upon which natural selection acts. RNA viruses have a great potential for genetic variation, rapid evolution and adaptation. Since influenza viruses have segmented genome, the reassortment is among important mechanisms for generation of new hybrid strains and/or subtypes. The modifications of viral RNA genome are frequently dependent on RNA polymerases erroneous action during replication, on the evolutionary pressure, on the novel environment of the host, the immune pressure, or antiviral drugs pressure. Shift to the new host species and virus transmission by insect vectors induced changes due to positive selection of variants with higher fitness for host-virus or vector-virus interactions. This article covers basic aspects of genetic diversity mechanisms of mutation and recombination of selected RNA viruses. The Influenza virus, Denga, Zika, West Nile, Rabies and SARS‑CoV-2 are just among several examples of virus genetic variations, that influence rapid evolution of viral diseases, and make design of reliable vaccine quite difficult.
Źródło:
Życie Weterynaryjne; 2022, 97, 02; 75-80
0137-6810
Pojawia się w:
Życie Weterynaryjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tężec - ostra neuroinfekcja ludzi i zwierząt
Tetanus - acute neuroinfection of humans and animals
Autorzy:
Gliński, Zdzisław
Żmuda, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22180826.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna
Tematy:
epidemiologia
Clostridium tetani
patofizjologia
toksyny
tetanospazmina
tetanolizyna
objawy kliniczne
zmiany anatomopatologiczne
diagnostyka
leczenie
profilaktyka
choroby człowieka
choroby zwierząt
tężec
laseczka tężca
tetanus
prophylactic measures
treatment
Opis:
This article aims at the reviewing current measures in prophylaxis and treatment of tetanus, well known neuroinfection, frequently met in farm animals and also in companion animals. Tetanus is a common neurologic disease, occurring as well in humans and characterized by spastic paralysis. It is caused by tetanus toxin, tetanospasmin, produced by Clostridium tetani, environmental, soil borne, anaerobic, Gram-positive, sporulating bacterium.Horses and humans appear to be the most susceptible of all mammals, whereas cattle, dogs, and cats are more resistant. The usual route of infection is a soil-contaminated injury, particularly deep, penetrating wounds, where necrotic tissues promote germination of spores, multiplication of anaerobic C. tetani and toxin production. The wound may be trivial, even unnoticed. The diagnosis of tetanus is mainly based on the typical clinical signs: jaw cramping, muscle spasm, painful muscle stiffness, seizures, changes in blood pressure and heart rate, and also on ELISA testing for tetanospasmin. Identification of C. tetani at the portal of entry is often difficult. Prevention of tetanus depends on the regular immunization with tetanus toxoid. Treatment consists of wound care, medications to ease symptoms and supportive care.
Źródło:
Życie Weterynaryjne; 2021, 96, 05; 317-321
0137-6810
Pojawia się w:
Życie Weterynaryjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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