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    Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12
    Tytuł:
    Wzrost wysokosci i niektore cechy morfologiczne przesadek (1-2) sosny zwyczajnej [Pinus sylvestris L.] 20 pochodzen polskich
    Autorzy:
    Gunia, S.
    Zybura, B.
    Zybura, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/824018.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1993
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    wzrost roslin
    proweniencje
    hodowla lasu
    sadzonki
    przezywalnosc roslin
    cechy morfologiczne
    sosna zwyczajna
    lesnictwo
    Pinus sylvestris
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 1993, 137, 01; 45-53
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wieloletnia dynamika starodrzewów w zagospodarowanej części Puszczy Białowieskiej: gatunki ekspansywne i ustępujące
    Long-term dynamics of old-growth stands in the managed part of the Bialowieza Forest: increasing and declining tree species
    Autorzy:
    Drozdowski, S.
    Brzeziecki, B.
    Żybura, H.
    Żybura, B.
    Gawron, L.
    Buraczyk, W.
    Zajączkowski, J.
    Bolibok, L.
    Szeligowski, H.
    Bielak, K.
    Widawska, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1008501.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Puszcza Bialowieska
    starodrzew
    dynamika drzewostanu
    drzewa lesne
    swierk
    grab
    jesion
    olsza
    dab
    lipa
    brzoza
    klon
    sosna
    wiaz
    zageszczenie drzew
    piersnicowe pole przekroju
    piersnice drzew
    gatunki ekspansywne
    gatunki ustepujace
    stale powierzchnie obserwacyjne
    badania dlugoterminowe
    old−growth forest
    permanent plot
    long−term trend
    population density
    population dynamics
    tree species
    Opis:
    In the paper, an assessment of tree population dynamics in the old−growth stands of the managed part of the Białowieża Forest is presented. Data from five permanent sample plots with a total size of 9.3 ha and six inventories that cover the period 1949−2006, were used. Depending on the dynamic status, determined on the basis of changes in a number of individuals per hectare, basal area and quadratic mean diameter, three major groups of tree species were distinguished: 1) an increasing group, containing only hornbeam and lime; 2) a stable group, involving alder and spruce and 3) a declining group consisting of oak, ash, maple, pine, birch, elm and aspen.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2012, 156, 09; 663-671
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Naturalne zmiany skladu gatunkowego i struktury piersnic drzewostanu na siedlisku olsu jesionowego w okresie 47 lat. Sukcesja czy regeneracja
    Autorzy:
    Brzezicki, B.
    Zybura, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/816931.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1998
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    zmiany skladu gatunkowego
    siedlisko olsu jesionowego
    zmiany struktury piersnic
    piersnicowe pole przekroju
    powierzchnie badawcze
    Nadlesnictwo Bialowieza
    lesnictwo
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 1998, 142, 04; 19-31
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wykorzystanie dolnych warstw drzewostanu w planowaniu hodowlanym
    Under-canopy layers in silvicultural planning
    Autorzy:
    Żybura, H.
    Pewniak, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989497.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    hodowla lasu
    planowanie hodowlane
    drzewostany sosnowe
    drzewostany wielopietrowe
    podszyt
    dab
    Quercus
    odnowienia podokapowe
    jakosc hodowlana
    scots pine
    oak
    silvicultural value
    multi−layer stands
    Opis:
    Currently observed climate change creates favourable conditions for the development of not only deciduous species (oak and beech), but also some coniferous (e.g. fir). In the Scots pine stands growing on fertile forest site types one can observe the dynamic development of the under−canopy layers composed of those species. Oak or beech saplings are often characterized by good silvicultural value. Also silver fir creates a well−developed cover under Scots pine trees. Beech and fir as the most shade−tolerant tree species are able to handle the conditions under Scots pine. They can grow for a long time under the cover without damage to their height or diameter growth. Especially, a dynamic growth of oaks can often be observed on fresh mixed coniferous and fresh mixed broadleaved habitats. Oak layers in Scots pine stands are generally created in the way of natural regeneration with remarkable contribution of the jays, which spread the seeds even at considerable distances from the old trees. The corresponding intensity of thinnings supports to shape the proper silvicultural value of such under−canopy storeys. Observations on growth of such stand layers in the Scots pine stands in eastern and central Poland consider the desirability of including them in the next generation of stands. Their presence contributes to improvement of the biological stability of the stands, and also leads to increased productivity. By implementing to the forest practice the model of semi−natural silviculture, one wants to consider the possibility of using the saplings currently existing under the Scots pine as a component of the future stand. Knowledge about the silvicultural value and the impact on growth of lower layers will enable to develop the principles of proper cultivation of the multi−storey stands.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 10; 815-821
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Cechy biometryczne podrostów dębowych pochodzenia naturalnego rosnących pod osłoną drzewostanów sosnowych
    Biometric features of oak advance-growth growing under Scots pine canopy
    Autorzy:
    Żybura, H.
    Pewniak, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989077.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    hodowla lasu
    drzewostany sosnowe
    sosna zwyczajna
    Pinus sylvestris
    siedlisko boru mieszanego swiezego
    siedlisko lasu mieszanego swiezego
    podrost
    dab
    Quercus
    cechy biometryczne
    odnowienia podokapowe
    scots pine
    oak
    biometric features
    canopy
    Opis:
    The objectives of the study was to investigate and compare the characteristics of oak advance−growth of various age present under Scots pine canopy and growing on the mesic mixed coniferous (BMśw) or mesic mixed deciduous (LMśw) forest site types. The study was conducted in Kolumna Forest District (central Poland) in 21 Scots pine stands ca. 90 years of age, and with a well−developed oak advance−growth. The study sites were divided into 4 groups depending on the age of oak: 15, 20, 25 or 30−years−old. The empirical data concerned trees frequency (per unit area), average breast height diameter, height and basal area. The dependence of these characteristics on type of the main stand and advance−growth was then determined by statistical analysis. Above all, an attempt was made to determine the impact of forest site type conditions on the characteristics of oaks advance−growth. Results show that oaks are present at the density that makes the possibility of the advance−growth development into the stand real. Trees in the upper storey are found to exert a great influence on the silvicultural value of advance−growth trees. In particular, the density of trees in the main stand is a feature found to affect greatly the layer of oak advance−growth.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2017, 161, 06; 476-484
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Działanie chlorków na ulegający dekalcyfikacji zaczyn cementowy
    Chloride ions action on decalcifing cement paste
    Autorzy:
    Słomka-Słupik, B.
    Zybura, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/131508.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Komisja Inżynierii Budowlanej PAN Oddział w Katowicach
    Tematy:
    dekalcyfikacja
    chlorki
    korozja betonu
    trwałość
    fazy
    mikrostruktura
    chlorides
    corrosion of concrete
    durability
    phase
    microstructure
    Opis:
    The paper presents the problem of progress diffusion of chloride ions into the hydrated cement paste with simultaneously changing of discontinuities and crystalline phases’ amount depending on the distance from the external layer of the sample as a result of interaction mechanism of ammonium chloride with the paste. Experience confirmed the disappearance of lime phases of the hydrated cement paste and capillaries widening during NH4Cl diffusion. Friedel’s salt, formed before, and constituting a buffer before reinforcement corrosion, also dissolved during process of pH lowering. The described corrosion process is rapid due to the releasing of ammonia gas from the reaction medium.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Inżynierii Budowlanej; 2016, 16; 5-16
    1505-8425
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Inżynierii Budowlanej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zmiany struktury zaczynu cementowego pod wpływem roztworu powodującego dekalcyfikację
    Changes of the cement paste structure under decalcification
    Autorzy:
    Słomka-Słupik, B.
    Zybura, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/362852.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Fizyki Budowli Katarzyna i Piotr Klemm
    Tematy:
    dekalcyfikacja zaczynu cementowego
    chlorek amonu
    analiza rentgenowska
    SEM-BSE
    analiza obrazu
    decalcification of the cement paste
    ammonium chloride
    X-ray analysis
    image analysis
    Opis:
    Przedstawiono zmiany struktury zaczynu z cementu portlandzkiego zwykłego zachodzące wskutek działania chlorku amonu, który wchodzi w skład ścieków zakładów koksochemicznych. Działanie agresywne nasyconego roztworu NH4Cl trwało 25 dób. Badania rentgenowskie składu fazowego wskazały zanikanie portlandytu przy brzegu próbki. Wywołane ubytkiem portlandytu nieciągłości struktury określono na podstawie obserwacji zgładu w elektronowym mikroskopie skaningowym (SEM) oraz stosując metodę analizy obrazu.
    The changes of ordinary Portland cement paste structure caused by interaction with ammonium chloride solution, which is present in coke sewage, are described. The aggressive immersion of specimen lasted for 25 days into saturated solution of NH4Cl. The X-ray examinations of phase composition pointed at portlandite decrease and its disappearance at the edge of the specimen. Discontinuities of the cement paste matrix caused by the portlandite amount changes determined from the polished section observations into scanning electron microscope using backscattered electrons with application of image analysis.
    Źródło:
    Fizyka Budowli w Teorii i Praktyce; 2009, T. 4; 163-168
    1734-4891
    Pojawia się w:
    Fizyka Budowli w Teorii i Praktyce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    O mechanizmie uszkodzenia mikrostruktury matrycy cementowej betonu obiektów oczyszczalni ścieków przemysłowych
    On the mechanism of damage to the microstructure of the cement matrix of concrete in industrial liquid waste treatment structures
    Autorzy:
    Słomka-Słupik, B.
    Zybura, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/163215.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polski Związek Inżynierów i Techników Budownictwa
    Tematy:
    ścieki przemysłowe
    ścieki agresywne
    oczyszczalnia ścieków
    zbiornik żelbetowy
    chlorek amonu
    matryca cementowa
    uszkodzenie mikrostruktury
    industrial sewage
    aggresive sewage
    sewage treatment plant
    reinforced concrete tank
    ammonium chloride
    cement matrix
    microstructure damage
    Opis:
    Trwałość betonu żelbetowych zbiorników oczyszczalni ścieków jest obniżana wieloma czynnikami - fizycznymi, chemicznymi i biologicznymi. W wodach poprodukcyjnych zakładów koksowniczych i zakładów sztucznych nawozów azotowych występują między innymi duże ilości jonów chlorkowych (CI-) i amonowych (NH4+). Zestaw tych jonów stanowi szczególnie niebezpieczne środowiska dla budowli żelbetawych. W artykule opisano mechanizmy uszkodzenia mikrostruktury matrycy cementowej spowodowane takimi właśnie czynnikami.
    The durability of the concrete in reinforced-concrete tanks in liquid waste treatment facilities is reduced by many factors - physical, chemical and biological. In the waste water produced by coke plants and artificial nitrate fertilizer factories, there occur (among others) large quantities of chloride (CI) and ammonium [NH4) ions. The combination of these ions produces a particularly dangerous environment for reinforced-concrete structures. This paper describes the mechanisms of damage to the microstructure of the cement matrix caused by such factors.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Budowlany; 2010, R. 81, nr 2, 2; 41-44
    0033-2038
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Budowlany
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Odnowienie naturalne drzew w Puszczy Białowieskiej
    Natural regeneration of trees in the Bialowieza Forest
    Autorzy:
    Brzeziecki, B.
    Andrzejczyk, T.
    Żybura, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985949.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Puszcza Bialowieska
    odnowienia naturalne
    drzewa lesne
    topola osika
    Populus tremula
    brzoza brodawkowata
    Betula pendula
    brzoza omszona
    Betula pubescens
    olsza czarna
    Alnus glutinosa
    sosna zwyczajna
    Pinus sylvestris
    dab szypulkowy
    Quercus robur
    jesion wyniosly
    Fraxinus excelsior
    klon pospolity
    Acer platanoides
    wiaz gorski
    Ulmus glabra
    swierk pospolity
    Picea abies
    lipa drobnolistna
    Tilia cordata
    grab pospolity
    proces dorastania
    ekosystemy lesne
    dynamika lasu
    active approach
    deer browsing
    long−term study
    multifunctional forest management
    natural recruitment
    nature conservation
    silvicultural treatment
    strict protection
    tree competition
    tree diversity
    Opis:
    Since several years already, a massive infestation of bark beetle has taken place in the Białowieża Forest, decimating a local Norway spruce population. In consequence, many open areas appeared, practically deprived of trees and other forest vegetation. The existence of such areas has a very negative impact on multiple values of the Białowieża Forest: natural, social, economical and landscape−aesthetic values. The local forest administration prepared a strategy aimed at active restoration of diverse woodland communities typical for the Białowieża Forest in all places, where bark beetle infestation wiped up the spruce stands. Those plans were criticized by representatives of the environmental organizations who blamed the foresters for transforming the Białowieża Forest into ‘plantation’ and claiming that such measures are inconsistent with the existing forest management and protection plan. The postulate of environmentalists is that the recovery of woodland communities should proceed completely naturally. Taking into account the above mentioned controversies, in this paper we examine the issue of natural regeneration in the Białowieża Forest in detail. In particular, we try to determine to which extent this method of forest reproduction enables re−establishment of compositionally diverse woodland communities, distinguished by a high level of biological diversity and able to provide a wide range of commodities and benefits important for today’s society. Based on an extensive literature review we show that a combination of different (abiotic and biotic) factors, influencing establishment and subsequent growth of seedlings and saplings in the Białowieża Forest has long been strongly unfavorable for many tree species. In this regard, one should particularly emphasize the negative role of large herbivores, especially red deer, which is present in the Białowieża Forest since the end of 19th century, when it became a private hunting ground for Russian tzars. The devastating effect of deer browsing on natural regeneration is a well−documented phenomenon and widely recognized problem in the forestry practice. The fencing of young forest generation against game pressure is an indispensable measure, needed to secure the continuous existence of several tree species (first of all those palatable and vulnerable to browsing). Very strong arguments for an active approach to the described problem delivers also a long−term study on natural forest dynamics conducted since 1936. It shows that under conditions of strict protection the regeneration capacity of the Białowieża tree species is very variable. These differences lead to the compositional simplification and impoverishment of many tree stands, with numerous negative consequences for local biodiversity. We underline that an active management strategy is a basic prerequisite for maintaining a diverse character of the Białowieża stands and their ability to provide all important ecosystem services on a sustainable basis. Such a strategy should include, beside of the phase of establishment, also the subsequent developmental stages of new forest generations. The general goal of such a strategy should be to secure a possibly high diversity of tree composition and to enable the development of tree species representing a full range of life−history strategies and playing different successional roles: from typical pioneer species, through intermediate, to climax species.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2018, 162, 11; 883-896
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Cechy jakościowe podrostów dębowych rosnących pod osłoną drzewostanów sosnowych
    Quality traits of undergrowth oaks beneath the canopy of Scots pine stands
    Autorzy:
    Aleksandrowicz-Trzcińska, M.
    Pewniak, B.
    Żybura, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985772.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    hodowla lasu
    drzewostany sosnowe
    siedlisko boru mieszanego
    siedlisko lasu mieszanego swiezego
    podrost
    dab
    Quercus
    cechy jakosciowe
    odnowienia podokapowe
    trunk quality
    crown quality
    vitality
    development trend
    trees with future potential
    Opis:
    Scots pine stands in central Poland are now seen to be experiencing dynamic development of lower layers formed by oaks. The under−canopy natural renewal taking place in this way is sometimes characterised by good silvicultural quality, and could therefore be taken advantage of in the process of stand conversion. The study assess the quality of existing undergrowth layers of oak present in older stands of Scots pine, most especially from the point of view of their suitability for subjection to further silvicultural measures. The research material was collected in 10 objects where site type was classified as mesic mixed coniferous site type (BMśw) as well as in 11 ones with mesic mixed broadleaved forest (LMśw) site type. In each site type, 2 or 3 stands were selected to typify undergrowth layers aged 15, 20, 25 or 30 years. Assessment of oak undergrowth trees was made on the basis of 4−point scale in case of trunk or crown quality and vitality, and on a 3−point scale when vitality and the development trend were concerned. Next we selected the trees with future potential characterised by the highest quality from the point of view of all studied traits. A further determination concerned the influence on the traits in these best trees of the oak understorey that was exerted by biometric features of both the sheltering Scots pine stand and the under−growth itself. The studied undergrowth oaks are of either very good or good quality. Around 90% of these young trees could be assigned to 1st or 2nd quality class with the respect of all of analysed traits. Furthermore, fertility of the site type was found not to have any influence on the quality of the young oaks. However, where the number of trees identified as having future potential is concerned, influence was demonstrated for density of trees in both stand and the undergrowth layer, as well as their height, breast−height diameter and basal area. Oaks forming the lower layer beneath Scots pine stands are thus characterised by good quality and growth trends, to the extent that this suggests allowing further growth to take place, with inclusion within the main stand or next generation.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2018, 162, 04; 267-276
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Struktura i dynamika wielogeneracyjnych starodrzewów sosnowych występujących w obszarach ochrony ścisłej Kaliszki i Sieraków w Kampinoskim Parku Narodowym. Część 2. Procesy zamierania i dorastania oraz ich wpływ na rozkład grubości drzew
    Structure and dynamics of uneven−aged, Scots pine−dominated, old−growth stands in Kaliszki and Sieraków strict reserves in Kampinos National Park. Part 2. Tree mortality and recruitment processes and their effects on tree diameter distributions
    Autorzy:
    Brzeziecki, B.
    Zajączkowski, J.
    Olszewski, A.
    Bolibok, L.
    Andrzejczyk, T.
    Bielak, K.
    Buraczyk, W.
    Drozdowski, S.
    Gawron, L.
    Jastrzębowski, S.
    Szeligowski, H.
    Żybura, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979128.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    demographic non−equilibrium
    diameter structure
    long−term study
    old−growth forest
    permanent study
    plot
    scots pine
    strict protection
    Opis:
    Two fundamental demographic processes (tree recruitment and mortality) are analyzed for forest stands growing on permanent study plots located in strictly protected Scots pine−dominated, old−growth stands of Kampinos National Park (central Poland). The major implications of the observed demographic trends for the general shape of tree size distributions are determined, as well. During the past ca 30 years, in the stands sampled, there was a pronounced lack of balance between mortality and recruitment processes. Mortality rate was eight times higher than recruitment rate. Eventually, there was a net significant decline in population density, observed for all major tree species, including Scots pine, pedunculate oak, silver and downy birch, and black alder. As mortality processes affected mainly smaller trees, there was also a significant deterioration of the general demographic status of most important tree species. This effect was shown by the change of the overall shape of diameter distributions over the study period: from reverse J−shaped to flat curves running nearly parallel to X−axis. The values of recruitment rates were markedly lower, and the values of mortality rates – significantly higher, than analogous values characterizing comparable forests (e.g., those obtained for the natural stands of Białowieża National Park). Low recruitment rates, as obtained for Kampinos stands, suggest that presently, in the local, Scots pine−dominated, old−growth stands, the general conditions for forest regeneration and for maintaining a long−term demographic stability are unfavorable. Most probably, the regeneration of this type of forest has an episodic, ‘wave−like’ character and corresponds to the ‘catastrophic’ model, according to which the successful regeneration of current dominants (especially Scots pine, silver and downy birch, black alder) must be preceded by a stand−initiating (stand−replacing) disturbance, leading to total or partial, but heavy, destruction of the currently existing stand. At the moment, it would be difficult to predict, however, if and when such a disturbance will affect the stands under investigation. Thus, we predict that in the nearest future at least, the state of overall demographic unbalance will continue or even increase.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2020, 164, 06; 443-453
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Struktura i dynamika wielogeneracyjnych starodrzewów sosnowych występujących w obszarach ochrony ścisłej Kaliszki i Sieraków w Kampinoskim Parku Narodowym. Część 1. Zróżnicowanie gatunkowe, zagęszczenie i pierśnicowe pole przekroju
    Structure and dynamics of uneven−aged Scots pine−dominated old−growth stands in Kaliszki and Sieraków strict protection areas in the Kampinos National Park. Part 1. Species composition, tree density and basal area
    Autorzy:
    Brzeziecki, B.
    Zajączkowski, J.
    Olszewski, A.
    Bolibok, L.
    Andrzejczyk, T.
    Bielak, K.
    Buraczyk, W.
    Drozdowski, S.
    Gawron, L.
    Jastrzębowski, S.
    Szeligowski, H.
    Żybura, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/978936.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    forest dynamics
    long−term research
    old−growth forest
    permanent study plot
    strict protection
    tree
    species composition
    Opis:
    The paper describes changes, which took place over the last 30 years in old−growth forest stands occupying two permanent research plots, established in the Kaliszki and Sieraków strict protection areas in the Kampinos National Park (central Poland). Both plots have a form of ecological transects. The Kaliszki plot is 20 m wide and 700 m long (1.40 ha), while the Sieraków plot (total area of 2.56 ha) consists of two parts: main (40×460 m) and side (40×180 m) transect. In the Kaliszki plot, the stand measurements were conducted in 1993, 2007, and 2017, while in the Sieraków plot – in 1989, 1994, 2006, and 2017. For every tree with breast height diameter (DBH) 5 cm, species identity, DBH and spatial coordinates were determined. Starting from the second census, all trees which had died (‘losses’), as well as trees which exceeded the DBH threshold (‘gains’) since the previous record were noted, as well. The major tree species occurring on sample plots are Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), pedunculate oak (Quercus robur), silver and downy birch (Betula sp.), and black alder (Alnus glutinosa). During the study period, the overall tree density declined by ca. 50%. The diminishing trends occurred for all dominant tree species. In contrast to major, dominant tree species, the demographic status of a group of minor tree species (lime, hornbeam and maple) was much more stable. One may even speak about some expansion in this case. Particularly, hornbeam density increased rapidly in the period 2006−2017 in some areas of the main transect located in the Sieraków plot. The future studies will show if this tendency will be maintained and will include other regions of sample plots. Assuming a lack of significant disturbances, one may expect that the stands growing on research plots will rather slowly change in the nearest future. Most dynamics will have a quantitative and not qualitative character. One may anticipate, for example, a growing role of pedunculate oak at the expense of Scots pine, however, considering that the two species are rather long−living, they will probably for a long time keep their dominant roles in the stand canopies.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2020, 164, 05; 392-403
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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