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Tytuł:
Energy Security of West Africa: the Case of Natural Gas
Autorzy:
Zigah, Elias
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2159191.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-10-29
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
energy security
natural gas
Gas Supply Security Index
West Africa
Opis:
The Gas Supply Security Index (GSSI) is used to assess the security of natural gas supply of four gas producing countries in West Africa using five indicators: Gas Intensity, Net Gas Import Dependency, Ratio of Domestic Gas Production to Imports, Gross Inland Consumption and Geopolitical Risk. This study identified that security of natural gas supply in West Africa is a major challenge as some of the major natural gas producers within the region are highly vulnerable to supply disruptions. Most of the countries studied rely solely on domestic production for supply security. Lack of diversification of supply source and the absence of natural gas storage facilities to safeguard the security of supply were identified as the major factors accounting for the high vulnerability among the natural gas producers within the region.
L’Indice de sécurité d’approvisionnement en gaz sert à évaluer la sécurité d’approvisionnement en gaz naturel de quatre pays producteurs de gaz en Afrique de l’Ouest à l’aide de cinq indicateurs: Intensité gazière, dépendance à l’égard des importations nettes de gaz, ratio de la production gazière nationale aux importations, consommation intérieure brute et risque géopolitique. Cette étude a montré que la sécurité de l’approvisionnement en gaz naturel en Afrique de l’Ouest constitue un enjeu essentiel car certains des principaux producteurs de gaz naturel de la région sont des plus exposés aux perturbations de l’approvisionnement. La plupart des pays étudiés comptent uniquement sur la production nationale pour garantir leur sécurité d’approvisionnement. Le manque de diversification des sources d’approvisionnement et l’absence de stockages de gaz naturel pour garantir la sécurité de l’approvisionnement sont les principaux déterminants de la forte vulnérabilité des producteurs de gaz naturel dans la région.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2019, 12, 19; 91-110
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The geopolitical dimension of gas security in the European Union
Bezpieczeństwo gazowe Unii Europejskiej w wymiarze geopolitycznym
Autorzy:
Rosicki, Remigiusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/619576.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
energy policy
energy security
gas security
gas supply security
the European Union
polityka energetyczna
bezpieczeństwo energetyczne
bezpieczeństwo gazowe
bezpieczeństwo dostaw gazu
Unia Europejska
Opis:
Zakres przedmiotowy analizy w tekście obejmuje bezpieczeństwo energetyczne Unii Europejskiej i państw członkowskich z uwzględnieniem perspektywy warunków geopolitycznych. Przez warunki geopolityczne przyjęto rozumieć występowanie różnego rodzaju zależności między warunkami geograficznymi i procesami podejmowania decyzji w zakresie bezpieczeństwa energetycznego. Głównym celem tekstu jest prezentacja wybranych problemów teoretycznych w studiach nad bezpieczeństwem energetycznym i powiązanie ich z takimi zagadnieniami jak zależność importowa od gazu i ryzyko w przerwaniu dostaw gazu – głównie na kierunku rosyjskim. W celu uszczegółowienia zakresu przedmiotowego analizy zaprezentowano następujące pytania badawcze: (1) W jakim stopniu warunki geograficzne determinują procesy decyzyjne w polityce energetycznej Unii Europejskiej i państw członkowskich?, (2) W jakim stopniu warunki geograficzne determinują zagrożenia dla bezpieczeństwa dostaw gazu do Unii Europejskiej i państw członkowskich? Praca ma głównie charakter poglądowy, jednakże w części teoretycznej w swobodny sposób wykorzystano założenia programu badawczego integracji wiedzy w ramach studiów nad bezpieczeństwem energetycznym i tranzycją energetyczną prezentowane przez E. Brutschinę, A. Cherpa, J. Jewell, B. K. Sovacoola i V. Vinichenkę. Ponadto dokonano syntezy wiedzy zawartej w literaturze dotyczącej problematyki bezpieczeństwa energetycznego i gazowego, którą wzbogacono o krytyczne ujęcie, własne oceny i wnioski.
The objective scope of the analysis performed in the text encompasses the energy security in the European Union and its member states, and includes the perspective of geopolitical conditions. The geopolitical conditions should be understood as a variety of relations between geographical conditions and decision-making processes concerned with energy security. The main objective of the text is to present a selection of theoretical problems encountered in the study of energy security, as well as to link them with such issues as gas import dependence and the risk of gas supply disruptions, mainly from the Russian direction. In order to elaborate the objective scope of analysis, the following research questions are presented: (1) To what extent do geographical conditions determine decision-making processes in the energy policy pursued by the European Union?; and (2) To what extent do geographical conditions determine threats to the security of gas supplies to the European Union and its member states? The text is chiefly an overview, but the theoretical part loosely makes use of the premises of the research program concerned with the integration of knowledge as part of the studies of energy security and energy transitions, presented by E. Brutschina, A. Cherp, J. Jewell, B. K. Sovacool and V. Vinichenka. Additionally, knowledge contained in the literature on energy and gas security has been synthesized and enriched with a critical approach, and the author’s own assessments and conclusions.
Źródło:
Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne; 2020, 2; 45-73
1731-7517
Pojawia się w:
Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Poland’s Gas Security
Autorzy:
Rosicki, Remigiusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/616294.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
gas security
energy security
energy policy
Poland’s energy security
bezpieczeństwo gazowe
bezpieczeństwo energetyczne
polityka energetyczna
bezpieczeństwo energetyczne Polski
Opis:
Przedmiotem analizy w tekście jest bezpieczeństwo energetyczne Polski na przykładzie bezpieczeństwa dostaw gazu (bezpieczeństwo gazowe). W pracy podjęta została analiza jedynie wybranych problemów bezpieczeństwa gazowego, uwaga skupiona została na: 1) charakterystyce kontraktów gazowych i 2) ocenie bezpieczeństwa dostaw gazu ze względu na techniczne możliwości importowe infrastruktury przesyłowej. W obu przypadkach przyjęto dwie perspektywy czasowe: 1) 2006–2010, 2) okres po 2010 z prognozą na rok 2022. W tekście podjęto się zweryfikowania następujących pytań: 1) W jakim zakresie mieliśmy do czynienia z realnymi działaniami wzmacniającymi bezpieczeństwo dostaw gazu do Polski w okresie 2006–2010? 2) Jak zmieniają się techniczne i faktyczne możliwości dywersyfikacji dostaw gazu do Polski po roku 2010?
The subject matter analyzed in the text is Poland’s energy security as illustrated with the security of gas supply (gas supply security). The text analyzes a selection of problems concerned with gas security and so the focus is on: (1) a description of gas supply contracts, and (2) an assessment of gas supply security with regard to the technical import capabilities of the transmission infrastructure. In both cases two time-frames were applied: (1) 2006–2010, (2) the period after 2010 with a prospect for 2022. The text goes on to verify the following questions: (1) In what scope was real action undertaken in order to strengthen the security of gas supply to Poland in the years 2006–2010?, (2) How have the technical and real capabilities to diversify the gas supply to Poland changed after 2010?
Źródło:
Przegląd Politologiczny; 2015, 1; 159-172
1426-8876
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Politologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prospects for Development of Ukraine’s Energy Market as Part of the “Intermarium” Project
Autorzy:
PYSAR, NADIIA
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/455276.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski
Tematy:
globalization
energy security
gas
energy space
Opis:
In the globalized world, the issue of establishing new forms of cooperation in Ukraine’s energy sector with the countries of Central Europe is becoming urgent. With this in mind, the prospects of the project of "vertical" economic integration from north to south, from Scandinavia and the Baltic to the Balkan countries with access to the Adriatic Sea have been considered. The project of the Baltic-Black Sea alliance that is made up on the basis of security motives and includes the development of energy cooperation has been analyzed. It has been proven that with its powerful energy potential, Ukraine is able to integrate into the energy space using its own resource base and diversify the supply of fuel and energy resources within the energy space on a competitive basis. The scientific concept of the polarized space for the region’s development with a resource potential for the development of Ukraine’s economy in the context of globalization and European integration has been proposed.
Źródło:
Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka; 2018, 9, 4; 308-314
2080-9069
Pojawia się w:
Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The EU-Azerbaijan Relations in the Gas Transporting Sector
Autorzy:
Aliiev, Maksym
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2137562.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Chełmie
Tematy:
gas pipeline
Energy security
EU
Azerbaijan
Southern Gas Corridor
Opis:
The war in Ukraine changed the security landscape in Europe, the aggression of the Russian Federation also aected the energy security. For decades European elites negotiated and signed contracts for energy supplies from the Russian Federation, which gave Russia the opportunity to restore and strengthen its military capacity, and as a result, to launch an unprovoked aggression against Ukraine. Realizing the fallacy of its own energy diplomacy, the EU began searching for new and intensied relations with existing energy suppliers. The aim of this article is to analyze the role and signicance of Azerbaijan as a potential supplier of gas to Europe, especially to its southern ank, where strong positions of Russian inuence remain. During the preparation of the study, the international legal basis of relations between Azerbaijan and the EU was systematized and analyzed, the main supply routes of Azerbaijani gas to the European markets were determined and characterized. Prospects for deepening cooperation between the EU and Azerbaijan in the implementation of energy projects have been determined. Possible threats to the supply of Azerbaijani gas to European markets under the conditions of preservation of Russia's inuence are separately described.
Źródło:
Language. Culture. Politics. International Journal; 2022, 1; 205-218
2450-3576
2719-3217
Pojawia się w:
Language. Culture. Politics. International Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Challenge of the European Union’s Energy Security Approach
Autorzy:
Maksuti, Bekim
Sela, Ylber
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036491.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
energy security
european union
energy
natural gas
Opis:
Aim of this research is to answer if organizational commitment changes according to demografic factors. Inputs gained from 200 person sample group from banking sector. According to the analysis it is found that affective and continuance commitment increases with age and job experience, and all componenets of commitment increase according to time in the last job. With the results derived from analysis, research’s support to organizational theory is discussed and some advices put forward.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2015, 11; 106-115
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Poland’s Energy Security in the Context of the EU’s Common Energy Policy. The Case of the Gas Sector
Autorzy:
Nowak, Bartłomiej
Grzejszczak, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/529941.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-06-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
energy security
natural gas
common energy policy
Opis:
The concept of energy security can be rather difficult to precisely define. In fact, the scope of energy security includes a somewhat different set of issues in the gas sector than in the electricity sector. After all, electricity can be produced in every country of the European Union, but gas extraction is possible only in some. Natural gas is a commodity which constitutes a significant component of the export policy of only a few countries. As a result, the scarcity of gas in the EU makes it a very desirable resource for many countries, some of which are taking important energy-related decisions without consulting or assessing their impact on other Member States. This hampers the coordination of energy policy and the setting of common objectives with regard to energy security for the EU as a whole. The lack of cooperation among Member States has a clearly more negative impact on Poland and the other new Member States (which depend on a single gas supplier) than on the old EU-15, whose gas supply is generally well diversified. Moreover, the lack of proper infrastructure and cross-border connections puts in question the creation of a solid energy policy at the EU level in the gas sector.
Le concept de sécurité énergétique est assez difficile à préciser. En fait dans le champ d’application de la sécurité énergétique, différentes sont les données dans le secteur du gaz par rapport celui de l’électricité. Tant que l’électricité peut être produite dans tous les pays de l’Union européenne, l’extraction du gaz n’est pas possible partout. Le gaz naturel est un produit qui constitue une composante importante de la politique d’exportation de quelques pays seulement. En raison de la pénurie de gaz dans l’UE, il est une des ressources très souhaitable par de nombreux pays, qui prennent des décisions importantes concernant l’énergie, sans consulter ni évaluer leur impact sur les autres Etats membres. Ce l’autre côté entrave la coordination de la politique énergétique et la fixation d’objectifs communs en matière de sécurité énergétique de l’UE dans son ensemble. De toute évidence, le manque de coopération entre les Etats membres a un impact plus négatif sur la Pologne et les nouveaux États membres qui dépendent d’un seul fournisseur de gaz dans l’ancienne UE–15, dont les sources d’approvisionnement sont en général bien diversifiées. Aussi le manque d’infrastructures adéquates et de connexions transfrontalières met en question la solidité de la politique énergétique au niveau de l’UE dans le secteur du gaz.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2011, 4(4); 41-56
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Azerbaijan’s Path to Fulfilling Its Current Role in Building Global Energy Security and Its Prospects for the Future
Autorzy:
Stawarz, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/53401948.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-12-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Azerbaijan
Energy Security
Natural Gas
Crude Oil
Opis:
The research problem of this paper concerns energy security in the regional and global dimensions in the context of Azerbaijan’s role in its construction, the aim being to verify whether Azerbaijan is one of the key elements in building energy security, especially in the South Caucasus, but also in relation to the European Union and even in a global sense. The factorial and comparative methods were mainly used to examine the indicated subject matter. This article shows that both natural conditions and the appropriate actions of the Azerbaijani authorities have been strengthening the country’s role for several decades not only as the main element of the energy security of the South Caucasus, but also as one of the key factors in building the energy security of the European Union and is shaping itself as a significant co-creator of global security in this sphere. Azerbaijan’s achievements to date in the sphere of energy security and forecasts for the future allow one to conclude that the state will have an increasingly stronger position as a guarantor of security in the discussed sphere in the South Caucasus, and its role as a co-builder of the Union’s energy security will take on new, unprecedented shapes. Also, in the global dimension, the role of Azerbaijan will increase.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2023, 27, 4; 235-246
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the Hungarian gas sector : present situation and future prospects
Autorzy:
Ogarek, Przemysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101737.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Polityki Energetycznej im. Ignacego Łukasiewicza
Tematy:
natural gas
Hungary
energy security
Turkish Stream
Opis:
The main aim of this article is to determine the level of security of supply of the Hungarian natural gas sector and to provide forecasts of the potential sources of oil imports by 2025. The research questions posed by the author relate to self-sufficiency of the domestic gas sector, a high level of dependence on supplies from the east, the lack of diversification of suppliers in the market, and the impact of the possibilities of re-gasification of underground natural gas storage facilities to improve energy security in Hungary. The research hypothesis of the paper was that the level of self-sufficiency of the gas sphere will remain at a constantly low level, that the security volume will decrease until new gas supply routes are established, and that the role of underground gas storage facilities as a result of highly probable loss of transport through the territory of Ukraine will be crucial. In order to solve the research problem and obtain answers to the questions raised, the following energy indices were used: self-sufficiency index, Herfindahl Hirschman index, Residual Supply Index, and the ratio of underground storage capacity of raw material to quarterly demand for fuel. The source of information and data used, due to the lack of many current studies on Hungary's energy security, are reports of national and European energy organizations, as well as reliable industry portals rich in current information. The conclusions of the analysis show that Hungary is a country highly dependent on imports from the East and that its security of supply will decrease significantly as a result of the political turmoil between Ukraine and Russia. Underground storage facilities will be responsible for maintaining a safe gas volume in the demand of the domestic economy in the near future. And the more distant future of the Hungarian gas industry will continue to be connected mainly with the eastern exporter. This will be facilitated by the Turkish Stream connection and possible supplies from Nord Stream II.
Źródło:
Energy Policy Studies; 2019, 1 (3); 59-69
2545-0859
Pojawia się w:
Energy Policy Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Probabilistic gas transmission network simulator and application to the EU gas transmission system
Autorzy:
Kopustinskas, V.
Praks, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2069293.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Polskie Towarzystwo Bezpieczeństwa i Niezawodności
Tematy:
gas network
energy security
reliability
Monte Carlo
Opis:
The paper describes the methodology approach and the results obtained by the probabilistic gas network simulator ProGasNet software tool. The ProGasNet has been applied to a number of test cases, all based on real gas transmission networks of the EU countries. Various types of analysis have been performed: reliability, vulnerability, security of supply and various types of results have been reported: supply reliability estimates, time-dependent storage discharge effect, quantitative effects of new infrastructure, security of supply under different disruption scenarios. The ProGasNet model provides an indication of the worst networks nodes in terms of security of supply and provides their numerical ranking. The model is very powerful to compare and evaluate different supply options, new network development plans and analyse potential crisis situations
Źródło:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association; 2015, 6, 3; 71--78
2084-5316
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Implications of LNG import on the European Union’s energy security
Autorzy:
Kordowina, Łkasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818434.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Polityki Energetycznej im. Ignacego Łukasiewicza
Tematy:
LNG
natural gas
energy security
European Union
Opis:
Due to insufficient level of domestic natural gas production, the European Union countries are forced to import this key energy resource from the third countries. This involves political and economic as well as physical risks. In order to ensure energy security, it is necessary to mitigate the threats that in the case of natural gas supplies are primarily related to various types of dependencies. The dependency grows in the situation of low diversification of energy sources and resources suppliers. The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of LNG imports on the European Union’s energy security, which would not be possible without showing the structure of the regionalnatural gas market. Implications of LNG trade will be shown in comparison with pipeline gas supplies, which are dominant on this market.
Źródło:
Energy Policy Studies; 2020, 2 (6); 54--70
2545-0859
Pojawia się w:
Energy Policy Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Petrol and Natural Gas Market of the Visegrád Group Countries 1993–2016: Current State and Prospects
Autorzy:
Kłaczyński, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594404.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
energy policy
energy
security
natural gas
crude oil
Opis:
The paper addresses problems related to energy policies pursued by Central European countries. It identifies the amounts of energy resources in individual countries in the Visegrád Group as well as the transmission infrastructures they use for natural gas and crude oil. The author discusses projects aimed at diversifying energy supplies which are of key importance to V4 countries. The article also presents relations between those countries in both within the group and bilaterally. When outlining prospects of a V4 energy strategy, the account is taken of such vital aspects as relations with the Russian Federation and the contribution made by Visegrád countries to EU actions designed to develop a single energy market.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2018, 1 (47); 7-19
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Development of the LNG market in the European Union in the context of war Russia-Ukraine
Autorzy:
Pach-Gurgul, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30116781.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
energy security
gas import
LNG
Russia-Ukraine War
Opis:
According to the latest data from the International Energy Agency, global LNG trade increased by almost 6% year-on-year between January and August 2022.  It was dominated by rising demand for the commodity in the European Union. This was driven by sharp cuts in linear gas supplies from Russia, which are linked to the EU's stance of abandoning Russian supplies due to Russia's war with Ukraine, and the subsequent imposition of sanctions by the European Union on Russia. In January-August 2022 alone, LNG imports into the EU increased by as much as 65% (43 bcm) compared to the same period in 2021. Such a significant increase in the supply of LNG to European countries was also made possible by a decline in demand for LNG in the Asia-Pacific region, due to the mild winter, high price levels, and disruptions related to Covid-19 and the aftermath of lockdowns in China. The cut-off of gas supplies from Russia has shown that the LNG market in the EU can play an important role in both the region's energy security and energy transition. In fact, the European Commission treats gas as a blue fuel, much less carbon-intensive than other conventional energy sources such as coal or oil. An additional advantage of LNG is the possibility to transport this fuel from various locations, rapid change of supply directions, and the more extensive possibilities for its storage. For an EU struggling for a stable supply of raw material, pursuing the Green Deal and carrying out an energy transition, this is an option that could become a strategic element in the long term. The research objective of this article is to investigate and analyze how the share of LNG in the EU's energy mix has changed and in what direction it is affecting EU energy security after Russia's aggression in Ukraine.
Źródło:
Central European Review of Economics & Finance; 2023, 44, 3; 79-98
2082-8500
2083-4314
Pojawia się w:
Central European Review of Economics & Finance
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evolution of gas security in Bulgaria - case study
Ewolucja bezpieczeństwa gazowego Bułgarii – studium przypadku
Autorzy:
Wojcieszak, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2081521.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-10-25
Wydawca:
Collegium Witelona Uczelnia Państwowa
Tematy:
Bulgaria
gas
security
evolution
Bułgaria
gaz
bezpieczeństwo
ewolucja
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to present the complex issues of gas security in Bulgaria, a country which used to be entirely dependent on raw material delivered from the Russian Federation. Bulgaria has no large raw material resources on its own territory and has tried for several years to diversify the sources and routes of natural gas supply, both through the construction of gas pipelines as well as through the import of liquefied gas. Azerbaijan may become important gas importer to Bulgaria and interconnector linking Bulgaria with Greece may singificantly impact the diversification process. Russia remains an important importer of raw material to Bulgaria and will keep this position in the foreseeable future. Russia is trying to maintain its position on the Bulgarian gas market through further infrastructure investments, regardless of the diversification processes forced by EU regulations that liberalise the gas market.
Artykuł ma na celu ukazanie złożonej problematyki bezpieczeństwa gazowego Bułgarii – państwa zależnego niegdyś całkowicie od surowca przesyłanego z terytorium Federacji Rosyjskiej. Bułgaria, nie posiadająca na własnym terytorium dużych zasobów surowca, od kilku lat stara się zdywersyfikować źródła i kierunki dostaw gazu ziemnego, zarówno poprzez budowę gazociągów, jak i przez import gazu skroplonego. Istotnym importerem gazu do Bułgarii może stać się Azerbejdżan, a znaczącą rolę w procesie dywersyfikacji może odegrać interkonektor łączący Bułgarię z Grecją. Rosja nadal jednak pozostaje ważnym importerem surowca do Bułgarii i w przewidywalnej przyszłości pozostanie nim nadal. Niezależnie od procesów dywersyfikacyjnych, wymuszonych m.in. liberalizującymi regulacjami unijnymi, strona rosyjska stara się utrzymać swoją pozycję za sprawą kolejnych inwestycji infrastrukturalnych.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej im. Witelona w Legnicy; 2021, 3, 40; 57-69
1896-8333
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej im. Witelona w Legnicy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kurdistan’s role in European energy security
Autorzy:
Ismael, Hemin Mohammed
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1199428.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Instytut Geografii
Tematy:
Kurdistan Region
Iraq
European Energy Security
natural gas
Opis:
The paper analyzes the Kurdistan Regional Government’s (KRG) natural resource strategies, such as how it deals with huge reserves of many trillion cubic feet of its natural gas as significant energy. Because natural gas belongs to the cleanest burning fossil fuels, with 30 percent less carbon than oil, it plays a role in the global fuel economy. As KRG transports its natural gas to international markets, like European countries, via Turkey it means they also participate in energy security as a new actor. Because the KRG is landlocked, strong factors may affect Kurdish natural gas strategies because KRG is surrounded by today’s partners and yesterday’s enemies politically and economically. Turkey, the neighbor of KRG, also buys its gas and has an influence on these strategies after the Ukraine crisis that pushed European countries to make a turn towards Caspian natural gas. Kurdistan is part of the best option for European energy security as it plans to diversify natural gas imports. While the KRG benefits from selling its natural gas directly to international markets, this will come with some struggles. Many of these obstacles can be classified into two types: internal and external obstacles, such as a conflict with the central government regarding how to share gas revenues. Others problems include Iranian neighbor interest on natural resources in Kurdistan and Russia that looks to Kurdish gas as its ally if Kurdistan joins the southern gas corridor pipeline.
Źródło:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society; 2020, 10, 1; 33-41
2084-0497
2451-2249
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 36

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