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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Warning against warnings: Alerted subjects may perform worse. Misinformation, involvement and warning as determinants of witness testimony
    Autorzy:
    Szpitalak, Malwina
    Polczyk, Romuald
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430174.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    misinformation
    memory
    warning
    involvement
    eyewitness testimony
    tainted truth
    Opis:
    The article presents experiments exploring the memory misinformation effect. Subjects heard a recording and afterwards read a description of it, which included, in the misled group, some details inconsistent with the recording; finally thay answered questions about the recording. The aim of the research was to replicate the tainted truth effect, consisting in poor memory functioning of non-misled warned subjects and to check whether a subject’s involvement in the issue moderates this effect. Highly involved subjects were more resistant to the misinformation effect than those lowly involved. In the case of highly involved participants, warning was effective in reducing the misinformation effect, but it also caused more errors in the case of non-misled subjects. Thus, warning witnesses about nonexising discrepancies between what they saw/heard and what they were told, might lead to less accurate testimony.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2010, 41, 3; 105-112
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Eyewitness Identification Evidence: Photo Lineups — Commentary on the Polish Supreme Court Ruling of 14 March 2019, V KK 11/19 (approving)
    Autorzy:
    LEŚNIEWSKI, KAMIL
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1798780.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-04-21
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
    Tematy:
    photo array
    photo lineup
    eyewitness identification procedures
    eyewitness testimony
    probative value
    miscarriages of justice
    polish criminal procedure
    Opis:
    In the commented ruling, the Supreme Court considered some of the problematic aspects of the Polish photo lineup procedure, stating that improprieties in organising or conducting identifi cation procedures do not necessarily render eyewitness identifi cation evidence inadmissible. This commentary discusses the assessment of the probative value of identification evidence, as well as critically analyses the current laws regarding photo lineup practices in Poland. Finally, the commentary argues that significant and research-based changes in the Polish legal standards for eyewitness identifi cation are necessary to prevent potential miscarriages of justice, briefly discussing the most urgent of them.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Policyjny; 2020, 140(4); 303-314
    0867-5708
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Policyjny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Promoting eyewitness testimony quality: Warning vs. reinforced self-affi rmation as methods of reduction of the misinformation effect
    Autorzy:
    Szpitalak, Malwina
    Polczyk, Romuald
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951974.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    misinformation effect
    warning
    reinforced self-affirmation
    eyewitness testimony
    reducing misinformation effect
    Opis:
    In a typical experiment on the misinformation effect, subjects fi rst watch some event, afterwards read a description of it which in the experimental group includes some incorrect details, and answer questions relating to the original event. Typically, subjects in the misled experimental group report more false details than those from the control group. The main purpose of the presented study was to compare two methods of reducing the misinformation effect, namely – warning against misinformation and reinforced self-affi rmation. The reinforced self-affi rmation consists of two elements: the participants recall their greatest achievements of life, and are being given a positive feedback about their performance in a memory task. The obtained results showed that the reinforced self-affi rmation was more effective than warning, although the latter also caused a significant reduction of the vulnerability to misinformation.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2013, 44, 1; 85-91
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Reinforced self-affirmation and reinforced failure reduce susceptibility to misinformation
    Autorzy:
    Szpitalak, Malwina
    Dukała, Karolina
    Polczyk, Romuald
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128367.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-04-04
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    misinformation effect
    reinforced self-affirmation
    reinforced failure
    eyewitness testimony
    memory
    Opis:
    The main aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of reinforced self-affirmation and reinforced failure on the memory misinformation effect. The misinformation effect consists in the witness including some incorrect details into their testimony, stemming from sources other than the original event. In the reinforced self-affirmation procedure, participants first recall their greatest achievements in life and are afterwards given a memory task with positive feedback about their performance on it. In a series of previous experiments, reinforced self-affirmation proved to reduce vulnerability to misinformation. The same result was obtained in the present study. Reinforced failure is a procedure not studied before, consisting in the participants recalling their greatest failures in life, connected with negative feedback about performance on a memory task. It was hypothesized that reinforced failure would increase vulnerability to misinformation. The results pointed to the opposite tendency – participants in the reinforced failure group performed better than those in the misled control group. The reduction in susceptibility to misinformation was greater in the reinforced self-affirmation group than in the reinforced failure one. The results are discussed in terms of the possibility of constructing a method of immunizing people to the misinformation effect available in practice for a wide community of professionals dealing with interrogations.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Psychologiczne; 2013, 16, 2; 249-261
    1507-7888
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Psychologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sensory processing sensitivity and its relation to susceptibility to misinformation
    Autorzy:
    Sadowski, Szymon Kamil
    Szpitalak, Malwina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2121400.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    high sensitivity
    sensory processing sensitivity
    personality trait
    misinformation effect
    suggestibility
    eyewitness testimony
    Opis:
    Sensory processing sensitivity is a relatively new theoretical construct. Its main components include deeper processing of stimuli as well as a stronger response to environmental impacts, both positive and negative. The effect of misinformation, which involves the inclusion of misinformation in the witness's memory reports, can be modified by varied factors, including personality characteristics. To the knowledge of the authors, no such research has been conducted so far and thereby the aim of the following study was to examine the relationship between the sensory processing sensitivity and susceptibility to the misinformation effect. Group studies were carried out according to the three-stage scheme of investigating the misinformation effect. After the original material was presented, the participants were exposed to a post-event material, containing the misinformation in the experimental group. Then the memory of the original material was tested. A strong misinformation effect was shown. Highly sensitive people, achieving the highest results in the Highly Sensitive Person Scale, were more resistant to the misinformation effect.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2022, 53, 2; 79-87
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Holocaust Oral History Sources in the Yahad-In Unum Archive Collection (Based on Volhynia-Podolia General District Materials)
    Źródła historii mówionej o Holokauście w kolekcji Archiwum „Yahad-In Unum” (na przykładzie Okręgu Generalnego „Wołyń-Podole”)
    Autorzy:
    Mykhalchuk, Roman Yuriyovych
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31339697.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
    Tematy:
    Yahad-In Unum
    Holokaust
    historia mówiona
    relacje świadków
    Patrick Desbois
    Okręg generalny "Wołyń-Podole"
    „small death jobs”
    Holocaust
    oral history
    eyewitness testimony
    Volhynia-Podolia General District
    "small death jobs"
    Opis:
    The purpose of the article is to analyze the oral history collection of the Holocaust sources at the Yahad-In Unum scientific institution (Paris, France) on the example of the Nazi-occupied territories of the Volhynia-Podolia General District of Reichskommissariat Ukraine. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism and scientific objectivity. Analysis of oral history sources is the main method of the research. Scientific novelty: For the first time in historiography, the oral history Holocaust sources of the Yahad-In Unum scientific institution were analyzed based on the example of the Volhynia-Podolia General District. The conclusions prove that the oral history sources of Yahad-In Unum have powerful potential for Holocaust studies. They have exclusive information that is not found in other sources. German and Soviet documents cannot fully shed light on Holocaust history. Instead, the stories of witnesses provide an opportunity to examine this topic in a multifaceted way. 
    Celem artykułu jest analiza zbioru źródeł historii mówionej o Holokauście z terenów okupowanych przez hitlerowców Okręgu Generalnego „Wołyń-Podole”, Komisariatu Rzeszy Ukraina, opublikowanych przez „Yahad-In Unum”, instytucję naukową znajdującą się w Paryżu, we Francji. Metodologia badań opiera się na zasadach historyzmu. Po raz pierwszy w historiografii przeanalizowano źródła historii mówionej o Holokauście, znajdujące się w „Yahad-In Unum”, zebrane z terytorium Okręgu Generalnego „Wołyń-Podole”. We Wnioskach wyjaśniono, że źródła historii mówionej „Yahad-In Unum” mają ogromny potencjał do badań nad Holokaustem. Posiadają wyjątkowe informacje, których nie można znaleźć w innych źródłach. Dokumenty niemieckie oraz sowieckie nie mogą w pełni określić procesu Holokaustu. Natomiast relacje świadków dają możliwości wszechstronnego wyjaśnienia tego tematu.
    Źródło:
    Colloquia Humanistica; 2023, 12; 1-19
    2081-6774
    2392-2419
    Pojawia się w:
    Colloquia Humanistica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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